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WAVE Safety & Security News

This week we take a partial look atRISK Assessment

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We are going to look at how decisionmodels impact outcomes and ask youto create a list of specific vulnerabilitieswithin your area of responsibility. Once you have had the time to create alist, you need to assign a vulnerabilityassessment. You will see the need torecognize the importance of conductingand operationalizing vulnerability andrisk assessments.

Decision Making (DM) is a process ofidentifying and choosing solutions thatlead to a desired end result. It generally starts with a problem andends with a solution or recommendedcourse of action. An antecedent is an event, action or cir-cumstance that has happened or ishapping that leads to public safety pro-fessional to react. The consequence isthe result of an action or non-action. What are some consequences to mak-ing a bad decision in regards to schoolsafety?

Models of Decision Making

Rational ModelNormative Model

Garbage Can Model Rational Model - Cognitive processthat follows a logical order. You mustcomplete five steps:1. Identify the situation or problem2. Identify the end state3. Identify & consider all possible solu-tions4. Weigh consequences v. success5. Chose the best optionNormative Model - Based on the ideathat making decisions is characterizednot by logic but by:1. Limited information2. Rules of thumb & shortcuts3. Satisficing, tendency to pick the firstoption that meets the goal.Garbage Can Model -Organized chaos. De-cisions are made notmade through anyprocess. This is left tochance! Problems, so-lutions and decisionmakers are not con-nected. The main difference between Rational& Normative:Rational - Has two stages, the first in-cludes the five steps which are listedabove, while Normative is more definedand has a framework.

Normative has more of a focus on per-sonal/environmental characteristics thatreduce rational decision making.Capacity of the human mind, problemcomplexity and uncertainty are part ofthe Normative model. So is the amountand timelines of available information,criticality of decisions and time de-mands.

Any weakness that can be exploited byan aggressor, or in a non-terrorist threatenvironment, make an asset suscepti-ble to hazard damge. This is the defina-tion according to the FederalEmergency Management Agency(FEMA).

Potential for an unwanted outcome re-sulting from an incident, event, or occur-rence, as determined by its likelihoodand the associated consequences. According tothe Departmentof HomelandSecurity, “Risk”is the pointwhere assets,threats, andvulnerabilitiesconverge.

Vulnerability Assessments: a processto; Identify, Quantify, Rank & Prioritize,Specific Vulnerabilities. This is a process that defines and iden-tifies specific threats and weaknesses.It can be holistic; multiple risks or it canbe focused; single vulnerability.

The following are sixteen Critical Infrastructure Sectors.

Chemical Sector: 5 main segments1. Basic Chemicals

2. Specialty Chemicals3. Agricultural Chemicals4. Pharmaceuticals 5. Consumer products.It doesn’t make a difference if you donot have one of these facilities nearyour school, you can still be impactedfrom miles away.Commercial Facilities: 8 subsections1. Public assembly: parks, beach, sta-diums, convention area2. Sports leagues3. Gaming: gambling…Monmouth Park4. Lodging: hotels, motels, B&B5. Outdoor events: fairs, parades,Oceanfest!6. Entertainment & Media: summer con-cert series & cell tower on lower Broad-way7. Real Estate: office and apartmentbuildings, condos, mixed use facilities(Pier Village) and self-storage

Cole Circus

Oceanfest

NJ Marathon

ZombieWalk

Monmouth Park

TrainConcertSea Bright

SpecialOlympics

Communications Sector: Links to thefollowing sectors1. The Energy Sector provides power torun cellular towers and critical commu-nications facilities.2. Information Technology Sector pro-vides critical control systems and serv-ices, physical architecture and internetinfrastructure.3. Financial Services Sector relies oncommunications for transmission oftransactions and operations of financialmarkets.ing the public, and receivingemergency response, alerting the pub-lic, and receiving emergency 911 calls.

4. Emergency Services Sector dependson communications for directing re-sources, coordinating response, alert-ing the public, and receiving emergencyresponse, alerting the public, and re-ceiving emergency 911 calls.This sector is linked to many other sec-tors. What other sectors is the Commu-nication Sector linked to? Are any ofthese sectors near your school? Wehave a JCP&L substation across fromthe bus yard and Verizon has a facilitynear the Clark School.Critical Manufacturing: Critical Indus-try Types1. Primary Mental Manufacturing: Iron& Steel, one facility in Neptune2. Machinery Manufacturing: facility onChelsea Ave, at the tracks.

