Upload
daniella-rosamond-gordon
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Arteries
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu
The Arteries
Characteristics Symmetry In the trunk of the body consist parietal
and visceral branches Shortest possible course
Run on flexor surfaces Usually do not pass directly through
muscles, avoiding compression Together with the veins and nerves in a
sheath of fascia to form neurovascular bundle
Pulmonary trunk
Arises from right ventricle Runs up, back ,and to the left Bifurcates inferior to aortic arch
into right and left pulmonary arteries, one for each lung
Arterial ligament
Remnant of ductus arteriosus A fibrous band that connects bi
furcation of pulmonary trunk with inferior border of aortic arch
Pulmonary Artery
AortaPatent Ductus Arteriosus
Arteries of systemic circulation
★ Aorta
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
T4
Descending aorta
L4
Common iliac a.
Level of second right sternocostal joint
Aorta
Ascending aorta Arises from left ventricle Runs upward, forward and to the right Extends to level of second right sternoc
ostal joint Branches: right and left coronary arteri
es
Aorta
Aortic arch Continuation of ascending aorta Curves upward, to the left and posteriorly, t
hen downward, arching over left principal bronchus and pulmonary trunk to lower border of T4 level, to become descending aorta
Branches (from right to left ) Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery
Aortic glomera- chemoreceptor
Aorta
Descending aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta
★ Common carotid a.
Origin (arises from) Brachiocephalic trunk on the right Aortic arch on the left
Ascends in neck to upper border of thyroid cartilage; bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries
★ Common carotid a.
★ Carotid sinus (baroreceptor), located at a localize
s dilation of terminal part of common carotid artery or beginning of internal carotid artery, sensitive to blood pressure changes
★ Carotid glomus (chemoreceptor), lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery, senses changes in blood carbon dioxide (oxygen) levels
★ Common carotid a.
★ External carotid artery Superior thyroid a. descends to supply upper pole of thyroid gl
and and larynx Lingual a. Facial a. Occipital a. Posterior auricular a. Maxillary a. Superficial temporal a.
★ Subclavian artery Origin (arises from)
Brachiocephalic trunk on right Aortic arch on left
End: becomes axillary artery at lateral border of first rib
Branches Vertebral a. Internal thoracic a. Thyrocervical trunk
Inferior thyroid artery Superascapular a.
Costocervical trunk
Vertebral a.
Thyrocervical trunk
Inferior thyroid a.
Internal thoratic a.
Transvers cervical a.
Costocervical trunk
Suprascapular a.
Axillary artery
Continuation of subclavian artery at l
ateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower bor
der of teres major Divided into three parts by overlying
pectoralis minor
Axillary artery
First portion, above muscle Thoracoacromial a.
Second portion, behind muscle Lateral thoracic a.
Third portion, below muscle Anterior humeral circumflex a.
Posterior humeral circumflex a.
Subscapular a.
Throcodorsal a. Circumflex scapular a.
Brachial artery
Continuation of axillary artery Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at l
evel of neck of radius Branches
Deep brachial a. Superior ulnar collaeral a. Inferior ulnar collateral a.
Radial artery & Ulnar artery
Radial artery Superfical palmar branch Principal artery of thumb
Ulnar artery Common interosseous artery
Anterior interossous a. Posterior interosseous a.
Deep palmar branch
Superficial palmar arch
Formed by ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery
The curve of arch lies across the palm, level with the distal border of fully extended thumb
Gives rise to three common palmar digital arteries each then divides into two proper palmar digital arteries
Deep palmar arch
Formed by radial artery and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
The curve of arch lies across upper part of palmar at level with proximal border of extended thumb
Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal arteries
Thoracic aorta Course
Continuation of aortic arch at lower border of T4
Passes through aortic hiatus of diaphragm at level of T12 vertebra to enter abdominal cavity
Main branches Parietal branches
Posterior intercostals arteries subcostal artery Superior phrenic arteries
Visceral branches Bronchial branches Esophageal branches Pericardial branches
Abdominal aorta
Continuation of thoracic aorta at aortic hiatus of diaphragm in front of T12
Terminates at lower border of L4 vertebra by dividing into right and left common iliac arteries
Abdominal aorta
Parietal branches Inferior phrenic a. (one pair) Lumbar a. (four pairs of arteries that s
upply the posterior abdominal wall) Median sacral a.
Abdominal aorta
Visceral branches Paired branches
Middle suprarenal artery Renal artery Testicular (ovarian) artery
Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Lower accessory renal a.
Abdominal aorta
Unpaired branches Celiac trunk - a short large artery that arises from th
e front of aorta as it emerges through the diaphragm.
Superior mesenteric a. - arises from the front of aorta, at the level of L1
Inferior mesenteric a. - arises from the front of aorta, at level of L3
Left gastric a.
Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.
Gastroduodenal a.
Proper hepatic a.
Right gastric a.
Left branch
Right branch
Cystic a.
Short gastric a.
Left gastroepiploic a.
Right gastroepiploic a.Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Splenic branches
Celiac trunk
Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric a.
Inf. pancreaticodudenal a.
Jejunal and ileal a.Ileocolic a.
Appendicular a.
Right colic a.
Middle colic a. Superior Mesenteric v.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.
Inferior mesenteric v.
Common iliac artery
Continuation of abdominal aorta at level of L4 vertebra
Run downward and laterally to end opposite the sacroiliac joint by dividing into internal and external iliac arteries.
Internal iliac artery
Parietal branches Obturator a. Superior gluteal a. Inferior gluteal a. Iliolumber a. Lateral sacral a.
Internal iliac artery
Visceral branches Umbilical a. → superior vesical
a. Inferior vesical a. Uterine a. Inferior rectal a. Internal pudendal a.
Internal iliac artery
Uterine a. - about 2cm from neck of uterus it cr
osses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery
Uterine a. - about 2cm from neck of uterus it cro
sses above and in front of ureter
小桥流水
Internal iliac artery
Internal pudendal artery Course: leaves the pelvis through the infr
apiriform foramen and enters the gluteal region. It enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen and then passes forward in the pudendal canal with the pudendal nerve.
Branches Anal artery Perineal artery Dorsal artery of penis (clitoris)
External iliac artery
Branches Inferior epigastric artery
Deep iliac circumflex artery
Femoral a. Continuation of the external iliac a. Begins midpoint of inguinal ligament Ends at the adductor tendinous opening by e
ntering the popliteal fossa as the popliteal artery
Principal branch deep femeral a. arises from the posterolateral surface of the femoral art
ery about 5 cm below the inguinal ligament. Medial femoral circumflex lateral femoral circumflex Four perforating arteries
Popliteal arteryCourse: Begins at the adductor tendinous openin
g Here it is continuous with the femoral artery
Ends at the lower border of the popliteus where it divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Posterior tibial artery
Passes downwards deep to gastrocnemius and soleus
Passes behind medial mallealus by dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries
Branches: Peroneal a. Medial and lateral plantar a.
Anterior tibial artery
Descends on anterior surface of interosseous membrane
In front of ankle joint becomes dorsal a. of foot
Dorsal artery of foot
Passes forward between tendons of extensor longus and extensor digitorum longus to the proximal
End of first intermetatarsal space Branches
Deep plantar a. 1st digital a. Arcuate a.