The Arab-Israeli Conflict

A Big Problem In The Middle East

1077-997 BCJewish Control of Holy Land

• Kingdoms of ___• Jews lived in an ___– The state is referred

to as the ___• ___and the holiest

city in Judaism

37 BCRoman Control of Holy Land

Kingdoms of ___Jews lived in a state

___In 134 AD, Jews were

kicked out of the Holy LandMany ended up in ___

634Byzantine Control of Holy Land

Mohammed, the greatest prophet of Islam, ___

Jerusalem becomes the ___

638Arab Control of Holy Land

• ___, under the banner of Islam, take control of the Holy Land as well as the Middle East and North Africa

• Many Arabs in the Holy Land ___

1100Muslim and Crusader Control of Holy Land

Without an independent state of their own, ___ continue to live in the Holy Land

Jews under the rule of either the ___

1500Ottoman Control of Holy Land

By the 1500s the Islamic Ottoman Empire controlled the Holy Land

Although Jews paid special taxes, they continued ___by the Ottoman government

1897Weak Ottoman Control of Holy Land

In response to the anti-Semitic attitudes of Europe, ___– Its goal was to create a ___

After his death, Herzl’s predecessor, Chaim Weizmann befriended the British statesman ___

1897Weak Ottoman Control of Holy Land

Balfour came to support the Zionist movement and in 1917 ___

It stated that the English government would ___ in the Holy Land, now called Palestine

Also stated that the ___in Palestine must be upheld

1920British Control of Holy Land• After WWI, the victorious Allies

dismantled and ___– Great Britain took the ___

• Great Britain tried to please both sides in Palestine– They had a natural tendency to support

the Zionists as they ___– The British did try to control the ___to

Palestine– This was impossible ___

1920British Control of Holy Land

As the population of Jews surpassed the population of Arabs, Jews saw the control of Palestine ___

The influx of Jews to the Arab Palestinians was seen as ___

1947United Nations Control of Holy Land

• ___into a Jewish settlement zone and an Arab- only zone did not work– ___between Arabs and Jews

in Palestine• Unable to find a solution,

Britain ___

The UN’s 1947 Partition Plan

The UN decided to divide the territory into the Arab country of ___

Although passed by the UN, ___Palestinians and the Arab nations of the Middle East

Supported by the United States and Europe, ___

Arab States AttackUpset at what was seen as a

foreign power in the holy land, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria ___

Israel, supported by the US, ___– Israel took ___– The Gaza strip went ___– The West Bank went ___

The 1956 Suez CrisisIn 1956 Egypt’s leader Nasser ___Outraged, the British and French

made a deal with Israel to ___Pressure from the US and USSR

forced Israel, France, and Britain ___

The 1967 Six Day WarNasser closed off Israel’s outlet to the

Red Sea and convinced other Arab states to ___

Fearing attack, Israel struck airfields in ___

Within 6 days Israel won taking the ___

The Palestinian Liberation Organization

• Palestinians disillusioned with the Arab States’ ___formed the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) led by ___– Rejected the idea of an

___– Continued to fight the

Israelis

The 1973 Yom Kippur War

• Nasser’s successor Anwar Sadat launched a surprise attack against Israel on their ___

• For a couple of days the Egyptians and Syrians had the advantage ___

Peace Between Israel and Egypt in 1978

Sadat knowing that he could not defeat the US-supported Israel ___– Even flew to Jerusalem to ___

In 1978 President Carter met with Israeli Prime minister ___– The US promised billions of aid to both

countries ___

Peace Between Israel and Egypt in 1978

In 1979 Begin and Sadat ___– Israel returned the ___– Egypt recognized ___

Egypt was considered an ___

Sadat was ___

An Attempt at Peace

• ___erupts in 1987• Sick of the fighting on

both sides Arafat and Israeli Prime minister Yitzhak Rabin ___

The Oslo Peace Accords

• Palestinians would ___• Israel would stop building

settlements in the West Bank and ___– Peace process hindered

when Rabin was ___

The Peace Attempt FailsAfter the assassination of Rabin the ___In 2000 Palestinians rejected the final Israeli

offer and ___Arafat called for ___The Israeli people responded by ___

– In June 2003 Bush meets with Arab leaders to discuss ___Calls for ___

The Peace Attempt Fails• After numerous suicide bombings Israel began

constructing ___– Palestinians suffer because it separates them from

some of their farmland• In 2004 ___– Mahmoud Abbas takes over as ___

• In 2005 Israel ___– ___ and is replaced by Ehud Olmert

• ___takes control of Gaza in 2006