Dam or Water Treatment Sector: Assets that include1. Dam Projects2. Hydropower3. Locks4. Levees5. Dikes6. Hurricane Barriers7. Water Retention & Control Facilities

NJ American Water Company collapsedwater mains at Swimming River Reser-voir Treatment Center in Tinton Falls.

Defense Industrial Base Sector: USMilitary Weapons, subsystems andcomponents.1. Research2. Development3. Design4. Production5. Delivery 6.MaintenanceOkay, we have Earl Naval WeaponsStation near us, but we have no ideawho the private vendors are that get onthe base. Joint Base, McGuire – Dix – Lakehurstlocated in Ocean County, had a car withfour men (who did not know each other)with Texas registration found outsideone of the gates. Suspicious?

Emergency Services Sector: 1. Law Enforcement2. Fire and Emergency Services3. Emergency Management4. Emergency Medical Services5.Public WorksHow close is City Hall located to yourschool, or the nearest fire house? Emergency Services Sector: Emergency Service Capabilities 1. Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)2. Search & Rescue (SAR)3. Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)4. Special Weapons & Tactics (SWAT)

5. Aviation Units6. Public Safety Answering PointsEnergy Sector: 3 Inter-relational seg-ments:1. Electrical2. Petroleum3. Natural GasAcross from our transportation yard onWest End Ave is a JCP&L substation. Natural gas lines, do you know where itcomes into your building?

Financial Services Sector: World-Wide Customer Services1. Deposit funds and make payments toother parties 2. Provide credit and liquidity to cus-tomers3. Invest funds for both long and shortperiods4. Transfer financial risks between cus-tomersI know everyone reading this has atleast one local bank in the area thatthey use. Consider the services and re-lationships that banks have with cus-tomers, businesses and couriers. Food & Agriculture Sector1. Farms, Restaurants, Food Manufac-turing2. Strongly Dependent Upon:

a. Water and Wastewater Systems,for clean irrigation and processed water.

b. Transportation Systems, for move-ment of products and livestock.

c. Energy, to power the equipmentneeded for agriculture production andfood processing. Government Facilities Sector: Ownedor leased Federal, State, County, andlocal governments.a. Government & Military Buildingsb. Educational Facilitiesc. National MonumentsDoes anyone have a Vulnerability As-sessment for their government andschool buildings? Healthcare & Public Health Sector.a. Hospitals & Health Careb. Impacts all sectorsc. Dependent upon the other sectorsd. Protects from the following hazards:

1. Terrorism2. Infectious Disease3. Natural Disasters

Do you recall the April 10, 2014 explo-sion at University Medical Center ofPrinceton? Employeels, patients, andvisitors were all impacted by such anevent.

Information Technology: Essential tothe Nation’s:a. Securityb. Economyc. Public Healthd. Public Safety

Consider for a moment how countriesnow actively attempt to launch cyber-at-tacks against their enemies or competi-tors. On April 8, it was announced thatRussia had successfully hacked into theWhite House computers! Nuclear Sectora. Reactors, Materials & Waste Prod-uctsb. Power PlantsNon-Power Nuclear Research, Testing& Training Manufacturingc. Transportation, Storage and Disposalof Radioactive Waste.While we might conventionally thinkabout this sector in terms of nuclarpower plants or military installations,consider the radioactive waste in med-ical facilities, research labs, and otherfacilities that may utilize lower levels ofradioactive materials.Transportation Sector: 7 Subsections1. Aviation2. Highway Infrastructure3. Maritime4. Mass Transit5. Pipeline Systems6. Freight Rail7. Postal & ShippingHow often do we consider these areaswhen we conduct our table top exer-cises?

