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THE AFP IN A DEMOCRACY: PROTECTING HUMAN
RIGHTS
General Hermogenes C Esperon JrChief of Staff Armed Forces of the Philippines
National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances- Searching for Solutions
July 16, 2007
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
NEVER HAD AND NEVER WILL HAVE A POLICY OF
TARGETING CIVILIANS
IS STEADFAST IN ITS DUTY TO HELP ENSURE THAT THE
PHILIPPINES PROGRESSES INTO A PROSPEROUS DEMOCRACY
YOUR ARMED FORCES
AFP’S MANDATE
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
PROTECT THE PEOPLE, SECURE THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE
AND THE INTEGRITY OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY
AFP’S ROLES
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
ESTABLISH A PHYSICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY SECURE
ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PREVENT ARMED GROUPS FROM USING FORCE AGAINST
THE PEOPLE
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE CPP-NPA-NDF IS THE PRIMARY NATIONAL SECURITY THREAT
DECEPTIVE PARLIAMENTARYMEANS
CPP-NPA-NDF METHODS
USE OF FORCE AGAINST NON-COMBATANTS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
IRONICALLY, COMMUNISTS AND THEIR SUPPORTERS HAVE
ACCUSED THE GOVERNMENT ASPERPETRATORS OF KILLINGS
“FAULT-FINDERS”ADVANCE THEIR OWN AGENDA AND OBSTRUCT VICTIMS
SEEKING RECOURSE THROUGH THE LEGAL PROCESSES
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE MELO COMMISSION FOUND AS DEPLORABLE THE REFUSAL OF ACCUSERS
TO COOPERATE IN INVESTIGATIONS
FROM FACT-FINDING TO FINGERPOINTING
KARAPATAN AND BAYAN
IGNORES ATROCITIES OF THE CPP-NPA-NDF AGAINST INNOCENT CIVILIANS IN THE CPP’S SYSTEMATIC CAMPAIGN OF TERROR
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
EXCLUDED CASES (500)INCLUDE:
23 Abu Sayyaf Terrorists
17 Fictitious victims
5 Alive persons
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCE: PNP Task Force Usig (www.pnp.gov.ph)
VALID CASES
(TF USIG)
EXCLUDEDCASES
FOR VERIFICATION
59% 26%
15%
KARAPATAN’s 836 Incidents
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCES: PNP (www.pnp.gov.ph) as of Dec 2006
Task Force Detainees of the Philippines ( http://tfdp.net) as of Dec 2006,
Karapatan ( http://stopthekillings.org),
PDI (www..inquirer.net) as of July 2007
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
Of the 836 incidentsby KARAPATAN only 10 had evidence
6 Cases filed in Court Personnel charged:13 AFP, 1 CAFGU
2 Cases Dismissed
SOURCES: Karapatan (http://stopthekillings.org)
AFP Human Rights Office
Under Investigation- 4
Filed- 6
KARAPATAN’s 836 Incidents
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
WHY ARE THE 826 OTHER INCIDENTS NOT FILED IN COURT?
IF KARAPATAN BELIEVES IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS AND THE RULE OF LAWWE URGE THEM TO FILE CASES IN COURTS
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
Objectives:
• Discredit Government
• Undermine the AFP through Asymmetric Warfare
• Gain Support from the Populace
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
ARMED WARFARE AS THE CPP-NPA-NDF’S PRINCIPAL FORM OF STRUGGLE
COMPLEMENTED BY “LEGAL” AND“PARLIAMENTARY” EFFORTS
CPP’s Three Fighting Tasks
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
Further Strengthen the Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat
CPP’s Three Fighting Tasks
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
Expand and Intensify the Armed Revolution
CPP’s Three Fighting Tasks
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
