The Age of JacksonChapter 10

Jacksonian Democracy•Section 1

Jacksonian Democracy•1820’s – 1830’s•Expanding democracy•More suffrage in some states•Nominating Conventions – party members

choose candidates instead of leaders

Election of 1828•Democratic Party formed – Jackson -

candidate•Rematch between Jackson and Adams

Campaign•Personality•Jackson – War hero•Adams – elite family

Jackson Wins•Spoils system: government jobs for

political backers•Kitchen Cabinet: group of trusted

advisers who met in the White House kitchen sometimes

Jackson’s Administration•Section 2

3 Regions•Northerners: supported tariffs•South: low tariffs for imports, slavery•West: cheap land, better roads

Tariff of Abominations•What southerners called Jackson’s plan to

raise tariffs•Helped Northerners•Sectional Divide

Nullification Crisis•John C. Calhoun•States’ Rights Doctrine: state power is

greater than federal power.•States can nullify federal law.•Sets off a states rights debate

The Hayne – Webster Debate•Robert Hayne – South Carolina•Daniel Webster – Massachusetts•1830Fierce debates on the Senate Floor over

states rights and the power of the national government

Jackson’s Response•Lowers tariffs•Concerned about the Southern Economy

South Carolina•Test State Rights•Nullification Act – declares 1832 tariffs

null and void.•Jackson – says the law will be enforced

even if he has to use the army•John C. Calhoun – makes compromise

gradually lowering the tariffs and South Carolina would enforce them

Jackson Attacks the National Bank•Vetos bill extending the 2nd national banks

charter•Congress could not override•Worried about inflation

Panic of 1837•Severe economic depression •Martin Van Buren - President•Whig Party – favored weak president and

strong congress•William Henry Harrison defeats Van

Buren in 1940.

Indian Removal•Section 3

Indian Removal Act•1830•All Native American must move west of

the Mississippi River.•Indian Territory: Oklahoma•Bureau of Indian Affairs: agency to

manage the removal of the Indians

Cherokee Resistance•Cherokee’s adopt contemporary culture.•Model government after U.S. government•Sequoya: creates their own writing

language

•Worcester v. Georgia: supreme court ruled that the Cherokee were a unique nation and that the laws of Georgia had no force over them. Only the federal government had power over them

•Georgia ignores the decision•Jackson does not enforce it•U.S. troops remove the Cherokees –

Georgia takes there land, businesses, and property

Trail of Tears•Forced 800 mile march •Cherokees•Hunger•Disease•1/4th died

Resistance•Black Hawk – leads the Fox and Sauk

Indians resistance in Illinois – ran out of supplies forced to move in 1850.

•Seminoles: Osceola leads resistance•Second Seminole War: Osceola captured

dies, small number resist successfully and their descendents are still in Florida.