The A.P.R.O. Bulletin Jan-Feb 1972

7/28/2019 The A.P.R.O. Bulletin Jan-Feb 1972

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THE A. P. R. O. BULLET I Nlne A.P.II .C. Bulletin i, The officitl copyrighted public., io n of Ihe Aerial Phonomen. Rnearch QrOln iulion Inc. (A.P.R.C.), 3910 E. Kleindale Rd .. Tuoon, Ar ilon.85712, and i, iHued ellery olne, monTh 10 members and )ubscribe , s. lhe At".1 Pher'lomana Ruearch Organization Inc ., " non-profit corpor,lion esTabll,hed underthe l ,wI of The Slale 0 1 ArizoM In d , feder"lIy recognized scie-n tific an d educaT io n. 1 lu e xempT organization, is dediceled 10 The everl1ual lolulion of The phenomenonof unid"'lIified nying objet .. Inquirit1. pertaining 10 membership "n d subscript io n may be m.de 10 Ihe abov ' addreu.

TUCSON, ARIZONA-JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1972

CLOSE-UP SIGHTING IN NEW JERSEYScandinavian Reports

Although there were man y reports ofUFOs over Sca ndinavia on New YearsDay, 1972 we have selected ju st a fewrepresentative sightings which co ntain th emost detail and were well-witnessed.The fjrst sigh ting of the day was reported by Gottfred Tand e Pe tersen, atechnician at NTH, Norway's largest technical schoo l. Petersen was at home at4: 30 a.m. waiting for his son when he sawso mething moving toward Leirfossen,th rou gh a window. He arose, went to th ewindow and observed a cigar-shaped o b-ject as it came to a stop and hovered. Alarge number of rectangular ports orwindows loca ted above the object's midline ran from the leading edge to the trailing edge and were brightly lit. He thenwent outsid e to get a better look .Petersen had watched th e objec t forthree minutes before going ou tside andwatched it for another two minutes afterwhk h blue flames issued from holes onthe underside , a " low soun d" was hea rdand the objec t began to move, th e speedincreasingly eno rmously and it disappeared from sight.Petersen estimated th e object to be25 -30 meters in length and 4 meters high.Wh en it hovered it appeared to be about2,000 meters above the power station atNedre Lerfoss .

One half hour before Petersen 's sighting, Gunnar Foss was driving betweenHovin and Storen when he spotted twoobjects. He stopped his car and go t out tobetter observe them, thinking he waswatching a jet . They approached him athigh speed , he said , and passed rightabove him and low over a hilltop. As theypassed, he saw the shining trail they leftand realized that there were several objects rather than just two.At 4: 15 that afternoon the personnelat the Bergen airport observed a formation of objects at 2,000 meters altitude.No other details were published.

On that same afternoon and also at4: 15 p.m. , do zens of eye-witnesses inNorway and Sweden reported to authorities the observation of a form ation ofUFOs, the details of which were widelyprinted by th e press.

(See Scandinavian-Page Three)

"Enquirer" Offers$50,000 Reward

Th e March 12 issue of the weeklynewspape r The Na tional Enquirer announced th eir spon so rship of a $5 0,000rewa rd to be paid to that individual whofurnishes proof of the existence of UFOsbefore the 1st of January, 1973 _ Theoffe r, detailed on Page 30 by WilliamDi ck , reads: "A reward of $5 0,000 willbe paid by Th e Enqu.irer to th e firstperso n who ca n prove that an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) came fromouter space an d is not a natural phenomenon. "Mr. Di ck visit ed Tucson in Novemberwhen he a tt ended the APRO UFOSymposium at the Univeristy of Arizonaan d talked extensively with Mr. Lorenzenand the Consultants who participated inth e Symposium .

The Board who will do final judging ofreports rece ived by the Enquirer are Dr.Robert Creegan, APRO Consultant inPhilosophy ; Dr. James A. Harder, APROConsuitan t in Civil Engineering; Dr.Frank B. Salisbury, APRO Consultan t inExobiology, DL R_ Leo Sprinkle, APROCo nsultant in Psyc hology; as well as Dr.J. Allen Hyn ek, Head of the Depa rtm entof Astronomy at Northwestern Universityand former scientific consultant to theAir Force's Project Blue Book. Thesemen, who have been deep ly involved inUFO investigation for many years, arewell qualified to perform th e task.

APRO is acting as consultant on thisproject, and our Field Investigators maybe ca lled upon to investigat e those reports which are deemed worthy of pro tracted st udy.To this end , we urge all members andsub scribers to th e Bulletin to forward anynews leads pertaining to possible goo devidence repor ts to APRO Headquarters.We will be particularly interested in casessup po rted by photography, physica l residue , gro und mark ings and multiple witness reports of objects presentin g structural details.Keep in mind , how ever, that to qualifyfor th e award you mu s.t mak e claim inwriting directly to Th e National Enquirer,600 Sou th East Coast Ave., Lantana,Florida, 33460.

The following case was investigated byMr. Hal Redn er, one of APRO's NewJe rsey Field Investigators.Robert Aguilar, 32, was o n guard dutyat the Penn Central ya rds in Wee hauken,New Jersey on the evening of August23 rd , occupying a small 5xS foot guardhouse that has large windows from waistlevel to ceiling and corner to corner. Thispost halts trucks en tering an d leaving th eyard s, and truckers presen t their papersto the guard o n duty .

At 9: 10 p.m. that evening, whilewatching a sma ll ~ e l e v i s i o n set ,with truck driver Douglas Harrell parkedat the shack about 5 feet from Aguilar(waiting for special papers caused Harrellto be parked there for several minutesprior to the sighting) Aguilar's attentionwas diverted from the TV to a brigh tseries of ligh ts sta tionary abou t twen tyfeet away and about J 5 fee t of f theground, almost directly in line with hisvi ewing of th e TV. He said he was"stunned" at the sight and for a fewseconds he just stared at the lights, thenpounded on the glass window and shouted to Harre ll to look at the lights.Harrell looked from the cab of histruck, saw enough to make him get ou t ofthe cab and step to th e south side of thesha ck . Meantime, Aguilar stepped ou t ofth e shack to get a better look and wasnow able to see the "whole thing".Aguilar's desc riptio n of th e object :"big- about sixty feet acro ss- i t hungmo tionless- absolu tely motionless-abou tfiftee n fee t up - it ha s a red light on top -the rest didn't seem to have any colorwith a name, just white- the blocks oflight were brighter than the rest ot it - theblocks or windows or po rtholes or whatever they were, were sta tionary, they didno t revolve-they were all the same co lor.j tried to see into the windows but theywere too bright-I co uldn't see the bottom , i t was tilted- I mu st have watched itfo r a minute , then I th ought of the Supervisor s in the other office ." (A trailer withtwo white co llar ty pe men who arelocked inside the trailer to prevent anyhijackers from walking in.)As Aguilar ran to the trailer, loo kingback over his shoulder, he saw "theportholes begin to rotate, like a bicyclechain, going around th e middle of the

(See Close-up-Page Three)


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Page 2THE A .P.R.O. BULLETIN

Pub lish ed by t heAERIAL PHE NO MENA

RESEA RCH O RGA NI ZA TION , INC .39 10 E. Kl eindale RoadT ucson , A r izo na 85712

Phone: 602-79 31825 and 602-326-0059Co p y rig h t 1 9 7 2

Co ra l E. Lorenzen. Ed itorNorman Du ke, Ri chard Beal , A rt is t sA.P.R,D. STAFFInternational Direc t o r .... . .. . . L.J. L orenzenAss i st,lnt Direc t or . . . . . .. . Richard G ree n wellSecretary-Treasu re r ....... Coral E. c n ~ c nMemb ership Sec ret a r y .. . M ade l eine H. CooperA d m in ist rat i ve Ass i st an t Ro bert D . P icco laCO NSULTANTSAe r o n.lut lCs ... Rayford R. Sande r s, M.S.M.E.Anatomy. . Kenn eth V. Anderson , Ph.D.Astronomy . .. Le o V. Standcfo rd, Ph.O.ASlfopllysics . . . . . R ictl.lrd C. H en ry , Ptl.D.B io c tl emis t r y ..... V ladimir Stefanovich , Ph .D .Bi o logy . . . Robert S. Mel lo r, PI1.D .Bi o ph Ysics. . . . . . . .. Jotln C. Munday, Ph .D .Civi! Engineeflng . . . James A. Harder , Ph.D .Compute r Technology . Vlast imi l Vysin, Ph.D.Electrtcal Engineering .. K enneth He sse l, Ph.D .Electrica l En g ineering . Brlan W , J o hnson, Ph . D ,Electt lcal En g inee r i ng .. L o nn P. McRae , Ph.D .Exobrology . .. F rank B. SalIsbury , Ph .D .Geochemistry . . ....Ha r o ld H. Wi l l iams, Ph.D.GeO l ogy . . . . ..... . . . . . . . Ph i l ip C;e ff . Ph.D.H i st or y . , , , . Dav id M . J acobs, M .S.Lrngulq,c5 . ....... .. . P.M.H. Edwards, Ph .D .Matl lematr cs .. . . .. .. G .K. Ginnrng5, Ed.D.Medi crne .... Benjamin Sawy er , M.D.Metal lurgy. Robert w. Jo hn so n , Ph.D.Metal lurgy. . . . ... Wa lt er W. Wa l ker, Ph.D .Oc ean ogra ph y .... Dale E. Brandon, Ph.D.OP t ICS . . . . . . B. Roy Frieden , Ph .D .Pll l losoPhy .. . Robert F. Creegan, Ph.D.Philosophy . Emerson W. Shidele r . Ph.D.Physics .. , . , ' Michae l J . D u ggin , Ph.D .

Pil ysics .... .. Rene J. Hardy, Ph . D .Physiology . ... . Ha rol d A. Cahn, Ph .D .Psyctuatry ... L . Ge ra ld La u fe r M. O .Psychiatry .. . . .Berth o ld E. Sc hwarz M.D .Psychology . . . . .... R. Le o Sp r ink l e , Ph.D .Rad ' al l o n P I , y ... Hora ce C. Oudley, Ph.D.Rell910n . . ... . Ro bert S. E l lwood , Ph .D .S':lence Ed u C,"l \l o n . . . . A. He n r y Sw an n, Ed . D.Seisnlolo'1Y ............ Joh n S. De rr , Pll .D .Zoo l o gy RIchard Ethe ri dg e , Ph .D .RE P RESE N TAT I VE SArgen t ,n a . GU I l lermo Gainza Pa zA uslral la . . . . . . . . Peter E. Norr i SBelgium . . . . . . ....... .. ... Edga r S im on sBolivia . . . . . . .. Fernand o H in ojosa V.Bri l l ' l l . ...... .. . ....Prof . F lavio Pere ir aBri tain. . . . . . .. .. An t h o ny R. PaceCe y lon K. P.K. Dc Ab rcwCh i le ....Pablo Pctrowitsc h S.COl o mbIa ...... ..... ....... JOhn Si mh anCos ta Ri ca . Rodol lo Ac os ta S.Cuba . . . . Ose'} r Re yesCZecl l o sl ovakl.1 .... . .......... Jan Bart osDenmark ......... . . ........ Er li ng Jen se nDo m l l l l ca n Republ ic ..... Guarjonex Flo r es L.Ecuador . , Co t. Raul Gonzalez A .F mland ........ Kalev; HielanenFr a n ce . . ....... Ri chard Nicmtz owGa m bIa ....... . . . .... RObert A. Co n n or sGe rm,lllY . . . ... , . Cap t W il l ia m B Na sI'G ree ce . . . . . . . . . . . .. George N. Balan o sG ua t ema la . . . . . Eduardo M endoza P.HOil and .. .. , . . . .. W .B . va n de n BergIreland ... ..... . Martin Feeney!lolly . . . . . . . . . . Robert o Pin ol l lJ,l par l . ... . .... ... . . Jun ' l ei' , ' T ak an ashlLebanon Ment lHr E I K hat ibMalta . . .... .. M ich ael A. SalibaMe XICO .......... Robe r to Marl inNew G Ul ne " Rev. N .C.G. Cr uttwel lNew Z ealand .. .... . . . .. . N o r m an W. A l fo rdN o r wa y . . . . . , R ic h a rd F arr owP,Jragu,Jy . . . . . . . ..... Co t. Ra u l Gonzalez A.Pe r u . . . ..... . . . . ... oaQuin Va rgas F .Phll lpprne ~ e p u b . .. Co l . Ad e r it o A. de Le o nPue rt o RICO .... ..... . Sebastian Ro b i o u L.RumanlJ .... lbe ri u s A. T oporSIp. rr a L eone ... . ...... Be r n a rd J . DodgeSingapore . . Yi p Mien Ch u n50 u th Alrica ....... Fr an k D . M ortonSp a in . . . . . . . . . . .. . .A n tonio A p ari CiO D.Swede n . . . ........... K. Go s ta Reh nSwitzer l and .. . ......... . . . Dr . Pel er Cr eo l aT a iw a n .. . Joseph M ar chTasmania . . ....Wi ll iam K. Rober t sThailand ...... . ..... ... Do n al d A . RodeT r i n idad ..... Eur lco Ja r dl mU ru guity .. ... Wa lt e r Fe rn and ez L.Vene.we la Asko ld La d o n kOV i e tn .lll1 . . .. . . ... Te rr y R . Pa y t on

THE A.P.R.O . BU LL ETINAPRO Begins 21st Year

A Progress ReportJanu ary I , 1972 , marked APRO 'sent ry int o its 2 1st year of existence . Asth e da te ap proached, several memb ers o flong standing including chart er memb erspoin ted out som e o f APRO' s acc omp lishment s whi ch may be of interest to the

