The The

Bill of Bill of RightsRights

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of RightsThe first 10 amendments The first 10 amendments

to the Constitutionto the ConstitutionProposed by James Proposed by James

Madison in 1789Madison in 1789Adopted in 1791Adopted in 1791

Amendment I: Freedom of Amendment I: Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Rights Religion, Speech, Press, Rights

to Assembly and Petitionto Assembly and Petition

Congress shall make no law respecting Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of the government for a redress of grievances. grievances.

Govt cannot establish an Govt cannot establish an official religionofficial religion

You can practice whatever You can practice whatever religion you wishreligion you wish

Freedom to express opinions Freedom to express opinions through speech or the pressthrough speech or the press

People can hold meetings to People can hold meetings to discuss public issuesdiscuss public issues

People can ask govt to People can ask govt to correct a wrongful situationcorrect a wrongful situation

Limits to free speechLimits to free speech

SlanderSlander: Spoken lies that damage : Spoken lies that damage another person’s reputation.another person’s reputation.

LibelLibel: Published or written lies : Published or written lies that damage another person’s that damage another person’s reputation.reputation.

Also…saying or printing things that Also…saying or printing things that endanger the public or the nation.endanger the public or the nation.

Amendment II: Right to Amendment II: Right to Bear ArmsBear Arms

A well regulated militia, A well regulated militia, being necessary to the being necessary to the security of a free state, the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not and bear arms, shall not be infringed. be infringed.

Yes, the people do have a right Yes, the people do have a right to “bear arms” but these rights to “bear arms” but these rights can be limited by the govt.can be limited by the govt.

Private citizens cannot own Private citizens cannot own certain types of weapons.certain types of weapons.

Anyone with a criminal record Anyone with a criminal record cannot be licensed to own a cannot be licensed to own a gun.gun.

Amendment III: Keeping Amendment III: Keeping Troops in Private HomesTroops in Private Homes

No soldier shall, in time of No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any peace be quartered in any house, without the consent house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. be prescribed by law.

Relevant during the colonial Relevant during the colonial era, when British troops were era, when British troops were often quartered or housed in often quartered or housed in the homes of the colonists.the homes of the colonists.

Is this amendment still needed Is this amendment still needed today? Why or why not?today? Why or why not?

Amendment IV: Search and Amendment IV: Search and SeizureSeizure

The right of the people to be secure in The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. and the persons or things to be seized.

Protects right to privacyProtects right to privacy A A search warrantsearch warrant, issued by a , issued by a

judge, is required to search judge, is required to search someone’s home or belongingssomeone’s home or belongings

Law officers must show Law officers must show probable probable causecause to get a search warrant, to get a search warrant, meaning that they must convince the meaning that they must convince the judge that the search could uncover judge that the search could uncover evidence of a crimeevidence of a crime

Evidence discovered w/out a search Evidence discovered w/out a search warrant is inadmissible in courtwarrant is inadmissible in court

Amendment V: Rights of Amendment V: Rights of Persons Accused of a CrimePersons Accused of a Crime

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. just compensation.

Right to “plead the 5Right to “plead the 5thth” or not testify ” or not testify against yourselfagainst yourself

A A grand jurygrand jury must indict you before you must indict you before you can be tried for a major crimecan be tried for a major crime

Protection from Protection from double jeopardydouble jeopardy (you (you cannot be tried for the same crime cannot be tried for the same crime twice)twice)

No one can be imprisoned, executed, or No one can be imprisoned, executed, or have property taken away without have property taken away without due due processprocess

Limits Limits eminent domaineminent domain, the power of , the power of the govt to take your property for public the govt to take your property for public useuse

I plead the fiff!!I plead the fiff!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rissm5YHJQg

Amendment VI: Right to a Amendment VI: Right to a Fair and Speedy TrialFair and Speedy Trial

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. defense.

Defendant cannot be held for Defendant cannot be held for very long before his or her very long before his or her trialtrial

Right to a fair juryRight to a fair juryThe trial must be publicThe trial must be publicDefendant can call in Defendant can call in

witnesses on his or her behalfwitnesses on his or her behalfRight to representation by a Right to representation by a

lawyerlawyer

Amendment VII: Trial by Amendment VII: Trial by Jury in Civil SuitsJury in Civil Suits

In suits at common law, where the In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to United States, than according to the rules of the common law. the rules of the common law.

Amendment VIII: Bail and Amendment VIII: Bail and PunishmentPunishment

Excessive bail shall not be Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments and unusual punishments inflicted. inflicted.

Amendment IX: Powers Amendment IX: Powers Reserved to the PeopleReserved to the People

The enumeration in the The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be rights, shall not be construed to deny or construed to deny or disparage others retained disparage others retained by the people. by the people.

Amendment X: Powers Amendment X: Powers Reserved to the StatesReserved to the States

The powers not delegated The powers not delegated to the United States by the to the United States by the Constitution, nor Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to states respectively, or to the people. the people.