The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software:

8/20/2019 The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software:

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CHAPTER 1:

Computer Systems

The Architecture of Computer Hardware

and Systems Software:An Information Technology Approach

3rd Edition, Irv Englander

ohn !iley and Sons "##3

!ilson !ong, $entley College

%inda Senne, $entley College


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Chapter 1 ComputerSystems

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Typical Computer Ad

Is the computer fast enough to run necessary programs?

Is the computer cost-effectie?

!i"" it #e o#so"ete in $ months?


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!hy Study Computer

Architecture& &ser &n'erstan' system capa#i"ities an' "imitations

(a)e informe' 'ecisions

Improe communications *ith information techno"ogy

professiona"s

Systems Ana"yst Con'uct sureys+ 'etermine feasi#i"ity an' 'efine an'

'ocument user re,uirements

Specify computer systems to meet app"ication re,uirements

Programmer Create efficient app"ication soft*are for specific processing

nee's


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!hy Study Computer

Architecture& System A'ministrator . (anager Insta""+ configure+ maintain+ an' upgra'e computer

systems

(a/imi0e system aai"a#i"ity

ptimi0e system performance

Ensure system security

!e# esigner ptimi0e customer accessi#i"ity to !e# serices

System a'ministration of !e# serers

Se"ect appropriate 'ata formats

esign efficient !e# pages


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Input'(rocess')utput *odel +I()

4 Input: )ey#oar'+ mouse+ scanner+ punch car's

4 Processing: CP& e/ecutes the computer program4 utput: monitor+ printer+ fa/ machine

4 Storage: har' 'rie+ optica" me'ia+ 'is)ettes+ magnetic tape


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Architecture Components

Hardware Processes 'ata #y e/ecuting instructions

Proi'es input an' output

Software Instructions e/ecute' #y the system

ata 5un'amenta" representation of facts an'

o#serations

Communications Sharing 'ata an' processing among 'ifferent

systems


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Hardware Component

Input.utput 'eices

Storage eices

CP&

ALU: arithmetic/logic unit

CU: control unit

Interface unit

Memory Short-term storage for CP& ca"cu"ations


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Typical (ersonal Computer

System


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C(-: Central (rocessing -nit

A9&: arithmetic."ogic unit Performs arithmetic an' oo"ean "ogica"

ca"cu"ations

C&: contro" unit Contro"s processing of instructions

Contro"s moement of 'ata *ithin the CP&

Interface unit

(oes instructions an' 'ata #et*een the CP&an' other har'*are components

Bus: #un'"e of *ires that carry signa"s an' po*er#et*een 'ifferent components


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*emory

A"so )no*n as primary storage+ *or)ing

storage+ an' AM !random access memory"

Consists of #its+ each of *hich ho"' a a"ue of

either ; or 1 Ho"'s #oth instructions an' 'ata of a

computer program


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Software Component

App"ications

#perating System API: app"ication program

interface

5i"e management

I.

erne" (emory management

Resource sche'u"ing Program communication

Security

@et*or) (o'u"e


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Communications Component

Har'*are

Communication channels Physica" connections #et*een computer systems

E/amp"es: *ire ca#"e+ phone "ines+ fi#er optic ca#"e+

infrare' "ight+ ra'io *aes

Interface har'*are Han'"es communication #et*een the computer an' the

communication channe"

Modem or networ$ interface card !%IC"

Soft*are

@et*or) protoco"s: HTTP+ TCP.IP+ ATAPI


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Computer Systems

A"" computer systems+ no matter ho* comp"e/+

consists of the fo""o*ing:

At "east one CP&

(emory to ho"' programs an' 'ata I. 'eices

9ong-term storage


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(rotocols

Common groun' ru"es ofcommunication #et*een computers+ I.'eices+ an' many soft*are programs

E/amp"es HTTP: #et*een !e# serers an' !e#

#ro*sers

TCP.IP: #et*een computers on the Internetan' "oca" area net*or)s

ATAPI: #et*een a CP& an' C-R(s


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Standards

Create' to ensure uniersa" compati#i"ity of

'ata formats an' protoco"s

(ay #e create' #y committee or may #ecome

a 'e facto stan'ar' through popu"ar use E/amp"es:

Computer "anguages: aa+ SB9+ C+ aaScript

isp"ay stan'ar's: Postscript+ (PE-2+ PE+ I5

Character set stan'ar's: ASCII+ &nico'e+ ECIC Di'eo stan'ar's: DA+ A+ R


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Early History

1$2: "aise Pasca" inents a ca"cu"ating

machine

17;1: oseph (arie ac,uar' inents a "oom

that uses punch car's 17;;Fs:

Char"es a##age attempts to #ui"' an ana"ytica"

engine


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*odern Computer .evelopment

18%6: (ar) I is #ui"t


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Early Computers

a##ageFs Ana"ytica" Engine E@IAC


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Te/t0oo1 )verview

!e# site: http:..***G*i"eyGcom.co""ege.eng"an'er

Part 1 Computer system oerie*

Part 2 @um#er systems an' 'ata formats

Part % Computer architecture an' har'*are operation

Part Soft*are operating systems+ app"ications+ 'ee"opment

enironments

Part 3


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Copyright "##3 ohn !iley 2 Sons

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Documents

The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software: