The Basic In Grammar

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Astriana NH.

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Subject

SentenceVerbal &Nominal SentenceVerb Finite VerbInfinitive VerbConjunctionPrepositionNo and NotAuxiliary Verb

Sentence

• Sentence is an arrangement of words which has enough or perfect meaning at least consist of subject and predicate.

Kinds of Sentence According to predicate

a. Verbal Sentence b. Nominal Sentence

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Verbal &Nominal Sentence• Verbal sentence => Kalimat yang menunjukan

dimana terdapat kata kerja/yang dilakukan.Example :

- He studies in school She - I write a letter He

V+s/es- I walk in the street It

• Nominal Sentence =>Dalam kalimat ini tidak ada sesuatu yang dilakukan.Example :

- She is beautiful- He is hand some

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• Verb => is a word that explains something about subject in the sentence. The function of verb

1. Finite verb2. Infinitive verb

Verb

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Finite Verb

• Finite verb => is limited verb for subject in the sentence. Or the first verb of the sentence without “to”.

Example :- She eats a banana today (simple present s+V1+O)

fV1

- She ate a banana yesterday today (simple past s+V2+O)

fV2

- She has eaten a banana since morning today aux fV3

(Present perfect s+have/has+V3+O)

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Infinitive Verb

• Infinitive verb => is unlimited verb for subject in the sentence. Use “TO” and it can be used as subject, object, adjective, adverb.

N1 N1 I I Example :

- She wants to study to read to write English

fv infv infv infv

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Conjunction• Conjunction => is a word to connect between word

and word. Word an sentence. Sentence and word, sentence and sentence which to be one sentence has the same part of speech.

• The words : are, but, if, before, after, and, than, or, because.

Example :- That is table and chair

n conj n• Sentence and Sentence Example :

- I can buy a book if there a many s p n conj

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Preposition• Preposition => is a word to be put before or in front noun and

pronoun.• The words are :

- Before - For - By - On - While- After - Because of - Without - In Etc.

• Preposition : noun or pronoun become adverb Example :

- Before I go to school I pray - A make a cake for you

Prep n Adv- I come here after sleeping - I kill the dog by

the knife prep n prep n

Adv Adv

- Tina cries because of Amir Adv

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No and Not• No (Adjective) => is a word that qualifies or adds

meaning to noun of pronoun. Example :

- I have no house Not- She has no money noun- I like no you Not- She invites no me at her birthday

Pronoun• Not (Adverb) => is a word that declares or adds

meaning to out of noun or pronoun. (Adj, V, Adv)

Example :- He is not lazy Not + Adj- I don’t know about him Not + V- They aren’t here Not + Adv

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Auxiliary Verb• Kinds of auxiliary verb

1.Auxiliary Verb “to be” : am, is, are, was, were, been.Predicate is out verb (noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb)/p≠v I->am,you,we,

They ->are, He, she, it -> is Example :

- He is a teacher -> Noun - She is beautiful -> Adjective

- This bag is his -> Pronoun - I am here -> Adverb

2.Auxiliary Verb “to do” : do, does, did.Predicate is verb/ p≠v in negative and interrogative sentence. I, you, we, they -> do, He, she, it -> doesExample :

(+) She writes a letter , (-) She doesn’t write a letter , (?) Does she write a letter.

3. Auxiliary Verb “to have” : have, has, had.4. Auxiliary Verb “modals” : can, may, must,

shall, will.BackNext

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