membershi p.APRO was the first UFO researchorganizatio n in th e wor ld. At least o neot her gro up cl aim s th at disti nction bu twas mo re on th e order of a d iscuss io ngroup ra ther than dedicated to researchand regular publication of report s. Theremay have been ot her groups in existencearound the t im e APRO was organ ized butthey consisted of " paper" organiza tio ns(exis ting main ly on paper rat her than asviab le groups) .APRO has to da te, prod uced 120periodicals (The AFRO Bullelill ), th erebeing onl y o ne gap in the publica tionrecord in 195 4 when one issue wasconso lidated wi th an o ther due to pre ss ureof work and a sighting workload.APRO was the first orga nization todepart from the philosophy tha t harassingthe Air Force wou ld bring so me answersand ac tion , and to embark upon an effor tto in terest th e sc ientific co mm uni ty andco nduct ac tua l research. We were alsofir st to re cognize the Air Force ProjectBlue Book for what it was - a pub licre lat io ns ef for t.When APRO incorporated in 1967 itwas the fi rst UFO organization to do soand short ly thereafter obtained it s lax-cxemp t sta tus - also a first in the field .In 1957 APRO instituted the Rep resenta tive syste m when the lat e Dr. OlavoT. Fo ntes joined APRO as the Rep rese nta tive for Braz il. Short ly thereafterAPRO bega n to recruit scie ntists for itspanel of Consu lta n ts. T he Field Investigato r Ne twork fo llowed , mak ing APRO themo st effective UFO research organizationin ex istence.In summing up ) APRO has been aninnovative orga niza tion emp loy ing original ideas and never re maining static. Wefully expec t our COMCA T projec t (a no ther first, inc ident a lly) to be ano the rlandmark in UFO research.Im itation is sup posed to be th e si nceres t fo rm of fl a tt ery and the num ber ofgr o up s who have emu lated APROthrough th e years, even to the exten t ofemploying the same terminology andorga niza tio nal format s are too num erousto menti on bu t are an indica tio n o f th ewor kab ility of APRO's po licies.Mr. and Mr s. Lo re nzen, Mr. Greenwe lland Mrs. Cooper would like to ex tendtheir thanks to the members , Field In-vestigators, Consultants and Represen tatives who have so co nsistentl y su ppo rtedthe orga nization ' s ef for ts, We all look

JANUARY FEBRUARY 1972fo rward to further successes in th e yea1972 which was predicted to be thheavies t peri od of UFO activity in thhisto ry o f UFO research by Dr. Olava TFo ntes in 1965 . If the numb er of repo rreach ing this office at the present timare an y indicati on, 1972 will cer tainyi eld con siderab le information and pehaps so me long-sought answe rs,

Staff Members In TexasMr. James Lorenzen, APRO Directo

and Mr. Richard Greenwe ll , APRO Asstant Direc tor , delive red present ations atUFO seminar held o n February 4th1972, at the Rut h Taylor Hall of TriniUnive rsity in San Anto nio, Texas.Mr. Lorenzen and Mr. Greenweltalks were well received, as we ll as tha tMr. Ray Stanford, who organized thse min ar a nd de livered a pho tograp hpre sentat ion. Mr. Lorenzen talked oU.S. Gove rnmen t policy toward UFOand Mr. Gree nwell on scientifi c questiore la ted to UFO phenomena. Var ioradio , TV and press interviews lOok plac

The next day , Mr. Lorenze n new bacto Tucson and Mr. Greenwe ll co ntinueon to Houston and Da llas where hvi sited Dr. Dale E. Brandon, APR O Cosultant in Ocea nography . Dr. Br andoagreed to join with o ther Consultantsanalyzing so me special UFO reports. Hma in interest in UFOs lies with marincases.In Dallas, Mr. Greenwe ll met with DBr ian W. Jo hnson, who is no w a Co nsutant in Electrical Engin eering (see otharticle in th is issue). Dr. Johnson , whdoes resea rch in the Phy sics Departmenat th e University of Texas at Dallas, haparticular in terest in instr ulllentation dsign fo r UFO detection, and has buil t prototype of one detection system. MGreenwell also appeared on a 30 minuUFO specia l at Texas A. & M. Univesity 's KAMU-T V sta t ion on Feb ruar10th.

Two New ConsultantsTwo members , Mr. David M. Jacoand Dr. Brian W. Johnson, have beco

Consultants to APRO in History aElect rical Engineering respec tively.Mr. Jacobs rece ived a B.A. in Hi stofrom th e University o f Ca lifo rnia, LAngeles , in 1966 and an M. A. in Hi stofrom th e Universit y of Wi scon sin, Mason , in 1968 . He is now a Ph.D, candidin Hist o ry at th e Un ive rsity of Wi sco nand sho uld graduate in 1972. Hi s fie ldspecialt y is th e soc ial, cu ltural and inlec tual h is tory of th e United States. doc to ral th esis is titled Th e Cont ro l1eOve r Unidentif ied Flying Objec lsAmerica: 18961 970, which is a discsion of t he histori cal, cultural a

(See COl1sultal1 tsPage Three)


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JANUARY.FEBRUARY 1972

Close-up(Continued from Page One)thing." Aguilar thinks the thing began toslowly move to the south and climbslightly as he went to the trailer. However, his running and subsequent pounding and shouting at the trailer doorinterfered with his observations.The supervisors came outside of thetrailer after some short unknown lengthof time (they had been derisive about hisshouts about "nying saucer") and whennext Aguilar and the two superviSorslooked, the object had moved to a pointestimated by Aguilar as I00 feet awayand possibly one hundred feet off theground. The object , still tilted, now hadthe rotat ing lights moving rapidly. Aguilarsaid that if he had no t seen the "portholes" stationary at first he would no thave been able to notice that the belt oflights was no t solid- that is, not continu-0 " 'The group watched the object seem toaccelerate and climb to the south,dwindle to a point, seem to arc around tothe east and return toward the group (stillfar enough away so that no details of theobject were seen), come to a hesitationover the river (now quite high) andsuddenly dart off to the east. This part of'- the sighting lasted aU of five to ten

....., seconds.The sky was very clear, the moon wasvisible, no sound accompanied the objectand it apparently had no effect on thetelevision. No pain, heat or wind felt.Aguilar told his wife of his sightingwhen he arrived home that night andcaUed the Jersey City Police and theJersey City Journal, where he reportedhis sighting. Aguilar had taken so muchkidding and criticism from his friends andrelatives that he was happy to be contacted by Mr. Redner.Scandinavian(Continued from Page One)

Captain Oddmund Karlsson, pilot of avacation charter jet was preparing for alanding at Bergen, Norway when hespotted a formation of seven white glowing objects at approximately 20,000meters altitude (about 70,000 fee t)_Karlsson pointed them ou t to his co-pilotand later stated that some of his 124 passengers viewed the object s also. They werenying in echelon formation, he said, andthe four objects at the head of the formation were the brightest.Hakan Berklund and Anders Hedberg_ of the village of Sveg in middle Swedenalso sighted the same or a similar formation but said the objects slowed theirspeed and after a low-level flight over thevillage, increased speed and altitude andsped ou t of sight.

Forestry worker Lennard Jonssonclaimed he watched the formation for

TNI A.P.R.O. IUlUffNthree minutes over Lembackem in theprovince of Vannland, also in middleSweden. Other reports came from Stockholm, Eskilstuna, Gavle and Osthammarand witnesses called the police and theArmy to report the sightings.The Swedish Air Force stated thatneither NATO in Norway or the SwedishDefense Department registered any radarreturns of UFOs during the sightings.However, Major Erling Hornven of theNorwegian High Command said: "Wehave approximately 20 reports withdescriptions absolutely worthy of belief."He said that most of the reports describedseven brightly glowing round objectswhich moved very fast from Northwest toSoutheast. Hornven also stated that "i twas unlikely that it could have been anairplane or a returning sateIlite."Eyewitnesses estimated the speed ofthe objects as 4800 kilometers perhour- much faster than the speed of anyearthly airplane. However, Tage Erikssonof the Swedish Research Institute forDefense thought that "mirages, renections, an airplane or a swarm of meteoritescould have produced the light appearances."Inasmuch as the Karlsson sighting andthe Bergen airport sighting took place atthe same time , it is quite possible thatthey were one and the same fonnationbut that writers misquoted altitudes.

