The Big BangThe Big Bang

Sam Tipton

Justin Matteri

Jordan Stone

Physics 4D Y. Ataiiyan May 4, 2006

What is the Big BangWhat is the Big Bang

All matter of Universe emerged from single dense hot state

Combination of Cosmological Principals and general Relativity

13.7 Billion years ago Giant ball of matter

(Nucleosynthesis), Alpher-Bethe-Gamow(1946)

Hubble’s Law (1929) Red Shift

Supportive EvidenceSupportive Evidence

Abundance of Lighter Elements: Li, H, He, Be

Cosmic Radiation

-Cosmic Microwave Background

-Proposed 1948 Gamow-Alpher

-Proved 1965 Bell Lab Universe Expanding (Red Shift)

TimingTiming

http://www.okcu.edu/astronomy/Tutorial/Cosmology.htm

TimingTiming

http://www.hayadan.org.il/BuildaGate4/portals/hayadan/imagesP/sub36/368744087-L-big-bang-theory.jpg

RHIC FacilityRHIC Facility

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider2-3.7km RingsBRAHMS, PHOBOS, STAR, PHENIXGas filled detectorGold and other heavy nuclei to 0.99999CTests Quantum Chromo dynamics (QCD)Temps up into the Trillions of degrees

Gas Detector at STARGas Detector at STAR

RHIC DiscoveriesRHIC DiscoveriesMini Bangs at 20,000 GeV1030 atm and T=5*1015 C15 Times energy needed to free quarkResulting pattern shows fluid like versus

gas like. Performs with almost no viscosity.

In the FutureIn the Future

Tracking heavier charm and Beauty quarksNext step at CERN’s LHC (Large Hadron

Collider) in 2008Uses lead nuclei at 106 GeVWill produce temperatures of over 10

Trillion degreesUses ALICE detector, with technology from

PHENIX and STAR detectors

ReferencesReferences

Foundations of Big Bang Cosmology:WMAP Cosmology 101: http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb2.html

Riodan,Michael and Zajc, William a. “The First Few Microseconds,” Scientific American: May 2006

Wikipedia:Big Bang Theory: www.wikipedia.org/big_bang/article Thornton, Stephan T. and Rex, Andrew. Modern Physics for scientists

and engineers, Thomson 2006 RHIC Homepage: www.bnl.gov/RHIC/ RHIC animations: www.phenix.bnl.gov/WWW/software/luxor/ani/ “What have we learned from the relativistic heavy ion collider?

Thomas Ludlam and Larry McLerran in Physics Today, Vol. 56, No 10, Pages 48-54: October 2003