THE ART OR SCIENCE OF COMBINING VOCAL OR INSTRUMENTAL SOUNDS TO PRODUCE BEAUTY OF FORM,

HARMONY, AND EXPRESSION OF EMOTION. IT IS THE VOCAL OR INSTRUMENTAL SOUND PRODUCED IN MANY

WAYS

Music

History of Music

"Music History" is the distinct subfield of musicology and history which studies music from a chronological perspective.

Music is found in every known culture, past and present, varying wildly between times and places.

Since all people of the world, including the most isolated tribal groups, have a form of music, it may be concluded that music is likely to have been present in the ancestral population prior to the dispersal of humans around the world.

History Continued

Consequently music may have been in existence for at least 50,000 years and the first music may have been invented in Africa and then evolved to become a fundamental constituent of human life

A culture's music is influenced by all other aspects of that culture, including social and economic organization and experience, climate, and access to technology. The emotions and ideas that music expresses, the situations in which music is played and listened to, and the attitudes toward music players and composers all vary between regions and periods.

Classical Music• Started roughly around the 11th

Century• The term “classical music” did not

appear until the 19th century. • The period from Johann Sebastian

Bach to Beethoven is known as the golden age.

• “Classical music” means music that will not be forgotten soon after it is written, but is likely to be enjoyed by many future generations

• Considered standard music of the Western World

Classical Music During Different TimesMiddle Ages- Music was all vocal and only used in

churches.Renaissance- Mostly Vocal but accompanied by some

instruments. Massive increase of composition of music during this period.

Baroque Period- The modern orchestra was formed. Classical Period- Composers were influenced by Ancient

Greeks and Romans. The symphony was invented.Romantic Period- Composers used forms of music already

invented, but they found emotion and personal feeling very important. Music told a story.

20th Century- Composers found new ways of writing which was not necessarily tonal (in a specific key).

Major Composers

Johann Sebastian BachWolfgang Amadeus MozartLudwig van BeethovenClaude DebussyIgor Stravinsky

•RAP MUSIC EVOLVED FROM A TRADITION OF STORYTELLING THROUGH SONG THAT EXPRESSES THE FLAVOR OF LATINO AND AFRICAN AMERICAN STREET CULTURE•RECOGNIZED AS SUCH IN THE LATE 1970S•CERTAIN DJS RECOGNIZED THE OPPORTUNITY TO BEGIN TO MAKE UP POETRY THAT THEY THEN SET TO MUSIC, ADDING THEIR TWO CENTS TO THE SONGS BEING PLAYED. THIS WAS THE SEED FROM WHICH RAP MUSIC WAS GROWN.

How Rap Music Evolved

Biggest Names & major Events

1974 – 1980 Jamaican Reggae starts “talking” while music is playing trend 1978 Rap music hits the Bronx with two DJ’s spinning turntables at parties 1979 First rap recordings released: “Rappers Delight” by Sugar Hill Gang and “Superrappin” by Grandmaster Flash and

the Furious Five. 1984 “Freshfest” starring Run DMC, Kurtis Blow, Whodini, Newcleus and the Fatboys becomes the first rap money

making concert tour. 1985 Salt N Pepa make their first major appearance to become the original female rap stars 1988 NWA releases “Straight Outta Compton” which marked the beginning of the gangsta rap era. The FBI sends

letters to police nationwide about the song “F the Police” for anti law agitation 1989 Public Enemy’s “Fight the Power” gives the sound track for Spike Lee’s movie “Do the Right Thing”. Both the song

and the film skyrocket the popularity of both artists. A daily version of “Yo MTV Raps!” is aired due to its increased popularity.

1991 Rodney King beatings stir awareness of racism. Many rappers take up the cause – Chuck D, Ice T, Ice Cube. Soundscan – monitors point of sale numbers – state that rap artists are now out selling rock

1992 Controversy rises again with Ice T’s “Cop Killer” and the song ends up being withdrawn from the album 1993 Dr. Dre releases “The Chronic” which becomes a multi platinum gangsta rap hit 1996 Tupac Shakur murdered in Las Vegas 1997 Notorious B.I.G. murdered in Los Angeles – much speculation abounds about the West Coast/East Coast rivalry 1998 Sean “Puff Daddy” Combs hits it big with his lighter, sample driven style of rap music 1999 Eminem releases “The Slim Shady” musical experience and shakes up the world of rap music as one of the first

prominent white rappers from Dr. Dre’s schooling 2000-Present The faces and styles of rap music continue to evolve with no concrete style taking the forefront as in the

gangsta rap era. New talents are coming from all over the country as opposed to just the West and East coast.

