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The Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution
What does the term “amend”
mean?
The Bill of Rights• First ten amendments to the United States
Constitution
• Introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789
• Came into effect on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified by three‐fourths
of the States
• Thomas Jefferson was the main proponent of the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights foundationsThe Bill was influenced by George
Mason's 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, the 1689 English Bill of
Rights, works of the Age of Enlightenment pertaining to natural
rights, and earlier English political documents such as Magna Carta
(1215).
James Madison
Thomas Jefferson
Necessary for the new government?• Madison proposed the Bill of Rights while
ideological conflict between Federalists
and anti‐Federalists
threatened the overall
ratification of the new national Constitution
• It largely responded to the Constitution's influential opponents, including prominent
Founding Fathers, who argued that the Constitution should not be ratified because it
failed
to protect the basic principles of human liberty
Federalists• Men and women who supported the
ratification of the US Constitution
• Favored a strong
and central government
• Believed that a federal government would provide stability
and protection
to the fledgling nation
• Were opposed
by the Anti Federalists
Anti Federalists
• Feared
a large strong central government
• Believed in self‐determination
• State and individual rights should be first, not the rights of a large
government
• Ultimately compromised on the Constitution because of the Bill of Rights
The First Amendment
to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of
Rights that expressly prohibits the United States Congress from making laws:
• Prohibit the free exercise of religion• Laws that infringe the freedom of
speech• Infringe the freedom of the press• Limit the right to peaceably assemble• Limit the right to petition the
government for a redress of grievances
The Second Amendment
to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of
Rights that declares:
• “a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free
State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be
infringed.”
• This is the most hotly contested of the Amendments
The Third Amendment
to the United States Constitution prohibits:
• In peacetime, the quartering
of soldiers in private homes without
the owner's consent
• It makes quartering legally permissible
in wartime only
• And then only in accordance with law
The Fourth Amendment
to the United States Constitution which:
•Guards against unreasonable searches and seizures• It was ratified as a response to the abuse of the writ of assistance
The Fifth Amendment
of the United States Constitution protects:
• Against abuse of government authority in a legal procedure
• Its guarantees stem from English common law which
trace back to the Magna Carta in 1215
The
Sixth Amendment
to the United States Constitution sets forth rights:
• Related to criminal prosecutions in federal courts
• The Supreme Court has applied the protections of this
amendment to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's
Due Process Clause
The Seventh Amendment
of the United States Constitution codifies the right to:
•A jury trial in certain civil trials
The Eighth Amendment
to the United States Constitution which prohibits:
• The federal government from imposing excessive bail
• Excessive fines• Cruel and unusual punishments
• The phrases employed are taken from the English Bill of Rights of
1689
The Ninth Amendment
to the United States Constitution
•Addresses rights of the people that are not specifically spelled out in the Constitution
The Tenth Amendment
of the United States Constitution
• The Tenth Amendment restates the Constitution's principle of
Federalism by providing that powers not granted to the
National government nor prohibited to the states are
reserved to the states and to the people