THE AGE OF JACKSON

Chapter 7.3

First 10 Presidents of the U.S.

1.George Washington2.John Adams3.Thomas Jefferson4.James Madison5.James Monroe6.John Quincy Adams7.Andrew Jackson8.Martin Van Buren9.William Henry Harrison10.John Tyler

Warm-up

1. What was a major consequence of the growing demand for cotton in the 1820s?

2. What did the Adams-Onis Treaty give the U.S.?

3. What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?

4. As the western territories grew larger and larger, and eventually applied for statehood, what major problem arose?

5. What was the Missouri Compromise?

Warm-up

1. What was a major consequence of the growing demand for cotton in the 1820s?

• The expansion of slavery in the South

2. What did the Adams-Onis Treaty give the U.S.?• Florida

3. What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?• Europe must stay out of the w. hemisphere

4. As the western territories grew larger and larger, and eventually applied for statehood, what major problem arose?

• Slavery—should new states be admitted as slave or free states?

5. What was the Missouri Compromise?• It preserved the free/slave balance by admitting Maine as a F.S. and

Missouri as a S.S.; outlined how future states would be admitted

Expanding Democracy Changes Politics

Tension Between Adams and Jackson

• In 1824, Andrew Jackson wins popular but not electoral vote

• Jacksonians claim Adams, Clay have struck a corrupt bargain• Jacksonians form Democratic Party, block Adams’s

policies

Democracy and Citizenship

• Most states ease voting qualifications; few require property• In 1828, numerous new voters help Jackson win

presidency

Jackson's New Presidential Style

Jackson’s Appeal to the Common Citizen

• Jackson claims he is of humble origins, though in reality is wealthy• says Adams is intellectual elitist

• Jackson wins 1828 presidential by landslide

Jackson’s Spoils System

• Jackson limits appointees to federal jobs to four year terms

• Uses spoils system (aka patronage) – replaces former appointees with own supporters, friends, relatives as reward for victory

• Friends become primary advisers dubbed “kitchen cabinet”

Removal of Native Americans

Indian Removal Act of 1830

• Whites want to displace or assimilate Native Americans

• Jackson: only solution is to move Native Americans off their land• thinks assimilation cannot work• too many troops needed to keep whites out of native lands

• Congress passes Indian Removal Act of 1830• Gave president power to exchange land with Natives; cannot

force relocation

• Jackson pressures some tribes to move, forcibly removes other

Removal of Native Americans

The Cherokee Fight Back

• Worcester v. Georgia – state cannot rule Cherokee or invade their land

• Some Cherokee try to continue court fight, minority favor relocation

• Federal agents sign treaty with minority; relocation begins• By 1838, 20,000 remain; President Martin Van Buren orders removal

The Trail of Tears

• Cherokee sent west on Trail of Tears; 800 mile trip made on foot

• Cherokee are robbed by government officials, outlaws; thousands die