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The Ancient TexansCh. 3, Section 1
I. Prehistory: the period of time before writing was developed
A. People first came to the Western Hemisphere 35,000 years ago.
B. Asians migrated across a land bridge, theBering Strait.
C. Why? hunting for food (followed the herds of animals) and warmer weather
D. Humans first reached Texas about11,500 years ago.
Early Native American Migration
E. Before written records were kept, how did people pass down their history to the next generation?
Stories & pictographs
Click here for online Pictograph Site
Era #1
Paleolithic (Stone Age)
15 to 8 thousand years ago
Leanderthal Lady: female remains found near Leander, Texas that are about 10,000 years old
Leanderthal Lady Link
Leanderthal Lady Link #2
Food
Mastadon
Mammoth
giant bison, rabbits, squirrels, birds
Prehistoric Mammals
Wooly Mammoth
www.sdnhm.org
www.prehistoriclifeafterkt.com
Wooly Mammoth
www.museum.state.il.us
Mastadon
www.prehistoriclifeafterkt.com
Mastadon
www.museum.state.il.us
How are Mastadons different from Wooly Mammoths?
• Mastadons are smaller in size.
• different tooth formation
• smaller, straighter tusks
Weapons & Tools
atlatl
Flint-tipped spears & darts
BPS Engineering Atlatl Web Site
World Atlatl Organization Web Site
Atlatl Web Site
Shelter
Caves (rock shelter) or out in the open
Nomadic or Settled
Nomadic and lived in small groups
Add to top of next era-- Midland Minnie: female remains found near Midland, Texas that are about 8,000 years old
Era #2
Nomadic or Settled
Archaic
8,000 years ago
Climate became warmer & drier.
Food
Hunted smaller game: buffalo, elk, bear, rabbits, squirrels, birds
Foraged: berries, nuts, seeds, roots
Buffalo Jump
Ice-age bison, such as this long-horned Bison latifrons, were twice as big as the bison (Bison bison) that live in South Dakota today. They died out about seven thousand years ago. Smaller bison took their place
Weapons & Tools
Tools
Axes, picks, drills, choppers, scrappers, and grinding tools
made of stone or bone
Shelter
Caves or out in the open
Decorated caves with pictographs
Nomadic or Settled
Nomadic: They would stay in one area longer, but they were always searching for food. They began to domesticate animals (dogs).
Rock Shelter
On ceiling of rock shelter
Era #3
Mesoamerican
1800-1900 years ago
(100 A.D.)
Food
Developed:
Peanuts, corn, tomatoes, beans, pumpkins, squash, cotton
Agriculture
Hunted: buffalo & turkey
Weapons & Tools
Developed: bow & arrow
Tools & Pottery
Shelter
Crude wood and stone houses
Nomadic or Settled
Settled in villagesMore complex society: workers, warriors, leaders, farmers
Why did this period (and all Prehistory in Texas)
end?
Spanish explorers arrived, and they kept written records
(journals)…ending
Prehistory.