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THE BENEFITS
OF SINGLE-STREAM RECYCLINGCalifornia Integrated Waste Management
Board
California Roundtable
Single-Stream Recycling
May 23, 2005
Sacramento, CA
Today’s Topics
Diversion is King
Safety as a Key Driver
Efficiencies and Economic Benefits
Processing Challenges
WM/RAA in California
WM/RAA is California’s largest recycler of MSW
WM/RAA operates approximately 24 Recycling facilities in California
Of those 11 do Single Stream processing
RAA Markets over 500,000 tons per year from California not including glass
WM/RAA has invested over $25 Million in SS technology in California
A vast majority of our residential recycling customers are serviced with single stream collection
Where We Process SS
• Edmonton, Alberta (9/01)• Edmonton, Alberta (9/01)• Cleveland, OH (1/01)• Dayton, OH (9/02)• York, PA (2/02)• Lake County, IL (3/03)• Minneapolis, MN (2/02)• Birmingham, AL (2/02)• Tucson, AZ (10/02)• Santa Maria, CA (6/03)• San Leandro, CA (1998)• Raleigh, NC (1/03)• Visalia, CA (prior 2000)• Napa, CA (2003)• Carson, CA• Pico Rivera, CA• Los Angeles, CA
• Gardena, CA• Phoenix, AZ (1/97)• Santa Rosa, CA (9/01)• Lodi, CA (7/02)• Castroville, CA (8/02)• Binghamton, NY (9/02)• Liverpool, NY (12/02)• Columbus, OH (10/02)• Woodinville, WA (7/03)• Chicago, IL (7/04)• Orlando, FL (planned)• Salt Lake City, UT (4/03)• Jackson, MS (2/04)• Rogers, AR (7/95)
Since Passage of AB 939Diversion is King
• Residential Historic - 25% recycling / 75% disposal
Current Goals - 75% recycling / 25% disposal
• Commercial Historic - Grade Specific (OCC, SWL, SOP)
Current - Grade Indifferent – Commercial Single Stream Processing
Diversion is King
Higher participation rates (participation rates)
– convenience
– simplicity (potentially fewer restricted materials)
Higher recovery rates (lbs/hh/mo)
– higher participation
– more materials in programs
– reduced scavenging
Diversion is King
•What do our numbers show? Based on a survey of California managers
we estimate 20-30% increase in volume after switching to SS
Northwest USA- Tons collected in Skagit and Snomish
County (125,000 HH’s) show tonnage increases of between 7 and 36% after converting to SS
Diversion is King
•What do others numbers show? Dallas, Tx (pilot program)
- 6 lbs/HH/Mo vs 54 lbs/HH/Mo- 25% participation vs 74% participation
Brooklyn Park & Hennepin Recycling Group (41,000 HH)- BP 40 lbs/HH/Mo vs 49 lbs/HH/Mo- BP 46% participation vs 72% participation- HRG 36 lbs/HH/Mo vs 47 lbs/HH/Mo- HRG 50% participation vs 71% participation
Safety is Key Driver
Key Concerns–Safety of our workers–MSW workers – third deadliest occupation in Florida (1993-1997)
–Almost 50% of all MSW workers might expect to suffer muscoskeletal or dermal injuries each year
Safety is Key Driver
Reduced collection safety risks (twisting, sprains, cuts, etc.)
+ Reduced MRF safety risks (cuts, etc.) + Reduced TRIR (both collection and processing) + Reduced employee turnover = Lower workmen’s comp costs
Efficiencies and Economies
Optimize fleet utility — Increase payloads— Reduce drive-times
Improve safety
Increase opportunities — Commercial Single Stream— Multi-family
Efficiencies and Economies
• MRF Equipment Capital intensive ($1MM to $6MM for
equip) Increase production (30 – 40 tph
throughput) Auto-assist separation (screening, optical)
•MRF Operation Improve safety (TRIR reduction) Improve presentation of material for
sorters Improve flexibility & market access
Processing Challenges
Increased residue levels
• Typical 2-stream MRF has about 4% residue (blended value of fiber and container residue)
• Typical single stream MRF has 6-8% residue
• What we are doing: can reduce to less than 4 % with no sort glass and no sort plastic
technologies
Glass breakage
• Typical commingled containers has 50-60% glass breakage
• Typical single stream has 60-90% depending on vehicle and compaction ratios
• What we are doing: can minimize effect with optical sorting and better screening
Quality control of collected materials in fully automated routes
• What we are doing: Use manual or semi-automated routes and using route checkers
Processing Challenges
“The quality of the product going to market. We’ve got to make
sure that what’s going into the bales is meeting the specs of the mills.”
RAA President Pat DeRueda at Waste Expo commenting on
the biggest challenges recycling faces.
Summary of Benefits
Increased diversion through improved participation & lbs. per set-out
Reduce unit costs (time per stop, trucks on street, & processing costs per ton)
Greater employee safety
Improve aesthetics & convenience
Making residential recycling economical and sustainable
“Securing” and growing the residential fiber stream
Questions & Answers