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WORKSHOPUIDESHAKERULLSNDPEGS SHAKERINISHES
REPTICATINGSHAKERINISH
TheShakersaintedheir urni turen a var iety f colo
inc lud inged, range,e l low,lue, nd rown. t r tua
of hese ieces ere oated ith hinpaintsn a washhal lowedhewood'sraino showhrough.o epl icate
effect,ou anusemilkpaintoratex aint.Milkpaintsea
flat inishha tcanbestained,iled, rwaxedncehesu
isdry.Although i lkpaint savai lablesa powderha
addedo water, ou anprepareour wnbyblendin
ingredientshownn hechart elow.
Some haker iecesere nished ithvarntsh.o o
down finish hatwas ooglossy-andhowy-Shakeru
turemakersubbed ownhesurfacesit hpumice.heo
varnishecipe resentedelow i l l mpart deep,ich n
withoutoomuch loss, ndoffer ood rotectionor h
wood. or est esults,pplyhesolution itha rag, et ton hesurfaceora fewminutes,hen uboff heexcess
a cleanag .Allow 4 hoursor hecoat o cure, an digh
and epeat,ui ldingp he inrshn ayers.ompleteny
ishwitha coat fgood-qualiiyaste ax.
(lIT.VARNISHINISH
Wood
. 1 par t inseedr ungoi l
o 2 nar ic sat in varn ish
. 3 parts team-disti l ledurpent ine
MILK AINT
Basicormulayields bout quart):
. 1 r / 2 ups k i mm i l k
. 1 oz .s lakedime
o 8 oz.p las te r f Par is r ca lc ium arbonate
Procedure' I. Spr ink lehe ime nto he m i l kandmix or3 minutes .
S t i r n h ep ' as t e ' o f a r i s .
2 . Addco io r ing ,uch sar t is t 's rgmentsrear th igmen
used orcoor ing ement ;es t heso lu i ion na scrap lec
and et t dry ,3 . Le t heoa in t r t o r hour ,henbrush t on,
s t i r r ingrequent ly .
4 . Adda h in ayer f varntshrshe l laco protec the in sh
LATEXAINT
Procedure' |. Apply h in i rs t oa t n hedes i redolor o sea l hewo
and e tdry .
2 . Rub hesur face i thvery nesteei oo l .
3. Apply notherh incoat f pa in t nd ubwi thvery
f inesteel ool .
4 . Adda l ight oat f o rangehe l lac .
COMM()NHAKEREGS
ttmr'ThrV - \ r -
Slel\l-
ft-'f-ltl-*
r+'hlr-"\"J*
kt l I lfl
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THEARTOFWOODWORKING
SHAKER
FURNITURE
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THE ART OFWOODWORKING
FIJRNITURE
TIME-LIFEOOKSALEXANDRIA.IRGINIA
SffiR
ST.REMYPRESSMONTREAL.EWYORK
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PUBLISHERPRES/DENT
Series ditorSeries rt Director
SeniorEditorEditor
Art Directors
Designers
Picture EditorWriters
ContributingWriterCont buting llu str to s
AdministratorProductionManager
CoordinatorSystem oordinator
PhotographerIndexer
KennethWinchesterPierreLdveill6
PierreHome-DouglasFrancine emieuxMarcCassiniAndrew onesNormand Boudreault,
Jean-Pierreourgeois,Michel GigudreHdldneDion, Jean-Guy oiron,FrangoisDaxheletChristopher acksonfohn Dowling,Adam VanSertima
funeSpriggGillesBeauchemin,Michel Blais,RonaldDurepos,MichaelStockdale,James h6rienNatalie WatanabeMichelle TurbideDominique Gagn6Eric BeaulieuRobertChartierChristineM. Iacobs
THE ART OF WOODWORKING wasproducedby
ST.REMYPRESS
THECONSUXIANTS
Ian Ingersoll owns a cabinetmaking hop n WestCornwalConnecticut, hat specializesn Shaker urniture.
GilesMiller-Mead taught advanced abinetmaking t Monttechnical choolsor more han tenyears. nativeof NewZealand, e hasworked asa restorer f antique urniture
ShakerFurniture.p. cm.- (Theart of woodworking)Includes ndex.ISBN0-8094-9s33-31.Furniture making-Amateurs' manuals.2. Furniture,Shaker-Amateurs' manuals.I. Time-LifeBooks.IL Series.
TTl95.S48 995749.213'08'8288-dc20 95-1022
cIP
For nformation about any Time-Lifebook,please all l-800-621-7026, r write:Reader nformationTime-LifeCustomerServiceP.O.Box C-32068Richmond,Virginia2326r-2068
@1995 ime-LifeBooks nc.All rights reserved.No part of this book may be reproducedn any orm or b
any electronicor mechanicalmeans,ncluding nformatiostorage nd retrievaldevices r systems, ithout prior wrten permissionrom thepublisher, xcept hat brief passmaybe quoted or reviews.Firstprinting. Printed n U.S.A.Published imultaneouslyn Canada.
TIME-LIFE s a trademarkof Time Warner nc. U.S.A.
R 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Time-Life Books s a division of Time Life Inc.,a wholly ownedsubsidiary f
THE TIME INC. BOOK COMPANY
TIME.LIFEINC.
President nd CEO JohnM. FaheyEditor-in-Chief JohnL. Papanek
TIME-LIFEBOOKS
PresidentVice-President, irector of Marketing
ManagingEditorDirector of Design
Directorof Editorial Operations
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Vice-President, ook ProductionProductionManager
QualityAs uranceManager
JohnD. HallNanry K. fonesRobertaConlanMichaelHentgesEllen Robling
JohnR.Sullivan
Marjann CaldwellMarleneZack
James ing
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CONTENTS
L218
6 INTRODUCTION
SHAKERDESIGNA galleryof Shaker urniture
CHAIRSEnfieldsidechairRushseatShaker ockingchairThpeseat
Meetinghouse ench
TABTESTiestle ableDrop-leaf ableCandlestand
PIE SAFEAnatomyof apie safe
Making the caseworkramesRaising he panelsAssemblinghe safeShelvingTin-paneldoors
1T6 SHAKERCTASSICS
118 Wallclock129 Stepstool135 Shakerboxes138 Pegboard
140 GTOSSARY
142 INDEX
144 ACKNOWTEDGMENTS
2426343844
48
56586878
8688
909497
104106
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INTRODUCTION
DavidLambon
REDEFININGSHAKERSTYLE
f *ur fortunatenougho iveat heCanterburyhakerVillagen NewHampshireL for 14 ears,rom1972o 1986. yparentsan heVillageMuseumndweweregiven ousingntheChildren's ouse,uilt n 1810.I ad heprivilegef knowingsevenhaker istersnd istenedo heirbeliefsndmemoriesf heolddays.While
living here,l oundmyself xploringnd tudyinghearchitecturallementsf hebuildings,swellas he urnituren thecollections.
While iving n these nique urroundings,had heexceptionalpportunity fapprenticingithanOldWorld abinetmakerromMadrid, lejandroe aCruz.His eachingsmphasizedradition, lassicism,nd ntegrityn work,design,ndliving.Thisapprenticeshiprovidedmewitha direction nd ocusor studyingShakerndother lassicesigns.t thesameime, t allowed e o constructivelyrit-icize ome ldpiecesnd o rebuild rredesignhemby using etter onstructionmethods,hilestill etainingheiroriginal harm ndattractiveness.
Like hearchitecturallementsf antiquiryhebeauty nd ruthof Shakeresignaremostevidentn basicorms. heoverallines, roportions,ndstanceanbeseenn a simple iece f furnitureike hecandletand hownnthephotoat ight.Details,f theyaredonewell,adda urther imensionndwill notobscurer clut-ter hegeneralorm.
I donotbelievehat heShakerset ut o developheirowndesigns;ather,heirbeliefseshapedormswith whichheywere lreadyamiliar. hakeresign anbeseensa stripped-downederaltyle, ithemphasisnHepplewhitendSheratonelements.ederaltylewas oncurrentith hebeginningnd hedevelopmentftheShakereligious ovement.he eycabinetmakersf each hakerillage erealso ree odevelopheuniquelavor f eachommunity'sorkwhile aking irec-tion rom he ead ommunityf MountLebanon,ewYork.
Whileagood eal f Shakeresignharmies n itsnaivet6,venmoredependsonthe cabinetmaker'somplete astery f the orm.Creatingurniture esignsrequires horoughnderstandingfthedesignrocess,ndbeing bleo
"getinto
theheads"f theoldmastersounderstandhycertain esign ecisionseremade.It alsoequiresgood nderstandingf furniture onstructionsing ast ndpre-sentechniques.t is mportant ot ust o acknowledgepiece sa masterpiecendcopy t,but ofindout wltyitisa masterpiece,y askingmany uestionsboutt. Theanswersill provideourbuilding locksorcreatingourowndesignsnany ryle.
DavidLambwas esidentabinetmakert Canterbury hakerVillage,NewHampshire, etween 979and 1986. e nowbuildsShaker-inspiredfurnitureat hisshop n Canterbury.
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INTRODUCTION
IohnWilsonperfectshe
ELEGANTSHAKERBOX
T mu sawShakeroxesnapattern ookon ShakeroodenwareyEjnerHandbergL n 1977 hen waseachingurnituremaking tLansing ommunity ollege.venas inedrawings,hese imple, legantval ontainers,raftedromcherryn grad-uated izes, erentriguing. ll boxesolduniversalppeal,ut o havehemnest
inside ach therappealso thechildn allof us.Up o thispoint, hadbeen carpentern residentialonstructionor 10 ears,
andhadspent nother ecadeeachingocial nthropology.ittledid knowwhenI begano followmycuriositFnShakerval oxeshat heywould ecomeheper-fectavenueor expressinghosehree kills-workingn wood,nterpretingther om-munities'life ndwork,and eaching.ut hat s exactly hathas appenedo meoverhe ast15years.
Byspecializingn Shakervalboxes,was ortunateo takeadvantagef threetrends: growing warenessf Shakeresign,hepopularity f woodworkingsahobby, ndan nterestn instructionn leisure ctivities.hiscombinationpenedthedoorsor reelanceox-makingeminars.y1986 was eaching0workshopsayearn many arts f thecountry, swellas n CanadandEngland.hepartici-pantsmake nest f fiveboxes.t is ulfilling o beable o masterhe echniquefmaking box, ndevenmore o operfectt in makingive. nthe 2yearc incehefirstboxclass,haveaughtmore han4,000 eoplehis raditional raft.
Mymemory f firstattemptingo build hem sof bands reaking,ringingheprojecto an abrupt nd. t takesmore han inedrawingso masterechnique.VisitingShakeritesn NewEngland,Iecall rare pportunityo watch oxmak-er erryGrantatHancock hakerVillage.egavemeasample f the inycopperaclsthatare hehallmark f thebox ap.Thesereas carceshen'seeth, s heexpres-siongoes.t *re ime,Cross ailCompany asheone emainingackmanufacturer,andmadehemonlyonspecial rder.t tooka minimumof 50poundso order,andwith over 50 acla o theounce,hatwas n ncredibleupply. th 12 aclsneed-ed omake box,t alsoepresentedifetime fboxmaking.
Today, hakeroxes ave ecome y ifeandsupplyinghebox radewithqual-ity materialsowoccupies oreof my ime haneithermaking oxes r teaching.More hanustbeing ood usiness,aking hakeroxesaseftmewith hecon-viction hatpassingn our skillssa responsibilityach f usmustaccept.
JohnWilsonaught ocial nthropologyt Purduebeforeurning
his attention o teaching haker oxmakingull time n 1983.
Hisseminars ave een eldat theSmithsonian,n Shaker illages
throughout merica, nd n England. e ownsand operates heHomeShop n EastBroadway ighrq,in Charlotte, ichigan.
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INTRODUCTION
was,n anearly9th-Century hakeruildingn Canterbury,ewHampshire.My roomwasaclassic hakernterior,withbuilt-incupboardsnddrawers,
peg ailaroundhewalls, nd are liding hutters.verythingverheadndunder-footwasheworkof Shaker rothershohadusedocal ine,maple,ndbirchandacombinationf hand oolsandwater-poweredachineryn anefficientndsophisticatedystemf man-madeonds ndmillsbehindhevillage. ftera cen-turyandahalfof continualse,hepegs ereirm ntheirsockets.hedrawerslidsmoothly ithaslightugon hesingleenterull.Thewhole ffect as neofspa-ciousness,iriness,nd ightness.his oomwasworth hewait.
By he ime arrived tCanterburyn 1972 sa summer uiden themuseum,theshaker 9clety ad ongsincelourishednd aded. hecanterbury hakerswere stablishedn 1792 s heseventhf whatbecame9principalettlementsnAmerica. hen came,hehalf-dozenhakers ho ivedhere- all n their70s,80s, nd90s-wereoneof the astwoShakeramiliesn existence.Theotherwas
sabbathdayLaken Maine.) hesisters ere elightful-energetic,umorous,ndunstintinglyind.Therewere oBrotherst Canterbury.he astonehaddied nthe1930snd hewomenokedhat heyhad
workedthose oormen o death."
whilewoodworkingadpassednto historywith the astof theBrothers,hesisterseld heworkof the
oldshakers"n high egard. lifetime f usingShaker
desks,ables, orkcounters,hairs,ndcupboardsadgivenhemahands-onppre-ciation f the-qualitieshathave arned hakeresignespectorldwide:trength,lightness,nda simpleightnessfproportion. rgonomic?oubet.we heldourbreathwheneverhe ragile ut unstoppableldressentup anddown hestairswith herbadknee ndcane, ut hebreadth f thesteps,hegentleise, nd hesturdy,legantandrail eptherupright ndsafe.
"Handsto workandheartso God," homilyof ShakerounderMotherAnn
Lee,was roadmap or goodife.MyShakerriends regone ow, ut heirworkenduress estimonyo thebeauty ndwisdom fthatsimplemessage.
|uneSprigg eflects n
A SHAKERLIFE
hen was ittle andshared roomwith my sister yearnedo havea roomof my own. was19when hat dream ame rue,andoh,whata room t
lune Sprigg asbeen tudyingheShakersfor mostof herlife,andshewasCuratorof Collectionst Hancock hakerVillage etyveen979 nd1994.Her atest ookwithpho-
tographer aulRocheleau,hakerBurlt, spublishedbyMonacelliPress.he ivesn Pittsfield,Massachusetts.
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SHAKERDESIGN
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SHAKER ESIGN
h. Shakersre ecognizedoday sI oneof America'sost nteresting
eligiousocieties.hanksvigorousropofbooks, rticles,
exhibitionshathave prouted pheShakers'icentennialelebra-1974, ost eoplehinkof hem
SffiDESIGNfirstand oremost soroducersf sim-pleandwell-madeurniture. ut ntheirhevdavrom1825o 1845,hevwerebeiter<no*n or heiroriginal iend fcelibacyndcommunalism,deepom-mitmento Christianrincipless rac-ticed yChristtdisciples,ndaworship
service nique n civilizedAmerica or its
groupdancing, sortofsacredineor
circledancehatgave ll members qual
opportunity o expresshe Holy Spirit.
This ecstatic ance candalized any
conventionalbservers,ncludingRalph
WaldoEmerson nd CharlesDickens.
With its backward-Ieaningear egs
andcurved la*, heEnfleld ide hair
shownat left wasbuilt or simplicityand comfort. he ushseats n eaily
Shaker hairsike hisone radually
gaveway o canvasapeseating.
By themid-l9th Century,when he ithograph hown bovewasmqde,
the reneticdancing hat oncemarkedShaker orship-andgavehem heir
name had been eplaced ith more eservedinedances. s n all Shaker
activities,hesexes ere trictlydivided.Thewoman n stylishVictoriandress
in theoreground as robablynvitedby theShakerso observeheirworship.
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SHAKER ESIGN
Thedininghall at thePleasant ill communityn Harrodsburg,
MotherAnn's ewOrderThe Shakersrace heir history nAmericato 774, hen ounder
Mother
Anrt'' Leeemigratedo NewYork romManchester,ngland, ith eight ol-lowers. he39-year-oldaughter f aMidlandsblacksmith, nn Leewaspromptedo comeo theNorthAmeri-cancolonies,ccordingo her aithfirlbelievers,ya visionof thesecondom-ing of Christ.Shewas ickenedy hecorruption f the Old World,and hechanges roughtby the IndustrialRevolutionhatwere lteringhecon-ditions fhumanifebeyondllpreviousexperience.he oughto establishneworderof ife n theNewWorld.
AspreachedyAnn Lee ndher ol-lowers, hakerife wasoneof hardshipandself-denial.eing Shakermeantliv-inga celibateife with no possibility fbearing hildren, ndworking elflesslyandequallyalongsidene's rothersndSisters.t alsomeantiving n isolationfrom heoutsideworld, enouncingllprivate roperty,nd aking olacen thepurityof community ndprayer.
Although nndieda scant 0yearsafterarrivingn Americandhermove-ment emainedelativelymall uringher ifetime, onvertsegano oin indrovesn theyearsollowing erdeath.By17 7,theirstarge-scaleommunalShaker amily adgatheredearAlbany
at NewLebanon, ewYork.TheNkbanon communitywaso becomspiritual apital f the Shaker throughheneficentury. y1800sionariesadhelped stablishdoShakerommunitieshroughoutNEngland,ncluding nes n EnfConnecticut;arvard,MassachandCanterbury,ewHampshir1825,19 rincipal illages ere loishing romMaine o pointsweKentuckyndOhio. n 1840, nemated ,000 hakersere uttinghandso work andheartso GoAmerica'sargest,est nown, ndoalternativeo mainstreamife hateedon a rulynationalcale.
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In spite feffortso attract ew on-heShakers'numbersegano
he endof theCivilWar.as
irstShakerommunityto lose ffi-a century hatwitnessedo
hangesn Amer-life it proveddifficult for the
changed o ittle-tohemomentum f their irst
SHAKER ESIGN
70years. y 1900,heShakersaddwin-dled o 2,000memberssShakeril-
lages losedheir doorsoneby one.Today,ustonecommunityurvives,tSabbathdayake,Maine,whereewerthana dozenmembersarryon theShakerraditions.
HarmonyofProportionTheShakersere ot anesthetic ove-
mentor a self-consciouschoolofdesign.n fact,heir urniture,ike heir
architecturendclothing, asderidedin its day or anexcessivelytilitarianlackof style. oday,ttractedy hesim-plicityof theirdesigns,heworldhasbeguno recognizeheachievementsfShaker oodworkers,uch s heclocksmade y Brothersaac ewton oungsof NewLebanon,nd hesewing esks
Thespiritualcenter f Shakerife, hemeetinghouse,s asmodest nd unpretentioussanyShaker uilding.
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SHAKE,R ESIGN
and ock ing hairs f Brother reegiftWells f Watervliet, ewYork.
Simplicitys hequintessentialall-markof Shaker esign. ompared iththeopr.rlentomplexiryf aQueen nnehighboy,orexample,Shakerhairsaparagon faLrsterify:our egs,hree lats,ahandfulofstretchers,nda fewyardsof canvasane or the seat.n a worldthatseemso grow ncreasingly orecomplex ndchaotic ear yyear t isnotdifficLrlto seewhy hesirnple, ar-r.r.ror.rior-rsinesof Shakertirniture on-tinue o hold heirappeal.
Shaker r t isans lso ist inguishedthemselvesy hequality f heirwork.They arely eededo hurryandwerein factencour-agedo akehe imeneed-ed o do he ob properly.hecornmu-nal trmily tructure ave ndividualsfieedomrom thoughts f purchasing,narketing, ales,ndallrelated usinesscoucerns-an xperiencedusinesstafftookcare fall t[at.Shaker oodwork-
ers eceivedree raining rom very inecraftsmen,lderBrothers ho aught
them in an apprenticeshipystem.Shakersenerallyorkedn big,hand-some, tate-of-the-artorkshops ithth ebestools ndmachinesvailable;communal conomy,hrifty iving, ndanabhorrencefbuying n credit su-allymeant lenty f capitalo nvestnth ebest. heShakers'werelso apableof rrverr t i r rghebest lhe able aw,orexample,as hebrainchildf a Shakersister.t comes sno sururisehatmanvwoodworkersoday peak nviouslyttinres f theirShakerounterparts.
A Lackof OrnamentationThe el isiousmotivation ehind hesimplicity f Shaker esignsan obvi-ou sone.Th eShakersoughtn every-
BrotlrcrClutrles reavesutsidehecorpettyhLtp,arrcocklnkerVilLrge,
Pittsfield, 'lassaclusetts,lr the nrly1900s.
thing heydid to free hemselvesromthevainandunnecessary,hicho hem
meant voiding rossmaterialism.hiswas o mean eat n theGildedAse hatgave irth oVictorianandconspicuousconsumption.heShakersschewedhe
sort of artistic reedornhat allobuilders o design nd makewha
theywanted. hey eldom utogratheirpiecesecausehey ookno pin being ecognizeds ndividuasans. eliqiousonvictionslsoor
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SHAKERDESIGN
a icenseo decorate ith carving,nlay,painting, xoticmportedwoods, r any
other ypeof applied rnament. heShakersraditionally regardedheseembellishmentssa waste f time andresources.ndeed,he ewornamentaltoucheso befoundon Shakerurni-ture-such asexposed ovetailing ndthe ubiquitous, eatly urned drawerpullsand rail pegs-invariablyhadautilitarian urpose.
Usuallymadewith bentmaple ides
andquartersawnine ops ndbottoms,ovalboxes ereused ostore ll typesof drygoods. heywere onstructedngraduatedizes o hat each necouldbestorednside henext arger ize.
A tall clock erves sa boundary etweenhemen's ndwomen'sleepingreasn theCentreFamilyDwellingat Pleasant ill, Kentucl<y.locks lsodivided heShakers' aily ives ntoprescribedegments herewere pecificimesfor rising eatingworking and sleeping.
Bel ieving hat al l thingsvisiblerevealedhe state f the spirit within,
Shakersook great arewith what heymade o hat ts near-perfectionouldbothhonorandemulateheexcellenceof God'sown creation. boveall else,
Shakerurnitureanddesigns mbuedwith the spiri t of i ts makers, ro-
claiming heir optimism and faith inthe future.By spending bviouscareand ime on humble,useful hings,the Shakers learly nnouncedheirbelief n a futureworth ivingand nthe ability of future generationso
keep heir craft alive.On the ollowing agessan llustrat-
edgallery f some f themostenduringoieces f furniturethat serveas theShakers'egacyomodernwoodworking.
t 7
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A GALLERYOF SHAKERFURNITURE
TABTESANDCHAIRS
Dining room benahEuilt to accommo-date aeveral ineraarounda table
Trestle able (pa6e5b)Themost,commonetyle of thakerdtntnq oom able. Euilt with 7luelejoineryand knockdown ardware, ,htable can bedteaaaembled hen t inot needed; he leqo, eet, and treerunninqalon4 he top'e undereidepoeitioned o maxtmizee4room
Candle stand
Qase78)The rtpod deei4n
4ivea hie li4ht-weight. ableqoodetability
Dropleaf table (page 68)ALtached to the top withrule oinLo, he Ieavee fthio table can be exLendedwhenneededor droppeddown o gave gpace
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SHAKERDESIGN
Revolving chair
Aleo called ewtvel etoola
or revolverg, thege
chaira were uged tn
c ) h a P e r n f f i r ca ahnna
and achoolroome
Enfield aide chair(pase 26)Madewitha back-ward tilt to provide
comforLwtthoutbendtn4;hechatr'erear leqe.Earlyver'a tona ikeLheoneahown eatured rusheeata; he thakersIater reliedon can'vaeLape,aa tn Lherockinq hatrahownaL rtghL
Meetinghouae bench
Accommodated the faithful durinq
thaker reltgtoue eervrcee; wtth its
eol id ptne aeat., Lhte etmple and
lt7htweiqhtchatr could be movedout
of the way easily when neceaoary
Rocking chair
(paqe O)Ha eeteam-bentrear egeand aoltd'
wood rockere; hetape eeaf,inq eavailablena vari-ety of colors andpatterns. Alsomade na ladder-backveraion
With heirshortbacks,hesplint-seatdining hairs hown bove an lide ndera tablewithoutanysacrifice f comfort.
l 9
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SHAKERDESIGN
CASEWORK
Ketractable
work aurface
WorketandFeatureeadrawer with
partitiona andpiqeonholee ntop for etorinqaewinq uppliee:the rim aroundthe workaurfaceprevente temefrom fallin7off
Sewing deakFeaturea a retractable work aur-face; with drawera on adjacentaidee of the deak, wo peoplecould workon t at the aame ime
As canbeseenn this oomat Hancock haker il-Iagen Massachusetts,heShakerspared o efforttoprovidea sense f orderand tidinessn their ivingspaces.loor-to-ceilingabinets nsuredhat herewasa designatedlacefor everything.
Pie safe (page bO)Traditionallyuaed o store bakedqoode: hepierced in door panelakeptthe contentefresh whilepreventingvermin rom enterinAdjuatable ahelveaaddedflexibility
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SHAKERDESIGN
WaahatandUaedby thakera forpereonaI y4iene
beforebed:deeiqnedto holdan earthen-warepttcherand bowl
on-cheat; ;heLopaection eatured ehelvin7and eeveral tqeonholeoor organrzedtoraqe
WorkbenchFeatured a epaciouoworkeurface on top andstoraqe drawerabelow: he board ack olidee
eide-to-eide o holda workpiece lonq ront ed4eof the bench n conluncLion ith the face viae
Alaoknown 6 a aecretary'
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SHAKERDESIGN
HOUSEHOLDRTICLES
Step atool(pase129)Asaembledwithaturdy throuqhdovetaila, heaemtni-atepladdereenabled hakeref ^ r e a . h + h a + ^ h
ehelvesand doora
of floor-to-ceilin4
cagework: three-
and four-etep ver-
9ton9 werealeo
common
Yarn eel paqeTB)Ueed n textile makinq,
this devtce eaturedacolumnand leqdeei4nborrowed rom Lhe can-dle eLand
Oval baeketsWiLh heir awallowLailoineryand copper acka, theaecontainerewereoold rn heLhoueanda o he outaideworld;aesembledmuch ikethaker boxee page138)
FootetoolAlonq wit.hchaira, ootetoolewereproduced nqreat quanLitieafor commercialaale
Drying rackUeuallymadefrom pine,rackewere uaedLo dry tow-elsand o air ouf,beddinq
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SHAKERDESIGN
Clothes hanger
A typical thaker innoval,ion,Lhe
three-armed hanqer was a clever,
apace-eavin4 way to Itore clalthinq
Pegboard(pase138)With heir evenly pacedpe4o, heoe aile ined hewalla f moet thakerroome, holdtn4 veryfihtnqfrom hata and cloakeccandleeconceand clocke,likeLheoneehown
Wall clock(paqe 118)
Clocka ikeLhe one
ahownat left.
helped t he thakera
orqanize Lheir buay
workdayo. The
thakere ueually
bought Lhe mecha'
ntame and butlLLhe
caeeetof tL:aa
clock makero oined
Lhe movement, he
thakere beqan Lo
aeeembleLheir ownmechanigms
Likennny nntl Arnericansiving n tlrc 9tlt
Centrn'y,he Sltakers sedspirrrting heels,
Iikeone rortt Hotrcock haker illagesltotvrt
above, o rnake heir owrt extiles, s self-
reliantpeople,he Shakersepcntled rt srrclt
deviccs nd the skill o operntelwrt to rrtaitt-
tttirt lreir rdepetdenceft'om lteoutsitleworltl.
