The 20th century and the world today

8/2/2019 The 20th century and the world today.

1/20

Haga clic para modificar el estilo de subttulo delpatrn

4/15/12

THE 20TH

CENTURY ANDTHE WORLD

TODAY.


2/20

4/15/12

CONFLICTS IN THE 20TH AND 21STCENTURIES

THE TWO WORLD WARS.

They were differentbecause:

o They involved severalcontinents.o New and extremelydestructive weapons.

o Many civilians werekilled.


3/20

4/15/12

First World War (1914-1918): Tanks, planes and poison gas. About 10 million people died.

Large areas of Europewere devastated.

Second World War (1939-1945): Many European cities were

bombed. USA dropped two atomic

bombs on Hiroshima and

Nagasaki. More than 50 million people

died. Many were left without homes

or jobs. Nazis killed millions of Jews in


4/20

4/15/12

Wars today affect the poorest population. Many thousand people suffer from theconsequences of war: destruction, hunger,poverty and death.

CONFLICTSTODAY


5/20

4/15/12

Created to maintaininternational peace and topromote internationalcooperation.

There are 192 members.In 1948 they issued theUniversal Declaration of

Human Rights: 30 articles thatlist the fundamental rights ofall human beings, regardless ofrace, colour, sex, religion orlanguage.

UNITED NATIONS


6/20

4/15/12

King Alfonso XIII - Second Republic Spanish Civil

War (1936-1939): Nationalists against Republicans Franco Dictatorship Juan Carlos I.

SPAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY.


7/20

4/15/12

Democracy didnt exist.

Parliament was closed down. Political parties and trade unions (except FalangeEspaola) were prohibited. People who opposed Franco were persecuted andimprisoned.Many had to go into exile.

The Franco

Dictatorship.


8/20

4/15/12

Transition to

Democracy. Political parties and unions were legalized. Political prisoners were set free. Exiles were able to return. A democratic constitution was approved (1978).


9/20

4/15/12

DEMOCRATIC SPAIN.

Parliamentary Monarchy. The sovereignty belongs to the people. All Spanish citizens over 18 can vote in elections.

Fundamental rights, freedoms and equality beforethe law.

Spanish constitution


10/20

4/15/12

King: head of state. Represents Spain. Help the functioning of

the other governmentalinstitutions.

Cortes generals (parliament):

legislative power. Chamber of Deputies and

Senate. Elected every four years

in the general elections. Make and pass laws,monitor the government

and vote on the nationalbudget.

Institutions of the spanish state


11/20

4/15/12

Government: executive power. Make sure that the laws are obeyed. Manage the various functions of the

government. Judges and courts of law: judicial power.

Make sure that individuals and institutions obeythe laws.


12/20

4/15/12

Make certaingovernmentaldecisions at aregional level.

17 autonomouscommunities and 2autonomous cities.

They have theirown governmentand Statute ofAutonomy.

AUTONOMOUS REGIONS


13/20

4/15/12

THE EUROPEANUNION.Promote the economic and social development

of its members and protect the rights of all itscitizens.


14/20

4/15/12

The European parliament: Representatives elected by the people. It makes laws.

The European Commission: President and commissioners. Environment and education.


15/20

4/15/12

The European Council: Presidents, prime ministers and governmentministers.

European policy.

The Court of Justice: Make sure that European laws are obeyed.


16/20

4/15/12

PROGRESS AND INEQUALITY INTHE 20TH CENTURY

Advances in scienceand technology havedeveloped

communications andtransport.

Progress in medicineand hygiene haveincreased life

expectancyand declined infantmortality.

Wealthy countriesenjoy a varied diet,


17/20

4/15/12

Consumer societyencouragesconsumers to

purchase productsby making themappear desirable.

Social inequality:many countries donot have access tobasic necessities

(food, clean water,housing and medicine).

Ecological problems:pollution, natural

resources used up.


18/20

4/15/12

20TH CENTURYART. Many artists reacted to the events.

Some expressed protest through their art. Others used it to express peoples suffering.


19/20

4/15/12

Architecture: New industrialconstruction materials:

reinforced concrete,aluminium, steel andglass.

Buildings designed for

peoples needs(function).Sculpture: Simplified and

distorted shapes. Used different

materials: iron, plastic,recycled waste.

Created objects thatdid not look like the

real world.


20/20

4/15/12

Painting: Experimented with shapes and colours and

tried

to express their feelings. Cubists: Picasso and Juan Gris (took apartobjects),

Salvador Dal (distorted human figures) andJoan Mir

(created a personal world with bright coloursand

simple shapes).

Documents

The 20th century and the world today