NJ Trainsit Railyard in Long Branch

Water & Wastewater Systemsa. Water & Wastewater Treatmentb. Vulnerable to Contaminationc. Deadly Agentsd. Physical Attackse. Toxic Gassesf. Chemicalsg. Cyber Attacks

NEXT ISSUE WE WILL CONTINUEWITH MORE ON RISK ASSESSMENT

Mom claims teacher’s lessonwith graphic pic crossed the

lineApril 7, 2015A former student who claims her historyteacher’s methods were so offensivethey made her physically ill will get asecond shot to prove her case to a jury.In 2007, M. Young was a student atPleasant Valley High School in Pennsyl-vania. She was enrolled in teacherBruce H. Smith’s 20th century historyclass.

Young complained about Smith’s teach-ing methods, saying they were degrad-ing to women.Debasing ‘lessons’ made studentqueasyShe told the principal things had gottenso bad that she felt uncomfortable andnauseous right before and duringSmith’s class.Offering specific examples, Youngclaimed Smith:1. said women were unfit to becomepresident of the country due to their“monthly visitor”2. showed nude pictures of Sharon Tate(an actress murdered by Charles Man-son) to illustrate the “undercurrent of thehippies,” and3. used photos of Victoria’s Secret mod-els to symbolize the beauty ideal of the1920s – and had the class discusswhether the models’ breasts “were firmenough” to measure up to the “Gibsongirl” standard of the decade.Smith was suspended, but he was laterreinstated. After his return, Smith’steaching methods were monitored byschool administrators.Young and her parents filed suit, claim-ing Smith created a sexually hostile en-vironment in the classroom. The suitalso alleged the district retaliatedagainst Young after she complainedabout Smith.Courts weigh inThe case has a convoluted history.In 2011, a jury returned a verdict against

Smith and the district. Young wasawarded more than $300,000 in dam-ages.But the judge tossed the verdict and or-dered a new trial, saying there wasn’tenough evidence to prove Young’sclaim.The case went back to court in 2013. Asecond trial judge dismissed the hostileenvironment claim against Smith.But the retaliation claim went to trial,where a jury ruled for the school district.Young appealed.

District is off the hook — but theteacher’s not out of the woods yetOn appeal, the Third Circuit affirmed thedecision to dismiss the retaliation claimagainst the district.The court said Young failed to provideevidence that showed she suffered anyretaliatory actions. So that claim failed.But the court reversed the ruling on thehostile environment claim, saying Smithwas not entitled to judgment.The court said a reasonable jury couldfind that Smith created a hostile educa-tional environment, as:1. a class of 16- and 17-year-old stu-dents were regularly subjected to refer-ences to sex and graphic depictions ofnudity and violence that degradedwomen, and2. Young testified she suffered “discom-

fort to the point of nausea” before andduring Smith’s class.“Such a classroom environment couldmake a reasonable female teenagerfeel uncomfortable,” the court ex-plained. For these reasons, a trial isneeded.OCR on ‘hostile environments’Determining what constitutes a “hostileenvironment” can be tricky – as no twosituations are exactly alike.In a recent “Dear Colleague” letter, theOffice for Civil Rights (OCR) addressedhostile environments and explained thatthe conduct must be evaluated from thepoint of view of a reasonable person inthe alleged victim’s position, consider-ing all the circumstances.OCR also stressed the more severe theconduct is, the less need there is toshow a repetitive series of incidents toprove a hostile environment claim. Inserious cases, a single incident can cre-ate a hostile environment, the lettersaid.Young v. Pleasant Valley School Dist.,No. 13-3605, 2015 WL 452362 (3d Cir.02/04/15).

Principal may have droppedthe ball in

harassment investigationApril 8, 2015Did a Washington school do enoughafter a sixth-grade student reported shewas being sexually harassed by hercomputer teacher?

A federal judge found that question re-quires a trial.Student R.P. alleged she felt threatenedand uncomfortable due to teacherDavid Wysen’s inappropriate conduct.She said he:1. made suggestive comments to her2. stared at herin class3. “pinned” herto her computerwith his body,and4. pushed herto the wall withhis body touching hers, “crotch area tocrotch area.”Student tells guidance counselorIn January 2005, R.P. went to the guid-ance counselor and reported Wysen’salleged behaviors. The counselor im-mediately took R.P. to the principal’s of-fice.There, R.P. repeated that she feltthreatened and uncomfortable inWysen’s class due to his actions. Shegave specific examples. The principalcalled R.P.’s mother in for a meeting.R.P.’s mother testified that the principalsaid she’d:1. look into the complaints2. do everything she could to removeR.P. from Wysen’s class3. meet with and warn Wysen, and4. follow up with R.P. and her mother.