Candlesconces
Deetqned eo I;he heighL
of Lhe candlea and Lhe
li7hLtn4could be adjueted
ae Lhe candlee burned
and mell,ed down. The ver-
eion on the lefL fear,uree
wooden Lhreada Lo ratae
an d lowerLhe candle eup-
porL; Lhe one on l,he rt4hL
ha e a row of h oleaLhaL
a||owed he candleaconce
to be hunq from a peg-
board aL any hei7ht.
4 S " o .\ - i s . i , , 0
#s
ooooa-\
oo
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I! l l
i tII
i lI
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nticipatingmodern-day dvertis-
er sby more han 100 ears,he
Shakersroudly romotedheirwaresto a marketplacef non-believershowere everthelessoisedo purchase
qualityurniture. soneof theirearlycatalogs roclaimed, haker hairsoffered
durabilirysimplicity,nd ight-
ness."he evel f craftsmanshiphattheyattainednabledhem o batkuptheirclaims. haker-madehairs oldwell, rovinghat heirbusinesscumenwas swelldevelopeds heirpiety.
TheShakersadastutelyeasonedthatchairs ere he ightproductorthemarket. irst, hairs eededelativelylittlestocko build-comparedo case
furniture-so hey ould emade co-nomically.urthermore,ostmodelscould ebuiltquitequickly, nd heywere ompactndightenoughor easy
CHAIRS
Withpreciselyositionedndsized
mortises,hecrestail of theShaker-
stylemeetinghouseench hown bove
is ined onto hespindles.heShakersbuilt longer ersions f thebench o
serve spews t religiousmeetings.
mortise-and-tenonoints.The chair
back onsistsf slatshatmustbesteam-
bent.A traditionalmethod or forming
the chairseat-wovenrush-is shown
beginning n page 4.Thealternative
seat tyle llustrated n thephoto at farleft, usinga tapeupholsterymaterial
that the Shakers alled isting, is
explainedtarting npage 5.
With its turnedpartsandmortise-
and-tenonoinery, he Mt. Lebanon-
style ockingchair(page 8)sharesmany
features ith theEnfield.However,he
rear egsof the rocker,which arebent
for comfort, and the rockers hem-
selves-fixed o the egswith dowel-
reinforced ridle oints-are elegant
refinements. he chair s namedafterthe community n upstateNew York
whereprototypeswerebuilt.
Despitets traditionaluseasa pew
storagend ransportation.inally, hairs rea commonouse-hold tem;mostbuyersequired everal.ll of theseactorsenabledheirchair-makingnterpriseo contributeignifi-cantlyo Shakerrosperity.
This hapterresentstep-by-stepnstructionsorbuild-ing hree lassic hakerhairs. heEnfield ide hair page
26) eatnressimple esignhatbelieshe inecraftsmanshipand reciseoinery eededo build t. ts egs,ails, nd tretch-ers re urned n he athe, nd hepiecesre onnectedith
for eligiousurposes,hespindle-backedeetinghouseenchhasmany ontemporarypplications.heversionhown npage 8 eaturessolid-woodea twith ample oom ortwoor three sers.
Each f hesehairs-earlyxamplesfwhich re till ntacttoday-embodiesheShakerelief nce et orthby MotherAnn, ounder f hesect
Buildas hough ouwereo ive or
a housandears, ndas ouwoulddo fyou knew ouwere
to die omorrow."
Blueand whitecloth ape,or isting, s beingwoven
betweenhe ear egs f the ocker hown t left,providing
a strong, ttractive, nd ightweight eatback.This ocker
wasinishedwith tungoil, hen ubbedwith blue-tinted
beeswaxo harmonize ith thecolorof the isting.
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ENFIELDSIDECHAIR
t]- h. most striking eatureof theI Enfield ide hair s ts backward
slantof 98o, sshown n theside iewon page 7.Thedesign llowshechair
to conform o theanatomy f the ypi-caluserandprovide omfortableeat-ing without needing team-bentackposts. heslant, owever,oes resent
a challengen executinghe oinery.Fewofthe oints n thischairare ut square;most are assembled t comooundangles.t is agood dea o refer ack o
thesideand opviews syoubuild hechair, sing he angleso helpsetupyourdrill whenboring he roundmor-tises. sa resultof theseat'srapezoidal
shape,he ront egs respacedarapart han he earones. lso, helegsaresplayed uhvard rom bottomtop by 2o . Consequently,he b
stretchers,eat ail, andslatsarepgressivelyongerowardshe opoichair.Refero the cutting ist on p27 or precise imensions.
ANATOMYFANENFIETDIDE HAIR
Kear leg
)ide aeat rail
Front aeat rail
Front atretcher
Front. eq
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CHAIRS
ITEM
Legs
Seatail*
Stretchers*
Slats
Rear
Front
Front
BackSide
Front
Back
Side
Top
Midd le
Bottom
OTY
2
z
I
12
z
I
4
1
1
I
t
4 r %
19Y^
r8 %
I4Y,I4
I8Y,
r3%
T 4
I43/4
r4 %
W(lRDIAM.
IY4
IY4
I
11
%
3A
3A
2%
23/4
274
Y4
Y'
Y4
ThecherryEnfield ide hairshown
aboveeatures iber rushseatand a
tungoil inish,which ombineo create
a warm andnaturalappearanca
96' \ Rear 96 '
aeat--\
84" rail \ 84"
Kear
leo
Asshownn he opview f he
side hair1eft, op), he ront
legs reparallel,ut he earones re ngledlightlypart y
2".The lats reoinedo he
rear egs ta slight ngle. he
sideview left,bottod illus-
trateshechair's ackwardean.
Althoughhisdesigneature
Sideaeatrail
Front eliminatesheneedo bendhe
te q rear egs,he oints equireare-
ful execution.
SIDEVIEW
1l
\, , \
\17"
\
\
\18 "
t\\
\113/u"
*Note:Measurementsncludeenonengths.
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CHAIRS
PTANNINGHE ()B
Usingstory oleTohelp ou ize ndpreparehechairegs,mark ey imen-sions nd he o cationf mort isesna shop-madetory ole.Maderoma str ip f plywood,hestory ole hown boveincludeshe ength f he rontand earegs, nd heplace-
ment f hestretcher,ai l , nd latmort ises.efero he ideviewl lustrat ionf heEnfieldhai r npage27or heheight
PREPARINGHE EGS.AITSND TRETCHERS
1 Routinghe latmortises
I in he earegs0utl ineheslatmort isesnyourearegblankssinghe tory ole hownbove,centeringheoutl inesn he nsideaceofeach lank. hen ecurene f heblanks etweenench ogs.nstal l %-inchmort i s ingi t na routerqu ippedwithanedge uide. enterhebitoverthemortiseutl ine ndadjustheedgeguideo but tagainsthestock; se hesecondegblanko supporthe outer.Make everalasses,ncreasinghecut-
t ingdepth i theach ass nti l hemor-t ise scompletedo a depth f%inch.Repeato routhe emainingort isesnboth lanksright),Ihenquarehecor-ners f hecavit iesi th chisel.
ofeach lement.hemarksn he igcan hen eusedo cthe eg lankso engthnd utl inehemortisesn h eblaNotehat hemortisesor he ront rback t retchersr aareoffset /zinch owerhan hemortisesor heside nesavoid eakeninghe egs. abelhestory ole ndkeept future hair-making.
FronL e1
9tory pole
)lat mortiaemark Kear e4
E N F I E L . DC I A I R I E G S F
s a
' F
5
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CHAIRS
Turninghe inials n he earegs
Start ycutt inghe ovehat eparateshe inialrom he
cy l i nd r i ca lec t i on f he eg .U sea rough ingouge t i r s t ,
t hen w i t cho a sp i nd l e ouge . o ld inghe oo l n an unde r -
hand r ipand ubb i nghe beve l n hes t ock , l i ce n t o he
w ood ndm ake scoop i ngu tdow n he m i dd l e f hecove
r) Turninghe ear egs
L Place rear egblank etweenen-
tersonyour athe, os i t ionhe ool est
as c l ose s poss i b l eo the workp iece
w i t h o u to u c h i n gt , a n d u r no n h em ach i ne . uppo r t i ngrough ingouge
on he ool est , arefu l l y ove he bevel
un t i l t ouchesheb l ank nd hecu t t i ng
edge ta r t s emov ing as te . on t i nue
work ing l la l onghe eng t h f he b l ank
unt i lyou orma cy l inder lef t ) ,wi th he
bevel ubbing nd he oolpo int ingn he
di rect ionf hecut .
(above,eff). witchoa skew hiseloshapehe inial . ettheblade n he ool est nd dvancet unti l t cuts nto hestock. hapehe inial sdesired,akingurehebevels ub-
bing hroughouthecut (above,ight). se andpapero shapethe ip .Turnheothereareg nd ts in ia lhe ame ay.
29
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CHAIRS
Turninghe ails nd tretchersTurnhe a i l s nd t re tc herss ou
d i d t h c r p a r p o s ( n a o p 2 Q l r r s i n o : n : r i -\ f e b e 1 J ' '
i np oo l o r : r r the enons t heends f
o a c h n i o c p( r i o h f )
F n c , t v p : c , n r r o i t h vt t t b t t ' / . ' ' ' J v '
mak inghed iamete rf he enons qua l
to thatof the bi t youwi l l use o bore hem n r i i s p q ( n a o p ? / ) T h p i p n n n l p n o i h
r r q b v v
sh o u l deo n e -h a l fh e h i ckn e ssf h elegs. inal ly,urn he ront egs.
MAKING HESLATS
1 Steaminshe latst -
I Se tup a s teamrngig . e fe r r ingo he back ndpaperor
cons t ruc t ione ta i l s . l so ave bend ingig ready s tep ) .
Tu rnon hes team ource ndmark hecen te r f each la t .
Once team eg inso escaperom he1 ig ' s ra in o le , lace
s la t ns ide . loseheendcap igh t l y nd e t hewood team
unt i l t issoft .Asa rough uide, team ir-dr iedumberoro
hour er nchof hickness;al f hat ime orgreen ood.
sca ld ingour ands ywear ing o rk loves ndus ing on
to hand lehes tock above) .l acehe nex t l a t n the ig
bend hesteamedlatwithout elay.
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CHAIRS
r) Bendinghe lats to makehebendingorm hown bove,enterhemortisesor heoowers
alonghe ength f hesupportoards.he istanceetweenhe wooutsidedowelshould esl ightlyesshan hespan fa slatwhent iscurved.ssoonasyou emoveslat rom hesteamer,uicklyi t t betweenhedowels.enterheslats gainsthemiddle owel nd ushheends ehrndheoutsideowels.
Alternatehedirectionf heslatsoequal izeressuren he ig.
PREPARINGHE EGSORHE AITSND TRETCHERS
Q Preparinghe latsor heirmortisesr- , f Let he lats ry n hebendingorm ora coup lefdays,hen est - f i them n her e a r e s s : n d c r r t h c m t n l p n o i h F n r 2 q n r o
' " " b . " . '
f i t , sand heends f hes la t s n a sp ind le
shaper . a re fu l l yand ow n hepa r t f he
back ace hatwill it into he mort iseabovd;
checkhe i t per iodical lysyougo.A gouge
canalso e used o cut awav aste nt i l ou
have good it.
' lPreparinghe ront egs or
I the ront ai lsandstretchers
Theonly oundmort isesn heEnfeld hair
thatare r i l led t 90 'are hosen he ront
legsor he ront a i l s ndst retchers.se
your tory ole page 8) o outl inehe hole
locat ionsn he ront egs ndbore hem
onyour r i l lpress. uta V-shapededge
outof a wood lock, reat ing ig hatwi l l
c rad lehe egs s ou r i l l heholes.nsta l l
b i t he ame iameters he a i lnd t re tch-e r enons ,nd l amphe ig o hem ach i ne
t ab l e o hebo t tom f heV iscen te red
unde rheb i t .Then lacehe eg n he ig
and e t hedr i l l i ng ep tho s l i gh t l y o re
than he enonength aboutwo-thi rdshe
s t ock iameter .o ld inghe egwi thone
hand, ore he mortrses/ef t , ) . epeator
theotherront eg.
2"x 2 "
oupportboard
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CHAIRS
r) Preparinghe ear egs or
L me back ailsan dstretchers
Themort isesn herear egs or he b
rai ls ndstretchersustbeangled o
by2' to compensateor hesl ight p ln r r i n f t h o h : r ' k l p s q S p f n n p n f t h p l p
uprrghtn a bench ise,making ure
vert ical . sea protractoro adjust s
ingbevelo 92".Wrap str ip f mas
tape roundheb i t o mark hedr i l l
depth-aboutwo{hirdshe egdiam
To help ouhold he dr i l lat he corr
angle syoubore hehole, ape he h
dleof hesl id ing evelo he eg ndk
the b i t pa ra l l e lo the b lade f the o
Stop r i l l ing nce hedepth lagcon
thestock.Reoeathe orocesso dr i l lremainingolesn both egs /el t ) ,e
t i on inghe eg n hev ise nd hes l ih c v p l n n t h p l p o 2 q n p . p (---ssary.
C Gluinghe ront ndback ails, tretchers,nd lats o he egs
r -J Be fo re r i l l i nsheho lesn he ess o r hes ide a i l s nd
s t re tchers ,r r . rb l . t he ron t egs nO hen he rear egs .
Start ing i th he ront egs, pread lue n he ai landstretcher
tenons nd n the egmor t i sesnd i t t he p iecesoge t
Tap he oints nto inalposi t ion i tha wooden al let .Re
for he ear egs, lu ingheslats n place swel l above)
W
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CHAIRS
Preparinghe egsorthe ide ails nd tretchers
Themor t i sesn he ecs o r hes ide a i l s
ands t re t chers us tbe d r i l l ed t com-
pound ng les- they reang l edn bo t hthe hor izonta lndver t ica l lanes. tar t
by secu r i ng neof t he rear egs n a
h a n d s c r e wn dc l a m p i n gh ea s s e m b l y
upr ighto a work ur face. henuse he
cha i r ea t nds ide i ews n page 7 , a
protractor,nda sl iding evelo determine
t h ed r i l l i n g n g l e sy o ud i d n s t e p .
B u t ns t eadf ap ingwos l i d ing eve l s
to thestock, ut wosquare ieces f p ly-
wood, lamping ne o the eg o indicate
thever t i ca l ng l e nd hesecondo he
rai lor s t re tcheror he hor izonta lng le.Fo reach o l e , l i gn he b i t w i t h he op
edge f hever t i ca lu ide l abe l edIDE
in he l lustrat ion)nd heside dge f he
hor izonta lu ide labeled 0P) (r ight) .
Again, top r i l l ing hen hedr i l l ing epth
f l a g o n t a c t sh es t o c k .U s i n g i m i l a r
methods,r i l l he ront egassembly.
ASSEMBTINGHECHAIR
Gluingp hechai r
0ncea l l hemor t i sesredr i l l ed , p r eadg lue n he enons f hes i de a i l s nd
stretchersnd n he mor t ises,nd i t the
niecesopetherJse wooden al le t nd
a wood locko tapal l he ointsnto ina l
posi t ionlef t ) . Ihen et hechai r pr ight .
The our egs hould l lbe la ton he loor .
l f no t , oumayhave o app l y r m bu t
gent lewist ingo oneor more f he con-
nect ionso coax he egs ntoposi t ion.
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RUSHSEAT
f, arlyShaker hairs,ike he En
I-.i chair featured n the precepages, ere inishedwith rushseTraditionally,he ushwasnatural,
sisting f marsh rasswistednto a cwhich waswoven n a centerdiam
Dattern ver he rame.Rush eat
bothcomfortablenddurable, nd
bedonen anhourandahalforsooyou get heknack.
This section hows ow to rus
chairseatwith a morecontemDmaterial-tough-grade,iber
^pa
twistednto ongstrands,nownas
or manila ush.Craftsupply ealeusually oodsources fidvice for
appropriateize ndamountof rneededor aparticular roject.Be
starting, prayhe ndividuallengrushwith water o keep hempliab
A iberrushseat s woven ntoa Shaker-inspirednfield hair.
Usinghk traditionalmaterial nd hesimpleechniqueor install-
ing t can mpart a charming ppearanceo anystick-stylehair.
RUSHINGCHAIREAT
1 Bridginghe rontailI Sincehe ai lshat ormhe eat fan Enfe ld ha i r onot orm souare.youmustuse usho create squareeatframe.Measurehedifferencen ength
betweenhe ront ndback eat ails nd
divideourmeasurementn half.Measureyour esult longhe ront ai l rom ach
of he ront egs ndmake mark n herai l .Tack length f sl ightlyampened
rushinghat saboutwicehe engthf hefront ai l o he nside fa side ai l bout
2 inchesrom he ront eg. oophe usharoundhe ront ail rom nderneath,hen
aroundhe ide ail rom nderneath.ring
the ush crosshe ront ai land ooot
aroundheother ide ai land he ront
rail n hesamemannerright). oldingthe ushaut, ack t o heside ai l ppo-
site he irst ack.
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CHAIRS
r) Squaringhe eatrameL Fasten length f rush longsidehef i rs t ne, s inghe echn iqueescr ibeinsteo . Looot aroundhe ront nd
side ai ls,ike he irst trands,nd asteni t o heopposi tea i l .Cont inuedd inglengths f rush left)untilyou eachheoffsetmarks oumade n he ont ai l .R o c r r r p t n l r p p n l h e r r r c L ^ ^ + ; - L + ^ - r
L w r \ u L p L r r L I u J l l d J L l B l l t d l l U
s , t r : i oh i : s nnsc ih lc
usinghesame atternabove,ight).When ouget o theendofa engh f ush, lampt emporarilyo heseatrameokeepttaut nd ttacht o a new iece sing figure ight not. ocatetheknots n heundersidef heseat o heywillno tbevisible.
WeavingcompleteircuitOnceou ave quaredheseatrame,ou anbeginushing
theseat llaroundhe rame. orkingith napproximately0-foot engh f ush,ackt o he ide ail earhe earegs nd oopit aroundll he ails bove,eft). eep orkingroundhechair
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CHAIRS
,{Checkingheweaveorsquare
- fOnce veryhirdor ourth ircui t ,
checkwhetherhesides f heseat r
pe rpend icu la ro each the r .Ho ld in
the eng th f rush n a co i lw i thonehand , u t ta t r ysquaren one o rne
of heseat lefD.Ihe andle ndblad
of thesquare hould est lushagain
the ushing.f not,use f lat- t ip crew
drivero straightenheside hat s ou
o f -square ,ush inghe ast i r cu i t o
ins ta l l edga ins thead jacen t nes
Repea t t the rema in ingorners f
the seat.
f,Stuffinghe seat
, . ,1Once he ushinssaboutwolhirds
done, t is ime o provrOextra adding
by stuffing he seat.To preventhe rush
from lackening,sea spr ing lamp o
securehe ooseeng th ouare ns ta l l -
ing o a seat ai l .Use ardboardor he
paddrng,utt ing ne r iangularieceor
each ide f heseat o hat he r iangle 's
long ide ssl ight lyhorterhan heseat
ra i l . l i p hepadd ingnderhe ush ing(righ),Ihen rim he ips f theyoverlapn
thecenter. ont inuehe normal i rcui t s
before nt i l he woside ai ls re overed.
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CHAIRS
4iCompletinghebridge
\ ,1 S ince heseat n an Enfe ld ha i r s
deepe rhan t i sw i de ,he ush i nge i ng
ins ta l l edn hes i de a i l s i l lm ee t n he
middle f heseat e forehe ush n hef r on tandback a i l s .Once h i soccu r s ,
use t echn i quenow n sbr i dg ingo l l
t hegap .Loop he ush i ng n he ron t
andback a i l swi tha f gure-e ightat tern
weave, ass inghe rushover he back
rai l ,down hroughhe center , nderhe
sea t ndup a r oundhe r on t a il . hen
br ingherush ver heseat rom he ront
ra i landback ow n h r oughhecen t e r( r ioh f ) Pac ,e ,he r r rsh r rndc r the cp : t\ t t b t t e ' '
com eupa r oundheback a i l ga i n nd
r o n p : i t h p n r n n o d r r r p
7 Finishinshe obT -
/ O nce ouhave r i dgedhe gap
betweenhe rontandback a i l s , e t he
cha i r ps i de ow n na work ab l e nd
tack he ast t rand f rush o theunder -
sideof the backseat ai l (left).Cu toff
the excess.
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SHAKERROCKING HAIR
he Shaker ocker shownbelow thenboredwith an electricdrill (page
32); hemortisesmustbe angled " tocompensateor the outward play f thelegs romthebottom o the op.
Drilling he mortisesn the egs ortheotherstretchersnd ails s simolerbecausehere reno holes tcomooundangles. he mortisesor the ront railsandstretchersre90o oles hatcanbeboredon the drill presspage 1).The
mortisesor heside ailsandstretccanbeboredwith a drill andshop-mdrilling uidespage 3);adjusthe
TO
guide o the appropriatengle, nd
up the SIDE"guide t 90".The ollowing ages resente
niques hat areunique o buildinShaker ocker,ncludingbendingrear egs page 0),andmakinghearand ockerspage 1).
shares any eaturesndbuildingtechniques ith the Enfield idechair.Forexample,he crest ail mortisesn
the earlegsre outed page2|)beforethe eg s re urnedandbent. ln thischair, he rear egs rebent rom thearms o the op, nstead f being antedback,ason the Enfield.) he mortisesfor thebackstretchers,ail,andslats re
ANATOMYFA SHAKEROGKINGHAIR
Kear ea
Arm
Arm butLon
Railandstretcherto legjoint
Leg oroakerjoint
\
tr
Front le4
)tetcher
Creat rail
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THTEM
Legs
Seatails*
Stretchers*
Arms
Rockers
Slats*
Crestail
front*
rear
front
back
side
frontback
side
top
bottom
CHAIRS
W ORDIAM.
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Built in HancockShakerVillage,
the rockershown abovefeaturesa woven-splint eat.TheShakers
made this seatingfrom wood,
which they soaked n waterforseveralweeks, hen split into
long strips nd wovearound he
seat ails.
'IDEVIEWKear eq
TOPVIEW
Asshownn heoverheadiew f herocking hak |eft, op),therontof
the eatswiderhan heback nd hetopsof he ear egs re arther partat he op han hebottom. sa result,
the ails nd lats reprogressively
longerrom hebottomo he opof
thechair. ike he earegs,heslatsare team-bentorcomfort. he rontlegs reparallelo he ront ails ndstretchersllsharehesameengh.
Asshownn hesideuiew |eft,
bottom),heside ails ndstretchersare erpendicularo he egsn he
vertical xis. comfortablenglesachievedybendinghe earegs,
ratherhan ncl ininghem. or al-
ance,he ockersontactheground
2 to 3 inchesn ront f he earegs.The llustrationsnd uttingis tpro-
vide ppropriateimensionsndangleshaiyou an ransferoyour
storypole page &.
Front aeat rail
\',1"
' % '
\\
t
*Notes:Dimens ionsnc ludeenon eneths.
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CHAIRS
PREPARINGHEREAREGS
r) Preparinghe egs or he ockers
L Oncehe egsare ry,markholesor he screwshatwi l l
fastenhe egs o the rockers;ocate hole n each egabout
inch rom he bottom nd.Cuta V-shapededge utof a wood
b lock , rea t ing ig ha tw i l l ho ld he egs syoubore he
ho les . l amphe ig o your r i l lp ressab le o hebo t tom f
theV i scen te rednder heb i t .Then lacehe eg n he ig
anda l ign hemarked o in tw i th heb i t .Ho ld inghe egwr th
onehand, ore countersunkole hree-quartersf the way
1 Bendinshe esst -
I Rout hecrest a i lmort isesn the ear egs page 8), u
themonyour athe page 9), hensteamhe egs page 0)for bending.o bend hem o theproper rc,usea shop-mj ig, ike heoneshown t ef t .For he ig base, ut a piece
plywoodongerhan he egs,henmake he bendingorm r
a piece f sol id tock l ight lyhickerhan he egdiameter
yourband aw, ut the desired urve-about10"-on bot
edges f he orm, tart inghecutabout al fway p he boa
Then crew he orm o the base nd asten stopblockon
each ideof thestraight ort ion f he orm; hegapbetwe
the blocks nd he ormshould qual he egdiameter. sso
asyou ake he egs rom he s teamer ,e t hemon he ig
betweenhe ormand he blocks, l igningthe oint n he e
thatwi l l be oinedo theseat ai lswith hestart f hecurvcut on he orm.Then, rotect inghe stockwithwoodpad
instal l bar lamp ustbelowheslatmort iseso bend he e
snugly gainsthe orm.Securehe opof he egs gainsth
formusing handscrew/eff).
throughhe stock above,eft) . fhenout l ine notch n he
bo t tom ndo f each egperpend icu la ro he ho le ,mak ing
widthequalo the hicknessf he rockersnd ts height b
one-hal fhe ocker eight. ut hesides f he notchesnyo
band aw, hen emovehewaste etweenhe kerfs, havin
awayhewood n hin ayers i tha chisel . lamp stopbloc
in place i than arccutoutof one ace o steadyheworkp
bbove, right).
- -a,l F d
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CHAIRS
HEARMSANDTHEROCKERS
Cutt inghearms nd ockers
o theana t om yl l us t ra t i on
npage
8, make templateor he arms.heshape none r mb l ank ,hen
ip he emplate ver ndout l inehesec-
ndarm; hiswi l lensurehat he woare
mages f each ther .Oneach rm,
mark hemor t isehatwi l laccepthe
endof he ront eg.Cut
o shape nyourbandsaw right).
he orocesso saw he rockers.
r) Preparinghearms orassembly
Z A t t t r oushhe enons t t he ends fr ound ar t s f hecha i r - l i ke he egs ,
rai ls. t retchers.ndslats-canbedone
on he lathe page 0), he tenons t the
back ndo f hea r m s anno t e u r ned .
Ins tead ,ns ta l l dowe l u t t e r nyou r
dr i l lp r ess ,i l t hem ach i neab l e 0 " and
c l am o hea rm n o l ace r th he e non-
endcen t e r ednde rhecu t te r . e t he
dr i l l r ngep t h tone-ha l fhe eg i am e t e r
thencut the enon /eff).
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CHAIRS
ASSEMBLINGHEROCKINGHAIR
'l Gluinghe ront nd earegassembliesogetherl -
I Gluing p he ockinghair o l lows uch hesame roce-
dure sed o r he En f ie ld ha i r .S ta r t ya t tach inghecres tra i l .s la ts . a i l s . nds t re tcherso the wo ear eps napc
33 , ) . hen lue he a rms , a i l s , nds t re tcherso the ron t
legs.nce headhesiveas ured,preadlue n he enothe ide ai ls nd tretchersnd n heirmort isesn he egfi t he woassembliesogetherabovd. se dead-blowamto ap he. lo in tsn to na l os i t ion .
/t\=
r) Makinghear mbuttons
L Preparewoblanks nddr i l la mort ise
hal fwayhrough ach ne izedo accept
the enon t the opendof he ront egs.
Glue length f doweln each ole,hen
use hedowelo mount neof heblanks
onyour athe. urn he button o shape,
then mootht wi thsandoaoerhi le t is
still spinning n he lathe righil.Remoue
thebuttonrom he machine nddr i l lout
thedowel.
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CHAIRS
Attachinghe egs o he ockers
Set he ockersna flatsurfacendositronhechair n hem o he eareg s
itabout inchesehindhepoint hereontacthesurface. se
o shaoehebottom f henotches
in he e gs o hey ieperfectlyla ton heockers,henmarkhescrew oles n he
f he ockers,singheholesn
he egs sa gurde. emovehe hair ndho le teachmark, e t hecha i r
psideown, nd epositionhe ockers
chair.Now crewhe ess nd
ogetherright).
t) Installinshearm uttons<
r-,1Once oth rmbuttons re eady,
spreadluen heirmort isesnd n he
tenons t he opendof he ront egs.
Then ositionhebuttonsn hearms/eft).
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TAPESEAT
Q haker ape, al led ist ingby therJ Shakers,egan o supplant thertlpes of woven eatmaterials fter1830.Its rangeof colors, eatappearance,
durabilitv. ndease f installationmadeit ideal or furniturebuilders ent onproducing ualitygoodsasefficiently
aspossible.nd unlikecane r othernaturally ccurringmaterials,apedoes
not dry out or split;nor doest pinch
or snag lothing.Shownbelowand on the ollowing
pages, eavings airlysimple.One engthof tape, alled hewarp, s anchoredo
the side ailsandwrapped roundfrontandbackseat ails n adjoirows.A secondength, alledhewe
wovenalternatelynderand ove
strandshat orm hewarp.Looseare oinedby weavinghem bacthemselves,nsuring hat the r
alwavsemain arallel.Shakerapeisavailablen %-an
inchwidths rom folk-artsuppliers
canweavehe basic abbystyle hin this section r create wideva
of designshat nclude asic ndcplexgeometrichapes.
TheShakerockinghair hownat left eatures anvasape eat-
ing aswellasa tapeback.
WEAVINGTAPE EAT
1Anchoringhewarpow s
I Tack lengthf ape o he nside f a side eatailabout2 inchesrom he eareg o hat he apesparal lelo he ai l .Loophe ape roundheback ai l rom nderneath,nsur ing
th eedge f hematerialutts gainsthe earegbbove).Wthe ape roundhe ront ai landpul l t owardshebackfrom nderneath.
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CHAIRS
r) Stuffingheseat
I Conlinuerappinghewarp roundthe ront nd ackai lsrom nderneathmakingure djoiningows f ape re n
contact.heweavehould e ight, utnot o aut hat heresnoplayor heweft owso bewoven etweenhewarp
rows. nce ou re bout alfwayo heoppositeide ai l , t is ime ostuff heseat. ooreventhe aoe rom lacken-
ing, ie he ooseength f ape o one f
thes la ts . uy p iece f 1- inch- th ick
foam addingom cra f t upp lyrhardwaretore nd ut t witha craftkni feo i t withinhe eatai ls. l ip hepadding etweenhe ape ayersleft),
centerinet betweenhe ai ls.
Completinghewarp
Continueeavinghewarp ows
unti l ou eachheoppositeide ai l ndtheback eatai l sentirelyrappedn
tape. henemporari lyack he oose
length f ape o heside ai l below)
and utoff he oosend.
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CHAIRS
StartingheweftSet hechair pside own n a w
surfacehatwi l lenableouoworkfortably.tart inglongheback ea
oppositeheplace hereoubeganhwarp,l ip heend f heweftape nthe irst trand f hewarp, verhen
and ont inuei th h isunder-andweaventil ou eachhe astwarp tPu l l heexcessapehrough,eaviinchesrsoat he tart ingoint.Wethispart ack n tsel foanchorhein place left). l ip hechair prigand ontinueeavingn he opsidtheseat.
f,Fillinghe apsn hewarp
r-,/ Weavebouthree ows fweft,he nb e g i ni l l i n gn h e r i a n g u l a ra p se f ta longheside a i l s hereou nsta l ledthewarp. ut engthfwarpapeongenoughoweavewo ows f seating,lus
about inches,nd l ip he ape nderthe as t trand fweft eneathheseatandaroundhe ront eat ai l , utt ingtagainsthe ast ow fwarp ouwovenstep . Then eturno hebackai l , ass-
ing he ape nderhe astweft ow ndoverhesecondne right).Weavenotherwarp ow dlacento he ast nehesameway. eaveheexcessangingornow;youwi l lbeab leoweavet n to he ub-sequent eft ows.Weavehreemore eftrows nd epeathegap-f i l l ingrocess.
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CHAIRS
SplicingapeI lf you unou tof ape eforeinishinghewarp r heweft,ouwil lneedo oin woends. ou an t i tchhem ogether
hread, uta simpler ethods o startweavingnewt a point bout inches eforeheendof he irst
tape bovd, verlappinghe apes ndbindinghemogetherby r ic t ion . seh is echn iquen heunders idef heseatwi th hecha i r ps ideown o hatnoseamsrbu lges i l lbe i s ib le .
tr l Completingheweft ows\,f Continueeavingheweft,wrappingeach ow roundheside ai ls ndweav-ingover ndunderhewarp owsleft).
Avoidwist inghematerial .s ou inisheach ow, ul l t ightagainstheprevious
onewith our ngers. syouwork our
way owardheside a i l , hewarp i l l
becomencreasinglyight. omake pacefo r heweft, lide blunt nife etweenthewarp ows snecessary.hen ou
haveaiddownhe nalweft ow,weaveit back n tsel fo hold t in place. lsoweaven any oose nds f ape n heundersidef heseat.
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N,{EETINGHOUSEENCH
-[ t h. meetinghouseench erved saI pew or heShakers.ur ing er-
vices,he aithfulwould itand istenoa sermondelivered y an elder.At the
close f hemeeting,hebenchesouldbemoved ut of thewayandhung rom
a pegboardpage138).Wth the loor
cleared,he Shakers'itualdancing-
Madeof cherrywith a pineseat,
themeetinghouseench hown t
Ieft s modeled fter hose sedby
Shaker orshippers.ecauseeo-
pleare arger han heywere n the
Shakers'ime. heseat s wider
than hat of an originalbench.
from which heyderive heir nam
wouldbegin.Although anyShakerommu
hadbenches f the style hown n
section,he design s believedo originatedn Enfield,NewHamp
Typically,he crest ail, egs, nds
dleswerebuilt from mapleor ch
and the seat rom pine.Many e
examplesemain ntact,asa res
sound onstruction nd carefu
dlingby their makers.As shownbelow, he bench'
are aked o the ront andback,bunotsplayedideways.hespindle
crest ai l are apered nd the ra
angled t heends.
ANATOMYFA MEETINGHOUSEENCH
Crearail
D
I
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CHAIRS
OTY
I1
1 1
4
2
t
4444
I 4
I 7
I 4
CUTTINGIST
ITEM
SeatCrestail
Q n i n d l p c *
I poq*
Stretchers*
W ORDIA.
I 44
%
LY,
%
TH
L %%
*Note:Dimens ionsnc ludeenon eneths
PREPARINGHE EAT
1Drillinghe egholes
I Clamp our eat lank ottom-facepona work urfacendmark referenceineacrosshesurface inchesrom
nd, henpinpointheholesor he egs;heback olesrom heback dge f heseat nd he
hould e 1% nchesrom he ront dge. i tarace i tha spoon i t hesame iameters he egs.
ohe lp ou r i l l heho les t he orrect ;s f tspo lem:kc
twoguidesroma short ood crap,miteringheguideorthe ront egs t 5" and heone or heback egs t 15" .Set heappropriateuide nedge n he ef erenceine fewinchesrom heholemark ndhold heb i tpara l le lo hemitered dge f heguide. he n ore he hole abovd, top-pingwhen ouareaboutwo-thirdsf heway hroughhestock-about nch eep.
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CHAIRS
r) Dri l l inghe pindleolesf- Boreheholesor heseat pindlessing our ri l lpress
and shop-madeig .Mark re fe renceine n he op aceof heseat aral lelo heback dge nd1 inch wayrom t .Thenmarkhesp ind leo les ,tar t ingbout % nchesromtheends nd pacinghe emain ingo les qua l ly .oensurethat hespindlesre i l ted ack t hecorrectngle, djustprotractoro 10"anduse heshop-madei l ted ableigshown
aboveo i l t heseatn re la t iono heb i t .For he ig , e tp iece f p lywoodn hemachineab le , laceheseat lank
on op, nd l ip 2-by-2 nderhep lywoodara l le li thback dge. oldingheprotractorase n heseat nd hblade exto hebit, eposit ionhe2-by-2 nti l hebladparallelo hebi t (above,efil. henscrewheZ-by-2Iohewood nd lamphe ig o hemachineable. odri l l hehset hedr i l l i ng epth t wo- th i rdsheseath icknessthe irstmark nderhebit,and lamp boardo he iga
fence longhe eatront 'sdge. hen, oldinghe eat gthe ence, ore ach olebbove, ight).
QPreparingoshapehe eat'sop
r.,l Cut he ecess n heseat'sopsur-face nyourable aw. tart ymarking
theprofi le f heseat n heworkpiece.Referringo heanatomyl lustrat ionnpage 8,outl inehe hapef heends n
thebottomace nd nd rain f heblank.Tooutlinehe ecess,et heseatop ace-down nyour ab le aw nd rankhebladeo hedesiredepth fcut .Posit iontheseat o he ecess i l lbecenteredbetweenhemidd le nd heback dge,then ut l ineheb lade n heend f he
s tock ndmark re ferenceine n hesaw able longheseat'srontedgerighil.
Now lamp board sa guide o hat ts
edgesal igned i th he eferenceine.
Trotractor
/ )
a''7i_
\ Keference line
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CHAIRS
f ,Shapinghe opof heseat
s, / C lamp he seat ace-up n a worksur face nd marka
guidel inelong he ength f the recessoucut asa reminder
of wherehecurved ort ion f theseat opwi l lend.Referr ing
to theout l ine n heendof hestock, se hand laneo f in-
is hshapinghe seat op (above),emoving aste romend o
e n da n da l w a y su t t i n g i t h h eg r a i n . o n t i n u en t i l y o u
reach our ut l ine.
,{Cutt inghe ecessn heseat op
-TAdjusthe blade o a cutt ing eight f
' / ,uinch.Slowlyeed he seatacrosshe
t a b l e i t ho n eh a n d , h i l e r e s s i n gt
aga i ns thegu i de oard i t h he o ther .Make s manypassess necessarynt i l
theblade ut l ine n heendof hestock
disappearsleft), aisinghe blade%unch
at a t ime.Fora smooth n ish, a isehe
blade ery l ight ly ndmake f na lpass.
Cuttingheends f he eatFol lowinghecut t ingines n he op ace f heseat , u t
endsonyourbandsaw above). eep heworkpiecelat on
machineable syou eed t, hen andhecutends mooth.
the
the
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CHAIRS
I Shapingheundersidef he eat
I Theends nd ront dge f heseare eveledn tsunderside.evelhfront dge f heseat nyourable a
t i l t inghebladeo a 45' angle.he narebest hapedyhandwitha carve
drawknife.lamoheseatace-dowa work urface.hen, oldinghe ooboth ands i th heblade evel-doa 45 'ang leo he n d f he eat , u
towardou o shave ff waste ood le
Onceou re atisfiedith hebevel,theends mooth.
JOININGHELEGS OTHESEAT
1Preparinghe egsor he tretchers
I Turn he egs nyouralhe page 8),taperinghem o a diameterf % nch
at he opdtld %oinch t hebottom. lso
turn hestretchersnto ylinders,orminga tenon page 9)at each nd.Toensure
that hes t re tchero lesn he egs i l lbeat hecor rec tng le ,r i l l hemwi th
th eseatace-downnawork urfacendthe egs ry - ft ted n he i r o lesn he
seat .nsta l l spade i t n ane lect r i cdr i l landwrap st r ip f maskingapearoundhebit omarkhedri l l ingepth-
about ne-ha l fhed iameterf he eg.A lsomark po in t a l fwaypeacheg(seeheanatomynpage 8).Then old-ing he eg n tshole nd hebitparal lel
to heseat urface,ri l l hehole t hemark, topp inghenhemaskingapecontactshe stock right).
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CHAIRS
Preparinghe egs nd
stretchersorwedges
Reinforcehe oints onnectinghe egso
theseat nd hestretcherso he egs ith
wedges.ut he kerfsor hewedgesnyour and aw.When ou re erfng helegs, o ldhe eg n hemachineab le
with hestretcherole acing tr aightp.
Thiswi l lensurehat hewedgesn he
legs re erpendicularo hegrain f he
seat, reventingheseatrom pli t t ing.Feedheworkpiecento heblade,l icing
a kerf o a depthof about z nch righil.
Cut hekerfsn hestretchershesame
way,makingurehat hewedgesi l lbeperpendicularo hegrain f he egs.
Q Gluingp he eg s nd tretchers
r.,l To makewedgesor he kerfs, ut
some ardwoodiecesn heband awsl ightlyesshan% nch ong nd% nch
th ick t hebase,aper ingo a pornt .
Start ygluinghestretcherso he egs.
Spreadome dhesiven hewedgesnd
in hekerfs swel lason hestretchertenonsnd hemortisesn he egs, nd
inserthewedgesnto heir erfs. i t hestretchernd egsogether,sing wood-
enmalleto ap hepiecesnto inal osi-
tion.You an eavehewedgesrotrudin
from hekerfs insef);heywil lsi t ushwith heends f he egs nd tretcherswhen ou ap he ointsogether.ext,gluehewedgesnto he egs, preaddhe-sive n hecontactingurfacesetween
the egs nd heseat, nd ap he egsintoposition/eff,).
r--)V.,
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CHAIRS
Sawinghe egso engthThe echniquehown bove i l lens
tha ta l l ou r egs reprec ise lyhesam
length. ut ourwood locksroma sin
board ,henno tch neo f the b locksf t around leg insei l .Placehe blo
aroundhe rst eg o becut.Holding
leg rm lyw i thonehand , u t t to s i z
w i tha f ush -cu t t i ngaw.Once he rs
leg s r immed,emovehenotched lo
and ep lacet w i thone f he ema in
blocks. osi t ionhenotched iece rou
thenext egandmakehecut.Cont inu
this wayuntilall our egsar ecu t (righ
l f youwant he bencho have backw
s lan t , acksh ims o the bo t toms f th
front egs eforer imminghe egs.
GTUINGHECREST AILANDSPINDLES()THESEAT'l
Preparinghecrest ail or hespindles
I Cu t hec res t a i l o s i ze ,henmarkthespindle oles n tsbottom dge, sing
theholes oudr i l led n heseat sa guide.
C lamp p iece f p lywoodsanaux i l i a ry
table oyour r i l lpress,nstal l brad-point
bi t ,andadlusthedr i l l ing eptho about
1 inch .A l ign he rs tho lemarkunder
t h e b i t a n dc l a m p b o a r do h ea u x i l -
iary able lush gainsthe ace f he ai l .
Th isw i l lse rve sa fence o oos i t i onhe
rai l .Butt inghe ai lagainsthe ence, r i l l
the holes righil.
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CHAIRS
) Gluingp he pindlesnd restai lseatace-uona work ur-
hen preadlue n h eends f he
nd n heholesn heseat nd
hecrest a i l .F i t hesn ind lesnto heappingach ne nto inal osi t ion
a dead-blowammerabove).nce
he pindlesre nplace,i t he ai l n
opand ap t nto osit ion.or ddit ionalou anpeg he oin ts
hesoindlend he eat nd ai l
each nd f hebench. r i l lhepeg
nto he pindleshroughheback
f heseat nd heoutsideace f
ol lowingheprocedurexplained
npage 10.
illrlltjil ilJliIllJlltli ]l]tillrJlll lll lt IJllllil lil
1HO?TI?laperinglhe areElrailon a planerlf you wiehNo a?er the crest, ailof the bench oXhe op edqe onirrowe, han ti e bot t om,usea Nhickneeelaner nda bhop-maejig.Fo rNheiq , ack two woodetriVe o a boardNhat s longer ndwider han the rail.Oneof he eLrioe hould e wiceas thick as heoIher, nd he 4apbeNweenhem hould eabout,1nch eeshanNh ewidlhof the rail,ClampNhei4 LoNhe lan'er ableso Lheboard ndNhe Nrioe xtendlromeachsideof the machine y eeveral J;i,inches. ow urn on he planer nd makea Dao6hrouah he machine ith he
bottom edqebf he rail fluehayainol heNhickertripandlhetop edqe roVpedVonlhethinner tr iV.l l takee many?aeoeoao necelearyNoachieve hedesiredtaper .ThenNurn lhea i lover ndrepeat, he proceee,Nhie ime
with Lhe rail'e boLIom
edgebuLbedqainotNhehinner lr ip,aeshown bove,
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"'w*{
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he early ears f Shakercommunitieswerefar
from bountiful.As one esi-dentof theHancock illagesaidn 1791,
Ourfoodwas
veryscanty. utwhatwehad,we atewith thankfulhearts.Forbreakfastndsupper, elivedmostlyuponbeanpor-ridgeandwater orridgeJ' ythesecond ecadefthe19thCenturyhowever,heShakers'capacity or ceaselessardworkbeganopayoffinmate-rialprosperiry
Shaker ining tablesaremute estamento the com-
munities' successn fields,bams, ndgardens.s ncreas-ingnumbers f convertsoined
the movement,mealtimessaw he Shakers rowdedelbow o elbowaround hedinnerable, atingn solemnsilence nd,as n most of
TABLES
Wth helpfrom a shop-builtig that rests n thebedof
a lathe,a routerfittedwith a dovetail itplowssockets
in thecolumnofa candle tand.Thesocketsill mate
with slidingdovetails t the op endsof the egs.
For nstructions nmaking his tg, refer opage81.
three quaresf 12people.he6-footlongablellustrated npage 8seatsight omfortably
DropJeafablespage 8),with their expandableops,
were evelopedater han res-tle ypes, ecomingommonby1820. heyweresednthedininghall asside ables roccasionally,sdining ables.But hedropJeaf esigns sopractical hat the Shakersfounda multitude f applica-tions or it everywhereromthedairy o the nfirmary.
Thepedestalablepage8),or candletand, as erypop-
ularwith theShakers.trongandsturdy,twas ightenoughto move asily.ts ripod egskept t from wobbling.TheShakersxperimentednd-lessly ith hisbasicorm.Thestandwasbuiltwith convex,concave,r turnedegs. ops
their otheractivities, ith themenandwomen eparated.Trestleablespage8)wereommonixturesn mostShaker
dininghalls.Wth theirnarrowegs ndunobstructedegroomallowing eopleo sitquitecloseogether,he ables erewell
suitedotheShakerthic. o acilitatehepassingffoodacrossthe argeops, ettings ere ividednto
"squares"offourdin-
ers.Typically 0 eetong,Shakerrestleables ere uilt o seat
weremadeound, quarer rectangular.ometimes,he opswere imply ounded ver r ipped, ndsomeeatured nder-slung rawerso holdsewing upplies.omeopshadagroovein the ip to help n thepackagingf seeds.Ovalor octagona
shapes ereexcluded,owever,sbeing rivolous nd ooworldly.) hecandle tand hownn thischapters but oneversion f apopular nd unctional esign.
A wooden upport spivotedunder he eafof thedropJeafable
shownat left. Over ime, hesupportmay end o sag lightly, ut
thethin wedge lued o the underside f the eaf will compensate
for thechange, llowing the eaf o sit at thesame evelas he op.
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TRESTLEABLE
f- \ espiteheir arge ize,restleablesLJ areeasy o move.This sbecausethe oints connectinghe feet o thelegs,he egso the ails, nd he ails o
the top are ixednot by glue,but byscrewsndbolts.The able hown elowrelies eavilyon knockdownhardware,a modernversionof theShaker rac-ticeof assemblingables ithbolts hatdrewagainst trappednut,allowingeasydisassembly.hakersrequently sed
cherry or their tables;his remainsgoodchoiceoday.
Topreventhe op from warpingandalso o hideendgrain,a tongue s cut
alongeach nd o position he matinggroove fa breadboard nd.Theendsarescrewedo the op,with only a ittleglueappliedat the middle.Thisallowsthe op to expand nd contract crossits width ashumidity changes ithout
beinghindered ythebreadboard nds.
Asshown npage 9, he irststemakinghis ablesgluing p he Becausef tswidth, he opcannopassedhroughmosthicknesslan
after lueup. nstead,tart y assbling he op nthe argestossibltions hatyourmachinean andleplanehem o a uniform hicknThen luehesectionsogether,every arefulo ensurehat heyarefectlylush.
ANATOMYFATRESTLEABTE
ToP1"x41' /a"x7O%"
+7"
, . t . . . -
18"
Trestle1 "x4%"x49"
Spare nd sturdy, he restleableshownbelowisaperfect xpressionf theShakerhilosoplry.
With the restle uckedup under he op,dinerscouldsitcloseogether ithout having o splayout theirkneesr egs. henarroweetat theends
made t easy o sweephefloor under he able.
/----=-%
Croaadowel /
Rail1 "x5 "x3 6 "
y-----"'-Drawbolt
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TABLES
T(]P
' lApplyingheglue
I Once l l your oardsre o in ted nd i ppedo a com -
b i ned id th ha t s ough l y i nchw iderhan he i n i shed
top,ar rangehe boardsor he best oss ib le atch f co l -
o r , i gu re , ndgra in . o m in im ize a rp ing ,ayou t he
p l anks o ha t heendgra in f ad jacen t oardsuns n
opposi tei rect ions,henmark referencer iangle n op
of he boards. h iswi l l help oucor rect lyeal ignhem or
g lueup .To ho l d our ar l amps p r i gh t , u t no tchedw ood l ocks ndse t hec l am psn heb l ocks . pacehe
clamps uery 4 to 36 inches. oprotecthestock, l so
cu t w ow ood ads s ong ndas h i ckas he p l anks .
Apply nar row ead f g lue o oneedge f each ointand
usea sma l l , t i f f - b r i s t l edr ush o sp r eadheadhes i ve
evenly n he board dges above).
r ) T ighteninglamps
L t uy he boardsaceup on he ba r l am ps nda l rgn
the i r nds ,m ak i ng u r e hes ides f he e fe rencer iang le
a r e i n e d p .T i g h t e nh ec l a m p s n d e r h e b o a r d su s t
enougho bu t t hem oge t he r .oba l ancehe c lamp ing
p r essu r endkeep hepane ll a t ,p l ace ar l amps c ross
the opof hepanel etweenheones nderneath.syou
t ightenheclamps, ake ure hat he boards reper fect ly
f lush.Place scrap f wood n anyhigh potswherewo
boa r ds ee t ndh i t t w i t ha ham m er n t i l t he wo ie l a t .
F inrshighteningl l hec lampsn urn lefD nt i l here re
nogaps e tweenhe boa r ds nda th in ,even ead f g lue
so r eezesr t o f he o in t s . nce l l he onsec t i onsre
g l ued p ,p l anehem ndg l ue hem oge t he r .
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TABLES
QPreparinghe op or
!,, thebreadboardnd sThebreadboardnds re ttachedo topwitha ongue-and-grooveoint.St
by outing onguet each nd f heInstal l pi lotedhree-winglott inguin a router nd et hecutt ing ept%- inch;h iswi l l nab leou oclearwasterom ach ide f he onguenpasses.ecurehe oo o a work urfand urn he outernwith hebitcleof hestock.Makehe irstpass nbsides feach ndmakingurehebpi lo t ear ingsbut ted ga instheeof he op.Then esethedepth f c
sl ightly eepero rout he est f h
wasteromhal fo f he ongue;hetonguehould eone- th i rdhe h iness f he op.F in ishhe ongueboth nds /eft).
Makingnd nstallinghebreadboardnd sPlanehebreadboardndso hesamehicknesss
the op, hen awhem s ong s he op'swidth. ut hegrooveslonghe nside dgesf hebreadboardnds nyourable aw page 2).fhegrooveshould easwide sthe onguesou outednstep and l ightlyeeperhantheir ength. i t heendsnposit ionnd ounterborehreeholeshroughach ne nd ntohe op, ocatingne oleat hemiddle nd nother ew nchesrom ach nd.Usea i le o elongateheholesn hebreadboardnds l ightly;th iswi l l ac i l i ta teoodmovement .preadlue n hetonguesbout inch o each ide f he enter,hen epo-si t ionhebreadboardnds r ight) ,sing mal let ndawood lock ,f necessary ,o ap hem nto na l os i t ion .
Drivehescrewso secureheends, luewood lugs vertheheads,nd rim hem lush i th chisel. andhe ur-face mooth.
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TABLES
FEET
l Preparinghe eetor he egs
he eet nb lanksnd ut hemort i sesn hemwi th routernd he
or t i s ingigshown bove.he ig eatureswo uide inshatbut t
ppositeaces f a workpiece,nsuringhat hemortisescenteredn he
nstal l ' / t- inch ort isingit n a router nd et hecutt ing epthocut he
ort isen hree r our asses.ecurene oot dge ponyour ench
ndmarkhebeginningnd nd f hemortise.lungehebit nto he tock tone
mortise,hen eedhe uttero heother nd,makingureheguide inside longheworkpiecehroughouthecut.Repeator heotheroot,hen
hecornersf hemortisesith chisel.
r) Sawinghe ee toshape
L cut he egonyour ano aw, aw-
ing he opedge rst, ol lowedy hebottom dge above).andhe cut
edgesmooth.
Q Chamferinghe opedgesf he eetr- ,1 nstal l pi loted5-degreeit narouter, ounthe ool na able nd et
the utt ingepthora %-inch-wideham-fer.Topreventickback,lamp notchedguide oardo he able o tsedges n
l inewith hebit 's rlot earing.einforce
theguide ith supportoard.o ndi-
cate herehechamfernds, ark ineacrosshe opedge f he oot% nch rom
each ndof hemortise. eedhe oot
into hecutter,idinghestock longheguide oardo starthepass,hen ivot
theworkpiecewayrom heguide, ak-ingsurehestock utts gainsthebear-i n p S t o nh e l t a t h e h a m f e ri n e .Repeatn heother ide f hemortise,
then urn he oot ver nd hamferheoppositeace left).
,/ ,-// --r'/ /
/ , ,
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TABLES
MAKING HELEGS NDRAITS
r) Preparinghe egsor he restleL me trestleits nto stoppedroove
at he opof he eg. dust hewid th
of hedado ead nd hecutting eighto% nch.Centerhe ace f he eg verhedado ead ndbut t he ence gainsttheedge.Markheendof hegrooven
the egs nd hepointsn he ablensertwhereheb ladestop u t t ing ;h iswi l lhe lp ou etermineheposi t ionf hedado ead hent ishiddeny hework-piece uringhecut.Tosawhegroove,
feedhe eg ace own, oldingheedgeagainsthe enceright). ncehecuttingl ine n he eg l igns i th hemark nthe ablensert,i f t heworkpiecef f hedado ead. quarehestoppedndofthedado i th chisel. ou annow utatwo-shoulderedenon teach nd f hestretcherpage 1) o it into hegroove.
'lSawinghe enonst he
I bottomf he egs
Cut he egso s ize ,hen u t l inehtenonsn he i r o t tom nds, s inmort isesn he eetasa guide. utenonsnyourab le aw t tedwi t
dado ead; d justhewid th f heto s l igh t ly or ehan ne-ha l fhe elength-aboutinch. ouwi l l awtenon ides ndedgesn wopasse
el iminatingheneedo attach naufence. oposit ionhe ip ence, l igshou lderine n he egwi th hedhead nd utt he ence gainsthee
of heboard;he encehouldewelof heblades.tart ycuttinghesidthe enonpage 1).For heedges,
theendof heboard i th hedadoandmake pass,hen urn he egand epeat.ocompletehe enon,the houlderinewith hehead ndtheboard ith hemiter auge,idin
endof heworkpiecegainsthe eTurnhe board ver nd epeallefil
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TABLES
Sawinghemortisesn he eg sReplacehedado ead nyour able awwitha combina-
t ionblade, rank t ashigh s t wi l lgo,andcut hemort isest
the opends f he egswith hehelp f a commercia lenoningj ig; themodel hown bove l idesn hemiter lot .Clamphe
legupr ightn he ig,posi t ionhe ig o centerheblade n he
edge f heworkpiece,nd eed hestock nto he cut .Then
movehe igvery l i gh t l y wayrom he b l adeo en la rgehe
mor t ise. ake nother ass,urn he egaroundn he rg,and
feed t rnto he bladeagain above). ext, est-f i toneof the
ra i l s n henror t i se .f t he i t i s oo i gh t ,ad jus t he ig o
shave l i t t lemorewood rom he mor t ise ndmake womore
passes,ont inu ingnt i l he ai l f i ts n uglyn hemort ise.
Preparinghe ailsor he egsThe a i ls reat tachedo he opends f he egswithbr idle
jo in ts . tar t ycut t inghe ecessesn he ai lshatenablehem
to meshwith he mort isesouwi l lsaw n he egs.Out l inehe
rai lprof i le nyour lanks ndmark heshouldersf he recesses2 i ncheso each i de f hemidd le f he boards . d jus t he
dado ead nyour able aw swrde s t wi l lgoandset hecut-
t ingheight t % nch,Screw n extensiono the mitergauge,
a l i gn ne f heshou lder a r ks n he a i lw i t h hedado ead ,
andbut t he ence gainstheendof thestock. eedhe rai l
w i th he mi ter auge, ress inghestock gainsthe ence. l ip
the a i l o cuta shouldern heother ace, hen otatehepiece
andcut he shoulderst the otherendof the recesses/ef f ) .
Movehe ence utof hewayand emovehe emainingaste.
f,Cutt inghe ai ls o shape
r. f To br ing he opedge f the ra i l s lushwith he op end
o f he egs , ouw i l l have o no t ch he bo t t om dge f t he
r ecessedec t i on f t he ra i l s see he ana t om y n page 8 ) .
Fi t he ai lups ide own n he egmor t ise nddraw penci l
a l onghe opo f he eg o m a r k cu t t i ngineacrosshe a i l .
Cut he notchon yourband aw, tar t ing i thst ra ight uts
a l ongheshou l de r sf he ecesso t hemarkedine .R em ove
the remain ing aste y making curved ut rom heedge o
oneshoulderabove) ,hen rotate he board180" and saw
alonghecut t ingine.Once he notchesn both ai ls re eady,
saw he ai ls o shape syoudid he eet page 1)andsand
thesur facesmooth.
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TABLES
ASSEMBLINGHETABLE' l Preparinghe ailsor he op
I
I Toal low he abletopo move,he
rai ls re astenedo i t wi thscrewsaththanglue.Mark ixscrew oles long
tonedses f he ai ls- three neach
of the recesses ndbore hemonyo
dr i l l r ess . o ld rnghe a i l p r igh tn
mach ineab le , r r l l coun te rbo redo
throughheworkpiecet eachmark;
curved ackup oardso help ouste
t h e a i l . h e n u r n h e a i l v e r n d
enlargehe bottom f eachhole lef
r r s i n p , / - i n c h i a m e t e ri t .T h r s r
faci l i tate oodmovement.onotdr i l
toodeep, owever;orproper nchora screw equirest least inchof wo
witha hole o argerhan tsshank.
r) Preparinghe eet or he egs
L Ustrgtwo i f ferent i tsonyour r i l l
nresshore hole hrorrshach oot or
thebo l t ha tw i l la t tacht o he eg . he
boltwi l l be hreadedntoa cross owel
to provideong-grainupport step ).
S ta r t yd r r l l rngho le o concea l bo l t
head i tha 1 l - i nch pade i t .Mark
l i ne n he ace f he oo t1 l i nches
f rom hebo l lom dseo nd ica tehe
d r i l l i n ge p t h . o l d i n gh e o o tu p s i d e
down n he mach ineab le , se he inea c . : o r r i d p n r c . p t i i n o h p d r i l l i n od p n t h
thenbore he bol t- recessrngole rrghf) .
Then witch i tsandbore %-inch-diam-
eter learanceole or he bol t hrough
th e oot.
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TABLES
Q Drillinglearanceolesn he egsr-,1Use nelectricri l l o preparehe egsorthe ol tsrom
th e eet.Start y itting footand eg ogetherndsecurehe
assemblypsideownnyour enchrse.nsert penci lnto
theholen he oot ndmarktscentern he enon t heend
of he egbbove,efil.fhen emovehe oo tanduse hedrill
f i t tedwith %-inchpade i t o borento he enon nd eg oa depth fabout inches. eephe oolperpendicularo heendof he enonhroughoutheoperationabove,ighil.
Boringlearanceolesnthe egsorcross owels
lnstal l lu-inchbrad-pointi t nyour ri l lpressnd et he eg nside{acepon hemachineab le . d justhe r i l l i ngepthto s l igh t lyesshan he tockh icknessTo ocateheholeor hecross owel ,mark vert icaline longhe eg l ignedwi th hep i lo t o le nd hor izonta lineacrosshe eg% nch rom heshoulder
of he enon. oldinghe eg teady,ri l lthe hole /efil.
Clearancehole
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TABLES
F Boltinghe eet o he eg s
.. ,1 Now ouare eadvo assemblehe
table, tar t ing i th he eetand egs.Fi t
the piecesogetherndset heassembly
on a work urface. l ip he cross owel
into ts hole n the egand nserthe bol t
up he oot.Toal ign he astenerso he
bo l tengages i th he dowe l , o ld he
dowe l n pos i t i on i tha sc rewdr i ve rs
youdr i ve he bo l tw i tha hexdr i ve r r
wrench right).Once he bolt catchesn
thedowel,ighten t f rmly.
4iAssemblinghe egs, ailsand restle
\ , f No tch he res t le o r he c lea t , hensc rew hec lea t n
p lace . lamphec lea t o a work u r face ,i t t he egs nd a i l s
toge the r ,ndpos i t i onhe egs ga ins the res t le . he egs
and ar ls re oined o the rest le i th bol ts ndcross owels.
To make he connect ions,r i l l wopi lotholesor bol ts hrough
each egand ail nto heendof he reslleabove).ocat
holeso hey asshroughhe ai l , atherhan elowt, n
notchedort ionf hestock. ext, orewoholes ear a
end f he restleorcross owelssyou id n he eg@agthen ol t he ess nd ai lso he restleinset) .
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TABLES
IPreparinghe op
/ Beforeasteninghe op o the ai ls ,
round ver ts op and bot tom dges nd
ends. ay he op aceup on a work ur -
f aceands ta r t y ound ingheco r ne r s
sl ight ly i tha sanding lock. hen nsta l l
a p i lo ted%-inchound-overi t n a router
andse t he dep t h f cu t o shapehe
top'sedgesn tw o passes. resshe bit 's
p i l o tbea r i ng ga i ns thes t ock syou
feed he rou te r oun te rc lo ckw isel ong
the edges ndendsof the op (r ight) .
Turn he top overand epeathe process
witha %-inchound-overi t o shapehe
bottom dges ndends.
Attachinghe op o he ailsLeavehe oo acedownon he work
su r f ace ndpos i t i onhe ra i l - and- leg
assemblyn t . U se naw l o mark he
screw o leshroughhe a i ls n heunder -
s ide f he op, hendr i l la p i lo tho le or
a screw t eachpoint .Make ure he b i t
doesnotpenet ratehe op'supper ur -
f ace .Repos i t i onhe a i l s n he opand
screwhem n place left).
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DROP-LEAF ABLE
-l- h. Shakersppreciatedheversa-I tilityof drop-leafables.he eavescould e aised hen wider oDwasneeded.nd olded ownafterwird o
the tablewouldoccupyessspace.ShakerropJeaftablesangedrom10-foot-long ining ables, ometimes
referred o asharvest
tables,"o smallwork ablesust2 feetong.At 41 nch-
es ong, he ableshown n the llustration
below s a comfortable ompromise.
The op canexpand o a width of morethan 3 feet,seatingour people om-fortably.With the eavesoldeddown,
the able s esshan20 nches idewith mostdrop-leafables,hever
shownhereuses ule oints o attactop to the eaves. o ensure deq
support or the eaves,se he ardrop-leafhingesavailable, hich
typicallyl by 2'/, nches.
ANATOMYlFA DROP.LEAFABLEDrop4eaf hinge
ToPt / o " x 19 ' A " x 41 "
Leaft /0 "x10"x41"
Groove forwood button
End rail
Wood button3l"x 3l"x'/r" Drop4eaf auppott
' l " x 5 t / o " x 15 " Dowel7/u"x 2"
Shaker ropJeaf ables,iketheone hown elow,ypi-
callyeatureda drawerat
oneendand slender,urnedlegswith agradual aper.
This ablewas nspired yonemadearound1820 t
theHancockShaker illagein Pittsfield,Massachusetts.
Drawer alide
' /z t tx t /o" x ' lB"
Drawer kicker1" ' 1 " ' 15 "
t '6"
l+1 3 / t l
2 Q r 7 .
4 1 3 / t t| /16
Drawer rail'1"
x '1" '15"
l t/u"
1"x53/s"x36' /o"
Note: Dimenaronainclude enon anddovetail en7tho
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TABLES
HELEGS
hemortisesnd urninghe egs
eferringo heanatomyl lustrat ion,ut he our egsosize,
hopmortisesyhand, sshown npage 1,oruseressqu ippedi th mort i s ingi t .Themort i seshou ld
be% nchwrde nd% nch eep,eavingpaceoraVinch
n he enon t each nd.Next,urn he egso he
hape.ohelp ouproduceour denticalegs,make
emplatef he aper. he emplatehouldndi-
inished iameterf he egs t severalifferentoints
heir engths.tart yseparatinghepommel,rsquare
rom hecyl indricalection. arkhepommeline n
he egblanks,henmount ne f hem nyourathe. ef ine
hepommel i tha roughingouge.uta notch t hemarked
l ine ,hen oundhe ornersf heb lank e lowhepommel .
Wi thhe ipof hegougei l ted p , radua l lya isehehandleunt i l hebeve ls ubb ingga insthestock nd hecut t ing
edges sl icingnto hewood above,ef t ) ,Work rombelow
thepommelowardhebot tom f he eg, ont inu ingnt i l
theb lankscyl indr ica lnd mooth .ormhe aper i th
spindleouge,djustingseparateetofcal ipersoreach f
thed imensionssmarkednyourempla te .hen heckhe
diameterf heblank t heappropriateoints bove,ight).
Deepenhecuts f necessarynti l hemeasurementsn he
templa tend hed iameterf hecuts re qua l . epeator
the emain inglanks.
DETAIT)FDRAWER
Drawerback' / o " x2 " 1 " x13 '1 "
Drawer aiden / a " x 3 l " x 1 5 % "
Drawer ront" ' / t " x3%"x13%"
Drawer alide groove
l" wide 'ls" deep
False front' / r " x 3 % " x 1 3 % "
tEG.AND-RAItSSEMBLY
Leg2 " x 2 " x 2 9 % "
m
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TABLES
PREPARINGHE AILS
1 Makinghedrop- leafupports
I Thedrop eaves resuppor tedy
p ivo t inguppor ts . oused longhe op
edge f heside ai ls,hesupports ivot
on dowe lso ho ld he d rop eaves hen
theyar eex tended ,hena l ignw i th he
rai lswhen he eavesrenotneeded. ip
a Z- inch-widetr ip rom heedge f each
side ai l , henadjust our able aw'smiter
gaugeo a 70" angle. uta 10%-inch- long
piece romeachendof the str ip r6lht) .
Thep iece e tweenhecu tsw i l lbe he
drop- leafupport ;he woendpieces i l l
beglued ack nto heside at l step ).
Make heother upporthesameway.
r) Reassemblinghe ide ai lsL tav ourbar lamps na work urfacend etone f heside a i l s n op.Spreadlue n he ontact ingdgesf heouts idet r i psou ut nstep and he ai ls , nd resshes t r i p sn p l a ce . h e a i l h o u l dx t e n de yo n dh ee n d fthes t r i ps yabout% nch- thewid th f hesaw utsmadei ns t e p . T h ea i l s i l lb e r i m m e da t e r . ) r o t e c t i n gh e
s tockw i thwood ads , igh tenhec lamps n t i la th ing lu
bead queezesuto f t he o in ts above) .mmed ia te l yos
t ion hedrop- lea fuppor t e tweenhes t r ips o ensureh
i t b u t t s g a i n s th es t r i p s ; l i d e h es t r i p s l o n g t h ea i l ,necessary .epea t i t h heo the r ide a i l , hen r im heen
of both ai ls lush.
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TABLES
Preparinghe ide ailsor hedrop-leafupports
Mark he dowel oles n he opedges f the drop-leafup -
por ts,ocat inghemabout incheso oneside f he middle.
Offset t inghedowelsn hiswaywi l la l lowhe onger ndof
thesuppor tso rotate nderhe eaves.nstal l %- inch i t n
you rdr i l l p r ess ndad jus t he d r i l l i ng ep th o t hedow e l
length-about inches. henposi t ionhesuppor t n tsside
ra i l , lamp he assemblyo the machineablewi th hemarked
po i n t nde r he b it and , t eady i nghe ra i lonedgewi thone
hand, r i l l hehole abovd. epeator heother ide ai l .
Installinghe upportsn he ails
Dab ome lue nto he holesn he ra i l s nd apa dowel
intoeachhole.Once headhesiveas ured, l ip hedrop- leaf
supportsnto he dowelsabove). sea chisel o tr im he dow-
els ushwith he opsof hesuppor ts ,f necessar r .
f,Sawinghe enons n he ai ls
r.,/ Instal l dado ead l ightly ider han he enghof he enons-% inch-onyour able aw. Theenon hould e % nch hor t -
er han hedepth f he mor t iseouchoppedn he egon page
69. ) Screw board san extensiono yourmitergauge,hen
at tach n auxi l iaryence nd aisehedado ead o notch t . To
cut he enon heeks, u t toneof herai ls gainsthe ence nd
the mi tergauge nd eed t facedown. urn he rai lover nd
repeathecut on heother ide, est- f i t t inghe enon n he eg
mort isend ais ingheblades nt i l he i t issnug.A ooseenon
is di f f icul t o corre ct , o error he s ideof t ightness hen i rs tad jus t i nghehe igh t f heb lades . ) ex t , u t enon heeks t
the otherend lef t ) nd epeator each ai l .Then ineup he
legw i t h he a i landmark he ina lw id th f he enon , s i ng
the mor t ise sa guide. l ip herai lon edge ndadjusthesaw
bladeo heproper e ighto r im hewidth f he enon. gain,
test- f i t nt i l the enon i tssnuglyn he mor t ise nd he opsof
therai land egare lush.Nowpreparehedrawera i land he
k i ckerhesamew ay .Befo re ssembl rnghe egs nd a i l s ,
remembero preparehe rai ls or hewoodbuttons page 3)
tha tw i l lho l d he oo n o lace .
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TABLES
4iPreparingheside ails or hecross ai
\ , f Joinedo theside ai lswithsl id ing o
tai ls, hecross ai ladds trengtho he ab
structurendalso nchorshecorner tr ip
thathold hedraweruooorts. i th heenof heside ai ls l igned, ark cutt ingin
acrosshemiddle f he nsideaces f bo
rai ls. ut hedovetai lockets i tha route
twosteps. tart y nstalling %-inch trai
b i t n he oolandsett inghecutt ing ept
to reach our inaldepth-% nch- in twoo
more asses.etoneof heside ai ls nsi
faceup ona work urface,l ign he bi twi t
you r u t t i ngine , nd lamp T squareig
an edge uidewitha fence ixed o i t at 90
againsthe outer 'sase late o he ig
fence utts gainstheedge f he ai l .Rotheslot , hen ncreasehecutt ing epth n
make nother ass. witcho a %-inch ov
tai lb i t ,set hedepth It / , nch, ndmake
last ut ( /ef f ) . epeatn heother ide ai
mak ing u re o presshe ou te r ase la
againstheedge ulde oreach ass.
ASSEMBLINGHELEGS NDRAITS
1 Gluinghe egs o hedrawerai l ,I k icker. ndend ai l
Sand he nsideaces f he egs nd ai ls,
thenspread lueon he contact ingur-
faces etweenhe kicker, rawerai land
onepair f egs. i t he ointsogethernd
securehemwith wobar lamps, l igning
the ba rsw i th he a i landk icke r . s ing
woodpads o protect he stockand dis-
tr ibuteheclamping ressure,ightenhe
c l a m p s r a d u a l l yn t i l l i t t l e d h e s i v e
squeezes ut of the lotnIs right).Repeat
theprocedureo assemblehe emainingtwo ess nd heend ai l
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TABLES
r) Gluingheside ai ls o he egs
L Oncehegluehas ured,emovehe
clamps ndapply dhesiveo he egmor-
t i ses nds ide a i l enons . i t he o in t s
t oge t he rnd ns ta l lwobarc lamps osecureheassembly,l ign inghebars i th
th eside ails.Usewood ads s ong s he
t enon id th o d i s t r i bu telamp ing res-
sure.As soon syouhave ightened oth
c lamps, sea tapemeasureo check he
assemblyor square left),measuringhe
distance etween ppositeomers;he wo
measurementshou l d eequa l . f no t ,
insta l l nother ar lamp crosshe onger
o f he w od i agona l s ,e t t i nghec lamp
jawson hose l readyn place. ighten
thec lamp l i t t l e t a t ime,m easu r i ngsyougount i l he wodiagonalsreequal .
Makingnd nstallinghe rossai l
Withhesame ovetailit nyourouter sedocut hesock-
ts n the side ails page 2) ,mount he ool n a table.Set he
ep th o m ake hedove ta i l sl i gh t l yhor te rhan hef the socketsPosi t ionhe ence o hatone-hal ff he
projects eyondts ace.Feed he cross ailon endacross
ress ingt againsthe ence. urn he ai laroundo
he dovetai l abovdand epeathe cutsat the other
ndof he a i l . estJ i the oints ndadjusthe ence ndmake
uts, f necessary.nce he i t i s snug, pread lue
n hedoveta i lsnd n thesocketsndsl ide he a i l n top lace,
t wi tha mal let ; sea wood locko protecthestock(r ishf) he edses f hecross a i lshouldie lushwi th hose f
thes ide ai ls .
) ,---1' r
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TABLES
MAKINGNDNSTALLINGHEDRAWER
1Preparinghedraweror hebottom
I Cut he ront. ack. nd ides f hedrawero i t nto
heopeningn he able.Thebacksnarrowerhan heother iecesto allowhebottomo slidentoplace fterthedrawersglued p.Cut he hroughdovetai lsoininghepiecespage 30,
then ut hegroovesor hebottom anel
in he ront nd ide iecesnyourablesaw. osi t ionhe ence o hegroovei l lpasshroughhemiddle f hebottom-mostai ls n hedrawerides nd et heblade eightoone-halfhe tockhick-ness. se push ticko eedhepieces
face own crosshesaw able, hi lepressinghestock gainsthe ence.Repeatn he emain ingieces,henmovehe ence way om heblade ythe hicknessf hekerf n d epeatnal lthreeboardsright).esl-fityourbottompanel-typical ly- inchlywood-inhegroovesndwidenhem,f necessary.
J AssemblinghedrawerZ- Spreadlue n hecontactingurfacesf hepins ndtai ls,hen ap he our oardsogethersing wooden al let(above).lamphedrawer,osrt ioningheclampso push
the ai ls nto hepins. heckhedrawerorsquarepage 3).Onceheadhesiveas ured,emoveheclampsnd l idethebottom anelnto lace. hen rive few inishingai lsthroughhepanel nd nto hebottom dge f hedrawerackto x t n oosit ion.
Preparinghedraweror he lidesInstal l dado ead nyour able aw ndadjust tswid
to accommodatehedrawerl idesouwil luse-typicalinchhick. et he utt ing eightt% nch nd osit ionhefenceo cut hegrooven hemidd le f hedraweridFeedhedraweride-down,o ld ingheedgeslush gathe enc e. urnhedrawervero cut hegrooven heotsidehbovd.
a)4' ,Vt:'
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TABLES
. '1 i r : l i l l i lg i l * coiner t r ips
:i:: id: ' i , ; lnli if les
i i l s r i : , . r ; q ;p l : os i t i onn he ab l e:r2:iii lr, p,t:;tion f thegroovesn i ts
, i i r e i egs nd a i l s . u ta co r ne rr, i ;r;h ccrrter f Ihe drawer page
10,i) , ",4x:ngrh,.:dadoes s wideas he
r . : . . " . .wo o rner t r i ps l ush
i re ice a i land egat hedrawer
;r r i l r : i i c lamps o hold he two
, ; r . ' i o s l r r sh pa ins thes ide a i l
. . . ; r i l t h ed r a w e r a c k ;h e
n r l l f ou rs t r i ps hou ld i neup
ircovemarks.Cut wo drawer, : 'an hesanhetweenhedadoes
l ' . ide ai ls .essZ" nch orclear-
Ni .ch the rontend o f t around'hen
s l i n hes l i desn to he
-,ght).
ti Installinghedrawer,.,f Slidehedrawerntoposition/eff).
I t should ovemoothlynd i tcenteredand eve ln tsopen ing.f not , oosen
the lampsold ingheback-endornerstrips nd djustheheightf hestr ips,asnecessary.henhe t is ne, crewtheback nd tr ipso hecrossai l .
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TABLES
fiAttachinghe alse ront
\ , , Set hedrawerace-up n a work
faceanddrive wo brads nto he ro
leavinghe heads rotruding.hen n
off heheads i thpl iers.nstal lhedrain he able, ut he alse ront o s izeplacet betweenhedrawerai landk
er ,us ing l i ps f paper ssh imso ho
i t preciselyenterednd evel . tead
the a lse on tw i thonehand , l i de h
drawer oward he board left)and ir
p resshe brads ga ins tt ; he po in
ends f he na i l s i l l punch mpres
in thewood , l l ow ingou o reposr
the a lse ron ta t g lueup .Spread d
s ive n he back f the a lse ron tan
clamp t to thedrawer i th he wobr
rest ingn heir mpressions.
ATTACHINGHE ()P
1Shapinghe opand eaves
I The eaves re astenedo the able-
topw i th u le o in ts ,n wh ich he op ' srounded-overdgemateswith a cove ut
along he edge f the eaf lnsef). tartby
roundingver heedges f he op,using
a pi loted ound-overi t in a router. o
shape he Ieaves,nstal l p i loted ove
bitwhose iameter ndproflematch he
round-overl t , henmount he routern
a table. The wobitsareoften old sa
set.) osupporthe eaves ur inghecut,
c lamp featherboardo the ence bove
thecutter. l ign he encewith he bi t 's
p i l o tbear ing o he cu t t i ngw id thw i l lequal ne-hal fhecutter iameter.et he
depth f cut o reachhe inaldepth n
several asses. ee d ne eaf nto he bit,
bracingts edge gainsthe fence ight).
After ach ass,est- f i the pieces;on-
t inue utt ing nt i l he opand eafmesh
wrtha sl ight apbetweenhe wo.Repeat
the process n he other eaf.
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TABLES
r) Attachinghe eaveso he opI loin he eaveso he opby nstallingrule-jointingesn h eundersidef heoieces. et he ooand eavesace own
ona work ur face,henmarkines longtheedgesf he op n inewith he tartofeach ound-overut, nown s he i l -let. nstal lhree ingesoreacheaf: nein hemiddlef he oint nd ne inches
from ach nd.With paperhimnsert-
edbetweenhe eaf nd op,posit ion
hingeeaf gainsthe opand heotheragainsthe eaf teach ingeocationothep in sa l ignedi th he i l l e t ine ,henout l ineheh inge. h ise lu t hemort i s-es ,us ing wider-b ladeoo l ocut he
mortisesor hehingeeaues@age 13)and narrowerhiselo cut heslotsorthepins right).crewhehingesnplace.
QAttachinghe op o he ableails
r- ,1The op s astenedo he ai lswithwood uttons;crewedo he op, hebuttonseatureips hat i t into rooves
cut nt o he ai ls, rovidingsecureon-nection hile llowingorwoodmovementMake urehedrop-leafupportsre nplace n h eside ai ls,hen lacehe opface o wn na work urfacend lampthe eg-and-ra i lssemblyn posi t ionntop.Make buttonorevery inches frai l ength page 01).Spacinghemabout inchespart nd eavingl|-inchgapbetweenhe bottom f hegrooves
and he ipped nds f hebuttons,crewthe buttonsn place lefil.
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CANDLESTAND
f nanera efore lectriciryheShakersI dependedn candleso see hemthoughhehours f darkness.heseili-gentworkers ouldnot allow atesun-
rises r early usla o nterfere ith heirlabor.Candle tands ereight,stable,andeasyo transport. lthough andlestands ere ota Shakernvention.hefurnituremakersn theircommunitieselevatedhiscommonplacetem o itsmost efined xpression.
Theelegancebfhecandletandt ri-poddesign acrificesome trength.Becausef heangle twhichhey playout, he egs re ubjectedo agreat eal
Despitehesimple ppearancef thecandle tand hownabove,he ablerelies npreciseoinery.Positioned
exactly 20"apart, he hree egs re
anachedo thecolumnwith slidingdovetaik, ut with angled houlders
to sit snugly gainst hecolumn.
of rackingtresshich ullshemawayfrom hecolumn. heShakersom-pensatedor thisweaknessn severalways. hemostmportant as ttach-
ing he egso hecolumn ithslidingdovetails-very tronganddurablejoints.Some hakerandletandsavesurvived50years ndareassturdy sthe day heyweremade. o give he
legsadded trength, metalpknown asa
"spider,"is naiied c
base f thecolumn nd egs. hedeof the egs lso ortifies hestand.
are3/ ainch hickerat the op,wmakeshe dovetailshatmuchstroAlso, he Shakers ut the egssograin unsalong heir ength,helthem resist tress.
ANATOMYF CANDTETAND
Top-
7/u x 19"diameter
Wed6e
4" x 15";5/a"hickat bottom and1" hick at top
Column19 nchee ong
DETAITFD()VETAITS
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TABLES
EUILDTYOUREELF
CIRCLE-CUTTINGIG
Tocut hec i r cu la ropo f a cand l e
stand nyourband aw, se heshop-
bui l t i rc le-cut t ingigshown t r ight .
Refero the l lustrat ionorsussest -
edd i m ens i ons .
Rout %- inch-deepoveta i lhan-
nel n hemiddle f he1ig ase,hen
usea able aw o r ipa hinboard ith
a bevel long othedgeso produce
a bar hats l ides mooth lyn hechan-
nel . Set hesawblade ngle ymea-suringheangle f hechannel dges.)
Cutout he notch n he band aw,
thenscrewhesuppor t rms o the
unde r s i def t he1 ig ase , pac i ng
t hem o hug hes i des f he band
saw ablewhen he ig s n posi t ion.
Dr i l l wo ho les hroughhe bo t tom
o f h ed o v e t a i lh a n n e ln h e i g
base , i n ch nd3 i nchesrom he
unnotchednd;a lso ore woholes
throughhe barasshown.
To prepareheworkpiece,ark heci rcumferencendcenter f hecrr -
c leon tsunders ide.henuse he
band aw o cut o f f he ourcorners
of the panel o keep t f omhi t t ing
the lampshat ecurehe ig.Next,make releaseut om heedgeof hepanelo hemarkedi rcum-fp rcncp ihpn vce r n f f i n iho odop
Screwhepivot ar o hecenter fth eworkpiecehroughne f hebar'sholes,eavinghescrewoosenough
topivothepanel.Turnheworkpiecever ndmark
thepointwhereheblade ontact-ed heci rcumferenceur inghere leaseut .C lamphe igbaseo
theband aw able,making ure he
suppor t rms rebut ted gainsthe
table 's dges. l ide hepivot ar n to
thechanneln hebase ndpivothe
panel nt i l he marked ontact o in t
toucheshe blade. crewhrough
oneof theho l esn he ig baseo
lock he pivotbar n p lace below.bfil. f urnon hesawandpivot he
workpiecento hebladen a c lock-
wisedirectionbelow,ighil, eedingi h p n i p ep r r n i i l t h p n r r t i c n n m n l o t c d
Jig baoe' / , "x20"x24"
Notah
/ ' " x 7 "
9crew
holes ?upport arm
1 " x 3 " x B "
9lidingpivot bar'/,"
x 24"
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TABLES
PREPARINGHET()PANDRAIL'l
Preparinghe op
I 0nce he opof hecandle tand
been ut (page 9), hapetscircumfeona routerablen wo teps. tart y n
inga pi loted /zinch adius i t n a rou
andmount inghe ool na able. l ign
fence i th hebi t 's i lot ear ingnd l
a featherboardo he enceo supporth
topdur inghecut.Holdinghe op ac
and la ton he able, ressheedge g
the ence nd otatehestocknto he
(/el f ) . ont inueivot inghe opunt i l h
ent i re i rcumferencesshaped,hen w
to a piloted /a-inchadius it, urn hew
piece ver, nd epeato shapets ops
r) Makinghe ai l
L Referringtohe anatomyllustration
on page 8, cut herai l hatwi l lconnect
thecolumno the abletop,henbore
mort isen hecenter f he rai l o accept
the enon ouwi l l urnat the opof he
co lumn; 1 - inch -d iamete ro le s yp ica l .
Bevelheends ndedges f he rai lon
your able aw.Attach nauxi l iaryence
and posi t ionhe ence o the ef tof the
blade or a ' /u inch ut t ingwidth.Raise
the blade o i tsmaximum ett ing, d just
theangleo about 5",andclampguide
block o the rai l o r idealonghe opof
the ence.Mark l ineacrosshe ace f
the rai ls l ight ly boveheheight f he
blade sa remindero keep our ands
wel labovehe blade. eedhe rai l nto
theblade n end, eepingt f lush gainst
the ence ndpushingt forward i th he
guide lock. epeathecutat heother
endof the rai l ( r ight) . henbevel he
longedges y adlust inghe blade ngle
to 45".Sandhe ai l mooth.
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TABLES
MAKINGHE OLUMN'l
Turninghe olumnI Mount3r/z-inch-squarelank nyourlathe nd urn twith roughingouge
ol -lowedyaspindleouge,eaving ipandenoughtock earhebottomor he egsockets.ohelp ou roduceheproper
shape,efero heanatomyllustrationpage
78 )and ashionourself emplate,s ou
wouldo urna drop-leafableeg page9).Use part ingool o urn he ai l enon tthe opof he olumn,eriodical lyheck-ing tsdiameterithoutsidealipersight).Smoothhe olumn ith rogressivelyineror i tc n f candnanorb i ' ! v v ' J u ' ' v P u v u , ,
r) Routinghe ovetai locketsI Unplugtheathe nd ut hesockets,sing routerndshop-madeigconsist ingfa'/uinch lywoodox lampedothe a the ed.Makehe ns ide id th f hebox swide s h erouter ase late, ttachinghe unnerso he outer i twi l lcut hesocketsi th tsbase late i t t ing n hem.Next, arkthe hree ocketocat ionsn he o lumn,pacinghem 20"apart. lsomarkhe opends f hesockets,70 nchesromthebottomf hecolumn.ransferhesocket arkso helatheaceplate,hen otatehecolumn yhand nti l ne fthemarks n he aceplatesvert icalnd mmobi l izehedrive
shaf twi tha handscrewabove,ef t ) .Cuteach ocket n two
steps, tar t ing i tha ' /u inchst ra ight i t . Adjust he cut t ing
dep t h o about t / znchand ,a l i gn ingheb i t w i t h hesocke t
endmark , u t ta s t opb l ock ga i ns the r ou t e r ase la te .
S c r ewheb lock o the ig .H o l d i nghe ou t e rn bo thhands ,
feed he b i t n to hecolumn t he bot tom ndguide he ool
a longhe runners nt i l he base late ontactshe stopblock.
Repeat r tha %- inch oveta i l i t (above,ight) .To ut the
two emain ingocke t s ,o ta teheco lumn nt i l hesocke tmark oreach u t sver t i ca l .
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TABLES
MAKINGHELEGS
1 Cuttinshedovetailheeksl "
I Re fe r r ingo the l lus t ra t ione low,ash ion temp la te
the egs . hegra in
hou ldo l lowhes lope f heeg . he o
andbottom ndsmustbeperpendicular,nd hespread f t
l essmrs t be ess han he d iamete rf hp nn Oncehe eI L | | v L v Y . \
plate scomplete,awalonghe opendof he egon he ba
saw.Next, ut hedovetai lsn he egs n wosteps, ut t ing
cheeks nyour able awand heshouldersy hand. djust
table aw's lade ngleo match hatof hesocketsoucut
theco lumn ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh to s l i gh t l yesshan h
depth f thesockets. ut l inehedovetai lsn he edge f on
legb lank nd , o ld ingheb lank nendon hesaw ab le ,
a cu t t i ngmarkw i th he b lade . u t t he ip ence ga ins th
s tock nd ock t i n p lace . lamp sh immedea therboa
the ab le nda gu ide lock o theb lank .Make passo cuonecheek lef i l , hen otate he blankand eed he oppos
face longhe ence o saw heother. heckheresul t ingo
ta i laga ins t socke tn theco lumn. f necessary ,d jus t h
cu t t i ng id th r b lade ng le r he igh t ndmake no the re
passes. epeator he emainingovetai ls.
r) Cuttingheangled houlders
L me shou lde rsf he egdove ta i l s
mustbecutat an angle o hey iesnugly
againsthecolumn seehe l lustrat ionn
page 8).0nce hedovetai lheeks real l
cut .c lamo blanko a work urface i th
thecheeks xtendingff he able. hen
usea backsawo cut heshoulderst a
sl ght ly harper nglehan hecurvature
of the column ilghD. esllit thedovetail
in tssocket nd r im hesocket,f neces-
sary, nt i l ougeta sui tablei t . Repeat
for he emaininsovetai ls.
' " } .
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TABLES
Shapinghe egs
Cutout he egs f hecandletandonyour and aw,hen moothheir ur-faces sing sandinglock ra spindle
sanderright).
/ T inminghedovetas-TTrim
off he op% nch f each ove-ta i lon he egs. h is i l lh idehe opsof hedovetailsrom iewwhenhey repushedl l heway n to he i r ockets.
Clamphe eguprightnyour enchiseandmark l ineon hedovetai l nchfrom he opend. hen old ' /o-inchchisel ert ical lyo scorehedovetai lnyourmarkedine, utt ingo heshoulderNext, oldinghe hrselevel pand ar-
al lelo hedovetai lhoulders,ushheblade longhesurfaceo pare wayhewood n thin shavingsleft).Periodicallytest-f i the egagainsthecolumn nti ltheshouldersest lush gainsthesurface
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TABLES
ASSEMBLINGHETABLE
' l Attachinghe ail o he olumn
I Start ydri l l ingix ountersunkcrew oleshroughhe
rai l ; t wi l lbe ess umbersomeo preparehe ai l or he op
beforeoininghe ai l nd olumn.ocatene oleneach or-
ner f he lat ace f he ai l 's ndersidend ne neach ide
of hemortise.hen et he op ace own na work urface
and enterhe a i l n op,makingurehegra in f he wopiecessperpendicular.arkhe ornersf he ai l n he op
witha penci l nd hescrew oles i than awl above,ef t ) .
Toprepareheco lumnor he a i l , se backsawo s l i ce
a kerf orawedgen hecenter f he enono a depth f about
f,Taperinghe eg s
r- , f Togive he egs n elegant ppe
ancew i thou t ac r i f i c ingt reng th ,ap
themwitha bench laneroma thick
of 1 inchat the oo o % nchat the bt o m .M a r k a p e r i n e s l o n gh e n s
edges f each egasa planing uide. h
securehe eg aceup on yourbench,
a notched ood lock o fix he bottom
in p lace . oavo id amag ingour l a
blade,make ure he bench ogs nd
woodblock rebelow he evel f the o
taper ine.Start ingear he opof he
feed heplane longhesurface,ncr
in g he downwardressuresyo uappr
the bottom /eff) . ont inue nt i lyouc
to he aper i ne , hen u rn he egovon hebench nd epeatheprocess
three-quartershe ength f the enon.Cut he kerfat a r ig
angle o oneof the dovetai l ockets o he rai lwi l l be par
to oneof he egs. ut hewedgeromhardwoodbout in
long nd% nch hickat he base,aper ingt to a point . o
ten he ai l o thecolumn, pread lue n heir ontact ing
faces nd i t thepiecesogether i th he kerf n thecolum
tenon erpend icu la ro thegra in f he a i l . hen , o ld in
co lumn p r igh t n a work u r face ,pp ly l ue n heker f
on hewedge ndhammert i n p lace i tha wooden a l l
hbove, ighi l . f r im hewedgelushwith heendof the en
K a i l Q e
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TABLES
r) Fasteninghe egs o hecolumn
L Spread lueevenly n he doveta i ls
and n hesocke t s .hen , e t t i nghe a i l
f a ton a work ur face,l ide he egs nto
place nd ap hem nto nalposi t ion i tha woodenmallet (rrght).To strengthen
the assembly ,dda th ree-a rmedp i de r
cut fromsheetmetal@age 8).
J Screwinghe ai l o he op<'
r . , l To comple tehe ab l e , e t he op
ups i de ow n nyou rwork u r f ace nd
dr i l lp i l o tho l es n t o t a t t he po i n t s ou
markedn steo1. Posi t ionhe rai lassem-
b l yon he op ,a l i gn ingtscorners i t h
the marks n he sur face nd ts screw
holes i th hose n he op.Screwhe ai l
in place left) .
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tesares ere nce ommonm
American itchens. heoneshown at left reflects he Shakerdevotion o utility . The cabinetswereessentiallyarge read oxes,
designedo store aked oodsmadeand consumed y Shakeramilies.That the cabinets reelegant ndattractives, n a sense,oincidental,
for it is a reflection fthe Shakers'soare ndutilitarianethic ather
thanan exoressionfesthetics.All propirtyandgoodsn Shaker
communitieswereownedcollec-tively, o be usedasneeded. incebelongings erenot consideredri-
vate, atches nd ockson the doors
of apiesafewouldhave een uper-fluous.Doorssported implewood-
en knobsandmating abbets ut
along he nside aces f theirstiles
PIE,SAFE,
A nailsetandhammer uncha hole hrougha tin panelfor apiesafe. oensurehat all the
panelswill be dentical, ach lank splaced na backup aneland apaper emplate ith the
desiredanern s taped nplaceon top.
side hatdiscouragedhe ntrusion
of vermin.For maximumventila-
tion, Shaker ie safesraditionallyfeaturedin oanels n the sides swellas n thedoors.
Oneof the charmingelementsof these iecess the holepattern.
The designs were somet imes
abstract ndsometimesineapple-
shaped r floral,as n the exampleshown npage 6.Butagain,hesedetailswerenot primarily ntend-
ed obeornamental r flamboyant.Thepanels ad o beperforated,othe Shakers hose o ounch theholes ymmetricallyo avoidanunnecessarilyrnateor otherwise
distracting ppearance.Piesafes ere raditionallymade
from cherry, lthough ommuni-tieswherehardwoodswerescarce
so heywould closelushand ightly ogether. hemostcleverfeature f the safeies n thedesign f the in doorpanels. he
cabinets ad o keep odents nd nsectsrom gettingnside
whileallowing nough ir o circulateo preventhe ood rom
becoming tale.Wth the useof tin doorpanels, hakerur-niture makers olved oth problems tonce.Thesmallholes
in thepanels ermittedhepassagef air.And,bypunchingheholes rom the nsideout, heycreated harp dges n the out-
frequently esortedo pine.This chapter rovides etailedstep-by-stepnstructionsor buildinga Shaker-inspiredafe,beginning ithcutting he ails, tiles ndpanelsor thecab-inet(page 0)and ontinuinghroughgluingup the casepage
97),makingandnstallingheshelvespage 04), ndassem-bling he doors page 06).Although ooted n theShakerra-dition,apiesafeike hisonewouldbeaperfect ddition o anymodern,country-style itchen.
With tssturdyrame-and-panelonstruction,djustablehelving,ndperforatedin doorpanels,hepiesafe hownat left s dealor storing
baked oods.n a modernncarnation,hesafe ouldbeused sanentertainmententer, ithplentyof spaceor audioor videoequipment.
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ANATOMYOFAPIE AFE
CONSTRUCTIONETAITFCASEWORK
ToP Oroove for
woodbuttons
CrownmoldingGlued ocaaeworkframe
Wood buttonc ) e r t t r e a f n n
Lo caae;aits
in groovenearthe top edqeofcaaework aila
EackpaneA veneered
pWood panLhaL its flwith the ouface of the
Coakbeading
Glued tn rab-
Support boalnaerted ntodadoea n coner eLripo ohold up ehel
beta routed
around nsideof frame front Corner atri
Dadoedatapaced ntLo holdeh1upportbovariablehei
4lued o incornergofworkstiles
Ledger atrip9ecureebot'tom Lo caae:
thelf
Cornerenotched afit aroundcorner oLrip
fasLened obotLom case-
work raile
?t'ile
Rail
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PIESAFE
RAME
tl - h. piesafeeaturedn thischapter
I comprisesour ramesoinedat he
corners. ach rame s madewith rails
andstiles onnected ith mortise-and-
tenons. heside rames regroovedohouse loatingwoodpanels. he back
framesdividedn halfby a mullionand
is rabbeted round he nsideedgeso
accommodateixedbackpanels. he
front rame s made he samewayas he
sides, ith twohinges oldingeach oor
CUTTINGIST
PIECEFrametiles
Frameails*
Mul l ion*
Wood anels
To p
Bottom
Door tiles
Doorails*
to its stiles. oassemblehesafe,heside
framesarebuilt first and then glued
together ith the rontandback ails.
The op andbottomaresolidpanels
ofedge-gluedoards.he op sheld nolace vwoodbuttons nd hebottomis fastenedo ledger trips.The solid-
woodshelvesiton support oardshat
areheldby corner trips.The nside
edges f the rontframeare abbetedo
accommodateockbeadine.
OTY t w
Z
IY"'
I/"'
Medianrail
TH
(top nd ottom)(median)
Crown olding
Gornertrips
Shelves
Back anels
Shelf upportoards
Gockbeading
*Note:Measurementsncludeenonengths.
(sides)(front nd ack)
(front ndback)(side,op,and ottom)(side, edian)
2% '/ou
?i l 3/^'
2%' 3/4u
2%' 3/ou
I3/4' 3/4u
2%ut/ou
I2Vo Y,'
20' %u
l6r/q'3/ou
^ i l i / n
z / a
rr/o'
I6Ye'
I4%e"
yi'
V;'
44
446
1
8
1
1
4
4
6
I
2
Z
Z
4
I
60'60'
3ry, '1A%',I4Y,'
6nu
r3'/,'40 '
34',
48Y,"
1 6 u
I 2 '
7s%',
54Yo'
33%',
49Ya'
r6/,'1 6 1 '
7/au
7/a'
7/au
1 ",/",
Y o u
r/ou
9ideframeatile
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MAKING THE CASEWORK RAMES
tI- h. firststep n building piesaJ. to cut andpreparehe rame
asshownbelow,and oin them n pto form the corners f thecabine
of themortisesre ut n thestilesthe enons recut at heends fthe rAs shownon page 2,thebestmetfor cutting heblind enonssby hanwith a backsaw nda miter box. Nthe frames are dry-assembledgrooves re outedalong heir inedgesor the loatingwood panels
93).Finally,he op railsaregroovethe able aw o accommodatehewbuttons hatwill securehe op.
A hollow hiselmortiser rillsa motise n apiesaferamestile.Themtisewil l accommodaterail tenoAlthough heShakers ouldhavepainstakinglyhiseledut theirmotises y hand,asshownonpage91using power ool squickandaccu
PREPARINGHE TILES
1 Taperinghe tilesI Referringo hecutt ingistonpage
89,cut he rame ti lesosize,hen aperthe i r o t tom nds. he apers i l lg ive
thebottom f hesti les nelegant,eg-l ike ppearance.lamp ne f hesti lesfaceupona work urfacendmake necutt ing ark n tsbottom nd1% nch-es rom he nside dge nd nother arkon heedge inches p rom hebottom.Joinhe womarks i th ine,hen seripsawo cut he aper longheline right).
Usehe aperedtile sa emplateo markcutt ingines n he emainingti les,hentaperhemhesame ay. and l l hecutedgesmooth.
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PIESAFE
n Cutt inshemortisesn thestiles
r-,1 Each t i leneeds mort ise t the op andbottom o accom-
modate ra i l tenon; oualsohave o cut hreemoremort ises
in each f hes ide t i l esor hem ed i ana i l enons . ou an
usea poweroolsuchasa hol low hise lmort iserpage 0)to
m ake hecu t ,o r ch i se l hemout by hand , sshow n bove .
Refe r r rngo theana t om yl l us t ra t i onn page 8, ou t l i nehe
mor t i sesn heedses f t hes t r l es .henc l am n neo f he
g lued-upt i l eso a work u r face . t a r t i ng t oneendof he
ou t l i ne , o ld mor t j seh i se l quareo theedge f hes t i l e
andst r ike twi tha wooden a l le t . sea ch ise lhesamewrdth
as he mor t ise ndbesure he beveledideof he b lade s ac-
ing hewaste.Make nother ut % nch rom he ust hbove,
/ef i l .Cont inuent i l ou eachheother ndof heout l ine,hen
lever ut hewaste o a depthof about /^inch(above,ight).
Repeato cut he emain ing ort ises,hensmoothhe bot tom
of he mor t isesi tha lock-mor t isehise l .
r ) Glu ingp hest i les
L C l ue hes t i l es oge t he rn pa i r so
form hecorner f he pi esafe.Remember
that he ourwider t i les i l l be used n
the rontandback f hesafe,whi le henar rowert i les i l l t on hesides;h is
w ay , hecornero in tw i l lon l ybev i s ib le
f rom hesides. pread ome lueon he
contact ingur facesf each ai rof s t i les:
theouts ide dges f hes ide t i les nd he
ins ideaces f the ront ndback t i les.
With heside t i le acedown n a work ur-
face, ecurehe oint , pac ingheclamps
about 2 inches part ; ro tecthestock
andd is t r i bu tehec lamp ingressurei t h
w oodpads . o secu r ehe o in twhere
the st i lehasbeen apered, sea cut-of ff rom he aper uts oumade n step1 to
squarehe clampon he stock /eft).
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PIESAFE
PREPARINGHE AILS
1 Cuttinshe enon heeksl -
I Out l inehe enons t both nds f he
r a i l s , a r k i n g s h o u l d e ri n e l la r o u n dtheends o he eng th f he enons i l l
be s l i gh t l yess han he dep th f the
mort isesoucut n hest i les. ecure ne
of he rai ls pr ightn a v iseandcut along
the ines n heendof he board i tha
backsawnti l ou eachheshoulderine(right).Repeat or the tenonat the other
endo f he a i landa t bo th nds f he
rema in inga i l s .
Sawinghe enon houldelsTo emovehewasterom he enon heeks.ecuremiter
box n thevise, henset he rai lon he base f he box, l ign-
ing heshou lde rinew i th he90" s lo t . i gh tenhec lampsn
the box o hold he rai l n posi t ion. l ip hebacksawladento
thes lo tandcu t a long he shou lde rineon he aceo f he
board , topp ing hen ou each he ke r fyoucu t i n s tep
(above,eft); urn over he stockand repeat he operation
the o the r i de . o cu t away he was te n he edges f th
tenon , ecu rehe he ra i lup r igh tn thev ise ndsaw o t
shou lde rineon bo th dges f he a i l .F ina l l y ,l amp he
edge p andcu t h roughheshou lde rineon [p ih odoac
t h p r : i l / a h n v p r i o h t )
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RAISINGTHE PANELS
T) aised anels, ith their distinctive
l\ beveled dges, volved sapractical
solution o two commonproblems aced
by Shakerabinetmakers:ow o fit thick
panelsnto framesmadeof thinner stock
andhow o compensateor woodmove-
ment.Bevelinghepanels llowedhem
to fit in thegroovesn the nsideedges f
the rames. o adhesiveasused, opanelscould swell and shrink w
lhangesn humidity.
Cut the panelsAinch longer a
wider han the openingsn the framThereareseveral ays fraisingpan
Shaker uilders ikely did the ob
hand,usingpanel-raisinglane
shown n the photo at left. A m
commonapproach,hownbelow
on the followingpages,nvolves e
ing heedges fpanels na router a
or tablesaw.Most furnituremakers ther han
Shakersave nstalledhepanelswith
raised, entralportion facingoutw
adding isual nterest o theirpieceAlthough Shakersn the Wes
communities, hereGermannflue
admittedsomedecoration,might h
done he same,he Shaker reedrow
on extraneous rnamentation.A
result,Shaker ie safes ereoftenb
with the lat sideof thepanelsacing
while heattractive,aisedaces re
den rom view on the nside.