Consultants(Continued from Page Two)psychological aspects.

Besides having been a Teaching Assis.-tant at the University of Wisconsin'sHistory Department, Mr. Jacobs has received various scholarships, including aFord Foundation Research Fellowship.He is a member of the Organization ofAmerican Historians. As described elsewhere in this issue, Mr. Jacobs is one offour graduate students who have utilizedthe UFO subject as a basis for a dissertation. His studies on social interactions inthe history of UFO sightings will be anasset to APRO in the future.Dr. Johnson received both a B.S. andan M.S. in Electrical Engineering fromCarnegie_Mellon Univerl:ity in 1967 and1968 respectively. His Ph.D. in SpaceScience (Plasma Physics) was obtainedfrom the same institution in 1971. Hewas formerly a Research Engineer in theResearch and Development Laboratoriesof Westinghouse Electric Corporation andis currently a Research Associate in theDivision of Atmospheric and SpaceSciences of The University of Texas atDallas. His work involves research onatomic helium, lasers and excited gasafterglows.One of Dr. Johnson's main interests inUFOs is detection systems. He has beeninvolved in instrumentation systems

PAOI Jdesign and has constructed various sophis.ticated "detectors" - which will be discussed in a future article of his in TheAFROBulletin.

Project ComcotAs of February IS, APRO's ProjectCOMCAT (Computerized Catalog of UFOreports) went into preliminary operation.A sizable donation by an APRO memberhas provided the financial means bywhich APRO has hired additional officepersonnel so that efforts can be concentrated on micro-filming the report files.The files will be filmed in duplicate, onecopy of the film to go to a librarian forcross-referencing and the other to a teamof computer specialists who will transferthe information to punch cards.As the filming is done, specific repor tswill be pulled, copied and forwarded tothe appropriate Consultant. We expectthat these efforts will yield positive re

sults with the next three months.We would like to urge those who havereports which have no t been submitted toAPRO to forward same at the earliestpossible opportunity so that they can beincluded in this important study.

New APRO StaH MemberAPRO announces the hiring of a new

staff member, Mr. Robert D. Piccola, asan Administrative Assistant. Mr. Piccola,who commenced his full-time duties atthe Alvemon Way APRO office on February21, 1972, was born in Louisville,Kentucky on May 30, 1946.Mr. Piccola attended the University ofAlabama at Tuscaloosa and studied Business Administration and Marketing(1965) and transferred to Eastern Kentucky University at Richmond (1966). Heis experienced in all forms of officeprocedures, banking and credits, as weUas sanitation engineering problems anden vironmental pollutions. ConcerningUFOs, Mr. Piccola believes tbat theyrepresent "a subject worthy of serious,scientific attention and that society willultimately benefit through the dissemination of such information." Mr. Piccolaobserved a disk.-shaped, silver-metallicUFO in August, 1958, which left novapor trail and made no noise.

ADDRESS CHANGESAlways include old an d new

Zip Codes.


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Brazilian Photo CaseMrs. Irene Granelli, APRO's Field In

vestigator at Rio de Janeiro , Brazil hasforward ed th e details of a multiple-.witness UFO sighting which took placeon October I , 197 1 at 7:50 p . m. in theSao Cristovao district of Rio. One of themain witnesses, Mr. Nelso n CalmonSchubsky. managed to get tw o photos ofth e object , wh ich are pre sented on thispage,Two young girl students sounded thealarm from th e street, whereupon Mr.Schu bsky, 24 , and h is fiancee, SheyJaFernandes Cardoso, 21, rushed into thestreet to see the object. There was quite agathering of wit nesses by th e time theygot outside. Except to op en the dia phragm of th e camera to the maximum,$chubsky had no time to adjust thecamera. Th e objec t, which sported threelights (white, ye llow and red) , wasmaneuvering in th e vicinity of th e HelenaRubenstein beauty products facto ry .Th e body of the object was described asrose-colored at its center with its outlinea true red. I t pulsated rapidly and whenthe light became dim th e color of th eob jec t was rose .At its nearest point the object ap peared to have three smaU cra ters or holeson its unders ide. Th e th ree lights descr ibed previously jetted down from th ebody of th e object toward th e gro un d bu tdid not reach th e g rou nd. The light of th ebody of the objec t was desc rib ed asopaque and diffused, and compared tothat of a red-ho t piece of iron .

The object finally went behind thechi mn ey of the Rubenstein factory andwas not see n again . Witnesses living onth e other side of th e factory said theyhad seen a red glow bu t nothing else. Th esighting was genera lly co nsidered to havclasted approx im ate ly 5 minutes but noon e bothered to time it so it is just anestima te. Mr. Schubsky was using a LeicaModel IlI f, black and white film.

Treacher RevealsSighting Details

While in Pa lm Beach, Florida in ear lyDecember, 1971, Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzendiscovered that Arthur Treacher, th efamous English actor and former "sidekick" on th e Merv Gr iffen late night talkshow, was staying in an adjacent unit atthe Holiday Inn . Mrs. Lorenzen recaUedthat Mr . Treacher had mentioned that hehad made a UFO sight ing during a discussion of the subject on th e Griffen show.Mr. and Mrs. Lorenzen approached Mr.Treacher while he and his wife werelunchin g on th e patio and obtained thesedetails:

The Treachers do no t recall the exactyear of their sighting, bu t said that ittook place "S to I0 yea rs ago", which

THE A.P.R.O. BU LLETIN

RIO PHOTO NO.

would place the approx im a te year so metime between 196 1 and 1964 . They didreca ll that the month in volved wasAu gust and the time between 6:30 and7:00p.m.

Th e co uple were at the Dun e DeckHote l at West Hampton Beach, LongIslan d when they looked toward MontaukPoin t and spotted the tadpole-shapedob jec t coming toward them. The objectwas grey


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JANUARYFEBRUARY 1972

Press(Continued from Page Four)

witnesses panicked , others fled and ot herswere para ly ze d with fear.On the same nigh t a man on his way toItaperuna from Natividade panickedwhen a disc "danced" over his car. Whenhe and his wife arrived in ltaperuna , shewas in hysterics.On the 20th of December the NiteroiNa tividade bus stopped at Itaperuna andall passengers were very upse t for a UFOhad followed the bus for several kilometers, flying low over the hood. Theyrefused to co ntinue their journey thatni ght and stayed in Itaperun a.At 9: 10 a. m. on the 1st of January aluminous object about the size of abicycle was seen by at least 50 people inSalvador (Bahia). A small boy firstspo tted it (i t seemed as though it wa sgoing to land), called his playmates, and areporter from the newspaper "A Tarde"came along and saw it also.

In the "Letters from the Readers"column for Janu ary 5, a reader wrote:"An id entical case to that of the flyingdisc seen in Itaperuna on December 19th,at 8 p. m., occurred here in Ipiabas on thesa me day , at about 9:30 p. m. A rounded ,luminous object appeared motion lessabove a hill by my hom e, at about 20metres from the ground, emitting a brightje t of bluish light on a field in front, soth.at an employee of mine was frightenedby it and ran over to call me. The objectwas sti ll motionless in th e sky over thehill. Then I saw it emit a brigh t jet oflight sideways, twice. Then it moved onslowly and stopped again over the gardenof my house where 1 found myse lfstanding with my children and ot herpersons. At one time it looked as if it wa sgoing to land. It stayed where it was forabout five minutes, enveloped in a kindof luminous or phosphorescent cloud;then it retreated and started gain in gheight until it finally disappeared towardthe Forest Farm, towards Valenca."