Gangsta rap was born out of the east coast, west coast rivalry

In the early 1990s, rap music evolved into music with a strong, definitive message when gangsta rap took over the rap music stage. This sub-genre glorified issues, such as street violence, drug use, the sale of drugs, prejudice, sex and anger.

DEFINITION: A STYLE AND GENRE OF LARGELY STRING- ACCOMPANIED AMERICAN POPULAR MUSIC HAVING ROOTS IN THE FOLK MUSIC OF THE SOUTHEAST AND

COWBOY MUSIC OF THE WEST. TYPICALLY ACCOMPANIED BY ACOUSTIC OR ELECTRIC GUITAR,

BANJO, VIOLIN AND HARMONICA

Country Music

Country music first emerged in the 1900’s- Signing about protest, slavery, war, life Began in the rural Southern United StatesCountry first became well known in the 1920’s,

making it onto radio, making it to TV in the 50’sKnown as “Old Time”, “Hillbilly”, “Folk”Raised ideas for new types of dance- Square

dance and line danceRaised a new design for other types of music

Timeline of the 1900’s 1923 Hank Williams Born- Hiram King "Hank" Williams is born in Olive, Alabama.

Hank Williams will become country music's greatest icon and most imitated performer

1924 Vocalion Starts "Hillbilly" Series- The Vocalion company starts a series called "Special Records for Southern States" that will issue "hillbilly" records

1932 The Queen of Country Music is Born-Virginia Hensley, who will later be called Patsy Cline, is born in Winchester, VA. She will become the most influential female country artist of all time

1944 Billboard Recognizes "Folk" Music- The year's first issue of Billboard magazine introduces a "folk" chart that mixes country, jazz, and blues

1954 Elvis Debuts-Elvis Presley makes his recording debut on Sun Records with an electrifying mix of gospel, R&B, and country tunes

1959 The Opry Rules the Airwaves-A reader poll by Radio Mirror announces that Grand Ole Opry is America's favorite radio program

Today's Country

1. George Strait2. Garth Brooks3. Reba McEntire4. Alan Jackson5. Tim McGraw6. Kenny Chesney7. Toby Keith8. Taylor Swift

oToday’s country music is focused on life and having a good time!oGrand Ol’ Opry is still usedoCMT, AMC are the biggest broadcasters of country musicoSecond most listened to genre o Country has came a long way since the beginning, every year getting more popular

POP MUSIC

How Pop Evolved Originated in its modern form in the 1950sPeople define pop music as "a body of music which is

distinguishable from popular, jazz and folk music's".Pop is a wide term, though it's considered to be short for

"popular"Pop music, as a genre, that often borrows elements from other

styles throughout its course such as Urban, Dance, Rock, Latin and Country.

Pop music is "hook-filled" where songs are most likely to be stuck in your head.

POP MUSIC

Pop music is generally thought of as a genre which is commercially recorded and desires to appeal to a mass audience.

In the early 1980s, the promotion of pop music was greatly affected by the rise of Music Television channels like MTV, which favored those artists such as Michael Jackson and Madonna who had a strong visual appeal.

Rock

In early 50’s became known as swing music Earliest form of rock music originated in

the early 1940’s and 50’s in the United States

Became start of new musical movement for the entire world

Combined all forms of music like Jazz, Classical, and Big Band music

Opened the doors to new ideas in music People started listening and enjoying music

more Changed the way people acted in society,

people became “free” from their old ways and started protesting things they disagreed with, something that never happened before

Revolutionized cultures all over the worldBob Dylan

Early rock music was known as “swing music”Swing music was “dance music” in the 50’s

Rock evolved from Big Band Music from the 1920’s

Led Zeppelin was considered the first “ rock metal” bandHeaviest form of music at the time

The Beatles became icons around the worldBecame the face of rock and rollInspired thousands of artists all over the world Jimi Hendrix became

face of “hippie” movement

These early artists inspired current bands like The Strokes

Elvis, known as the king of rock, is a cultural icon for the U.S

• Jazz is a mix of American and European classical with a twist of African and slave folk music.

• Jazz became popular in the black communities during the 1920’s, throughout the southern part of the U.S.

• At first Jazz was considered low class entertainment until the 1920’s.

• In the early 1800’s slaves were brought from Africa and with them came great musical influences. Slaves were the first ones to introduce the concept of Jazz.

• In jazz the skilled performer will interpret a tune in very individual ways, never playing the same composition exactly the same way twice

• First hit dated back to 1895 by Ernest Hogan.

• Louis Armstrong- popular in the 1920’s during prohibition.

• Ray Charles- Blind jazz artist that was big in the 1950’s.

• Jamie Cullum- famous jazz performer today.