A panel-raisinglanebevels neendof a wood anel.These and ools
mustbeusedn pairs o raise panel Usingleft- nd right-handmodels
allowshepanel o bebeveledn thedirection f thegrainat all times.
RAISINGANETSN ROUTERABLE
Making raised anel itha router
Instal l panel-raisingit nyour outer
andmounthe ool n a table. osi t ion
the encen inewith hebit 's i lot ear-
ingand et hecutting epth t % nch o
thatyou an each our inaldepthn wo
or more asses.owerheguard verhe
bitand urnon he outer.ominimize
tearout,ut heendgrain f hepanel
firsi,bevelinghe opandbottom efore
thesides. eephepanella ton he ableinsideace own nd lush gainsthe
fence syou eed t across he iI (righl.
Repeathecutat heother ndandalong
both ides. urn ff he outer nd est-fit
one nd n a f rame roove.f thepanel
l ies ess han% nch eepn hegroove,
increasehecutt ing epth l ightly nd
make notherass l laround.ontinuen
this ashionnti l hepaneli tsproperly.
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PIE, AFE
AISED ANELSNA TABLEAW' l
Bevel ingheends
I Todetermineheblade ngle or a is-
ng he panels , raw %- inch quare t
hebot tom orner f onepiece,henmark
l i ne rom he ns i deace f hepane l
he ns ide orner f hesquareopointon he bot tom dge' / "nch rom
ace insei l .nstal l 6- inch-
auxi l iary ood ence, old hepanel
he ence ndad j us the b l ade
a l i gns l t h hem ar kedine .
d j us theb l ade e i gh t n t i l he
ip of one oothextends eyond
ace f he pane l ,henc lamp
gu i del ock o the
pane lo r i de l ongo f he ence . eedhepane ln to
ade , eep i ngt f l ushaga i ns the
wh i l epush i ngt f o rward i t h he
block r ight)Test - ft the cut end
roove .f l e ss han% nch
panel ntershegroove, ovehe
l i t t le losero theblade ndmake
ass. epeathecutat theother
ndo f hepane l .
Bevelinghe idesB eve l i nghe s i des f t e r ouhave
beve ledheend ra in e lps in imizetearout. et hepanel nedge nd eedit intoheblade,eepinghebacklushagainsthe ence. urnhepanel verocut he emainingdgelefil.
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PIESAFE
A PANEL.RAISINGIGF()R HE ABTEAWTo aise panel n he able aw ith-out djustingheangle f heblade,use heshop ui l t igshownt ight.
Refero he llustrationorsuccest-
eddimensions.
Screwhe ipalonghebottomedge f heangledence;make ureyoupositionhescrews hereheywillnot nterfereith heblade. rop
theangledence gainstheauxi l -iary ence t hesame ngle s hecuttinginemarked n a panelpage
95),using sliding evelo ransferth eangle. ut riangularupportso
f t preciselyetweenhe wo ences,then ix h em n olace ithscrews.
Counters inkhe astenerso hepanel i l l l ide moothlylongheangledence.
Touse he ig,posit iont on hesaw ablewith he ointbetween
the ipand heangledence bout% nch rom heblade. utt he able
saw'sip ence gainsthe ig's uxil-iary ence nd crewhe wo ogether.Turn n hesaw nd rank o he
blade lowlyo cuta kerf hroughhelip.Next, eathepaneln he igand
adjustheheight f heblade nti la singleooth rotrudeseyondhefront f hepanel.Make test ut na scrap oardhesamehicknesssthepanel nd hen heckts t in
thegroove;djusthepositionf hefence rblade,f necessary.he n utth epanel, evelingheends rghf,
bottom)beforeawinghesides.
[f,til, li
l
\\
\
Auxiliary ence9" x 30"
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ASSEMBLING HE SAFE
f\ nce ll he loating anels re eady,V it is ime o glue he ramesogeth-er.Startby fitting the panelsnto theirframes, sshownbelow, henglueup
the railsan dstiles,orming he sidesof the cabinet page 8).The extstepinvolvesnstallinghebackpanelon theframe page 9).
Thepiesafe eaturedn thischapterincludes voof the ewdecorativeouch-es ound n Shakerurniture:crownmoldingand cockbeadinground heinside dges f thedooropeningsn thefront frame.The moldingprovidessmooth isualransitionrom he rontandsideso the opofthe safe. lthough
moldingmight appear o be an extra-neous mbellishment,he restrained,unadorned esign hown sentirelynkeeping ith theShakerdeals f sim-plicityand harmony.
A ledger trip sfastenedo thebackbottom ail of apiesafe.Once trips ave een ttachedoal l our bottom'ails,hibottom anelwill bescrewedo the opedge f thestrips.
ASSEMBLINGHESIDEPANETS
1 Fittinghepanelsnto heir ramesI Test-assemblehesiderames.f ajoint s oo ight, isassemblehepieces
anduse chiselo pare wa y ome ood.0nce ou re atisfedwith he t,sandany urfaceshatwi l lbediff icul to reachwhenhe rame as een lued p,andspreaddhesivenal l he ontactingur-faces f he ai ls nd ti les. onot pplyany luen hepanelrooves;hepanels
must e reeomove ithinhe rame. etone f hesti le airs na work urface,f t he ai l enonsnto heirmort ises,henslip he ramesnt o heirgroovesleft),
tappinghem nto osit ionith mal let,
if necessary.it heoppositetile ai r nthe ai ls nd lamphe rame tep ).
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PIESAFE
Clampinghe iderames
Set he rame nside-faceownon a
work urface ndsecurehe mort ise-and-
tenono in ts i thbar l amps . l tgn tnghe
bars i th he ai ls,ightenheclamps nt i l
a g luebead queezesu to f the o in ts
(rrght). rotecthe stileswithwoodpads.
Use trysquareo ensurehat he rame
remainsquare syou ightenheclamps.
Once headhesiveas ured, emovehe
clamps nd hen and l l hewood mooth,
GLUING PTHESAFI
1 Gluinehe ront nd acko he idt -
I Preparehe ai ls f he ront ndb
of hepre afe syouwould or hesid
(nape 2 l nda lso r r t mu l l i ono r hF s b v J 4 '
back rame. ut enons t heends f
mu l l i on nd ou t rch ise l u tmatch
mnrt isesn heedpes f the back rar a i l c T h p n o l r r p t h p n i p e p c i n o p f h o r r r c
a long ar lamp o securehe oints.
thes ide amesns ide - facep on yo
shop loor ndspread ome lue nal l
contact ing urfaces etweenhe sid
f rames nd he ron tandback .F i t h
back rame enonsnto heirmort ises
oneo f he s ides /e f f ) ,hen ns ta l lh
front rame hesameway.Final ly,etremainingide rame n op.
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PIESAFE
r) Clampinghe afeI Careful lyet hecabinetpright, orkingith helper,fnecessary.se ourmore ar lampsosecurehesidesothe ront ndback, l ign ingwo lamps i th he op a i l s fthe ront ndback nd he emainingwowith hebottomarls.Besure o protecthestock i thwood ads. ssoon syouhaveightenedl l hec lamps,se tapemeasureocheck
thesafeorsquare bove), easuringhedistanceetweenoppositeorners;he womeasurementshould eequal.fnot, nstal l notherar lamp crosshe onger f he wodiagonals,e t t inghe lampaws n hose l readyn p lace.Tightenheclamp i t t le ta ime,measurings ou ounti lthe wodiagonalsre qual.
Installingheback anels
Set hesafe own i th tsbackacing p, hen nsta l lprloted -inchabbetingit na routernd djusthecutt ingdeptho %enchmorehan he hicknessf heback anelsyou reusing. outhe abbetsroundhe nsidedgesf heback anel penings,eepinghebit 's i lot earingressedagainsthestockhroughouthecut (above,eff),hen quare
thecorners i tha chisel. ut wopieces f plywoodo itsnug lynto heopeningsnd pply h inbead f adhesrvealonghe abbetsabove,ight) nd n hecontactingurfacesof heplywood.preadheglue venly,et hepanelsnposi-t ion ,hen se mal lin ish inga i l sosecurehem t6- oB-inch ntervals.
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PiESAFE
INSTALLING()CKBEADIG
1 Preparinghe afeorcockbeading
I Cut rabbetroundhe nsidedge f
th e ront rame f hesafe, singhesameprocedureou ol lowedor heback an-
els page 9).This ime, nstal l ' l - rnchp i lo tedabbet ingi t nyour outernd
adjusthecutt ing eptho about% nch.
Keephebit 's i lot earingutted gainst
thestock syoumakehecut (right),hen
squarehecornersi th chisel.
r) Millinghe ockbeading
L tuaxe noughockbeadingrom
thick-stocko it he abbetsut nst
shapingt withmoldinguttersna
saw.Do otuse arrowtock;nste
cutpieceshat re t east inches
and hen ip he ockbeadingrom h
Insta l lnauxi l ia ryence nd a ise
moldingea dnt ohewoodenceon
it . Use featherboardo securehewpiece; crewt to a shim o hepres
wi l lbeapp l iedga insthemidd lef
stock. oadlusthecut,center ned
theboard ver cutter,hen utt he e
againsthe ace f hestock. old
workpiecelush gainsthe ence n
table syou eed t into hecutters/
Shapeheoppositedge f heboar
same ay. nce l lyour tock as e
mi l led .nsta l l r iob lade n he aw
cut hecockbeadingrom heboards
ing t wide noughoprotrudey% n
from he abbetsn hesafe.
Auxiliary ence Featherboard
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PIESAFE
J Gluingownhe ockbeading<'
C u t hecockbead i ngo f i t i ns idehe r on t r am e ,m i te r -
i n g h ee n d s . u ta n d i t o n ep i e c e t a t i m e , l i g n i n gh e
mi te red ndsw i th hecorners f t he rabbe ts . p read l i t t l e
g l ueon he con t ac t i ngur faces . seanysu i t ab l e l am p o
FASTENINGHE ()P ANEL
secu r ehe cockbead i nglong he op and bo t tom f t he
open i ng , ro tec t i nghes t ockw i thw ood ads ; o r he s i des ,
wedgehin wood t r ips l ight lyongerhan hegapbetween
the cockbeadingabove).
1Makinghewood uttons
I l f youareusing ood ut tonso nsta l l
the opon hepiesafe, ouwi l l need o
make nough uttonso space hemevery
6 inches longheends ndedges f he
panel . ou anmass-producehe but tons
froma s ing le oard f a th icknessqual
to thegapbetweenhe opedge f the op
frame ai ls nd hegroovesoucut n the
rails page 3), essZo nch.Cu ta %-inch
rabbet t each ndof he board,hen ipi t into - inch-widet r ips ndcut o f f he
but tons bout % nchesrom heends(inset).fomake crew olesn he buttons,
i ns ta l l o - i nch i t n you r r i l lp r ess nd
fashion cornerig rom%-inch lywood
andL-shapedupport rackets. lamp hej i g o t hem ach i neab le nds t eadyhe
but tons i t ha push t i c k .Dr i l l h rough
the center f the unrabbetedort ion f
eachbutton /efu.
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PIESAFE
r) Instal l ingtheidemoldingI FasIenne idemoldingrst ,henthe ront iece,nd nal lyhe emain-ing ide iece. ut hemoldingieces
to ength, i teringheir nds. preadsome lue n h e ontactingurfacesbetweenhe irst ide iece nd he oprai l f he ide nd et heoiecenposit ion.oal loworwoodmovement,
donot pply ny lue etweenhemoldingnd he opof hesafe. lampthe ront ieceo he ront ai l -withoutglue-tohelp ou l ignheside ieceproperly.nstal lwobar lampslongthe op o secureheside iecenplace,ighteninghe lampsradual ly
unti l hinbead fglue queezesutfrom he oint; sewood adso protect
bothhemoldingnd he op above).
Q Installinghe rontmoldingr.J 0nce hesrdemoldingas eensecured,emovehe lampsoldinghefront iecenplace nd pply lueo tand o he ront ai l f hepie afe. lsospreadome dhesiven hemiteredends f hemolding.se andscrewsoclamphe rontmoldingo he abinet,spacinghe lampsbout inchespart(left). inally,nstallhe emainingidepiece s ou id he rst ne.
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SHELVING
A diustablehelvinsould odoubtA ttuu. ppealedishaker urnituremakers.he eature ivescabinetlex-ibiliry adaptingo changingeedsnd
enablingheusero organizepace ostefficiently.heshelvesanbeheld nplace ithshelf upportshat it inholesdrilledn thestiles,sshown t right.Another ptionsshop-madeoodencorner tripsbelow),hich re adoedandattachedo the nteriorcorners fthepiesafeo holdup heshelving.
USING ORNERTRIPS
1 Makinghe ornertrips
I You anmakeour tr ips, ne oreach ornerf hepie
safe,rom single -inch-wideoardhat s ong nougho
extendrom op o bottom f hecabinet.nstall dado ead
onyourable aw nd et hewidth qualo he hicknessf
theshelf upportsouwil luse.Determinehedesiredpacing
of henotches-typicallybout inches-and ut wodadoes
thatdistancepartna miter auge xtensionoard. lign he
left-handadowith heblades ndscrewheextensiono he
A metqlshelf upport in is being crewednto a threaded leeven
apiesafe tile. nsertednto drilledholes t evenf spacedntervals
from thebottom o the opof thecabinet,hesleevesllow hepins-
and shelves-tobe nstalled t virtuallyany height nside hesafe.
gauge ith heother ado ffseto he ight.Cuta 2-inchpiece f shelf upporttock nd t i t into hatdado, here
willserve san ndexingkeyinseil. ut ou r rstdado bo8 inchesro moneend-orat whatevereight ouwant ou
lowesthelf.Cut hesecondndsubsequentadoesymo
ing hepieceo he ight nd itt inghepreviousado verth ekey above).he nhedadoesreall cut, ip heboard
into our1-inch-wideornertr ios.
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PIESAFE
r) Installinghe ornertrips
L and helf upportsSpreadome lue n hecontact ing
surfacesetweenhecornertr ips nd
the t i les f hep ie afe , nd osi t ion
each tr ip,makingurehat hedadoes
facehe nteriorf he abinet.oclamp
the tr ipsnplace. se hinwoodcraps
sl ightlyongerhan hegap etweenhe
stripsabove).or heshelf upports(representedydottedinesn he l lus-
trat ion), easurehedistanceetween
the ront nd ack t i les f hesafe nd
crr t hen ieceso i t Ensurehat hesuppor tsrewide nougho ho ldhe
shelvesecurely.
Q Preparinghe helves\, Al l our ornersfeach helfmust e
notchedo i t aroundhe ornert r ips.
Measurendmark ach he l fc lampt
face ownoa work urface,nd utout
thecornersitha backsawlefD.
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TIN-PANELDOORS
-f h. doorsof thepiesafe re oined
I with the openversion f the mor-tise-and-tenonloint used o assemblethe cabinet. hereinforcing egswill
prevent he oints from racking,evenunder heheaviestse.Asshownbelow,you canmakehe ointonyour able awwitha shop-madeig.Once hedoors reassembled,heyare abbetedo acceptthe tin panelspage0B).Asshownonpage I 1,a varietyof special unchesare availableor piercing he panelsthemselves.nce hepanels re nstalled,the doorscanbe mounted o the safewith simplebutt hinges page114).
Thedoors f thepiesafe reassembledwith mortise-and-tenons,einforcedywoodpegs.The in panels it n rabbetsalong he nsideedges f thedoors ndareheld nplacebystripsof molding.
MAKINGHED(IORS
1Cuttinghe enonheeksn he ails
I Cut penmortise-and-tenonsnyourable aw singheshop-madeigshothe nset. efero hedimensionsuggested,akingurehe hicknessf hespandwidth f hebrace nablehe ig o sl ide longhe ip ence i thout obbCut hebody ndbracerom /uinchplywoodnd heguide nd pacerromwood. aw noval oleora handlen he ig body nd ttachheguideo hebodfront f hehandle.crew wood locko hebody elowhehandlend t tactogglelampo heblock. inally,astenhe pacerndbracenplace.o ut he echeeksn hedoor a i ls, ut t heworkpiecegainstheguide nd lampt n plSet hecutting eighto h e enonength, ositionhe enceo align ne f hectingmarksn he ai lwi th heblade nd l idehe igalonghe enceo makehebbove).urnhe ailaroundo cut heother heek,hen epeathecuts t heotend f he ai l nd tboth nds f he emainingai ls,
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PIESAFE
Cutt inghe enon houlders
Screw board o the mitergauge s
nextension.hen, o ld ingne f hedoor
heextension,d lustheblade
o thedepth f the enon houlder .heshou l de ri t h heb lade , u t ta
b lock gainsthestock, nd
blocko heextension;henotch
blockwill preventawdustrom
etweent and heworkpiece.
o ld inghe a i l ush gainstheextension
he stooblock.eed he stockwith hear rpen c r r i he rs t hou lder .o
oppos i t ehou lder ,u rn he a i lright). epeato cut he enon houl-
other ndof he a i land n he
ai ls . Caut ion: lade uard
or clarity.)
-) Cuttinshemortisesn he tiles<'
r. , l Usehe enoningig o saw hemor-t isesn hedoor t i les . ut l inehemor-
t i ses n heends f he t i les,s ing
completedenon saguide.hen lampnnp n f the s t i l es n thp i i o rese t he h ladp
heighto the enon ength, ndposi t ion
the ence o al ign neof hecutt ingmarks
w i t h h eb l a d e . l i d eh e i ga l o n gh e
fence o cutone rde f hemort ise,hen
turn hest i le roundo cut heother ide( /ef f ) . eposi t ionhe ence ndmake s
manypasses snecessaryo clearout he
waste etweenhe kerfs.Repeathe cutsat the other ndof the st i leandat both
ends f he em a i n i nst i l es .
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PIESAFE
4iPreparinghedoor ramesor he alsemull ion
\, 1 Toenable he pie safedoors o closeproperly,ut a rabbet
a longhe nsideaceof bothdoors t he i r ontact ingdges;
wood t r ip , nown sa fa lsemul l ion, i l lbegluedntothe abbet
of the ef t -hand oor o he doorswi l l rest lushwhen losed(page10.fhe t/e-inchapbetweenhe r ight-handoor nd he
edge f he mull ion i l lpreventhedoorsro mbinding hen hey
are losed, sshownn heend-on iew n he nset. or herab-
bets,nstall dado ead nyourable aw ndadjusttswidth
to1/znch nd tsheightto/ronch. t tachnauxi l iaryfencetyourable aw ip ence,ositionhe enceor hecutting idth,
andnotchhewoodenence ith heblades.osupporthedoor
frames.lamo eatherboardo he ence bovehedado ead.Feed ach rame nside-faceownwithbothhandsabove),
keepingt laton he able ndpressedlush gainsthe ence.
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PIESAFE
JPeggingtheortise-and-tenons
/ Mark eg oles t all our ornersf each oorrame,en -teringhem n he ront ace f he ailsr/z nchesrom hesideedge f hedoor.nstal l 5/ro- inchrad-pointi t nyour ri l lpress,lace backupanel n h emachineableo minimizetearout,nd etone f hedoorramesn op, enteringdrillingmark nderhebit.Adjusthedri l l ingepthoaboutwo-th i rdsthe hicknessf he rame. utt board gainsthe rame nd
MAKINGHE INPANETS
1 Securinghepatterno hepanel
I Tinpanelsnd he ools sedopunch
holesn hem re vai lablerom olk-artsupply ouses.he est ayo punchheholesn hepanelso hey re l l he ameis o use patternsa template.everalcommonatternsre llustratednpage
111;use photocopieri th nenlarge-ment eatureo oroduceversionf he
desi redatternhat s hesame ize syour anels.hen etone f hepanels
inside-facepona backupoard,enter
th epatternn hepanel,nd ix hepaper
to he inwithmaskingape. osecurehepanelo hebackupoard,se ush ins,
tappinghem nto heboard veryewinchesroundheperimeterf hepanel.
clampt nplacesanedgeuide.hen, oldinghe rame gtheguide, rill hehole above,eft).Borehe emainingoin both rameshesame ay.Cuta pegoreach olerom p
ofsol id tock, akingt sl ight lyhorterhan hedepth f holes,hepegs hould ecutsquare,aperedt hebottomandwitha slight ha mfert he op.Ta p ach egnto tshwitha hammerabove,ight),lellingt protrudebout /r on
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PIESAFE
TRADITIONATINPANEL ATTERNS COMMONINPUNCHOOLSANDTHECUTS HEYMAKE
Basbpunchldeal or makin4qeomet-ric patterna becauaeLproducea olea f uniformerze; hts punch eaveea amoothedqeon botheideeof the panel
Lamp maker'achiselFroducea emooth,elon-
4aLedhole; raditionallyuaed n lanLernmaktnq
CurvedchiaelMakeacreacentmoon ehapedcute; tradittonally ueedwhenti4htinqwaopootttoned ehtnd
the panele
Star punchTraditionally ne of the moatcommonly oedohapeo
Diamond punchldeal for Lhe edqee of patterne;a traditional choice when Iiqh'L-tn4 wao uaed behind Lhe panele
PineapplepunchFroducee he burraonpineapple aLterno
Courteey f CountryAccents.MonLourevi l le.A
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PIESAFE
r' ) Punchingheholes
L tJsea hammer nd heappropr ia te
punch r chisel or he ypeof hole ou
wish o produce. oldinghepunch ert i -
cal ly n oneof the pattern oles, t r ikethe toolwith he hammer righil.A mini-
mumamount f force s neededo punc-
ture he panel;he harder oustr ike he
punch ,he argerheho lew i l lbe .Punch
al l he holeshesameway, hangingo a
di f ferent unch rchisel s necessary.f
youareusing metal ther han in for
thepane ls ,uch smi ld tee l , ouw i l l
need o f i le he sharp dges f theholes
on heou ts ideace f hepane ls . i th
t in, i l ing s notnecessary.
Insta l l inghe inpanelsndmoldingMakeour t r ips fmo ld ingo reach ane l syouwou ld
for the glassdoorsof a wall clock page125). hen set he
door rames uts ide-faceownon a work urface nd place
panel ndmoldingn posi t ion.hesharp dges f hepunched
ho les hou ld e ac ing own.Bore i l o tho les o r i n i sh ing
na i l shroughhemold ingnd nto he rame very inthen r ivehena i l s s ing b rad r i ve r . ouse hedr iinse r t na i l n to p i lo t o le ,hen os i t ionhe aws nt igh tenhe ock ingut .Ho ld inghe ame teady,quth e aw so set he nail above).
, o b ; 0 0 0 - 0 6 " 0 0 "? ' - r . .
" " '""""'""^""-.3: *
- ' " " :
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PIESAFE
INSTATTINGHEDO()RS
ili, llj ltl ili lll lli lll lil jlt lj ljJlit ll rilltll ili jjj lll1 Instal l inghehinges n hedoors
I Secure neof thedoors inge-edge
up n a bench i se .Out l i neneh i nge
leaf bout inchesrom he opof the
door ndanother inchesrom he bot -
tom.Then . o ld rngch r se le r t i ca l l y .
scoreheout l ine ndcut t s l ight ly eep-
er han he h icknessf hehinge eaf .
H o l d hech i se l eve l p o pare he
waste rom he mort ise above). nceyouhave leared u t he remain ing
mort isesn bothdoors, e t he hinges
in he i rmor t i ses ,r i l lp i l o t o l es , nd
screwhem n place.
1HO?Tt?Making butterfly hingeeWiLh heirwing-shapedle ves, utLerf lyhinqee
were ommonly eed n3haker urniture. od y,theyareexVeneivenAditri ult Lo find. l, ow v r,t ranof rming eNandardbutlhinqe nho buLterflyhinqeoa oimplemalter,Grind he opoandbollomsof butt hinqeeaveoonyourbenchrinder nLi lyouuI away noughmelal lo Vroducehe characterieNichape.
6
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PIESAFE
O Installinghehinges n hesafe
Z- Pos i t i on neo f the doors n the
cabinet, l ippingwoor hree heets fpaper nder hedoor sspacers, sea
bar lamp o hold hedoor n place,hen
mark he ops ndbottoms f hehinge
leavesn he ns ide dge f he ron t
frame t i les above). emovehe door,
s l ip hepins utof he hinges,ndout-l i n c th p f r p p h i n s p l p : v p c n n t h p s : f p
usinghemarks oumade o determine
theheight f heout l ines. ake ure he
hinge inswi l l protrudearenoughrom
thesafe o as not o bindagainsthe
cockbead inghen hedoor sopened
and losed. hisel ut hehingemort ises
on hecab ine t t i l es syoud idon he
doors page 13) andscrew he hinge
leavesn place. epeatheprocessi th
theother oor.
Hanginghedool
Once l l thehingeeavesre nstal led,t is ime o hang hedoor. i f toneof h
doorsnt oposition o h e hinge eaves n he door nd he safe ngageabove). li p
each inge in n placeo oin he eaves. angheother oor hesame ay.
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,.!l
wiat
I" - * s F . 3
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i S i l
ff i hesame rinciplesha t$ guided heShakersn
their daily l ives-pur i ty,wholesomeness,nduseful-ness-are eflectedn every-
thing heybuilt.Each f thesrnallShaker rojects ea-tured n thischapter-awallclock,a stepstool,an ovalbox, and a pegboard-is aclassicxamplef h is ingle-mindedphilosophy.
To heShakers,o house-hold it em, no ma tterhowsmall, ouldbe consideredfrivolousor simpleadorn-menl The erm
"knickknack"
hadnoplacen heirexicon.Whateverheymade ad obestrong, urable, ndwith-ou [ ault.talso ad obeper-fectly uited o thepurposefor which t wasdesigned.
Wallclocks,ike he oneshown n page I B,and all, reestandingrandfatherlockswere ssentialo theShakers'disciplinedives, ut heShakersdesignedther ypes or special eeds. hehomely
wag-on-
the-wall" lockhadno case, ut onlya small rame o pro-
tect hemechanism,ndsimply ung roma peg. heyalsomade asic locksor theirbarns hathadonlyanhourhand.Eveness rnatewas he
"towerclock"at Sabbathdayake,
Maine. his imeuieceadno face r hands t all. ts main
featurewasan 80-poundbrass ngine ell hatsound-ed oudlyon hehour.
Oval boxes, ike thoseshownat eft,wereused o
store variety fdry goods.With theirdistinctivewal-lowtail ingers,traight ides,andsmooth inish, hebox-eswereelevated y Shakercraftsmanshiprom merevesselsnt o things f beau-ty.That he Shakers adethese oxes y he housandswhileholding o a highstan-dardof excellences emark-able-and typicalof their
creed ndcraftsrnanship.The al lcabinetsuilt by
theShakersreatedheneedto accessighshelves.hestepstoolshownon pageI29 nsweredh is equ i le -nent, becoming mobile
but sturdy taircase.lthoughts reads ere ftendovetailedinto hesides,trength,atherhanappearance,ustif iedheattractiveoinerv.
Thepegboardpage 35)san example fhow theShakersstretchedheusefulnessf a hurnblete muntilit becamenindispensableartof their ives.Pegsined hewallsof mostShaker omes, anging ve rythingrom bookshelvesndkitchenmolementso clocks ndchairs.
SreRCLASSICS
Madefi"ontquartersawn herryverteer,he bandfor the
boxshownabove s bett oroLffid dryingfonrr after firstltehry onkedn hot waternnd softerrcd. he band s
seuu'edn itsbentshnpe y copper acks.
The rttils,stiles, nd divider of thef'urrc for a Shnkerwnll
clocknrebeingglued tp,seared by bnr chmtps The rails
and st i les howttat left orc oitret lwith rabbets,while
the divider sirrryly rts tto dndoes ff acrosslrc stiles.
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WALLCLOCK
T h. Shakersed verydisciplined,I structuredives. hey ose t4:00a.m.n thesummer,llowinghemselvesto sleepn anhour atern winter. hey
stopped orkingat7:30 .m.on sum-mereveningsndat 8:00 .m. n thewinter, ne-half ourbefore veningworship.hey lso te heirmealstpre-cise imes. ShakerlderromOhioonce aid,
Theclocksan emblem f
theShakerommunity ecausevery-thinggoesn ime.Promptness,bsolutepunctuality,s a sine uanonof a suc-cessfulommunity."
In theearly,leanearsf heirmove-ment,Shakerommunitiesonsidered
themselvesortunateo ownonework-ing"alarum"
clock.As hesect ros-pered, ndasclockmakersoinedhemovement,heavailabilityfthe ime-
piecespread.heShakerseverarriedpocketwatches,owever. hese ereconsiderednnecessaryndulgences.
Themechanismsf originalShakercloclsweremaderombrass r wood.Alesmstlyandmoreeliable odem lter-natives o buyaquartz lockmovement.Thesean eorderedompleteithmet-aldialandwithorwithoutapendulumfrommany obby upply tores.he ol-lowingpageshow ow o assemblecaseora Shaker-styleallclock.
IsaacNewtonYoungs asoneof the ew Shaker lockmakersto design ndconstruct asesohouse istimepieces.heclock
shownbelowwas nspiredbyone hathebuib n thespringof 1840 t theNewLebanoncommunityn New YorkState.
ANATOMYFA WALL TOCKTop rim4" x 1O3A"Caee top
panel5" x 9%"
Top-dooretile'lt/o"
x 10"Top-doorrail (2) -
1%" 10"Baakboard9%"x 32t"la"
Divider1'/o" 10"
Eottom-door
Caae aidepanel3" x 3O"ail (2)
2" x 10"
Eottom-door atile2"x'19%"
Bottom,iTtr;?;f
Thewall locksassembledith hesame reci-sionha tShakersroughto heir aily outines.
The ourpanels f hecase re luedogetherwith abbets,nd he ails nd tiles f hedoorsare oined ithopenmortise-and-tenonoints.
Thebackboardits ntoa rabbetutalongheback f hecase anels,nd s nai ledn place.
The ri mpiecesre imply luedo he opandbottom anelsf hecase. hedividersgluedinto toppedadoesn hesidepanelsf hecase.Use%e-inch-thicktockorall but hedoors nddivider, hich remaderom%-inch-thickood.
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SHAKERCLASSICS
BUILDINGHE ASE
1Rabbetinghesidepanels
I Preparehecase iecesorassembly
by abbet ingheends f hes idepanelsonyour able aw. nsta l l dadohead n
thesaw ndad j us tt sw id th o %unch .
Se t hecr r t t i np e iph t t I i n ch .Sc r ew
a wooden ux i l i a r yenceo the i p ence
andnotch t w i th hedadohead. ohelp
you eed he long tockacrosshe saw
t ab l e nd o min im izeearou t , c rew
board san extensiono the miter auge.
Then, ut t ing nesidepanel gainsthe
f ence nd heex t ens i on ,eed t a long
with he miter augeo cut he rst ab-
beI (right).Repeat t the otherendof theboard nda t bo thendso f t he second
sidepanel . opreparehesidepanelsor
t he backboa r d ,u t a r abbe t l ong he
back dse f each oard
r) Preparinghesidepanels
L tor hedivider
0ut l ine hedado n he ront dge f each
s i d e a n e lh a tw i l l a c c e p th ed i v i d e r .
The eng th f t hedado hou l d e abou t
one-hal fhewidth f hediv ider .nstal l
st raight i t hesame iameters hedado
wrdth n a router , ut tonesidepanel n a
work urface gainst backup oard, nd
al ign he b i tover heout l ine. ut ta board
asanedge uide gainsthe outer ase
plate ndclamp hesetup n place.With
the base late lushagainstheedge uide,
p lungehe br t n to he backup oard nd
gu i det i n to hes ide ane l , t opp i nghe
cutat your nd ine /ef t ) . out hedado
in hesecond i depane l ,hensqua r e
both adoes i tha ch ise l .
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SHAKERCLASSICS
QPreparinghedivideror nstallation
r - ,1Leav inghe aux i l i a ryence nd
miter auge xtensionnyour able aw,
no tch heends f hed iv ide ro f i t i n to
thedadoesoucu t n hes ide ane ls .Pos i t i onhe ence o cu ta %u- inch -w ide
no tch ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh t f he
dado ead o % nch .Ho ld inghed iv ide r
on edge nd lush ga ins the ence nd
extension,eed he miter augento he
blades. urn he board round ndnotch
the other end(right).
RoundingverhedividerRound verhe ront dee f he
divider na routerable. nstal l p i lot
%-inchound-overi t n a router, oun
the oo l n a tab le , nda l ign he enc
with hebi t 'spi lotbear ing.osupport
div ider, se hree eatherboards,lamping wo o the ence, neoneach ide
the b i t ,andone o the ab le .B raceh
secondeatherboardit ha support oa
securedo the able. Note: he eathe
board n he outfeed ideof the fenc
hasbeen emovedorclar i ty.) owusepush t ick o feed hediv ider crossh
table (left).Make wo passeso roun
over ach aceof the stock, tar t ing
a sha l lowu tand a is inghebi ts l i ghf n r i h p c p e n n d n : c c
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SHAKER LASSICS
f ,Cutt inghebackboard
r- , / Usea piece f sol rdwood or he
backboard-a haker u i lder ou ld yp i -
ca l l v ave r sed i ne Tomark u t he
arch t t he opo f t he backboa r d ,i r s tmark cen te r l i neearhe opendof he
stock nduse compasso out l ine ci r -
c l ew i tha rad iu s f 2 l i nchesn hemid-
dleof hestock, entered1, nchesrom
t he opend .Nex t ,mark s t ra igh ti ne
acrosshestock ' inchesrom he op
end .Draw w ope r pend i cu l a ri nes s
show no accom m oda t ehe no t chesnt hp nn nanp l qp n r r band aw o cu t
ou t hea r ch .Se t hes t ock n hesaw
tab le nd eed hep i ece i thbo t h ands ,
makinghestraight uts rstand hensawinghesemici rcle/ef t ) .
,
Dr i l l inghepegholen hebackboard
, l Toensureheclockwi l lhang evel ,henesholemrrst ecenteredetween
h ee d p e s f h e b a c k b o a r d .a r k
o in t nyou r en te r l i neZ nches
he opo f hearch , henbo r e he
y o u r r i l l r e s s .n s t a l i / - i n c h
r t n hem ach i nend l am p
ane lo l ' e ab le o he lp i n i -
os i t ionourmark i rect ly
h eb i t , l a m p h eb a c k b o a r dn
nddrr l l he hole rrght).
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SHAKERCLASSICS
JPreparingtheoppaneland op
I tt impieceor hebackboard
Youwi l lneed o cu ta no tch n heb
edge f the op panel nd op r im p
of the c lock ase o accommodatehbackboard.ut l inehenotchn hemi
of the edge f eachpiece. eavehe d
head ndmiter auge xtensionny
table aw, ut move he ence utof
way . o cu t he no tches ,l i gn he d
h e a d i t ho n e n do f h eo u t l i n e ,a
the b ladeso the h i cknessf the b
board , nduse he m i te r augeo fe
the panelnt o hecut.Then, lidehew
piece longheextensiony hewidt
the kerfand makeanother ass /effl,c
t inuing nt i l ou eachheother ndof
out l ine. se hesame etupo prepa
top r impieceor hebackboard.
Assemblinghe aseSm nn t h hc c as p n i e r ^ e5 p l l l g
backboard,sing rogressivelyiner and-paper,in ishing i th220-gr i t . ssemble
thecase n wosteps, tar t ing i th he
fourpanelsnd hediv ider. preadlue n
al l hecontact ingurfacesf thepieces
andclamp he oints ecurely,sshown
in thecolor hoto n page 16.Check
thecornersorsquare y measur inghe
distance etweeniagonal lypposi teor-
ners f thecase. he womeasurements
shou ld e hesame; f no t ,ad jus t he
clamping ressurent i l hey re. nce hegluehas ured, emoveheclamps, et
the assemblyac edown na work urface,
and i t t he backboardn pos i t i on .t i s
secured i th na i l s ; o no tuseanyg lue ,
since he boardmustbe ree o move s
thewood wel ls ndcontractsi thhumid-
i tychanges. ore i lotholesor nishing
nai lshroughhebackboardnd nto he
rabbets long he backedges f thecasenane lsSnacehehn les bou t i nches
apart ,hendr ive he nai ls n place r ight) .
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SHAKER LASSICS
HE OORS
Cut t inghe enonsn he ai ls
I Use our ab l e aw o cu t he open
ha t o in he ra i l sndst i les f hedoors. aw he pieceso
hen ns ta l l commerc ia lenon i ng
rgon he saw ab le ; he mode l hown
n hemi te r l o t .C l am o neo f he
end-upo the ig,us ing wood ad
n r n t pn t t ho c t n r k l \ / l : k p t hc r r r t t i no
qual o thestockwidthandposi -
s o h eo u t s i d ea c e s f h e
w o r k p i e c er ea l i g n e d .
he ig orwardo feed he rai l ntor i ph t ) hen urn he s tockr r b , r ! / t ! ' i v i i
eoea the cu t on he o therMovehe ig owardhe blade l ightly
o he h icknessf he enonwi l lbeeoual
about ne- th i r dhe s t ock h i ckness
ndm ake w omore asses . epea the
o cut enon heeks n heother
ndo f t he ra i landa t bo thends f t he
a i l s .
r) Sawinghemortises
I Clamp neof thedoor t i les nd-upo
the ig,posi t ronhe rg o centerheedge
of theworkpiece i th he blade, nd eed
the stock nto he cut (left).Thenmove he
1ig ery l ight ly way om he b lade o
en la rgehem or t i se . ake no t he r ass ,
turn hest i le roundn he ig,and eed t
into heblade gain. ext ,est- f i t neof
the ai l enonsn hemort ise.f the i t is
too ight,movehe ig away rom he blade
sl ightly ndmake wo morepasses,ontin-
u ing n t i l t heenoni t s nug l yn hemor -
t i se.Use he sameprocedureo cut the
mor t isest heother ndof hest i le nd
at both nds f he emain ingt i les. ou^ ^ - ^ r ^ ^ , , ^ ^ ̂ ^ L ^ ^ * ^ r p i i o f n n r r i h i cd I d t 5 u u 5 t r d 5 i l u p - i l t d u - r , o . -
jo int , sshown npage 06.
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SHAKERCLASSICS
QGluingp he ai ls nd t i les
r- ,1 Drv-assemblehe two door rameso check he i t of thejoints. f theyar e oo ight,us ea chisel o pare way xcess
wood; f anyof the enons xtends eyondhe outside dges f
thest i les, and t f lush. hen pread lue n hecontact ingur-faces f he a i l t enons nds t i l emor t i ses ,ndassemb lehe
frames. se hree lampso secure ach ssembly,l ignin
witheach ai landcenter ingthirdbetweenhest i les; rote
thestock i thwood ads. ightenheclamps l i t t le t a t im
untila thingluebead queezesut of theloinIs
above),he
ing he rame orsquare syougo.
/Preparingtheoor ramesorglass anels
-tEach oorwi l l have glass anel hat
si ts n rabbets ut along he nside dges f
the rame;heglasss held n place ystr ips
of molding. nce hegluehas ured, emove
the clamps ndcut he rabbets n a router
table. nstal l ' / . inch op-pi lotedtraight i t
rna rou te r ndmount he ool n a tab le .
Ad jus theb i t he igh to thecomb inedh ick -
ness f theg lass ndmo ld ing ouw i l l be
using.Removehe ence ndse ta door rame
on he able. urn n he oolandpresshe
inside dge f he rame gainsthebi t near
on ecorner,hen otatehe stock lockwiseo
cu t he rabbe ts long he ra i l s nds t t l es(r ishf l Keen he ramp aton he ableas" b " ' / ' '
yo u ee d t into he bit.Squarehe corners f
the abbets i tha mal let nda wood hisel .
Repeatheprocedureor heother oor.
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SHAKER LASSICS
ri Makinghe lass-stopolding, f Cut hemold inghatwi l lsecureheglassn hedoorsrom
a single%-inch- thickoard. tar t y oundingver oth dges
of he piece syoudid or hedrv iderpage 20) , hen rp he
mold ingrom he board nyour able aw, eedinghestock
witha push t ick above) .aw he mold ingo f t in to he rab-
be t s n hedoors , ak ing 5 'm i te rcu ts t heends f eachp i ece . u tand i t onep i ece t a t ime,mak ingureo a l i gnhe
miter utswrth hecornersf he rabbets.
f, Mountinginges n hedoors
r- ,1Thedoors rehung n heclock asewithbut th inges:he
hinge eavesre oncealedn recessesut nto he ns ideaces
of hedoors nd he ront dges f hecase. os i t ionach oor
in urnon hecase ndout l inehehingeeavesn hedoors ndthecase. ocut he ecessesn hedoors, lamp he rameo a
work ur facenside- facep.Cuteach ecess i tha chise ln wo
steps. tar t yhold inghechise l er t i ca l l ynyour ut l ine i th
thebeve lac i nghew as t e nd ap hehand le i t ha mal l e t ,
mov inghech i se l l ongo scoreheent i r e u t l i ne . hen are
aw ayhewasten h i n aye r s ,o l d i nghech i se l o r i zon ta l l y ,
bevel-sidep (left). estJit hinge eaf n he recess eriodical ly,
s topping hen he ecesssabout%onchdeeperhan he h ick-
ness f he eaf .Wi th he h ingeeaf n posi t ion, ark hescrew
holesn he ecess,ore pi lo thole t eachmark, ndscrewhe
hingeeaf o hedoor .Use hesame rocedureo cut he ecess-
es n th e rontedges f the case.
I
Securingheglass
I Have lass anels reparedor he door, utt ing hem %
inch hor terndnar rowerhan hei r penings.h iswi l l eave
a %o- inchaparoundheglasso a l low orwoodmovement .
Apply our n ish o thedoor rames,et t dry, henset he
door rames ndglass na work ur face ndplacehemold-
ing n posi t ion.ore i lotholesor in ish ing a il s hroughhe
mold ing nd nto he rame very inches,hendr ive henai ls
using brad r iv er . ouse hedr iver ,nser t nai l ntoa pi lo t
ho l e ,henpos i t i onhe aws nd i gh tenhe ock i ng u t .
Ho ld inghe r am e t eady ,queezehe aws o se t he na i l(above). sea piece f cardboardo protectheglass.
Tuahetick
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SHAKERCLASSICS
FINATSSEMBLY' l Gluingn he rim ieces
I Cut he opandbottomrimpieceso
size,hen ound ver ne ace f heir ideand ront dgesna routerable sing9%-inchound-overit @age 20. To n-stall hepieces,et heclock ase n tsback nawork urfacend preadlue nthecontactingurfacesf he rimpieces
and he opandbottom anels.osi t ionthe r impieceso heir ack dgesreflushwith heback f hecase nd ecurethemwithbar lampspacedvery to 6inches. ightenheclampsright) nlilalitt le lue queezesutof he oints.
r) Preparinghe aseor hedial nd lockmechanismL me dialand lockmechanismre t tachedo a hinply-
wood ackingoard, hichn urn sscrewedo cleats luedoth e nside f hecase. ut wo leatso t alonghe nsideaceof hecase ide anelsetweenhe oppanel nd hedivider.Cut h i rd ne o run lonethens ideace f he oooane l
betweenheside anels.ohelp oumarkhepositionsf cleats,est-fitheclockn hecase,ememberingo allowothedoors. ncehecleat ositionscertain,preadlue ncontactingurfacesetweenhecleats nd hecase, nd lthecleatsn placeabove).
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SHAKERCLASSICS
Assemblinghe lockmechanismAssembleheclockmechanismollowinghemanufactur-d irect ions.or hemodel hown, osi t ionhedialon
hebackingoard rovidedndoutl ineheshaft ole n hehedialandboreheshaft olehroughhe
oard nyour r i l lp ress. i x hed ia l o heback-ngboard ithepoxy, akingure hedial scenteredetween
the board'sdges. oattachheclockmovementlnsef),nserttheshafthroughheshaft ole nd hedial, hen ightenhenuton he shaftby handhbovd. f the shaftprotrudesoo arfrom hedial, oosenhenut, emovehemovementnd l ip
oneor more ashersetweenhemovementnd hebackingboard. numberfwashersre upplied ithmostmodels.
Securinghe lockassemblyo hecase
Positionhebackingoardn heclockcase nd ri l lo i lo t olesor%-inch o.6 wood crewshroughheboard ndinto hecleats. ore hole t each or-ner, hendrive n hescrews/eff).
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SHAKER LASSICS
f l Hansinshe oorsr\
r- , / Set heclock n rtsback ndposi-
t i on he ondoor n hecase .Wr th heh , n o o n i n n o n i o r p d h c i r n r e p n h p p d o o c
of hedoor ndcase,mark he hinge
leaf crew olesn thecase.Bore he
holes nddr ive hescrews,hen epeat
the nrncessor he hottnmaoor above).
l r e i the r oo r i nds ga rns thed iv ide r ,
t r ysand ingheb ind inga i l Now pp ly
a f in i sho hec lock ase .
Insta l l inghe endulum
Mostpendulum eights ave brassf i n i . h r h ^ r ; ^ ^ ^ " , 1 , , ^ ^ , ^ + ^ h o d . i h p u r o i o h il l l l l ) l l L l l d L ) U d ) l l y ) L l d t L i l L u , L r r L v y u r b r r
i c r r c ' r : l l v n r n t o n t o d h v 2 n l : c t r a a n \ / A r -
i n o D n n n i r p m n r i p i h p e n v p r i n s r r n l i l l h p
pendu lumasbeenmounted . l i dehe
pendu lumodunderhec lock ace o t s
t onend -a tchesn he hook nder he
movement .hec lock annowbehung
on a wa l l roma hook r a Shaker eg-
boardike heone hown n page 38 .
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STEPSTOOL
f n theirquestororderandefficienry,I theShakersuilt chests f drawers ndcabinetshatmadegooduseof availablespace,ftenstretchingromfloor o ceil-
ing.Step toolsike heoneshown elowevolvedo enable ousehold embersto gainaccesso the uppermost helves.Depending n individualneeds,hestoolsweremade n two-, hree-,andfour-stepersions.he allerstools ften
ANATOMYF STEPTO(IT
featured teadyingodsscrewedo theside o provideahandhold.
Althbugh hese tools ppealo themoderneye,usefulness as heShaker
builder's ole oncern. hroughdove-tailswerechoseno attach he reads othesides ecausehe nterlockingoints
gave he stools trength ndstability.Step-by-stepnstructionsor cutting hejointsby hand,muchasaShaker rafts-
man might havedone,are providedstarting n page 30.
Thestools ereraditionally ut rom%-inch-thickherryexceptor theX-inch-
thickcrosspieces.nce ouhave utyourstock or thesides fthe stool, seapen-cil to mark he op,bottom,and rontandbackedges f each iece. hiswillhelpyouavoidanyconfusionwhenyoucome o cut hepinsat hesides'top nds.
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SHAKER LASSICS
CUTTINGHE OVETAILS
1 Notchinghe idesor he rosspiecesI "
I Thes ides remade rom woboardsp l r r e d
n p e t h e rf t e r h e n o t c h e s n dthe p inso f the dove ta i lo in ta recu t n
them.Out l rnehe no tches n heedges
o f e a c h r d e i e c e .h e n u t h e mo n
your ab le aw. ns ta l l dadohead n
thesaw ndse t hecu t t i ng e igh to the
no tchw id th .Sc rew boardo the mi te r
gauge san extension. ake everalasses
to cut eachnotch r ight) , eeding hec t n n k r r n n n o d o p r n r i t h h p m i t p r s : t t o e
l l c p t h o r i n f p n c p , r c , q r r r d p o r c r r t t i n ov i v v ! ! i I b
u p o t h en o t c h n d i n e .
r) Laying ut hepins
L S"ta cutt ing augeo hestockhicknessndscr ibe l ine
aroundhe opendof each rde ieceo mark heshoulderine
o f he a i l s .Nex t , se dove ta i lquareo ou t l i nehep ins n
thesame nd; hew ide ar t f hep ins hou ld eon he ns ide
faceof thestock. tar twi tha hal f-pin t each dge ndaddo r r o n l v c n a n e d n i n c i n h o t u r p p n T n c n m n l p t p t h c m : r k i n o s p a t t r p
thepiecena vise nduse trysquare ndpenci lo extendhe
l ines n heboard nd o heshoulderines bove).Mark he
waste ectrons i th Xsasvouqo.
Q Cuttingin s
r.J Leavehepiecen hevise ndusea dovetai law o cu
a long heedges f he p ins ,work ingromones ideo f th
boardo theo ther . o r ach u t ,a l i gn hesawb ladeusthewaste ideof hecutt ing ine.Use mooth, ven trok
al lowinghe saw o cut on he push lroke above).ont in
saw ingrgh to heshou lde rine ,mak ing u re ha t heb lad
oeroend icu la ro he ine
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SHAKER LASSICS
Chiselingut hewasteSet hesidepiecensideaceup on a
work ur face ndclamp n a guide lock,
a l i gn ingtsedgewi th heshou l de ri ne .
U s i ng ch i se l ow i de r han he na r r ow
sideof the waste ect ion, ut t he lat
s ideof the b lade gainstheguide lock.
Ho ld heendo f hech i se l qua r eo he
faceo f t he p i ece nds t r i ke t w i thaw ooden a l l e t , co r i ng l i neabou t%
inch eep. hen urn hechise lowardhe
endof hepanel bout% nchbelowhe
surface f the wood ndshave ff a thin
layer f wasle abovd.Continue having
awayhewaste n his ashionnt i l ou
areabout alfwayhroughhe hickness f
th e piece,henmove n o th enext ec-
t ion.When ouhave emovedll he waste
from hisside. urn hepiece ver , nd
work rom he other ide left)unti l he
pins re omplete lyxposed.
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SHAKER LASSICS
Abhough theShakers id not have
routers nd conmtercinlig sat their
disposal, he tools'efficacyor cutting
dovetail oittts quickly nnd precisely
would certainlyhavenppealedo thent.The jigshownat right consistsf two
tenrplatesfastened o backupboards.
The workpiece s seun'ed o the jig and
a stopblockhelpswith positioningforrepe(lt Ltts. ere,a routerfitted with
n dovetailbit nrovesn and out of the
slots f the tail board template.
f, Layingut he ails
r,l Se ta tread ottom-faceponawork urface. old ne f
the ide iecesins own ith ts nsideace l ignedith he
shou lderine f he read. se penci loou t l inehe a i l s t
each ndof he read bove),hen xtendhe ines n he
board sing trysquare. arkhewaste i thXsand epeat
thep rocessi th he ema in ingread.
f, Cuttinghe ails nd emovingaste
V Use dovetailaw o cut he ai ls hesame ay ou
thepinsGtep ).Angl ingheboardabove),atherha
thesaw,makesoreasieru t t ing . aw mooth lynd v
stopp ingust hor t f heshou lderine . ou ana lso u
the a i l s nyour and aw. emovehewaste i th ch
as n steo .
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SHAKERCLASSICS
7 Testinghe itof he oints
/ Beforelu ing p hestool, ssemblei t ocheckhe it of al l he oints. tandone f he ide iecesnend,hen l ign
a tread ith t. Presshe oint ogetheryhand s aras t willgo (right),henuseamalleto ap he readhe est f hewa yinto lace.heboardshouldt snugly,requir ingnly ightapping;void singexcessiveorce.f anyoint sclear lyootight,markhespot heret binds,hendisassembleheboardsnduse chiselto pareaway litt lemorewood, est-f i t he o in t ga in nd d justt u r ther ,asnecessary.
GLUING PTHESTEP TOOT' l Gluingp he ides
I Set pair f bar lampsna worksurfacend ay woboardsha tmake pa completeide iece n hem. preadglue n he ontac tingdgesf heboards,a l ignheir ottomnds, nd ightenheclamps nti l here renogaps etweentheboardsnd th inbead f adhesivesqueezesutof he oint left).Glue ptheother ide iecehe ame ay.