Mobilize the People through the United Front
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
NTUB
NYSB
NPB
NWB
NGEB
NIPB
NTB
STRPCICRC CVRC CLRCMMRPC BRPC PRPC KR-SB KR-N EVRPC
SMRCNEMRC FSMR
IFCMFNDF SECT ALLIANCES
ANG BAYAN
NIB
NTrB
CPH
FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS
TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
ORDTRNG INTEL MED FIN
SOG
CCMA
REBOLUSYON
SCHOOLOF MAO ZEDONG
NCB
NCMRC
NATIONAL CONGRESS
CENTRAL COMMITTEE
POLITICAL BUREAU
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
GENERAL SECRETARIAT
NOD NED
NMC NUFC NProCIDNFC NPC
KOMMID
NMS
LOG INTEL OPNS SPT GRPMED
WMRPC
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
NTUB
NYSB
NPB
NWB
NGEB
NIPB
NTB
STRPCICRC CVRC CLRCMMRPC BRPC PRPC KR-SB KR-N EVRPC
SMRCNEMRC FSMR
IFCMFNDF SECT ALLIANCES
ANG BAYAN
NIB
NTrB
CPH
FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS
TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
ORDTRNG INTEL MED FIN
SOG
CCMA
REBOLUSYON
SCHOOLOF MAO ZEDONG
NCB
NCMRC
NATIONAL CONGRESS
CENTRAL COMMITTEE
POLITICAL BUREAU
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
GENERAL SECRETARIAT
NOD NED
NMC NUFC NProCIDNFC NPC
KOMMID
NMS
LOG INTEL OPNS SPT GRPMED
WMRPC
SOURCE: Philippine Revolution Web Central, www.philippinerevolution.net
NTUB
NYSB
NPB
NWB
NGEB
NIPB
NTB
STRPCICRC CVRC CLRCMMRPC BRPC PRPC KR-SB KR-N EVRPC
SMRCNEMRC FSMR
IFCMFNDF SECT ALLIANCES
ANG BAYAN
NIB
NTrB
CPH
FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS
TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
ORDTRNG INTEL MED FIN
SOG
CCMA
REBOLUSYON
SCHOOLOF MAO ZEDONG
CCMA
REBOLUSYON
SCHOOLOF MAO ZEDONG
NCB
NCMRC
NATIONAL CONGRESS
CENTRAL COMMITTEE
POLITICAL BUREAU
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
GENERAL SECRETARIAT
NOD NED
NMC NUFC NProCIDNFC NPC
KOMMID
NMS
LOG INTEL OPNS SPT GRPMED
WMRPC
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE CPP-NPA-NDF
FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS
TERRITORIAL COMMITTEES
MMCRPC
MMCRPC
METRO MANILA COMMUNIST REGIONAL PARTY COMMITTEE
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
TEACHERSKatipunan ng mga Gurong Makabayan (KAGUMA)
WOMEN Makabayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA)
PEASANTSPambansang Katipunan ng Magbubukid (PKM)
STUDENTS/YOUTHKabataang Makabayan (KM)
LABOR ORGANIZATIONSKatipunan ng mga Samahang Manggagawa (KASAMA)
TRADE UNIONSRebolusyonaryong Kongreso ng Kilusang Unyon (RKKU)
TARGET SECTORUNDERGROUND ORGANIZATION
Revolutionary Organization of Lumads (ROL)
Moro Resistance and Liberation Organization (MRLO)
Cordillera People's Democratic Front (CPDF)
Liga ng Agham para sa Bayan (LAB)
Artista at Manunulat ng Sambayanan (ARMAS)
Lupon ng Manananggol para sa Bayan (LUMABAN)
Makabayang Samahang Pangkalusugan (MSP)
Christians for National Liberation (CNL)
Makabayang Kawaning Pilipino (MKP)
CPP UNDERGROUND ORGANIZATIONS
INDIGENOUS GROUPS
MORO GROUPS
INDIGENOUS GROUPS (CORDILLERA)
SCIENTISTS
ARTISTS AND WRITERS
LAWYERS
HEALTH
RELIGIOUS SECTOR
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
CPP-NPA-NDF’S CURRENT PROPAGANDA BLITZ FIT INTO EFFORTS TO DEMONIZE THE AFP
TARGETING THE AFP WHICH IS THE GREATEST HINDRANCE TO
THE CPP’S GOAL
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE AFP DOES NOT STIFLE PRINCIPLED CRITIQUE FROM SECTORS OF SOCIETY.
THE CPP-NPA-NDF UNDERMINES DEMOCRACY BY NOT RENOUNCING THEIR
ARMED STRUGGLE.BANTAY LAYA 2 DOES NOT TARGET CIVILIANS
“ENEMIES OF THE STATE” ARE THOSE WHO SUBSCRIBE TO VIOLENCE
AND VIOLATE STATE SOVEREIGNTY.