After that meeting, the principal calledWysen to the office and asked him if hehad:1. made inappropriate comments to stu-dents, and2. touched students in an inappropriateway.‘Casual follow up’ leads to lawsuitIn the hallway on two separate occa-sions, the principal ran into R.P. andasked how it was going. Both times,R.P. said things had gotten worse andWysen had become more physical.The principal did not ask any questionsor probe for more information.No further action was taken, and R.P.claimed the harassment continued.She sued the district, alleging a viola-tion of Title IX, negligence and negligentinfliction of emotional distress.The district asked the court to dismissthe Title IX claim.It refused.To state a valid Title IX claim, R.P. hadto show harassment based on sex wassevere enough to deprive her of accessto educational opportunities — and theschool knew about the abuse but re-sponded with deliberate indifference.The district argued it didn’t have actualnotice of physical touching, because “atno time did R.P. hint or suggest that Mr.Wysen was engaging in … physical en-counters.”The court said the school defendants“grossly misrepresent[ed] the record,”

pointing at the principal’s meeting withWysen, where she testified that sheasked him if he’d touched any students.That suggested the school had “actualknowledge” of the alleged harassment,the court explained.But the school didn’t take action — suchas removing R.P. from Wysen’s classand following up with R.P. and hermother in a thorough manner — to rem-edy the alleged problem.The district failed to show that it re-sponded swiftly and reasonably, so atrial was needed.R.P. v. Seattle School Dist., No. C13-2218 MJP, 2015 WL 418001 (W.D.Wash. 1/20/15).

Guns at school: 10 recent incidents

Here are 10 more situations involvingweapons on school property.Alabama: An unidentified student wasarrested after bringing a .38-caliberhandgun to Honeysuckle MiddleSchool. School officials heard about theweapon through the grapevine, and anSRO investigated. The weapon wasfound in the boy’s backpack. He facesjuvenile charges. No one was injured inthe incident.

California: A 14-year-old boy was ar-rested at Monte Vista High School afterpolice found a replica handgun anddrugs in his locker. The weapon wasdescribed by police as a “western, old-style handgun.” No injuries were re-ported.Florida: A 13-year-old was arrestedafter police found a .357 Smith & Wes-son firearm, a knife, ammunition, amask and fireworks in his book bag.The search was prompted by a tip. Noone was injured. Charges are pending.Idaho: A 15-year-old student was ar-rested for bringing and brandishing aBB gun at Marsing Middle School. Ac-cording to reports, the student threat-ened other students. He was arrestedand charged with felony aggravated as-sault, misdemeanor possession of afirearm on school grounds and disrup-tion of the educational process. No onewas injured.Michigan: A student was arrested forbringing a BB gun to Swartz Creek HighSchool. The incident happened duringlunch. Another student saw the weaponand notified the principal. The boy wasarrested without incident. No studentswere harmed.Elsewhere in Michigan: Five students— four boys and one girl — facecharges in connection with a gun thatwas fired at Loy Norrix High School.The custodian heard the gunshot andreported it. The school investigated. Abullet casing was found near crackedtile in a boys’ restroom, and the weaponwas found in a 10th-grader’s book bag.The other four students who werecharged tried to help the boy hide theweapon. No one was injured. All fivestudents have been charged with carry-ing a concealed weapon and violating aweapon-free school zone rule.New York: A 12-year-old was arrested

after he allegedly shot two 14-year-oldclassmates with a BB gun at East HighSchool. Both victims were shot in thetorso. One was treated by a schoolnurse, while the other had to be trans-ported to a nearby hospital.

San Antonio: An 18-year-old studentwas arrested after he allegedly shotthree classmates with a BB gun in thelocker room at Judson High School.The victims suffered superficial injuriesand were treated by a school nurse.Witnesses to the shooting notified thecoach, who called police. Two BB gunswere recovered — one was the weaponfired and another was hidden in the stu-dent’s backpack. The school sent anemail and robo calls to parents.Elsewhere in Texas: A mother was ar-rested after she pointed a gun at aPasadena High School student. Accord-ing to reports, the woman’s daughterand the student were fighting across thestreet from the school when the womanbrandished the weapon. Witnesses toldschool officials what was happening,and police came and arrested thewoman. The school sent a letter to par-ents about the incident.Virginia: A 17-year-old has been ar-rested for having a pellet gun in thewoods behind Manassas Park Elemen-tary School. The student already facesa charge of disorderly conduct and alsomay face another — felony brandishingon school property. No one was injuredin the incident.

‘Drop it!’ Court issues sterncommand in service dog caseApril 6, 2015A school’s policies and procedures onservice dogs violated Title II of theAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA),a Florida federal court held.A.M. is enrolled at Nob Hill ElementarySchool. He has cerebral palsy andseizures. A.M.’s mom got a trainedservice dog for him.Dog’s allowed – with stipulationsThe district said the animal would be al-lowed at school if A.M.’s mom:1. paid for liability insurance to cover thedog and listed the district as an insured party, as per district policy2. provided documentation for the dog’svaccinations as per district’s policy,which exceeded state-law require-ments, and3. provided a handler for the dog.A.M.’s mother sued, claiming the dis-trict’s policies violated the ADA and itsfailure to provide reasonable accommo-dations was discriminatory.At trial, the court looked at the district’spolicy alongside the Title II regs regard-ing service dogs and held:* the liability insurance requirement vi-olated the ADA because those costswere “over and above what other stu-dents” pay for school fees*the vaccination requirement was dis-criminatory, as it exceeded state law re-garding the regulation of animals

permitted at school, and* the requirement for a separate handlerviolated the ADA, as Title II regs clearly“permit tethering [to a wheel chair] ashandling.”The district argued A.M. couldn’t act asthe dog’s handler because he couldn’ttake the dog outside to take care of itsbusiness unsupervised. It notedschools aren’t responsible for the careand supervision of service dogs.The court rejected that argument, ex-plaining “care and supervision” entailsmuch more – feeding, training, groom-ing – than just relief breaks.A reasonable accommodation would beto have a staffer go outside with A.M.,the court explained.So the school must allow the dog —and drop the tacked-on requirements.(Alboniga v. School Board of BrowardCounty Florida, No. 14-CIV-60085-BLOOM/Valle, 2015 WL 541751 (S.D.Fla. 2/10/15).

5 men break into school,threaten staff member, steal

her carApril 6, 2015Omaha.comBy Jay Withrow & Julie AndersonA group of men broke into OPS’s Inte-grated Learning Center on Sundayevening, threatened a 65-year-old staffmember with a hammer and stole hercar.The five men took school computersand other electronics from the buildingbefore two of the men entered the

classroom where the staff member wasworking, police said. One of the menthreatened her before the two took herpurse, cellphone, car keys and, ulti-mately, her Honda Fit.Police said the men may have enteredthe building, at 3030 Spaulding St., bybreaking a window.An Omaha Public Schools spokes-woman said the female staff memberwas not injured.The school’s program director sent aletter to families Monday notifying themof the incident. Cleanup began after the5:30 p.m. incident, and classes re-sumed on schedule Monday.The center is an alternative school forstudents who have not been successfulin traditional school settings. It providessmaller class sizes and highly trainedstaff for students in primary as well assecondary grades.In a statement, district officials said theywere thankful that no employees wereharmed in the incident and thanked po-lice officers for their quick response.

High school evacuated whilepolice check out backpack

April 6, 2015azsailysun.comPHOENIX (AP) — Students and staff ata north Phoenix high school spent moreabout two hours in the stands of theschool's football stadium while the Po-lice Department's bomb squad wassummoned to check out a suspiciousbackpack.Sgt. Trent Crump said the backpackfound Monday morning in a bathroom

at Barry Goldwater High School wasfound to contain books.Deer Valley Unified School Districtspokeswoman Monica Allread said theschool has an enrollment of nearly1,800.

