The Artiodactyla - Arkansas Forest Resources Center 3413 s/WLF 3413...Indian sambar Cervus unicolor Family Cervidae Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis Family Cervidae White-tailed

The ArtiodactylaThe Artiodactyla

DistributionDistribution

Distinguishing characteristicsDistinguishing characteristics

•• Paraxonic limb Paraxonic limb structurestructure


•• Two main types of Two main types of foot structure: a foot structure: a cloven hoof (2 cloven hoof (2 toes) and a toes) and a spreading foot with spreading foot with 4 toes.4 toes.


•• In all cases, the 3In all cases, the 3rdrd and 4and 4thth digits are well digits are well developed, while the 2developed, while the 2ndnd and 5and 5thth are are reduced, vestigial, or absent.reduced, vestigial, or absent.

•• Teeth are variable, but the upper incisors Teeth are variable, but the upper incisors are always reduced or absent.are always reduced or absent.

•• Canines usually small or absent (greatly Canines usually small or absent (greatly enlarged in a few forms).enlarged in a few forms).


•• Two main types of molars: brachyodont Two main types of molars: brachyodont (pigs, peccaries, and hippos) and (pigs, peccaries, and hippos) and hypsodont (camels and some ruminants).hypsodont (camels and some ruminants).

•• Postorbital bar present in all species.Postorbital bar present in all species.

ClassificationClassification

•• Suborder SuiformesSuborder Suiformes

Family Suidae (swine)Family Suidae (swine)

Family Tayassuidae (peccaries)Family Tayassuidae (peccaries)

Family Hippopotamidae (hippos)Family Hippopotamidae (hippos)

Feral pig or hogFeral pig or hogSus scrofaSus scrofa

Family SuidaeFamily Suidae

Wart hog Wart hog PhacochoerusPhacochoerus aethiopicusaethiopicus

Family SuidaeFamily Suidae

Collared peccary Collared peccary Tayassu tajacuTayassu tajacu

Family TayassuidaeFamily Tayassuidae

Hippopotamus Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibeusHippopotamus amphibeus

Family Family HippopotamidaeHippopotamidae

ClassificationClassification•• Suborder TylopodaSuborder Tylopoda

Family Camelidae (camels, llamas, Family Camelidae (camels, llamas, vicuvicuññas)as)

Arabian camel (Dromedary) Arabian camel (Dromedary) Camelus dromedariusCamelus dromedarius

Family CamelidaeFamily Camelidae

Bactrian camel Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianusCamelus bactrianus


LlamaLlamaLama glamaLama glama


VicuVicuñña a Vicugna vicugnaVicugna vicugnaFamily CamelidaeFamily Camelidae

ClassificationClassification•• Suborder RuminantiaSuborder Ruminantia

Family Tragulidae (chevrotains)Family Tragulidae (chevrotains)

Family Moschidae (musk deer)Family Moschidae (musk deer)

Family Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)Family Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi)

Family Cervidae (deer)Family Cervidae (deer)

Family Antilocapridae (pronghorn)Family Antilocapridae (pronghorn)

Family Bovidae (antelope, cattle, sheep, Family Bovidae (antelope, cattle, sheep, goats)goats)

Indian spotted chevrotain Indian spotted chevrotain (mouse deer) (mouse deer)

Tragulus meminnaTragulus meminnaFamily Family TragulidaeTragulidae

The Musk DeerThe Musk DeerMoschus moschiferusMoschus moschiferus

Family MoschidaeFamily Moschidae

Giraffe Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalesGiraffa camelopardales

Family Family GiraffidaeGiraffidae

Okapi Okapi Okapia johnstoniOkapia johnstoniFamily Family GiraffidaeGiraffidae

Axis deerAxis deerCervus axisCervus axis

Family CervidaeFamily Cervidae

Indian muntjac (barking deer) Indian muntjac (barking deer) Muntiacus muntjakMuntiacus muntjak


Caribou (reindeer) Caribou (reindeer) Rangifer tarandusRangifer tarandus

Family CervidaeFamily CervidaeFemale caribou are the only North American female cervids to normally have antlers.

David's deer David's deer Elaphurus davidianusElaphurus davidianus


Fallow deerFallow deerCervus damaCervus dama


Elk (wapiti or red deer) Elk (wapiti or red deer) Cervus elaphasCervus elaphasFamily CervidaeFamily Cervidae

Roe deerRoe deerCapreolus capreolusCapreolus capreolus


Indian sambarIndian sambarCervus unicolorCervus unicolorFamily CervidaeFamily Cervidae

Chinese water deer Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermisHydropotes inermis


WhiteWhite--tailed deer tailed deer Odocoileus virginianusOdocoileus virginianus


Mule deerMule deerOdocoileus hemionusOdocoileus hemionus


Moose Moose Alces alcesAlces alces


Moose are called elk in Moose are called elk in Europe.Europe.

PronghornPronghornAntilocapra americanaAntilocapra americanaFamily AntilocapridaeFamily Antilocapridae

Bucks have a black cheek patch, does don’t.

American bison American bison Bison bisonBison bison

Family BovidaeFamily Bovidae

Plains bison (Bison bison bison)

Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)

Mountain goatMountain goatOreamnos americanusOreamnos americanus


Bighorn and thinhorn sheepBighorn and thinhorn sheep

Bighorn sheep

Thinhorn sheep•Bighorn sheep

•Desert bighorn sheep

•Dall sheep

•Stone sheep

•Barbary sheep

•Blue sheep

Bighorn sheepBighorn sheepOvis canadensis canadensisOvis canadensis canadensis


Desert bighorn sheep Desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis nelsoniOvis canadensis nelsoni


DallDall’’s sheep s sheep Ovis dalli dalliOvis dalli dalliFamily BovidaeFamily Bovidae

Stone sheep Stone sheep Ovis dalli stoneiOvis dalli stoneiFamily BovidaeFamily Bovidae

Barbary sheep (aoudad)Barbary sheep (aoudad)Ammotragus lerviaAmmotragus lervia


Bharal (blue sheep) Bharal (blue sheep) Pseudois nayaurPseudois nayaurFamily BovidaeFamily Bovidae

Musk oxMusk oxOvibos moschatusOvibos moschatus


FourFour--horned antelope horned antelope Tetracerus quadricornisTetracerus quadricornis


Royal antelope Royal antelope Neotragus pygmaeusNeotragus pygmaeus


Sable antelope Sable antelope Hippotragus nigerHippotragus niger


Saiga antelopeSaiga antelopeSaiga tataricaSaiga tataricaFamily BovidaeFamily Bovidae

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The Artiodactyla - Arkansas Forest Resources Center 3413 s/WLF 3413...Indian sambar Cervus unicolor Family Cervidae Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis Family Cervidae White-tailed