Swedish Photo JudgedAuthentic

Mr. K. Costa Rehn, APRO Representat ive fo r Sweden, has forwarded the photoshown above as well as the followingreport:On May 6th, 1971 , at 9:55 a. m. LarsThorn, 25, a truck driver , snapped twophotos of an unconventional aerial objectwhich he caught sigh t of between somet rees and an old bunker while riding onhis motor bike in the neighborhood ofthe Skiltingaryd gunnery field in MiddleSweden . The camera was a Minolta (Japanese). The second photo came out moreclearly than the first and was enlarged by

THI 1.. '.1.0. IUUmN

120 times. The photo shown above IS theclearest of the two." Although it was stationary", LarsThorn said , " it wobbled or rocked to andfro all the time. On the upp er side thereappeared to be a dome (i t shows faintlyon the photograph because the UFO wasturn ed over showing mostly the rim andthe bottom). Ju st below the dome therewas something grey and red and again,below that, I could see what looked like agreen ribbon . The very bottom was red .There ca me from it a whizzing sound atin tervals of I 0-15 seconds."GICOFF, the Goteborg UFO researchgroup interviewed Thorn in depth andtwo trusted professional photographersexamined the photos . They put the twonegatives one upon the other, matchingthe images and shining light throughthem. They also looked at them througha ste reosco pe to get the effect o f depth .This eliminated the possibility of reflections and showed that the object hoveredfar on the other side of the bunker fromThorn's posi tion.A photo labora tory of the A-kop iafirm magnified the negatives 120 timesand irradiate d them with la ser light. Thequality of the granulation was found tobe evenly sized and uniformly distributedall over the film , on the object as weU ason the background. Several dark copieswere made to find out if the object hadbeen suspended with a thread or wire.These tests showed conclusively that apossible montage or hoax were precluded.The photographs were declared genuine.The largest photo laboratory inGoteborg, the Kodak Company, alsoexamined the photographs. The men incharge declared unanimously that thephotos show no trace of a montage andthat they are ge nuine. They would no tventure a guess as to what the objectactually was.

UFO Researcher Boris Jungkvist tookthe photos to the FOA, (Swedish Defense

t\

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Research Institute) which has in the pastexhibited a hostile at titude toward theUFO problem. Dr. Yage Eriksson, thescientist in charge and pho to expert S.Larsso n first suggested that the picturerepresented a fabricated modeL Theysuggested that a light balsa wood andpaper model could be const ructed with aho t air balloon in side it to hold it up inthe air. No evidence of a montage wasfound . Larsson examined the negativesthr ough a magnifying glass and thoughthe co uld see a strajght, thin , grey-blackline running from the ground up to thesaucer - thus an anchored balloon contraption was insinuated. Further examination showed that no such hne existed .After considerable di sc ussion,Jungkvist was surprised to hear Dr. Erikkson announce: "Well, then this thinghere is a flying saucer, I suppose, butwhat are we going to do about it?" FOAkept the material for further investigation.

Other details relati ng to the photo-graph: The sun appears to reflect off therim of the object in the photo. A latticeor grate is apparent below the rim. Theobject was first seen at about 15 deg reesabove the horizon, traveling at about thespeed of a small plane, whereupon itreached its position near the bunker,hovered momentarily (while Thorn tookthe photographs), then went back in thedirection it had come, at the speed of aje t plane and disappeared from sight.Thorn estimated that the object wasabout 300 meters (1000 feet) from himand about 10 meters in diameter. Therocking motion gave him an opportunityto see that it was disc-shaped.

Object FilmedIn England

A television film crew on location atEnstone, England on October 26, ob (See England .Page Six)


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'AOE ,England(Continued from Page Five)served and photographed a UFO whichwas later shown to 8 million viewers onan Associated Television News Program.The flIm is allegedly in the hands ofthe British Ministry of Defense where i t isbeing studied. I t is quite likely tha t thisparticular film is one of the mos t convincing pieces of evidence to come to light asit involves a bright round object which isapproaching the camera, then makes anabrupt 9Ck1.egree tum without slowingdown. After the tum the object streakedacross the sky leaving a vapor trail. It wasobserved visually by the six-member fUmcrew including cameraman Noel Smartwho did the actual filming, and ChristineFewla ss.Smart said that his crew was filming adocumentary about farming in a field atEnstone when he spotted the objectwhich he described as round and glowingand it appeared to be spinning. He didn' tbegin filming immediately, he said,because he was busy watching the objectwhich was coming toward the group.Then it stopped, he said, and hungmotionless for approximately 15 second s,whereupon Smart grabbed his camera.The object then began to move towardSmart and took on an orange glow. Hesaid that by the time he got the cameraworking the UFO was moving at veryhigh speed. I t was at this point that theobject made the 9O-degree tum , speedingup, and Smart had difficulty following itwith his camera.Miss Fewlass said that in her opinionthe object was no t an aircraH because ofits shape, speed and maneuvers. She alsosaid that as a member of a film crew forfour years, she had filmed many aircraftbut that the object was nothing likeanything she had ever seen.

USAF Report On Hill Ca.eAPRO recently obtained a copy of theo icial United States Air Force UFOreport on the Barney and Betty Hill case,which includes a radar track repor t on aUFO by the Air Force ilself.The report concludes that "both radarand visual sighting (by the Hills) areprobably due to conditions resu lting fromstrong inversion which prevailed in (the)area on (the) morning of sighting .radar was probably looking at someground target due to strong inversion. Noev idence indicating objects were due toother than natural causes." A fairlyaccura te description of the object, asreported by the Hills in John Fuller'sIntenupted Journey, is given and it isadmitted that all the information wasobtained through a telephone conversation. The Hills were not interviewed

TH I "".'.0. IULLIIfNalthough the report stated that " . . . his(Hill's) apparent honesty and seriousnessappears to be valid. . ."

The Air Intelligence Information Report 100-1-61 , submitted by the I OOthBomb Wing (SAC) at Pease AFB, NewHampshire, to the Air Technical Intelligence Center (ATIC) at Wright-PattersonAFB, Dayton, Ohio, and signed by MlijorPaul W. Henderson, has an "additionalitem" as follows:

During a casual conversation on 22Sept 61 between Major Gardiner B.Reynolds, 100th B W DCOI andCaptain Robert O. Daughaday, Commander 1917-2 AACS DIT, PeaseAFB, NH it was revealed that astrange in cident occured at 0614local on 20 Sept. No importance wa sattached to the incident at the time.Subsequent interrogation faiJed tobring out any information in addition to the extract of the "DailyReport of the Controller". COpy ofthis extract is attached. I t is notpossible to determine any relationship between these two observations,as the radar observation provides nodescription . Time and distance between the events could hint of apossib le rela tionship.The radar repor t - labelled "TrueExtract of Daily Report of the Controller, AACS Form 96 , for the date of 20September 196 1" - reads as follows:06 14 OBSERVED UNIDENTIFIEDA IC COME ON PAR 4 MILES OUT.A IC MADE APPROACH ANDPULLED UP AT 1/2 MILE. SHORTLY AFTER OBSERVED WEAKTARGET ON DOWNWIND , THENRADAR CTC LOST. TWR WA SADVISED OF THE A /C WHEN ITWAS ON FINAL, THEN WHEN ITMADE LOW APPROACH. TWRUNABLE TO SEE ANY A/C ATANY TIME . . JCCERTIFIED TRUE:(signed) Robert O. Daughaday Captain , USAF CommanderFull wordage of abbreviations fo llows for APRO readers: AACS = Airwaysand Air Communications Service; AIC '"Aircraft ; PAR '" Precision Approac hRadar; CTC =Contact; TWR '" Tower.Although M-.jor Henderson seemedimpressed by the Hill observation, thesighting is exp lalned away as a possible"advertising search light." However, theofficial explanation wa s originally "Opti-ca l Conditions" which was later changedto " Insufficient Data for Evaluation ."The radar track is also explained away 3S

an " .opticalsp heric

JANUARY.FEBRUARY 1972

. . observation due to unusucondition resulting from atmoconditions."On The Brazilian SceneA series of sightings took place iBrazil in December, 19 7 1 which wer

reported to Irene Granchi, APRO's FielInvestigator in Rio de Janeiro.At 8 p. m. on December 19, 197 1 aPipeiras, which is about 20 kilome tefrom Barcelos, an object was seen in thsouth, low on th e horizon, larger thanhalf moon, traveling horizontally, soundless and heading north. When it reachedspot over the witnesses' heads, it lookelike a wheel, with a dark center and central light described as "dull", reddisand dimly glowing. Many people stooouwde and watched the spectacle. Latthat evening an object answering the samdescription was seen by many at PalacetFazendinha, Reea Velha and Ban:elos.At about 10 p. m. several w i t n e ~ sdifferent locations including Roca Velbsa w an object ejecting a tiny, star-shapeobject, then 3 or 4 more and the thirtime, a "w hole lot" of "little stars". Th"sta rs" ei ther new ou t of sight or extinguished their lights, except for two whicmoved south and descended as if landinOn December 28, at Atafonl.-;- a ....erstrange series of evenls transpired . Twitnesses were aeronautical engineHeleno C. Cordeiro de Mello, his wifHelen and Mrs . An' Augusta RodrigueAll are well-known and respected indiviuals in the community. They were sitt inon the veranda when a luminous spcame from the south and traveled nortwith an undulating trajectory. I t passeout of sight in the north four minutafter it was sighted and was estimated tbe at ap proximately 900 feet altitude antraveling at about 400 miles per hour.Twelve minutcs later a similar lumious spot came ou t of the west travelinga curve toward the North, at the samapp roximate altitude as the first, and thsame apparent speed, going out of sigwithin four minutes. I t appeared ellipticin shape with a central lighted portion.Again , 12 minutes later, another spocame out or the west, following the sampath as the 12 : 12 a. m. object, only seemed to be closer. As with the 12:a.m. object, it appeared elliptical bwithout a central light.A Little to the south of the area whethe 2nd and 3rd object were seen, a littnebulous mass was seen and all during thobservation there seemed to be a flasemitted fro m this mass.The final manifestation in the December sighUngs took place on December 2at Atafona. Witnesses were the samethe December 28 sighting plu s thre

(See Brazilian-Page Seuen)


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JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1972 1Brazilian

(Continued from Page Six), children (3, 10 and II years old) and ayoung man and two girls who work at thehousehold_

It was 8:30 a. m., the sky was blue,the sun shining brightly, and there weresome high cirrus clouds, and a slight windfrom the north.The children called the adults to comeout and see a strange mushroom-shapedcloud. Upon going outside the adultsnoted that the object was at the samespot where the nebulous mass was seenthe night before_ I t was clearly Visible,near and lying low, much lower than theclouds.The "cloud" was strange because of itscolor-a reddish-brown. I t also appearedfoam-like or like thick smoke "half bubbly"-as if produced by little explosions.I t also kept changing shape and travelingagainst the wind.Suddenly the cloud broke up into tinyfragments, compact flakes that spreadout, then came together, repeating thisprocess many times and each time the"flakes" came together again theyassumed a different shape, once lookinglike a tower.As the witnesses watched this strangeSight, other cloud-like objects appeared

"\ until there were Saltogether-the first andl a s t being larger, and the three intermediary ones being the smallest. All were ofthe same color, consistency and behavior.They grouped together, blossomed andbroke up at the same spot and both themass and the fragments moved about atsmall distances.At one time the "flakes" lost color ordisappeared, only to reappear shortly andto stick together again in one mass. Thewhole phenomenon lasted one hour and10 minutes, after which the objects "disappeared" 'for good.The witnesses stated emphatically thatfor the duration of the sighting, evenwhen the clouds or flakes disappeared,they got the impression that there werereal objects moving about.We concur with Mrs. Granchi that thisis a most important sighting even thoughno landing or occupants were involved,and will welcome any ideas from members or subscribers which might explainthis sighting.

UFO Air ChaseOver Tucson

A silvery, oval-shaped unidentifiedflying object was reportedly observedover Tucson, Arizona, on February 2,1972. The observation was made by Mrs.Carol Kerstetter, a housewife, who wasadvised by her husband to report the incident to APRO.

THE A.P.R.O. IULlITINThe observation took place at about1 30 p.m., local time, when Mrs. Kerstetter was watching three A7 combat aircraft nying nearby. The three aircraft,stationed at DavisMonthan Air ForceBase, Tucson, were climbing rapidly towards the north-west and veered aroundto th e south-west. The aircraft ap

proached a large, oval-shaped object,which appeared to be double the size ofthe A7s, one towards the right of it , onetowards the left of it and one behind it.The UFO appeared to be moving veryslowly and Mrs. Kerstetter observed it forapproximately 20 seconds. The objectand the A7s were situated about 30 degrees above the south-western horizonand Mrs. Kerstetter estimated the UFO,which she described as "silvery", to beone third the size of a quarter at arm'slength.As Mrs. Kerstetter watched the air-intercept, the object vanished. APRO questioned Mrs. Kerstetter very carefully onthis point and she insists that she did notlook away at any time as she was stunnedby what she was watching and the objectdid not appear to depart - just to disappear. Mrs. Kerstetter admits that she mayhave blinked at the time, giving the objecta split second in which to depart. Afterth e object's disappearance, the A7slooped around town and presumablylanded at Davis-Monthan.Mrs. Kerstetter could give no otherdeSCription other than "oval" and "silvery." She observed no structural detailssuch as wings or windows although theobject appeared to be double the size ofthe A7s, which she could easily identifyas A7s are seen daily over Tucson.APRO has received further, unofficialinformation on the incident, to the effectthat the Base was alerted to the presenceof a UFO through a radar track and threeA7s were scrambled. After the return tothe Base, the three pilots were debriefedextensively. The names of the pilots, eventhe incident itself is classified information, so further data may not be forthcoming for some time. I f and when theAir Force report is declassified, it couldbe one of the strongest cases on record asit would involve ground radar, groundvisual, air visual and probably air-radar(there is also the possibility of aerialphotography using gun-cameras).

Argentinean UFO.CODOVNI, the Argentinean UFOgroup has forwarded press information onrecent sightings in Argentina. One caseinvolves a sighting by an ArgentineanAirlines crew flying an AVRO-748between Catamarca and Buenos Aires.

