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The American Economy Changes Focus
I. Service sectorA. Blue-collar vs. white-collar
B. Information industries
II. Trend/technology in farming
III. Franchise businessesI. Effects of franchises
IV.Multinational corporations
V. Conglomerates
VI.Change in per capita income
Technological Advances in the 1950s
A. Development of transistors for small radios, calculators, and computersA. Quicker for business
B. Medical Advances• 1954--Dr. Jonas Salk vaccine for
polio which in 1952 crippled thousands of children and killed 1,400– by 1960, polio almost gone
• antibiotics to fight cancer, diabetes, and heart diseaseled to longer life expectancy
C. Nuclear power could produce heat to create steam to turn turbines
– Shippingport, Pa—1st nuclear power plant in 1957
The Space Race
• What was Sputnik?• How did the United States respond
to the launching of Sputnik?• Cite evidence
10A. Progress Through Science10A. Progress Through Science
1951 -- 1951 -- First IBM Mainframe First IBM Mainframe ComputerComputer
1952 -- 1952 -- Hydrogen BombHydrogen Bomb Test Test
1953 -- 1953 -- DNADNA Structure Discovered Structure Discovered
1954 -- 1954 -- Salk VaccineSalk Vaccine Tested for Tested for PolioPolio
1957 -- First Commercial 1957 -- First Commercial U. S. U. S. NuclearNuclear Power Plant Power Plant
1958 -- 1958 -- NASANASA Created Created
1959 -- Press Conference of the 1959 -- Press Conference of the First 7First 7 American Astronauts American Astronauts
10B. Progress Through Science10B. Progress Through Science
1957 1957 Russians launch Russians launch SPUTNIK SPUTNIK II
10C. Progress Through Science10C. Progress Through Science
UFO SightingsUFO Sightings skyrocketed in the skyrocketed in the 1950s.1950s.
War of the War of the WorldsWorlds
Hollywood used aliens as a Hollywood used aliens as a metaphor metaphor
for whom for whom ????
Population Movements• Sunbelt grew faster than any Sunbelt grew faster than any
other region due to new jobs and other region due to new jobs and better climatebetter climate
• California had 10% of U.S. peopleCalifornia had 10% of U.S. people– Became most populated state Became most populated state
(1964)(1964)
• Blacks began heading north to Blacks began heading north to find more tolerance in job hiringsfind more tolerance in job hirings– By 1970 ½ of blacks live in northBy 1970 ½ of blacks live in north
• People were living longer due to better diets and medicine– Life expectancy reached 65 by 1950
from only 47 in 1900
– “senior citizens” made up 10% of U.S. population
Education• by 1960, 40% of college-age
attended college (15% in 1940)– National Defense Education Act--$1
billion in loans to high school and college graduates
• Focus on developing scientists and science teachers
Credit Cards• First developed in late 40s, but
became common in 1950s• Americans used to purchase new
consumer goods for their homes and items for their children
Automation• Machine-driven technology
• From 1947 to 19571.5 million factory workers (blue-collar) lost their jobs due to automation
• 1956—there were more white-collared jobs than blue-collared in the U.S.
• New automated devices: air conditioners, electric blankets, electric knives, electric toothbrush, washing machines, dryers, dishwashers, garbage disposals, pencil sharpeners, typewriters, and cash registersMANY MORE
Religion• church attendance rose from 50
million in 1940 to 80 million in 1958
• The belief is that Americans returned to Church as a response to the belief that communist were atheists
• Congress added “In God We Trust” to the dollar bill and “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance
• Televangelism becomes popular through television
8A. Religious Revival
8A. Religious Revival Today in the U. S., the Christian faith is back in Today in the U. S., the Christian faith is back in
the center of things.the center of things. -- -- TimeTime magazine, 1954 magazine, 1954
Church membershipChurch membership: : 1940 1940 64,000,000 64,000,000 1960 1960 114,000,000 114,000,000
Television PreachersTelevision Preachers: :
1. Catholic 1. Catholic Bishop Fulton J. SheenBishop Fulton J. Sheen “Life is “Life is Worth Living” Worth Living”
2. Methodist Minister 2. Methodist Minister Norman Vincent PealeNorman Vincent Peale The Power of Positive ThinkingThe Power of Positive Thinking
3. 3. Reverend Billy GrahamReverend Billy Graham ecumenical ecumenical message;message; warned against the evils of Communism. warned against the evils of Communism.
8B. Religious Revival
8B. Religious RevivalHollywoodHollywood: apex of the biblical : apex of the biblical
epics.epics.
It’s un-American to be un-religious!It’s un-American to be un-religious! -- -- The Christian CenturyThe Christian Century, 1954, 1954
The Robe The Ten Commandments Ben The Robe The Ten Commandments Ben HurHur 1953 1956 19591953 1956 1959