Upload
kaliyah-coltman
View
231
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Aquatic The Aquatic EnvironmentEnvironment
EstuariesEstuaries
• A coastal body of A coastal body of water surrounded water surrounded by land with by land with access to the access to the open ocean.open ocean.• Salt water marshSalt water marsh
EstuariesEstuaries• Fed by fresh water rivers Fed by fresh water rivers and streams.and streams.
• Salinity changes based on Salinity changes based on precipitation and tides. precipitation and tides.
•Brackish water
EstuariesEstuarieso Among the most fertile in the Among the most fertile in the
world!world!o Tidal action keeps nutrients mixed and
removes wasteo Wash of nutrients from land empty hereo Shallow water allows for abundance of
light to the bottomo Roots of plants trap detritus matter
EstuariesEstuarieso Nursery for Oceanic food web
o Presence of many plantso Many fin fishes, shell fish and
crustacean spend their larval stages here
o Ecologically sensitive!Ecologically sensitive!
EstuariesEstuarieso MangroveMangrove
o (tropical equivalent to (tropical equivalent to estuaries)estuaries)
o 70% of coast line70% of coast lineo Root systems assist inRoot systems assist in
o Preventing erosionPreventing erosiono Provide a barrier Provide a barrier
against stormsagainst storms
The Open OceanThe Open Ocean
HydrosphereHydrosphere Divided intoDivided into
Intertidal Intertidal BenthicBenthicPelagic:Pelagic:
Neritic Neritic ProvinceProvince
Oceanic Oceanic ProvinceProvince
Benthic EnvironmentBenthic Environment
• Consists of sand and mudConsists of sand and mud• Shallow waters consist of:Shallow waters consist of:
• Kelp forestKelp forest• Seaweed bedsSeaweed beds• Coral reefsCoral reefs
Coral reefs are often Coral reefs are often nutrient poor!nutrient poor!
Coral ReefsCoral Reefs
• Considered to Considered to be the most be the most diverse of all diverse of all marine marine environmentsenvironments• Fish and Fish and
invertebratesinvertebrates
Neritic ProvinceNeritic Province
Neritic ProvinceNeritic Province
• Open oceanOpen ocean• Overlies the Overlies the
• Continental shelfContinental shelf• Shore line to 200m (650 ft.) deepShore line to 200m (650 ft.) deep
• Organisms are floaters and Organisms are floaters and swimmersswimmers
• The Photic zoneThe Photic zone
Oceanic ProvinceOceanic Province
• Part of the ocean Part of the ocean that covers the that covers the deep ocean basindeep ocean basin
• Largest marine Largest marine environment (75% environment (75% of Earth’s water is of Earth’s water is in this zone)in this zone)
Oceanic ProvinceOceanic Province
• Characterized byCharacterized by• Cold tempsCold temps• High hydrostatic High hydrostatic
pressurepressure• AphoticAphotic• All of these All of these
conditions are conditions are constant throughout constant throughout the yearthe year
Oceanic ProvinceOceanic Province
• Occupied by filter feeders, Occupied by filter feeders, scavengers and predatorsscavengers and predators
Oceanic ProvinceOceanic Province
• Some invertabrates reach great Some invertabrates reach great size:size:• Giant squid reaches up to 18m (59 ft)Giant squid reaches up to 18m (59 ft)
• Location of thermal vents and Location of thermal vents and ecosystems supported by high ecosystems supported by high pressure, high temps, and acidic pressure, high temps, and acidic waterwater
The Abyssal The Abyssal
Area of the Area of the ocean where ocean where the temp is the temp is coldcold And the And the
pressure is pressure is extremeextreme
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Characterized by three Characterized by three ZonesZonesLittoralLittoralLimneticLimneticProfundalProfundal
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Littoral zone: Littoral zone: Shallow water areas along Shallow water areas along shore line this is the most shore line this is the most productive zone of the lakeproductive zone of the lake
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Limnetic zone:Limnetic zone:Open water away from the Open water away from the littoral zone.littoral zone.
Depth is as far as the light Depth is as far as the light will penetratewill penetrate
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Profundal zone:Profundal zone:Non photo layerNon photo layer
No algae or other plantsNo algae or other plantsDecomposition areaDecomposition area
Mineral rich and oxygen Mineral rich and oxygen deficientdeficient
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Thermal StratificationThermal StratificationMarked layering of Marked layering of temperatures at different temperatures at different depthsdepths
Fresh Water Fresh Water EcosystemsEcosystems
Thermal Stratification:Thermal Stratification:In summer cool water stays at In summer cool water stays at bottom.bottom.
In fall – as temps cool mixing In fall – as temps cool mixing occurs, causing the water at occurs, causing the water at the bottom to rise in the the bottom to rise in the water column bringing the water column bringing the nutrients with it.nutrients with it.
Thermal Thermal StratificationStratification
In Spring:In Spring:
as ice melts the water as ice melts the water reaches 4reaches 400C.C.
Surface water sinks to the Surface water sinks to the bottom and bottom water bottom and bottom water rises to the surface again.rises to the surface again.
Thermal Thermal StratificationStratification
This will This will cause the cause the water to water to have a have a “smell” and “smell” and a different a different “taste” to it.“taste” to it.