Introductiontothemodernmodel.notebook

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TheAtomLetskickitoldschool...

JohnDalton

Allmatteriscomposedofverysmallthingswhichhecalledatoms.

Electronsandthenucleuswereunknown.

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J.J.Thomson uPlumPudding

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Neils Bohr

But I was wrong! Theyre more like bees around a hive.

NeilsBohr

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Quantum MechanicalModel of the Atom

Mathematical laws can identify the regions outside of the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found.

These are principle energy levels which are assigned numbers.

Erwin Schrdinger developed a mathematical treatment into which both the wave and particle nature of matter could be incorporated.

Nowthatwegotalittlebitsmarter)

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Characteristicsofthemodel:

theatomhasnodefiniteshapeandthereisnopreciseorbit

electronsarenowthoughttobelocatedonPRINCIPALENERGYLEVELSwhichareassignednumbers

EachenergylevelisdividedintoENERGYSUBLEVELS

EachenergysublevelcorrespondstoanATOMICORBITAL(oftenreferredtoasacloud)

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Quantum Mechanical Model First Quantum Number

nrepresents the principle energy level

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Generally symbolized by n, it denotes the probable distance of the electron from the nucleus. n is also known as the Principle Quantum number or principle energy level number.

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AnATOMICORBITALisaregioninspacewherethereisahighprobabilityoffindinganelectron.

sorbitalsaresphereshaped alwayshave1

porbitalsaredumbbellshaped alwayshave3

dcomplexshapesalwayshave5

fcomplexshapes alwayshave7

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ThewaysinwhichelectronsarearrangedaroundthenucleiofatomsarecalledELECTRONCONFIGURATIONS.Therulesthatgovernthewaytheelectronsfilltheatomicorbitalsare:

1.AUFBAUPRINCIPLEelectronsenterorbitalsofthelowestenergylevelsfirst

2.PAULIEXCLUSIONPRINCIPLEanatomicorbitalmayholdatmosttwoelectrons.Eachmusthaveanoppositespin.

3.HUNDSRULEwhenelectronsoccupyorbitalsofequalenergyoneelectronenterseachorbitaluntilalltheorbitalscontainoneelectronwithparallelspinsbeforefillingtheorbitalswithoppositespins.

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Examples:

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NobleGasConfiguration:

Findthenoblegasthat'sclosesttotheyourelementbutNOTlarger!

Replaceandcomplete.

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AufbauEx:Ar(18)

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Electronconfiguration:

Ar:1s22s22p63s23p6

NobleGasNotation:

[Ar]

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IonCharges

Attachments

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