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SHAKERCLASSICS
r) Relievinghe ide ieces
L gV u t t ing semic i rc leu to f hes ide ieces ,eav ingwo egs neachside,hestool i l lbemore table n
unevenurfaces.djust compasso arad iusf3% nchesndmark semic i r -c leonone f he ide ieces,lacinghecompassornt t hebottom ndof hesidesmidwayetweenheedges. ut hesemicirclenyour and aw right),eed-ing hestock crosshe ablewithbothhands.henmakehe ame u ton heother ide iece. ou an hen moothawayhemarksef tby hesaw lade ne q n i n d l o c a n d p r
? Installinghe readsr- ,1Spreadnevenayer fg lue n hecontact ingurfacesbetweenhepins nd ai ls,hen ssemblehe tool,ett ingthe reads n hesidepiecesabovd. ecurehe ointswithbar lamps,l igninghebars i th he ide iecesndusingwood ads s ong s he read idthodistr ibuteheclamp-ingpressure.
Attachinghe rosspieces
Set hestep tool nts
back dge ndapplylue
ocontact ingurfacesetweenhecrosspiecesnd hesidand reads. lacehecrosspiecesn heir otchesnd lamthem ecurelynplace. ear ach nd f he rosspiecea counterboredoleora wood crewhroughhecrossand nto he ront dge f heside iece. r ive screwneach ol e bovd.For perfect atch, se plug utter your rillpresso cutplugsrom hewaste oodeftby eing he ide ieces tep ).Spreadlue n heplugs ndthemnto heir o les,nsur inghat hegrain irect ionferunsn hesame irect ions hecrosspiece.se chisetr im heplugslush ith he urface,hen andhem mo
Croeapiece
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SHAKE,RBOXES
BUILDINGB()X IT
Firstproducedn tlrc 1790s, lnker toxes
were tnde rr grndunted izeso hold
houseltold oor/s;wherrurrpty, heycoti ldbe testedrrside rre rrotlrcr. he
ovsl boxes entoirt optr lar odcry, tu l
cortbe nnde easi ly.frottr orrtt t terciol
ki ts.Th e boxshowtrut r ight wos rrt tde
by craftsnratr ohrt \lilsortoJ'Chnrlotte,
Michigarr.He trdded .fewhmrn'iotrs
refulenrctttso tlrc utilitsrintt yet elegnttt
Slnker desigtt, rtch s usingltird's-eye
trrapleJbr hebox torrdsru ln wsltuft
burl verrcer.fbrlrc op.
1 Cuttinshe inserst -
I Tomake Shaker ox roma commerc ia lr t , r rst repare
th estock or he wo bands-one or he boxandone or he op.
Thebands re ypical lyesawnromhardwoodtock o a th ick-
neSSOf / ,0 inCh. FOf 95 { locr l tc rrcoctra ioht-orr inor l ,qg3;[g;52yy11
stock i r -dr iedo a moistureontent f 15 o 20 oercent . nce
the bands ave een ut o size, se heproper-sizedingerem-plateo outl inehe ingers n he boxband above),hen mark
t he ackho les i t hanawlanddr i l l hemwi tha X , , - i nchi t .
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SHAKERCLASSICS
r) Bevelinghe ingers
L Cla p the bandso a backup oard
andbevelhe ingers i tha ut i l i ty ni fe.
Holdinghekni fe i rmlywithboth ands,
cutat anangle f 10"aroundhe ingers
hbovd. Then aper he outsideac eof
theopposi tendof each andusing
beltsander, tartinghe aperabout Y,
inchesn rom heend . h isw i l lensure
a smooth ver laonduniformhickness
once he bands rebent.
QMarkinghe oint
r- , f Soak he boxand id bandsn boi l ing
water nt i l heyaresoft- typical ly bout
20 m inu tes . emovehe boxband om
the water ndwrap t aroundhe proper-
s ized oxcore o he beveledingersap
over he apered nd.Make reference
mark crossheedges f he bandwhere
the endsoverlap right).Keep he beveled
f ingers ressedrght ly gainsthecore o
preventhem romspl i t t rng.
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PEGBOARD
'A placefor everything nd every-thing n itsplace"werewords he
Shakersivedby,and manyhouse-hold temsn Shaker omes ung
from assignedegs.
-|a h. pegboards a fitting ymbol fI theShaker'spproacho bothdai-
ly ifeandcraftsmanship.swithotherShaker-madetems, he clean,un-adornedines fthepegboardeflecteditshumbleunctionatherhanany on-cernwith appearance.ut hesimpledesigneliedhepegboard'sersatility.
Theboards id not ustholdhats ndcoats. ining hewalls fShakeromes,theywere n ntegral artofhouseholdlife-convenient, rganized,nd idy,hangersor everythingrom book-shelves,ipeholders,nd owel acksocandleconces,hairs, lothes angers(aShakernvention),ndwallclocks(page18).
MAKINGPEGBOARD
1 Shapingheback oardI Cut heback oardo size rom%-inchthick tock; aketswidth %inch-esand ts engthependentn henumberof pegs ouwillmount. hapeheboardona routerable singwodifferent its.Start y oundingverhe ront ace fth eboard t heedges ndends page
120,Ihenswitcho a pi loted ead it .Alignhe ence ith hebit'spilot earingan dadjusthecutting eighto hebeads
willbeabout% nch rom heedgesf heboard. ohelp ou eedheworkpiece,clamp featherboardo he able, racedwitha supportoard. eedheback oardinto hebitonedge, eepinghe rontface ressedgainsthe ence. henurntheboard ver nd epeatheprocedureorout hebead n heoppositedgerighil.
For the modern woodworker,hepegboardslso evealhe Shaker evo-tion to craft.Thesimplemushroom-shaped egswereaccordedhe same
attention o detailas he finestcabi-net. For this reason erhaps,Shakerpegboards ere emarkably onsistentin design ndconstruction o matterwhen or where hey weremade.Thepegswere ypically ashionedrommapleor cherryandaveraged nchesin length.Theyweresecuredo 3-inch-wide back boards usually mount-
ed 6 feetabove he floor. Thespaof the pegs ariedaccordingoboard'suse. n New LebanonHancock, he pegsweresomet
threaded nd hen screwedntobackboard.Normally,howeverwereattachedwith a friction fidescribedn this section.
You canbuy pegs eady-maturn themon your athe. n eithercthe base f the pegswill need okerfed o accommodatehe wethat securehem n place.
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SHAKERCLASSICS
QTappingn hepegs
r- . f Tomake he pegs asiero instal l , sea sanding lock o
shape smal lbevel roundhe base f each ne.Then awa
ker f or a wedge crosshe base f thepeg; o avoid pl i t t ing
thewoodwith hewedge, ake hecut at a r ight ngleo thegra in.Once hepegs re eady, pread lue n hei rbases nd
tap he pegs nto he holes above).
r) Preparingheback oardor hepegs. a ^ ,Z- Star t ing ear needge f heback
board, ark hepegholes longhemid-d lp n f f hp qtnn l r (Thc nooa nn tho hnar rJ
show n t le f tw i l l be spaced i nchesapart . )nsta l l Y- inch rad-pointi t n
your r i l lpress ndat tach backup anel
to hemachineable o min imizeearout .
Se t heback oa r d n hepane l o he
f r s tm a r k sd i rec t l y nder he b i t and
c l am p boa r d sa gu i de ence o the
table lush gainstheworkpiece.hen,
but t ingheback oard gainsthe ence,
dr i l l h e holes /ef f ) .
Drivingn hewedgesForeachpeg, ut a Z, - inch- longedgeromscrapwood
Spread lue n the ker fs ndon hewedges,et he pegboard
facedown n a work ur face,hen ap he wedgesn wi tha
hammerabove) .vo id s ingoomuch orce;h ismay ause
a peg o spl i t . r im hewedgeslushwi th he back ace f the
board. astenhepegboardo thewal lbycounterbor ingcrew
holes nddr iv inghescrewsntowal ls tuds. oncealhe as-
tenerswith woodplugs page 34).
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GLOSSARY
A-B-CAuxiliaryfenceA woodenttachmentto a tool's rip fence hat serves sananchor or accessoriesnd prevents
accidental amageo themetal ence.
Blank A pieceof solid or glued-upwoodused o create furniturepart,suchasa turned eg.
Bridle oint A type of openmortise-and-tenonoint in which he tenon sas ong as he width of the mortisepiece nd he mortiseextends crossthe entirewidth of the board.
Candlesconce: candlestick older.
Chamfer:A bevelcut along he edgeof a workpiece.
Cheek The faceof the projectingtenon n amortise-and-tenonoint.
Clearance ole:A hole drilled in aworkpieceo accommodatehe shankof a screw.
Cleat:A strip of wood fastenedo onefurniturepart to supportanother, uch
asa shelfor a tabletop.
Cockbeading:Narrow projectingmolding surrounding he nsideedgeof thedoor opening f a cabinet.
Compound-angle ole: A hole drilledinto a workpiecewith the bit present-ed at angles ther han 90o elative othe faceand edgeofthe stock.
Corner strip: A notchedwood blockfastenedo the stileof a cabinetor the
rail of a table o hold up a shelfsup-port or drawer lide.
Counterbore:Drilling a hole hatper-mits the headof a screwor bolt to sitbelowa wood surface o hat t canbeconcealed y a woodplug.
Countersinlc Drilling a hole thatpermits heheadof a screw r boltto lie flush with or slightlybelow awood surface.
Cross-doweftAwooddowelor metalcylinder hreaded crossts axis oaccommodate screwor knockdownfastener; suallyused o provide ong-grain strengthwhen screwingntoendgrain.
Crownmolding: Decorative riminstalled round heperimeterof apieceof furniture ust below he op;alsoknownascornicemolding.
D-E-F-G-H-r-lDado:A rectangular hannel ut intoa workpiece.
Edgegluing: Bondingboards ogetheredge-to-edgeo form apanel.
Endgrain:The arrangement nd
directionof the wood fibers unningacrosshe heends fa board.
Fiberrush:A natural iber made romthe wisted eaves f cattails sed ofor seatingmaterial n chairs; morecommonlyusedalternativesmadefrom twistedkraft paper.
Finiah An ornament-usually turnedand carved-projecting rom theuppercorners f a furniturepiecesuchasa chair.
Glass-stopmolding: Decorative tripsof woodused o hold apaneof glassin a door frame.
Half-blind dovetail A dovetail oinin which he structureof the oint iconcealedy oneside; ommonlyused o join drawer ronts o the si
K-r-M-N-O-P-QKerf:A cut made n woodby thewiof a sawblade.
Kickback Thetendencyof awork-oiece o be thrown back n th edirectionof the operatorof a woodworking machine.
Kicker:A board astened crossdraweropeningandpositioned bothe drawer o keep t from tilting
downwhenopened.
Knockdown hardware: A fastenerthat allows he quick assembly ndisassemblyf apieceof furniture
LeafiA panel hat is extendedoincreasehe sizeof a tableandretractedwhen not in use: t canbe hingedor sliding.
kdger strip: A short,narrowpiecof wood used o support he top or
bottomofa cabinet.
Listing: Canvas r wovenwool clotapeused or weaving hair seats;known asShakerape.
Miter gaugeA device hat slides nslot on a sawor router able,providing support or the stockas t movpast he bladeor bi! canbe adjustto differentanglesor miter cuts.
Molding: Decorative tripsof woo
used o embellish pieceof furnitu
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ortise A hole cut into a pieceofto receive tenon.
oint: A joinery
n whichaprojecting enonut in oneboard its nto amatchingor mortise,n another.
slim verticalmemberf a frame;also
asamuntin.
A handplaneangledsoleused o bevel
f a panel n frame-and-construction.
drilled nto awork-o prevent plittingwhen ascrewusuallymadeslightlysmaller
the hreaded ection f thescrew.
bearing:A free-spinningmetalon apilotedrouterbit that fol-heedge f a workpiece r a tem-o guide hebit during a cut.
The square ection eft on afurniture eg;allows oom for
eeded o receiveails.
block or stick A device sed oa workpiecento a bladeor cutter
protect he operator'singers.
umber: Woodsawnsosurfacesntersecthegrowth
at angles etween 5oand 90o;known asvertical-grainedumber
o softwood.
oint:A methodof joining
the endor edge fits into a channel, rcut along he edgeor end ofworkpiece.
Rail In a table, he rails oin the egsandsupport he top; n achair,one offourboards hat rame heseat. lsothe horizontalmemberof a frame-
and-panel ssembly.ee tile.
Raised anel In frame-and-panelconstruction, cabinetor doorpanelwith a bevel ut around tsedges,decorative ffect hat
"raises"the cen-
ter andallows hepanel o fit into thegroove ut in the frame.
Rakeangle The angleat which achair egdeviatesrom theverticalwhen viewed rom the sideof thechair;see play ngle.
Rocker: he curved unnersof arockingchair oined o the chair egs.
RoughinggougeA turning tool usu-ally used o shape square lank ntoarylinder.
Rule oint A pivoting oint commonlyused n drop-leaf ables;eaturesmat-ing convexand concave rofilescutinto the edges f the able eafand op.
Shoulder:n a mortise-and-tenonjoint, hepartofthe tenon hat sper-pendicularo the cheek.
Sliding dovetail oint Similar to atongue-and-grooveoint, except heslide,shapedike the pin of a dovetailjoint, is held by a mating groove.
Splayangle: he angleat which achair leg deviates rom the verticalwhenviewed rom the front of thechair;see akeangle.
Stile:The verticalmemberof a frame-and-panel ssembly. ee ail.
Stoppeddado:A dado hat stops
beforecrossinghefull width orthickness f a workpiece.
Storypole:A shop-mademeasuringgauge sed o determinehe dimen-sions nd he ocation f the oints naproject,suchasa chair.
T-U.V-W-X-Y-ZTearoutThe endency f a bladeorcutter o tearwood ibers.
Template A patternused o guidea
tool n reproducingdentical opiesof apiece.
Tenon:A protrusion rom the end ofa workpiecehat fits nto a mortise.
Through dovetail oint A method ofjoiningwoodby means f interlockingpinsand ails,which pass ntirelythrough he matingpiece.
Tongue-and-grooveoint A joinerymethod eaturingaprotrusion rom
the edgeor end of oneboard hat fitsinto the grooveofanother.
Tiestle: n a trestle able,a board run-ning along he underside f the top towhich he egsareattached.
Wood button: A small,square-shapedblockwith a rabbetat oneend hat fitsinto a groove; sed o securehe opof apieceof furniture.
WoodmovementTheshrinkingor
swellingof wood n reaction o changesin relative umidity.
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INDEX
Page eferencesn italicsndicateanillustrationof subjectmatter.Pagereferencesn bold indicatea Build ItYourself roject.
A-BArchitecture,0,15, 7Band saws
IigScircle-cuttin jigs,79
Baskets,22Benches
Dining roombenches,8Meetinghouseenches, 9, 5,48
crest ails,54-55cutting list,49legs,52-54
seats,4& 0-52,54-55spindles, 0,54-55
Blanketchests, lBlind mortise-and-tenonoints,90,
91-92Boxes, -9,17 ,117,135- 37Build It Yourself
Band sawscircle-cuttin jigs,79
Piesafespanel-raisingigs for the
tablesaw,96Butterflyhinges
Making butterfly hinges(ShopTip), 1lj
C-DCabinets,20Candlesconces,3Candle tands,& 78
Columns, 8,81,84-85Legs,78,82-84,85Rails,Z& 80,84,85Slidingdovetailoints, 57, 78,
81-83Tops,79,80
Canterburycommunity,10Chairs.25
Dining room benches,8
Enfieldsidechairs, 2, 19,25,26-27backslats,0-i1, 32,33cutting ist,27
joinery,26,28,31-i2, 33legs,27, 8-29, 1-33railsand stretchers, 0,32-33rushseats, 4-37
Listing, 4,44-47Revolving hairs,19Rocking hairs,19, 4,25,38-39
arms,41, 2-43assembly,42backs,24cutting ist, 39legs,40,43rockers,4l,43
tape seats,44-47Rushseats, 4-32Splint-seat iningchairs, 9See lsoBenches
Circular cutsCircle-cuttin jigs,79
Clocks, 7,23, 116, 17,118Assembly,26-128Cases,119-122Dial and clockmechanisms,
126-127Doors, 23-125Pendulums, 28
Clotheshangerc,23Cockbeading,00- 01Crownmolding,102-103Cupboards
Cabinets,20Sill cupboards,2lSee lsoPie safes
Cutting istsEnfieldsidechairs,27Meetinghouseenches,9Piesafes, 9Rockingchairs,39
Dining room benches,8
Dovetail ointsSlidingdovetails, 7,78,81-83Throughdovetails,29,130-133
DrawersDrop-leaf ables,69, 74-76
Drop-leaf ables,& 56,57,68Drawers, 9,74-76
Legs,69,72-73Ptails,69,70-73Tops,76-77
Drying racks,22
E-F.GEnfieldsidechairs, 2, 19,25,26-
Back lats,30-31, 2,33Cutting ist,27
foinery, 6,28,31-32, 3Legs,27, 8-29, 1-33Railsand stretchers,0,32-33Rush eats, 4-37
Finishes,ron endp perFootstools,22Greaves, harles,6
H-r-l-KHinges
Makingbutterflyhinges(Shop ip), 113
IigSBandsaws
circle-cutting igs,79Pipesteamers, ackendpaper, 0Rockingchairlegs,40
Routersdovetail igs,1j2slidingdovetails, Z 8l
Thblesawspanel-raisingigs or the able
saw,96
foineryBlind mortise-and-tenonoints
90,91-92Enfield ide hairs, 6,28,31-
32,33Mortise-and-tenonoints,106-
1 0 7 , 1 1 0
Slidingdovetailoints, 57, 78,81-83
Throughdovetail oints,129,130- 33
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David,6-70,14
Rocking chair seats, 4-47enches, 9, 5,48Crest ails,54-55
taperingcrest ailson aplaner(Shop ip),55
Cutting ists,49Legs,52-54Seats,4& 0-52,54-55Spindles, 0,54-55
paint,/ront endpaperoints,106- 07,
1 1 0baskets,22
boxes, -9, 17,117,135-137front endpaper
Glass,124-125Raised,94-95
panel-raisingigs for the tablesaw 96
Tin,87,110-112ee iesafes
3, l7, 138-39
front endpaperesafes, 0, 86-87,88-89Assembly,7-103
Blindmortise-and-tenonoints,90,91-92Cockbeading, 00- 01Crown molding,102-103Cutting ists,89Doors,89,106
frames,106-110installation, 13-114makingbutterfly hinges Shop
Tip) ,113mortise-and-tenonoints,106-
107, 10pul ls, l15
ti n panels,7, 110-112Floatingpanels,93, 7panel-raisingigs for the table
saw96raisingpanels,94-95
Frame tiles.90-91
Rails,92-93Shelving, 04-105
Pipesteamers,0,back ndpaperPlaners
Thpering rest ailson aplaner(ShopTip),ssPulls,front endpaper
R.SRaised anels, 4-95,96Revolving hairs,19Rocking hairs,19, 4,25,38-39
Arms,41, 2-43Assembly,42Backs
listing,24Cutting ist, 39
Legs,40,4jRockers, I, 43Tapeseats,44-47
Routers, 4IigS
dovetailjigs,32sliding dovetails, 7, 8I
Raisingpanels,94Rushseats, 4-37Sewing esks,20Shaker oxes.See oxesShaker ulture, 0, 13-17Shaker tyle,6,16-17
See lsoArchitectureShop ips,55 ,113Sill cupboards,2lSlidingdovetailoints, 57
Candle tands, 7,78, 81-83Spinningwheels, 3Splint-seat ining chairs, 9Sprigg,une,10-llStep tools, 2, I7, 129
Gluingup,133-134Throughdovetailoints, 129,
130-133Stools
Footstools,22Step tools,22gluing up,133-134throughdovetailoints, 729,
130- 33Storypoles, 8
T-U-V-W-X-Y-ZThbles. 7
DropJeaftables, & 56,57 68drawers, 9,74-76
legs,69,72-73rails,69,70-73tops,76-77
Trestleables,18,57, 8feet,61,64,66legs,62-63, 5,66rails,63,66,67tops,58, 9-60,64,67
See lsoCandlestandsTablesaws, 6
Raisingpanels,95panel-raisingigs or the able
saw 96
Tapeseats,44-47Throughdovetailoints, I29, 1 0- 133Tin panels,7, 110-112Tin punches,llTools,16
Bandsawscircle-cutting igs,79
Pipesteamers, ackendpaper,0
Planers, 5Routers
dovetail igs,132slidingdovetailsigs,57,81
Storypoles, 8
Table aws, 6,95,96Tin punches, 11Trestleables,18, 7 58
Feet,61,64,66Legs,62-63, 65, 66Rar7s,63,6,67Tops,58, 9-60,64,67
Yarnish,front endp perWashstands,2lWells, reegift, 6Wilson, ohn,8-9,135Workbenches,2lWorkstands,20
Yarnreels,22Youngs,saacNewton,16,118
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Theeditorswish o thank he ollowing
SHAKERDESIGNfamesArchambeault, exington,KY; Elizabeth itzsimmons, ancockShaker illage,Pittsfield,MA;
PaulRocheleau, ichmond,MA; JuneSprigg,Pittsfield,MA
CHAIRSAdjustableClampCo., Chicago,L; AmericanTool Cos.,Lincoln, NE; Black& Decker/EluPowerTools,Towson,MD; ConnecticutCane& ReedCo.,Manchester,CT; Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-
Cable,Guelph,Ont.;Mike Dunbar,Portsmouth, H; General oolsManufacturing o., nc.,New York, NY; HancockShakerVillage,Pittsfield,MA; Hitachi PowerToolsU.S.A.Ltd., Norcross,GA;
Ian Ingersoll,West Cornwall,CT; Jean-Pierre asse,Montreal,Que.;RyobiAmericaCorp.,Anderson,SC;SandvikSaws ndToolsCo.,Scranton,PA;Stanley ools,Division of the StanleyWorks,New Britain, CT
TABLESAdjustableClamp Co.,Chicago, L; Black& Decker/EluPowerTools,Towson,MD;
Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,Ont.; GreatNeck SawMfrs. Inc.(BuckBros.Division), Millbury, MA; LesRealisations oeven-Morcel,Montreal,Que.;
RyobiAmericaCorp.,Anderson,SC;SandvikSaws nd Tools Co., Scranton,PA; StanleyTools,'Division of fhe StanleyWorks, New Britain, CT; Tool Trend Ltd., Concord,Ont.
PIE SAFEAdjustableClamp Co., Chicago,L; AmericanTool Cos.,Lincoln,NE; RobertBourdeau, aval,Que.;
Country Accents,Montouriville, PA; Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,-Ont.;GreatNeckSawMfrs. nc. (BuckBros.Division),Millbury, MA; Jean-Pierre asse,Montreal,Que.;
Stanley ools,Division of the StanleyWorks,New Britain, CT; Tool Trend Ltd., Concord,Ont.;Wainbee td.,PointeClaire,Que./DE-STA-CO,roy,MI
SHAKERCLASSICSAdjustableClamp Co.,Chicago, L; Atelier d'EbdnisterieR6jeanGuerin Enr., St-Rdmi,Que.;
Delta nternationalMachinery/Porter-Cable, uelph,Ont.;GreatNeck SawMfrs. Inc. (BuckBros.Division), Millbury, MA; The Home Shop,Charlotte,MI; David Keller,Petaluma,CA; Murray Clock
Craft, Willowdale,Ont.; Sears, oebuck nd Co., Chicago,L; Tool TrendLtd.,Concord,Ont.
The ollowingpersons lsoassistedn thepreparation fthis book:Lorraine Dor6, Solange aberge,Genevidve onette,Tim Reiman,
David Simon.DianaVon Kolken
PICTURECREDITS
Cover RobertChartier6' 7 SteveLewis
8,9 Ed Homonylo10, l Steve ewis
12James rchambeault13 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage14,15James rchambeaultboth)
16 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage17 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage rop)
17James rchambeault boxom)19 PaulRocheleau hotography
20,23,39,4 CourtesyHancockShakerVillage
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ASHOP-MADEIPE TEAMER
Usehe igshown elowo steam hairparts,uch sslats r ea regs. he co-nomicalnd urableood teamerl lus-
trated anbe ashionedron 2-by-4sand - inch-d iameterBS ioe nd t -
t ings. he eviceeaturesupportacksinsidehepipe nda removableap t
each nd oreasy ccess.he teamsourcesa water an onnectedo hesteamerya ength fplastic ose;hewatern hecan s heated ya propane-
f i red ooker.This etup houldnly eused utdoors,)he team ourcehouldhave removable,crew-typeap .
Tobui ld hesteamer,tartwitha
lengthfSchedule0ABS ipeongerthan hepiece fwood ouwish o bend.Cut t in half ndbore seriesfholes
throughoth ieceso accommodate-inch inc-coatedachineolts nd utsasshown.heseolts i l l uooortood
insidehe teamernd reventt romlyingncondensedater.The inc oat-ingwil lpreventheboltsrom tainingthewood.) r i l lheholes elowhe en-terline f hepipeo provideoomor hewood.nstal lhebolts, sing oth teel
WORKSHOPUIDE
and ubberwashersn boths ides o
make n a i r t i gh t ea l .N ow luebo th
halves f hepipe o an ABST-connector.Dr i l l %- inch ra in o le t oneend o
re lease o is ture ndprevent xcess
pressure.he n luea connectorip e ut
f rom1%- inch BSpipe o thespout f
theT connector . ext , u t a length f
plast ic osehatwrl lconnecthesteamer
to thewater an; he itt ings equiredor
th ewater anendareshown bove.(The i t t ingsor hesteamer ndof the
hose re dent ica l ,xcepthatanABS
endcap s used nstead f thewater an
T connector
cap.)Make urehe tt ingsre irt ight.Lastly,ui ld 2-by-4 ameo support
thesteamer.ai l smal l upportlockatone nd o hesteameri l l est nasl igh tnc l inendwater i l l un ut fthedrain ole.
Touse hesteamer,arefullyonnectth egas ookeroa propaneank. ill hewater an, ea lt igh t ly ,nd e t t onthecooker. ecurehe emovablendcaps n hesteamer,ight hecooker,
and et he teameru i ld osteam.(Caution:onot et hesteamerrsteamsource ecomeressurized.)
Kemovable
end cap
9chedule
8C AES.ptpe
F.anctabie
and ca,t:)
1TEAM ?OURCEF|TT\NG DETA|L)Machine nul,( i na i , . l e a f e a m
water can)
Tlasttc hose
to gteamer
Kubber aeket.
Fropane-fired
4ae cooker
ConnecLor
PiPE
2 x 4 frame
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