The crew consisted of Captain CayetanoTrigo, pilot (with 27 years flight experience), officer Alberto Parcampo, co-pilot(with 9 years flight experience), Steward

POlge 7R. Servant and Stewardess SusanaLucarelli.The observation occured at aboutII :00 p. m., local time, on February 8,1972. while the aircraft was over SanNicolas and Ramallo. A large, bright lightappeared before the plane and obstructedthe crew's vision. The light reportedly lefta blue and red trail and changed colorfrom yellow to red, to blue, to green.Few other details are given. The crewobserved the phenomenon for about 5minutes and believed i t to be a "flyingsaucer" that was pacing their aircraft.

Other observers at the airport claimedalso to have seen a UFO, before theAVRO landed. One of these was a pilot,Jorge Sosa. At the same time as theAVRO observation, dozens of citizens ofMar del Plato, over 200 miles south ofBuenos Aires, called police and newspapers concerning the observation of atleast 5 UFOs over the city. Some of thecharacteristics of the reported phenomenon were similar to a satellite re-entry(the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory-VFON SateUite Re-Entry listing doesno t indicate a re-entry for the first weekof February, 1972) or a meteor. Noexplanation was given by authorities.Also at 11:00 p. m. approximately,many citizens of Bahia Blanca, almost40 0 miles to the south of Buenos Aires,reported the same or a similar phenomenon. Some reports state one object wasobserved. Other reports mention severalobjects. APRO does not possess enoughdata on these observations to offer anopinion.

Book ReviewThe Nature o fBalf Lightning

by Stanley SingerPlenum Press, New York, 1971169 pages, $12.50.Over the centuries man has recorded,on rare occasions, mysterious balls oflight that remain visible for a fewseconds, or even minutes, and whichgenerally appear in connection with

thunder storms. This phenomenon hastraditionally been caUed ball lightning. Itsgeneral characteristics were hinted at byAristotle and other writers more than2000 years ago. One sometimes hears thequestion 'Does ball lightning exist?debated with vigor. This reminds me of asimilar question asked about UFOs. Inboth cases we are only involved insemantics. Once you have defined acertain puzzling class of natural phenomena as 'ball lightning', then of course itexists.In spite of fairly numerous referencesto the subject in the scientific literaturevery few monographs exist in this field,

(See Review-Page Eight)


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'AOI Back Bulletins Available

APRO has a stock of back bulletinswhich are available to members andsubscribers at 50 cents each, postpaid, asper the foHowing list:1958 Jul., Nov,1959 Mar., Jui.1960 - Mar., Jul., Sep., Nov.1961 - Jan., Mar., May, Jul., Sep.,Nov.1962 - Jan., Mar" May, Jul., Sep.,Nov.1963 - Jan" Mar" May, Jul., Sep"Nov,1964 - Jan., March.1967 - Nov.-Dec.1968 - Mar.-Apr., May-Jun" Jul.Aug., Sep .ocl., Nov,-Dec.1969 ~ Jan.-Feb., Mar,-Apr., MayJun., Jul.-Aug.1970 - May-Jun., Nov.-Dec.1971 - Jan.-Feb" Mar.-Apr., MayJun., Jul.-Aug., Sep.-Oct., Nov,

Dec.When ordering, be sure to indicateexactly which bulletins are required. Sendremittance for the correct amount andprint name and address clearly.BULLETIN RATESAPRO Membership including Bulletin:U.S., Canada & Mexico . . , , 56,00 yr.All other countries ....... $7.00 yr.Subscription to Bulletin only:U.S. Canada & Mexico . . . . 56.00 yr.All other countries ....... $7.00 yr.UFO PhotosWe remind all members that the sale ofUFO photos has been discontinued. Lateorders received are being processed bu tnew orders will be returned.APRO will continue to publish reliableUFO photos that come to light from timeto time.

APRO SymposiumProceedings

The proceedings of the APRO UFOSymposium, held at the University ofArizona last November 22nd and 23rd,are being transcribed and it is hoped thatpublication will be possible later in 1972.However, this will be dependent on thesale of the Proceedings of the EasternUFO Symposium. which is available fromAPRO at S3.00 postpaid in the U.S.,Canada and Mexico (US $3.50 in othercountries),We strongly urge all members topurchase a copy of the latter so that aninvestment may be made in the publication of the Tucson meeting, which washailed by Dr. J. Allen Hynek as the", . :first truly scientific symposium (onUFOs)., ,"

THI A,',LO, auurnNReview

(Continued (rom Page Seven)the last comprehensive treatment havingbeen published by W, Brand in 1923. Allthose interested in a study of aerialphenomena will welcome this new review,which is a valuable summary of referencematerial.

The author has organized the subjectsystematically. After a brief historicalcomment the general physical propertiesof nonnallightning are noted briefly. Theobservational characteristics of ball lightning are then discussed, using as examp'lesspecific cases of visual evidence, Achapter dealing with photographs of balllightning is interesting but adds little ofscientiric importance to the discussion asmost of the photographic evidence isstrongly suspect, This results from thefact that mounted cameras were almostnever available on the rare occasionswhen baJJ lightning appeared, and therehas been a very general misinterpretationof the pictures secured with handheldequipment. The observational half of thebook ends with a summary of the averagecharacteristics of the phenomenon asdetermined from a grand total of some1000 cases, most of these collected fromthe literature by previous writers,The last half of this book is devoted toan extensive treatment of some dozentheories that have been advanced toexplain ball Jjghtning. Even the earlier,primitive theories are included as some ofthese have been independently suggestedseveral times without knowledge of theirpast history. The author comes to thesame conclusion as previous writers, thatno theoretical treatment has yet beenfound that explains all the majorcharacteristics of the phenomenon. Iheartily agree with his suggestion th.atprobably no one theory will be foundadequate to cover all recorded events andthat there may be a number of distincttypes of ball lightning. At the presenttime a hopeful line of investigation seemsto be that involving a plasmoid, generatedby natural electromagnetic, high.frequency radiation. The quieter, less-energetictypes of ball lightning may result fromthe diffuse combustion-oxidation ofgases. Some of the rarer active types mayoriginate in the vaporization of metal byordinary lightning. These three explanations well illustrate the diversity of thetheories proposed. A great deal moretheoritical and experimental work isnecessary before we really understand thesubject,The volume is well produced and veryfew misprints were noted, though there isa bit of confusion on page 30 where twoseparate cases have been mixed. I feel theauthor could have stressed the fallibilityof observational data a bit more, thoughthis would not alter his general conclusions, A very valuable feature is a

JANUARYFEBRUARY 1972

compilation of 594 references to balllightning from the scientific literature.These are listed both by author and bysubject classification. This book is practi-cally indispensible to anyone involved ina serious study of strange things seen inour atmosphere.Dr. Peter M. Millman,Astrophysics BranCh,National Research Council of Canada,Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Graduote Work on UFOsOne of the ou t of state visitors to theAPRO UFO Symposium was Mr. PaulMcCarthy, a graduate student in PoliticalScience at the University of Hawaii inHonolulu. Mr. McCarthy, who is workingon a Ph,D, thesis on the federal andscience policies on UFOs, spent almosttwo weeks in Tucson doing research. His

visit followed that of David Jacobs severalmonths before, who is writing a Ph.D.thesis on the history of UFO sightings,including the airships of the 19th Centmy.APRO is aware of two other suchacademic studies on UFOs. One is adissertation in Sociology by MichaelSchutz .at Northw.e.stern Univ.etsity: andthe other a dissertation in Journalism byHerbert Strentz, also at NorthwesternUniversity (who completed it last year).I t is encouraging to see that UFOs aregradually becoming a subject of interestin the academic world. Several collegecourses involving UFO matters have beengiven and APRO is aware of othersprogramed for 1972.