Police arrest Manassas teensin gang investigation after

school fight rumorsApril 6, 2015The Washington PostBy Victoria St. MartinAuthorities announced the arrest ofthree Manassas teens Monday, closinga gang investigation at a Prince WilliamCounty middle school that police saidbegan with rumors of a fight involvingweapons.Officer Steven R. Mattos Jr., a depart-ment spokesman, said two 14-year-oldsand a 15-year-old were charged withconspiracy to commit a felony in con-nection with a violent scuffle scheduledlast month at Parkside Middle School.Police and school officials could notconfirm whether the juveniles were stu-dents at the institution.Mattos said investigators discoveredthat a brawl was set to break out at theManassas school March 27. He saiddetectives believe that the fightstemmed from a March 26 altercationbetween two people who knew eachother.Detectives identified the three teenboys, who police said were involved inthe incident and had gang involvement.All three were removed from the schooland were arrested on April 2 and 5, ac-cording to a department release.

In addition to conspiracy to commit afelony, the teens were charged withconspiracy to bring a knife onto schoolproperty and two counts of gang partic-ipation. Police said all three are beingheld at the county’s Juvenile DetentionCenter.Irene Cromer, a Prince William schoolsspokeswoman, said no weapons werefound at the middle school.Cromer added: “We will work with policeand school security to ensure continuedsafety.”

Norwood Police: Teen ShotSchool Bus Carrying Kinder-

gartners With BB GunApril 4, 2015CBS BostonNORWOOD (CBS) – A Norwoodteenager was arrested Friday related toan incident earlier in the week where aschool bus carrying kindergarten stu-dents was shot with a BB gun.On Wednesday, a school bus was shotby a BB gun as it was driving up DeanStreet in Norwood.No students were injured, but the BBcaused damage to a bus window.Initially, officers interviewed three menbetween 17 and 22 years old who saidthey were present when the shot wasfired but denied shooting the bus.Those men did not identify who was re-sponsible.Officers then found a handgun-shapedBB gun in a car that was parked nearby.During their investigation, officers inter-viewed 18-year-old Jancarlo Perez,who lives in the area. While being inter-

viewed, he admitted to shooting thebus, police said.Police continued their investigation intoFriday, and that morning arrestedPerez.He is charged with assault by danger-ous weapon, malicious damage toproperty, and shooting a projectile at aschool bus.Perez was arraigned in Dedham DistrictCourt.

LINKS to other storieshttp://www.newsandtribune.com/news/new-albany-high-school-shoot-i n g - t h r e a t - i n v e s t i g a t i o n -continues/article_037bb4f4-dc74-11e4-a3df-6f78165d4018.htmlhttp://www.chicagotribune.com/sub-urbs/lake-county-news-sun/news/ct-zion-police-shooting-update-met-20150406-story.htmlhttp://www.everythinglubbock.com/story/d/story/lockdown-lifted-at-east-t e x a s - s c h o o l - m o n d a y -mornin/27147/9X69rXJfDkiFqVOaVEJXsghttp://www.wtae.com/news/plum-high-school-resource-officer-or-dered-to-move-schools-after-controversy/32187162http://www.delmartimes.net/news/2015/apr/04/solana-beach-school-dis-trict-security-measures/http://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/Solana-Beach-School-District-To-Have-New-Security-Measures-298678841.html

ADMISTRATIONMichael Salvatore, Ph.D

Superintendent

Alvin L. FreemanAssistant Superintendent

JanetLynn DudickDistrict Administrator for Personnel

Peter E. Genovese IIISchool Business Administrator & Board

Secretary

Nancy L. ValentiAssistant Business Administrator &

Assistant Board Secretary

Roberta FreemanDistrict Administrator for Assessment &

Accountability

Board of EducationJames N. Parnell - James N. Parnell - PresidentPresident

Mary L. George - Mary L. George - Vice PresidentVice President

Lucille M. PerezLucille M. Perez

Avery W. GrantAvery W. Grant

Michele Critelli, Ed.D.Michele Critelli, Ed.D.

Bill DanglerBill Dangler

Armand R. Zambrano, Jr.Armand R. Zambrano, Jr.

Donald C. CovinDonald C. Covin

Rose M. WiddisRose M. Widdis