The Biography of Khaja Moinuddin Chisti (R.A)

7/27/2019 The Biography of Khaja Moinuddin Chisti (R.A)

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THE BIOGRAPHY OF KHAJA MOINUDDIN CHI STI (R.A.)

Sultan-ul-Hind, Moinuddin Chishti ( (Persian ,Urdu: -it)Arabic- Shishti) was born in 1141 and died in 1236 CE. Alsoknown as Gharb Nawz"Benefactor of the Poor" ( ), he is themost famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent.

Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the

subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsilaof the Chishti order in

India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid,

Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of theprevious one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history.

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Contents

Moinuddin Chisht is said to have been born in 536 A.H./1141 CE, in

Chishti in Sistan region of East Persia.[2]

He grew up in Persia. His

parents died when he was fifteen years old. He inherited a windmill andanorchard from his father. During his childhood, young Moinuddin was

different from other children and kept himself busy in prayers and

meditation.Legend has it that once when he was watering his plants, a

revered Sufi,Shaikh Ibrhim Qundz (orKunduzi) -- the name deriving

from his birthplace, Kunduz in Afghanistancame to his orchard.

Young Moinuddin approached him and offered him some fruits. In

return, Sheikh Ibrhm Qundz gave him a piece of bread and asked

him to eat it. TheKhwjagot enlightened and found himself in a strangeworld after eating the bread. After this he disposed of his property and

other belongings and distributed the money to the poor. He renounced

the world and left for Bukhara in search of knowledge and highereducation.

[3]

He became the Murid (disciple) ofUsman Harooni.

JOURNEYS

Moinuddin Chisht visited the seminaries of Samarkand and Bukhara

and acquired religious learning from the eminent scholars of his age. He

visited nearly all the great centres of Muslim culture, and acquainted

himself with almost every important trend in Muslim religious life in the

Middle Ages. He became a disciple of the Chisht saint 'Uthmn Hrn.

They travelled the Middle East extensively together, including visits to

Mecca andMedina.

Journey to India

Moinuddin Chisht turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in

which Prophet Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay in

Lahore,he reachedAjmer along withSultan Shahb-ud-Din Muhammad

Ghori, and settled down there.[4]

In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial
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following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the

city. Moinuddin Chisht practiced the Sufi Sulh-e-Kul (peace to all)

concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims.

Establishing the Chisht order in India

The Chisht order was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) in

Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western

Afghanistan.[5]

Moinuddin Chishti established the order in India, in the

city of Ajmer in North India.

Moinuddin Chishti apparently never wrote down his teachings in the

form of a book, nor did his immediate disciples, but the central

principles that became characteristics of the Chisht order in India arebased on his teachings and practices. They lay stress on renunciation of

material goods; strict regime of self-discipline and personal prayer;

participation in Sam'as a legitimate means to spiritual transformation;

reliance on either cultivation or unsolicited offerings as a means of basic

subsistence; independence from the rulers and the state, including

rejection of money and land grants; generosity to others, particularly,

through sharing of food and wealth, and tolerance and respect for

religious differences.

He, in other words, interpreted religion in terms of human service and

exhorted his disciples "to develop river-like generosity, sun-like

affection and earth-like hospitality." The highest form of devotion,

according to him, was "to redress the misery of those in distress tofulfil the needs of the helpless and to feed the hungry."

It was during the reign of Emperor Akbar (15561605) that Ajmer

emerged as one of the most important centres of pilgrimage in India. TheMughal Emperor undertook an unceremonial journey on foot to

accomplish his wish to reach Ajmer. The Akbarnmah records that the

Emperor's interest first sparked when he heard some minstrels singing

songs about the virtues of the Wal (Friend of God) who lay asleep in

Ajmer.
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Moinuddin Chisht authored several books includingAns al-ArwandDall al-'rifn, both of which deal with the Islamic code of living.

Qubuddn Baktiyr Kk (d. 1235) and amduddn Nagor (d. 1276)

were Moinuddin Chisht's celebrated Khalfas or successors whocontinued to transmit the teachings of their master through their

disciples, leading to the widespread proliferation of the Chisht Order in

India.

