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The BalkansThe Powder Keg of Europe
The Balkan Peninsula
The Balkans/Former Yugoslavia
History (500s) 500s-South Slavs migrate
down the Balkan Peninsula They each set up their own
Kingdom
South Slavs Bulgarians Macedonians Croats Montenegrins Slovenians Serbs
History (1300-1878) Ottoman Empire (Muslims) take over much
of the Balkan states Austria and Hungary ALSO take over some
Balkan states MAIN POINT: The balkan cultures change
every time becoming more and more different with every change of power
Main point The balkan cultures change every time
becoming more and more different with every change of power
Examples: Under Muslim (Ottoman) rule, many Serbs clung to Christianity while many Bosnians converted to Islam.
History (1878) Serbia breaks free from the Ottoman
Empire
On the Eve of WW I (1914)
What was the spark that started WW I
A. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
B. Invasion of France by Austria Hungary
C. Assassination of the President of the US
D. Invasion of England by France
The Black Hand Serbian group VERY Nationalistic A secret society with the intent of reuniting
all South Slavs territories and populations RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WW I
WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND
After WW I With the fall of the
Austro Hungarian Empire at the end of WW I (1918)the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is formed
In 1929, renamed Yugoslavia
Read Communist Rule on page 320
During WW II, who invaded Yugoslavia
A. Germany
B. Russia
C. US
D. Great Britain
The Croats cooperated with the Nazis ordering the massacre of who?
A. Russians
B. Polacks
C. Serbs
D. Jews
After the war a communist leader named Josef Stalin gained control.
A. True
B. False
Tito was a dictator who encouraged the Serbs to kill the Croats.
A. True
B. False
After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics. Which one of the following was NOT a republic of Yugoslavia?A. Bosnia and HerzegovinaB. CroatiaC. MacedoniaD. KosovoE. SerbiaF. SloveniaG. Montenegro
Look at the map on page 322
Bosnia and Herzegovina contains Muslims, Croats and Serbs
A. True
B. False
Croatia only really has Croats living there.
A. True
B. False
There were Six republics in Yugoslavia, how many major culture groups are found there? A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
F. 8
G. 9
JOSIP TITO DIES Tito dies in 1980 The Presidency starts to rotate among
members from all over Yugoslavia
Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic begins to propose the creation of
a Greater Serbia including all Serbian territories (see page 322)
Who do you think would object to this idea?
A. Macedonians
B. Slovenia and Montenegro
C. Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina
D. Serbia
1991…All hell starts to break loose
1991…What happened??? Serbia blocked a Croat from becoming
President Croatia and Slovenia declare their
independence and Serbia invades both republics
UN helps reach a cease fire in June 1992 (Both Croatia and Slovenia remain free)
March 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declare
independence Bosnian Muslims and Croats back the
move but the Bosnian Serbs launched a war to stop it.
The Serbs attempted to destroy all Bosnian Muslims and Croats (Ethnic Cleansing)…more than 200,000 died
1995 US sponsors peace negotiations and a
peace treaty is signed…Bosnia Remains independent
United Streaming- Commander in Chief: Bill Clinton- July 1995, 700,000 killed in Balkan Massacre.
Also…in the 1990s Milosevic wants to wipe out the Albanian
Muslims in Kosovo because of historical ties to that land (Kosovo was a self-governing province)
The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed to fight for the independence of Kosovo. Milosevic begins campaign of ethnic cleansing against Albanians.
1999 NATO starts to bomb Serbia to force them
to stop fighting in Kosovo. Milosevic withdraws and international
officials find horrifying evidence that the Serbs had carried out tortures/massacres.
Fighting eventually stops Vojislav Kostunica is elected to reform and
rebuild Serbia and Montenegro (what was left of Yugoslavia)
Ethnic tensions still uneasy