UFOs:The Scientists' DilemmaBy Dr. Horace C. Dudley

Dr. Dudley is a Professoro fRadiationPhysics at the University of Illinois,Chicago, and is Consultant to APRO inRadilltion Physics.By following the reactions and changing attitudes of the general public over 25years of ever-increasing reports of UFOs,one finds that most of those notscientifically trained are now at leastready to consider the probability ofextraterrestrial visitors, This can readilybe explained since those over 40 years ofage remember well the Sunday comicsand Buck Rogers' exploits, These p ayears we have seen those far-out exploitsof the I 930's enacted on our T.V. screensas Annstrong and Aldrin made their

(See Dilemma-Page Nine)


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JANUARYFEBRUARY 1972Dilemma

(Continued from Page Eight)i s t O r i C landing on the Moon. These menwere our first extraterrestrial voyagers.Non-technical minds are no longerstunned by thoughts of a civilization ofreasoning beings who just might havestumbled on a practical application of a"Unified Field Theory" that our theoretical physicists here have been unsuc;-.cessfully wrestling with for the past 70years.From the vantage point of havingseriously studied the history of physicsfor the past 15 years and for 7 yearstaught senior graduate level courses in thehistory of physics, the reactions ofscientists in general and physicists inparticular, to reports of UFOs are notnew, nor surprising. History is simplybeing repeated. Well known is thereaction of the French Academy ofSciences (1803) to reports of meteoriteshowers striking areas of France in largenumbers. These reports were deridedbecause it impinged on the "scientificfact" that nothing could come from outerspace. Not until members of the Academy went to certain areas in France andpicked up meteorites by the score, didthis august body even co nsider that suchevents could occur.. We have to go no further back than theCentury to illustrate how a wellpublicized theory is still ge nera lly considered unshakable; namely, the GeneralTheory of Relativity. Newton predictedin his Principia that light would be bentby gravitat ional attraction as it passed theSun. Einstein calculated (1912.1915) theextent of such bending. In 1920 the Sunwas shown to have a large magnetic field,now known to be often nuctuating, evenreversing polarity. In 1960 the potentialdifference between the Earth's orbit andthe Sun was shown to be 1017 - 1019volts. The bending of light from a star, asit passes the Sun, is a resultant of threeforces, and not limited to the effect ofgravitational attraction. Both Newton andEinstein based their reasoning on theinformation available at the time, thusassuming that only one force was acting.In 1964, Dicke of Princeton showedthe Sun to be an orr-centered spheroid,accounting for the annual changes (perturbations) in the orbit of Mercury. Theseexperimental findings return astrophysicsto the laws of classical mechanics, but asthe present decade starts you will hearlittle of the above discussed by leaders ofphysics. Certainly none has filtered down. the college level texts.These are examples of scientists caughtp in the malaise of crisis where theanomalies observed cannot be fitted intothe established modes of scientific theorizing; in other words, findings which donot fit into "Normal Science." This mal

THE AI .R.O. BULLETINaise causes findings which cannot bereadily explained to be shelved, awaitingfurther evidence, further supporting material; in effect this delays the day ofreckoning, which eventually comes.In his most interesting volume ThirtyYean '17Ult ShookPhysia 1 Gamov showsho w the experimental fmdings of1895 -1 930 required the marked revisionof "classical" physiCS, introducing concepts which were in many ways diametrically opposite to those which formedthe framework of physics prior to 1900,Many of these findings were so new, sounexpected that new theories had to bedeveloped. Most of the new co ncepts metwith little opposition. The shock of theavalanche of new discoveries left the oldtimers stunned. The leaders of sciencecou ld no t cope with these young upstarts,the experimentalists: Becquerel, Roentgen, Rutherford, Thomson, the Curies,Michelson, Milliken, and others,A young theorist, Max Planck, who

.flew in the face of the accepted theoriesof heat and light propogation stated:2 "Anew scientific truth does not triumph byconvincing its opponents and makingthem see the light, but rather because itsopponents eventually die, and a newgeneration grows up that is familiar withit."

The theories which developed ou t ofthe wealth of experimental findingsduring this era have now become thedogma of "Modem Physics" as shown byKuhn in his Structure 0 / ScientificRevolutions. 3 The 1900-1930 era hasnow become "Normal Science" and"Normal Science" provides the framework and guidelines which channelresearch efforts to further SUpport thebasic assumptions of "Normal Science".In fact, "Normal Science" also providesthe box into which new research must fit,else it may well be classed crackpot (TheKiss of Death).

I t is this writer's thesis that we areagain engaged in a second "Thirty YearsThat Will Shake Physics", becinningabout 1955. Some experimental findingsin basic physics which cannot be fiuedinto the current "Normal Science" arelisted as follows:A. Breakdown of Parity.

B. Breakdown of Time Reversal(which negates Lorentz transfor'mation and concept of 2 frames ofreferences).C. Neutrino flux as a continuum (aparticulate aether).D. Astrophysical forces a resuitant ofelectrostatic, magnetic, and gravi tational fields.E. The Earth, a charged "particle"surrounded by an electrosphere(300,000 volts).

The above indicates some areas inwhich scientists, in particular the physicalscientists, are being buffeted. This revolu-

Paga 9tion will no t be as easy as the 1 9 0 ~ 1 9 3 0affair. Too many have too much at stakesalary wise; reputation wise; status wise ifyou like. The history of physics indicatesthat the full impact of the experimenta lfindings 1955-1970 outlined above willtake about tw o generations exactly as didthe fading out of the concept of heat as asubstance (caloric). By 1800 aU the experimental evidence was in, yet in 1870,some texts still retained caloric as aprefem:d theory over the mechanicalnature of heat and the kinetic theory of. . o.Just now in addition to the sub-surfaceturmoil in the physical sciences there isadded a problem of the a s s e ~ m e n t ofreports of a series of unusual physicalphenomena, and these phenomena do notfit into "Normal Science" any more thanthose outlined above in physics and astrophysics. So, attempt to understand thedilemma of the scientist as he readsabout, hears about, even perhaps observesUFOs. He is beset by fears of loss ofprestige and perhaps eventual loss ofresearch funds. Fo r the disposition ofthese rewards for years of patient studyare determined by senio r members of theprofession who are perforce ultraconservative, not prone to look with favor oncrackpot ideas, theories, or research proposals. Such is the dilemma of the scientist who is ge nuinely curious as to what isbeing observed by so many.

REFERENCESI. George Gamov: Thirty Yean ThatShook Physics. 1966, Doubleday, Anchor Science Study Series.2. Max Planck: Scientific Autobiography,Translation by F. Gaynor, 1949 (SeePP. 3334). Philosophical Library (N.Y.).3. T. S. Kuhn: The Structure o f Scien-tific Revolutions, Chicago UniversityPress, 1962. (Vol. II. No.2, International Encyclopedia of UniriedScience).

OUR APOLOGIESfor the la tenessof th i s issuean IDIl typeset t ing machinrefused to work properlyand then,the Editor became i l l.

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The A.P.R.O. Bulletin Jan-Feb 1972