Among Qubuddn Baktiyr's prominent disciples was Farduddn Ganj-i-Shakar (d. 1265), whose dargh is in Pakpattan, Pakistan. The

Fariduddin's most famous disciple was Nizmuddn Auliy' (d. 1325)

popularly referred to as Mahbb-e-Ilh (God's beloved), whose dargh

is located in South Delhi. Equally famous was his other disciple Ali

Ahmed Alauddin Sabir whose dargah is in Kalyar Sharif. The Sabiri

Silsila is spread far and wide in India and Pakistan and to this day

devotees and their descendants add the title of Sabri to their names

From Delhi, disciples branched out to establish darghs in several

regions of South Asia, from Sindh in the west toBengal in the east, and

theDeccan in the south. But from all the network of Chisht darghs the

Ajmer dargh took on the special distinction of being the 'mother' dargahof them all.

Main article:Dargah Sharif

The dargah (shrine) of Chisti, known as Dargah Sharif or Ajmer Sharif

is an international wakf (endowment), managed under the 'Dargah

Khwaja Saheb Act, 1955' of Government of India. The DargahCommittee, appointed by the Government, manages donations, takes

care of the maintenance of the shrine, and runs charitable institutions

like dispensaries, and guest houses for the devotees.[6]

The dargah,

which is visited by Muslim pilgrims as well as Hindus and Sikhsas a

symbol of intercommunal harmony.
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In popular culture[edit]

His poetry in praise of Imam Hussein ibn Ali is well known, specially

the following verse:

Shah Ast Hussein Badshah Ast Hussein

Ruler is Hussain, Emperor is Hussain

Deen Ast Hussein Deen Panah Ast Hussein

Faith is Hussain , guardian of faith is Hussain

Sar dad na daad dast dar dast e yazeed

Offered his head and not the hand to Yazid

Haqaaq e Binaa e Laa iLaha Ast Hussein

Indeed, Hussain is the foundation of La-ilah(the declaration that none

but ALLAH is Absolute and Almighty)

The song "Khwaja Mere Khwaja" from the Hindi film Jodhaa Akbarwas inspired by the life and deeds of Moinuddin Chishti.

Sufis of the Chishtorder

He had more than one thousand khalfas and hundreds of thousands of

disciples. Sufis of different orders became his disciples and took ijzah

from him. Among the famous Sufis who trace their lineage to him are:

Qubuddn Bakhtiyr Kk, Farduddn Mas'd,Nizmuddn Auliy',Hazrat Ahmed Alauddin Sabir Kalyari Amir Khusrau, Nasiruddin

Chiragh Dehlavi,Muhammad Hussain-i Gisdarz Bandanawz,Ashraf

Jahngr SimnnandA' Hussain Fn.

Ruknuddin Muhammad Farrukh Chishti (Present Sajjada Nashin)
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Today, hundreds of thousands of people Muslims, Hindus and others,

from the Indian sub-continent, and from other parts of the world

assemble at his tomb on the occasion of his'urs (death anniversary).

An outside view of the Maqbara

Spiritual lineage

1. 'Al ibn Ab lib2.Al-asan al-Bar3. 'Abdul Wid Bin Zaid Abul Fal4.Fuayll ibn 'IyBin Mas'd Bin Bishr al-Tamm5. Ibrhm bin Adham6.udhayfah al-Mar'ash7.Amnuddn Ab ubayrah al-Bar8.Mumshd Dnwar

Start of the Chisht Order

1. [Adul-Ishaq Shami Chisti Khadas-AllahSirrahu]2. [Aludi-Noori Khadas-AllahSirrahu]3. [Abi Ahmed KhadShe-Naafa Khadas-AllahSirrahu]4.Ab Ysuf bin Sam'n al-usayn5.Maudd Chisht6.Sharf Zandn7. 'Uthmn Hrn
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8. [ Muneeruddin Haji Shareef Zandani Khadas-AllahSirrahu]9. [Qutubuddin Yusuf Chisti Khadas-AllahSirrahu]10. Moinuddin Chishti

Others buried in the Maqbara enclosure

The famous Mughal generals Sheikh Mr and Shhnawz Khn were

buried in the enclosure of Moinuddin Chisht's Maqbara after they died

in the Battle of Deorai in 1659. Shhnawz Khn was the Emperor

Aurangzeb's father-in-law.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life

When Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin was born (536AD) at Chishty inSistan, which is also known as Sajistan, East Persia. The peace of the