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE AFP DETERMINES ORGANIZATIONS ASCPP FRONTS BASED ON FACTS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
CPP UNITED FRONT FOR
ARMED REVOLUTION
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
Total NPA Liquidations: 1,312
SOURCE: AFP Statistics
48.7%
6.3% 8.3%5.6%
31%CIVILIAN
SACTIVE
AFP/PNP
RETIRED AFP/PNP
GOVERNMENT
OFFICIALS
FORMER CPP/NPA/NDF
COLD-BLOODED MURDERS DISGUISED AS “REVOLUTIONARY JUSTICE”
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
CONRADO BALWEGNPA Commander,Cordillera
POPOY LAGMANMRRC SecretaryCC Member
ROMULO KINTANARNPA ChiefCC Member
SOTERO LLAMASBRPC SecretaqryCC Member
CPP/NPA leaders denounced and
killed as “traitors”
ARTURO TABARAViscom SecretaryCC Member
DEC 1999 FEB 2001 JAN 2003 SEP 2004 MAY 2006
issued by the CPP Central Committee
on 7 April 2006
26
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
“OPLAN BUSHFIRE”
“As we execute these special operations, we shall accuse and hold responsible the Arroyo regime for the killings and persecution of members of our legal organizations…”
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
Plaza Miranda Bombing
Initially attributed to the Philippine government
Eventually proven to beperpetrated by CPP-NPA-NDF
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
POLITICAL WARFARE BY THE CPP-NPA-NDF
“Kampanyang Ahos”
Killed 900 cadres in Mindanao
Admitted by the CPP afterseveral years
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
CONTINUES ITS EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE ISSUE OF KILLINGS
IS RESOLVED
IS STEADFAST IN RESPECTING EVERY CITIZEN’S RIGHT TO LIFE
YOUR ARMED FORCES
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
AFP COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
AFP BEARS THE BRUNT OF THE COST IN LIVES IN PROTECTING OUR CITIZENS
Soldiers are the firstto shed blood to protect the people
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
AFP BEARS THE BRUNT OF THE COST IN LIVES IN PROTECTING OUR CITIZENS
7 Soldiers killed in Abra protecting the democratic process
14 Marines killed inTipo-tipo, Basilan
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
AFP BEARS THE BRUNT OF THE COST IN LIVES IN PROTECTING OUR CITIZENS
AFP/PNP Personnel killed:
1,234
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
BEYOND THE TOLL IN LIVES ARE THE ORPHANED CHILDREN AND WIDOWS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
HOW MANY MORE LIVES ARE WE WILLINGTO LOSE BEFORE WE TAKE ACTION?
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
Existing policies within the AFP
Requiring AFP personnel to obtain clearances from the Commission on Human Rights
Including human rights modules in AFP training programs/courses
Promulgating clear rules of engagement
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
ABUSES BY MILITARY PERSONNEL ARE ADDRESSED BY THE MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE AFP DOES NOT CONDONE ABUSES MADEBY ITS OFFICERS AND PERSONNEL.
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
Establishment of the AFP Human Rights Office
Works for the improvement of existing internal mechanisms in protecting human rights
Promotes the importance of human rights within the AFP
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
Command Responsibility
Commanders are tasked to:
Take into custody erring personnel
Arrest and confine offenders
Determine the administrative liabilities of personnel
Commanders are required to deliver AFP personnel to civilian authorities
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
“Accountability or responsibility of the commander of a Military Force or Unit for the acts of his men, inclusive of the authority to order, to direct,
to prevent or control the acts of his men”
THE AFP MAY CONVENE A GENERAL COURT MARTIALTO INVESTIGATE AFP PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN
THE KILLINGS
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE AFP DOES NOT CONDONE ABUSES MADEBY ITS OFFICERS AND PERSONNEL.
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
REPUBLIC ACT 7055
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
SINCE 1991, AFP PERSONNEL CHARGED WITH CRIMINAL OFFENSES
UNDER THE REVISED PENAL CODE ARE TRIED IN CIVILIAN COURTS.
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
ARTICLE OF WAR 75
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
REQUIRES COMMANDING OFFICERS TO DELIVER AFP PERSONNEL TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES OR
AID IN APPREHENDING AND SECURING THE ACCUSED PERSONNEL
AFP’S COMMITMENT TO HUMAN RIGHTS
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
THE AFP WILL FULLY COOPERATE WITH FACT-FINDING BODIES
CREATED BY PROPER AUTHORITIES
RECOMMENDATIONS
Aggrieved parties should file cases in court
Cause-oriented groups should help victims seek recourse through the justice system instead of blaming the AFP
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
ANCHORED ON FOLLOWING DUE PROCESS ANDRESPECTING THE RULE OF LAW
The AFP in a Democracy: Protecting Human Rights
LET THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM TAKE ITS PROPER COURSE
LEST WE FORGET, EVERY PERSON HAS A RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS
THE ACCUSED, EVEN A SOLDIER,IS PRESUMED INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY
THE AFP IN A DEMOCRACY: PROTECTING HUMAN
RIGHTS
General Hermogenes C Esperon JrChief of Staff Armed Forces of the Philippines
National Consultative Summit on Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances
July 16, 2007