The 6 Nutrients

Monosaccharaides Single sugar units, like glucose, fructose and

galatose bonded together. Disaccharides

Two sugar units, these split into monosaccharides during digestion.

Polysaccharides Many sugar units, broken down also. Starch is

an example of this in grain products. This is the best, why?

Simple Carbs: High in simple sugars, the wrong sugars Ex: soft drinks and candy This is the Mono and Di

Complex Carbs: High in fiber and starch Natural sugar Breads, pastas, vegetables and fruits

Produce Energy Spare Protein Break down Fats Provide bulk in diet

Half the calories of fat Pasta is good and potatoes and rice are

good, it is what you put on top off them that then makes it a bad starch to eat.

Yes it is, so brush your teeth regular Drink lots of water. Watch out for chewy foods.

Review on page 89: 2,4,6,8,10

Define the following: Lipids: Triglycerides: Fatty Acids Saturated Fatty Acids Unsaturated fatty acid: Monounsaturated fatty acid: Polyunsaturated fatty acid: Trans-fatty acid:

Most of the time your body can make up the fatty acids needed for normal growth except for two: Linoliec: Linolenic:

You MUST get these from your diet If you do not the skin, liver and kidneys can be

effected. Is like a blanket around your skin Vitamins A,D,E, and K

Age: Increases with age, most after 65. Gender: Male at greater risk, menopause protects women because of

the hormone change. Race: African Americans twice as likely. Family History: If one or more have had heart disease your risk

increases. Smoking High-blood Pressure: Before age 55, because heart is

blocked from tar so blood and veins work harder to pump blood to heart.

High Blood Cholesterol: AKA: hypertension: normal reading is 120/80mm of mercury. At risk if the number goes above 140/90mm.

Diabetes: damages and blocks blood vessel with fat. Excess Weight: Need to burn off the fat, but if you are consuming

more fat than needed it makes blood vessels loose elasticity and harder for blood to pump as fast around the body.

Inactivity: So your heart is more inactive and has to try harder to pump and work as you get older.

Stress and Personality: over reactors, impatient, competitive, easily irritable, negative people.

Your lifestyle choices greatly impact if you will get cancer.

Fruits and Veggies can help protect you. Being active

Invisible fats? So, make diet changes Read labels

Review page 108: 2,4,5,6,8,9,12

It is an energy yielding nutrient Nitrogen is what makes protein different

from other nutrients. Denaturation: molecules changing shape

and take on new characteristics. For example: eggs

Build and Maintain tissues To form structures 50% muscles

Regulate Mineral and Fluid Balance

Maintain Acid-base balance Carry vital substances Provide energy

A vitamin is: essential nutrient meaning life. Helps regulate the body. They are vital to health and wellness They help with:

Nutrient metabolism Energy production and release Tissue maintenance Normal digestion Infection resistance

Need: For growth and maintenance and reproduction, if you are sick, growing

Deficiency: Insufficient amount: people in poverty, food rich in them to

expensive, pregnant women Too Much or it moves to quickly through your body as you get

older. You can tell this is happening by diarrhea Vitamin A: blindness (leading cause in children), dry or scaly skin,

fatigue Vitamin D: get enough calcium, bones and tissues and muscles

deteriate. Vitamin E: Enhancing athletic performance, reduce the signs of

aging, but not supported. Vitamin K: To help clot and helps stop bleeding, need bacteria to

stop this deficiency so newborns are at the most risk and it can cause Jaundice (yellow skin) and brain damage.

Vitamin C: makes collagen, Scurvy is the most common deficiency.

Needed if your diet is not rich enough in vitamins, which many Americans is not so it is best to take one to help protect yourself.

Smokers loose a lot so need to take one.

Review page 148: 1,3,5,6,7,8,15,17

Macro: need a lot of Micro: need, but in small amounts Look at fig 9-2 They help promote:

Helping enzymes complete chemical reactions Becoming part of body components Aiding normal nerve functioning and muscle

contraction Promoting growth Regulating acid-base balance in the body Maintaining body fluid balance

Breaking of bones, mainly in the wrists and hips.

You can also loose teeth and spine starts to compress and crush lower bones.

50% of females 65 and older suffer from this disease.

Why? Smaller bones, more fragile, pregnancy and breast feeding, live longer, menopause or if you suffer from amenorrhea (what is this?)

Page 170 questions: 2,3,4,16

We cannot survive without water. We can survive at least 8 weeks without food,

but we need water within a few days. 70% water in our bodies Regulates body temperature You can get water from foods (fig-10-4)

Need water everyday to stay healthy, but it is possible to drink too much, causes to loose electrolytes, and not enough cause dehydration, and cotton mouth.

Loose water as you sweat, breath, move, bowel movements and wastes.

Illness needs lots of fluids, why? Exercise needs lots of water, why?

Review page 182: 1,2,3,5,7,8,9 Nutrient label activity Food lab on nutreints