Muslim world was horribly disturbed. Sistan and its surrounding lands

were experiencing unprecedented bloodshed and plunder at the hands

of barbarous Tartars and other rebels. These intruders had taken

advantage of the weak government of Sultan Sanjar. The life and

honour of the people were in constant danger. The wild Tartars had

completely destroyed the follower of the Muslim nation. They

outraged humanity practically in all the centres of the 600-year oldMuslim civilisation and culture.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Migration To

Neshapur

Due to these intermittent political disturbances in sistan, khawaja

Ghiyasuddin Hasan, father of khawaja Muinuddin, one day decided to

pack up and leave Sistan for a safer place. He migrated with his

family to Neshapur the Capital city, which was one of the mostflourishing cities in those days. It was a great centre of intellectual and

economic activities and possessed the famous "Nizamia" university

with a precious library that contained a rare collection of Original

literature. There lived learned Ulama and reputed Sufis who imparted

knowledge in moral and spiritual enlightenment to scholars drawn
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from far and near. There lived physicians and artists of rare

qualifications. There were rich gardens and canals with flourishing

agricultural fields. One of the suburbs was called Rewand which was

famous for its grape orchards. It is recorded that khawaja Ghiyasuddin

Hasan bought an orchard with a windmill in this vicinity to settledown for a peaceful life.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > No Peace Of Mind

"Man proposes but God disposes" is an old saying. The peace in

search of which Khawaja Ghiyasuddin Hasan had migrated to

Neshapur was not to be had even in this great city. Here too the people

were hanging in a terrible suspense between life and death. The braveSultan Sanjar had been fighting the Tartars at the border to check

them for a long time without success. Due to his prolonged absence

from the capital, his administrative machinery was showing signs of

disintegration. Internally, the Fidayees of the 'Qarmti' and 'Baatini'

sects (one of whose members had already murdered the able Wazeer

Nizamul Mulk) had also come out of their hideouts and were roaming

about the country unabated, spreading wild fire of rebellion all round.

These armed hordes were busy in wholesale plunder and massacre of

the innocent people.

These awe-inspiring events had a very deep impression on the mind of

the young Khawaja Muinuddin who was watching the whole

barbarous drama objectively at his impressionable young age.

The 'Qarmti' and Baatani' intriguers had carried centuries old grudge

against the Hanafi Muslims who held both temporal and spiritual

powers in succession for more than 500 years after the death of the

Holy Prophet (May peace of God be on him). Although it was an age-

old grudge but. As Islamic history shows they utterly failed in all their

designs to destroy their rivals. Islam has survived many vicissitudes of

history and Quran has promised its survival up to the last Day-of-

Judgment.


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Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Defeat Of Sultan

In spite of all his best efforts to turn out the invaders from his country

and to control the internal rebels, Sultan Sanjar unfortunately could

not succeed. He was engulfed in mutual wars between himself and hisunfaithful brothers on the one hand, and the Fidayees and barbarous

Tartars on the other. It was indeed a terrible situation for him, yet they

fought the forces of evil to the bitter end though he was ultimately

defeated and had to run for his life.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > General Massacre

After the defeat of Sultan Sanjar, the invaders had a free hand toplunder every town in Khorasan. Flourishing fields were destroyed,

cities were razed to the ground, inhabitants, Ulama and Sufis were

mercilessly murdered honour of the woman was brutally outraged,

girls and boys were taken as salves mosques, hospitals and the historic

educational institutions were destroyed.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Destruction Of

Neshapur

When the news of this terrible destruction reached the defeated sultan,

he once more summed up his courage and collected his shattered army

to save his country. But Sultan Sanjar was born under most unlucky

stars and his luck once more betrayed him. He failed to check the

invaders and this time he was arrested. When this bad news reached

Neshapur, the capital was plunged into indescribable grief. It was now

at the mercy of the enemy. The invaders entered Khorasan and

destroyed the cities of Tus and Mashhed, reaching Neshapur like asweeping storm. Everything was destroyed leaving this once

flourishing city of Islamic culture and learning into a heap of rubbleand ruin.


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Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Death Of Khawaja's

Parents

Khawaja Muinuddin again saw all this ghastly drama at his early age.

But this was not all for him. Just at this time he lost his dear father(551 AD) and the worst part of it was that he had already lost his dear

mother too. The young orphan was now left all alone to take care of

himself in a world full of hate, murder and greed. Although by virtue

of legacy he had enough material resources to sustain himself in his

traditional standard of life but the sack of Neshapur coupled with the

death of his dear parents plunged him into deep thinking. At times he

was over whelmed with grief and saw a very vague picture of this

terrible world though he bore it out with courage and exemplaryforbearance. He was a hard working youth and looked after his

orchard, personally trimming and watering the plants with his own

hands.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Yet Another Shock

Hardly a year had passed after the death of Khawaja Muinuddin's

father, when the mischievous Tartars once more ransacked Khorasan

and repeated the same bloody drama of murder arson and loot. Thistime Sultan Mahmood, one of the brothers of Sultan Sanjar, came

forward to check the invaders but he too failed to rout them. Neshapur

was again the scene of the same ghastly tragedies. And once more

Khawaja Muinuddin was overwhelmingly dismayed to see these

scenes of terrible devastation. He often plunged himself into deeper

thoughts about these ugly events in order to try to come to some

definite conclusion about his own future course of life. The thought of

helping the helpless humanity against all such persistent pillagealways tormented his tender heart. Yet they could not come to any

definite conclusion

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Destined For A

Sacred Mission


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As helpless human beings, we can never understand the will of the

Almighty God. Should we surmise that by exhibiting these tragedies

perhaps God Almighty meant to show Khawaja Muinuddin the sins of

this wretched world in order to prepare him for a mighty divinemission of reform and peace for the mankind? As it will be seen later

on that Heavenly Father did mean this for which He enlightened the

mind of the young Khawaja quite unexpectedly. Whenever injustice,

oppression and greed reigned supreme in this world, God has always

been merciful to mankind by sending His saviours to fight the satanic

forces and put the people on the path of righteousness and mutual

love.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib's

Genealogy And Childhood

Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin Chishty was one of the descendants of the

illustrious family of Hazrat Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of the Holy

Prophet Mohammed (May peace of God be on him). His father Syed

Ghiyasuddin Hasan was a very pious personality and a well to do and

influential gentleman. His mother, Syeda Bibi Ummul-wara alias Babi

Mah-e-Noor was the daughter of Syed Daud. While Khawaja

Muinuddin's paternal genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Husain,

the younger son of Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu, his maternal

genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Hasan, the elder son of Hazrat

Ali.

Childhood

According to historians, Khwaja Muinuddin Chishty even during his

childhood gave early promise of his rare piety and sacrifice for others.

Whenever any woman with a baby came to see his mother and if the

baby cried for feeding,"the infant saint of the future" used to make a

sign to his mother to feed the crying baby from her own breast. When


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his mother did this, the spectacle pleased the little Muinuddin very

much. At the age of 3 or 4 he used to share his own food with his

playmates.

Once he was going to Idgah for the Id prayers in rich clothes. On theway he saw a blind boy in rags. He pitied the boy so much that he at

once gave him some of his own clothes and led him to Idgah with all

due affection.

Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib's

Genealogy

Paternal Genealogy

Khawaja Muinuddin Hasan Chishty, son of Khawaja Syed

Ghyasuddin Hasan, son of Syed Ahmed Muddin Tahir, son of Syed

Khawaja Abdul Aziz Husain, son of Syed Imam Mohammed Mehdi,

son of Syed Imam Hasan Askari, son of Imam Ali Naqi, son of Syed

Imam Mohammed Taqi, son of Imam Ali Musi Raza, son of Imam

Musi Kazim Raza, son of Imam Mohammed Jafar Sadiq, son of Imam

Mohammed Baqar, son of Hazrat Syed Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, son ofSyed-UL-Shohoda Syed Imam Husain, son of Amir-ul-Momineen

Hazrat Ali, son-in-law of the Holy Prophet Mohammed.

Maternal Genealogy

Syeda Bidi Mah-e-Noor, daughter of Syed Daud, son of Hazrat

Abdulla, son of Syed Zahid, son of Syed Mooris, son of Syed Daud I,

son of Syedna Moosa, son of Syedna Abdulla Mahaz, son of SyednaHasan Musa, son of Syedna Hazrat Imam Hasan, son of Syedna

Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu.

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Documents

The Biography of Khaja Moinuddin Chisti (R.A)