THE 1970 BIRTH COHORT - cls.ucl.ac.uk · information was passed to the community nursing aervlce of the AHA In wh~ch the FPC was located, and the local health vlsltors personally

THE 1970 BIRTH COHORT

DATA DEPOSITED WITH THE

ESRC DATA ARCHIVE

(D) 5-YEAR FOLLOW-LIP:

MATERNAL SELF-COMPLETION

QUESTIONNAIRE

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY:

INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL

BRISTOL


5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

MATERNAL SELF-COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE

DESCRIPTION OF DATA DEPOSITED

WITH THE ESRC SURVEY ARCHIVE

BY

DIVISION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH


Address for correspondence:

Dr. J. GeldingDepartment of Child HealthRoyal Hospital for Sick ChildrenSt. t4~chael’s HI1lBristol. BS2 8BJ

CONTENTS

I REASONS FOR THE 5-YEAR SURVEY

Trac~ng the children

Data collection

1. The Maternal Self-completionQuestlonnalre

2. The Home Interview Questlonnalre

3. Test Booklet

4. The Developmental Hlgtory Schedule

Admln~stratlon

Non-response

References

Publlcat~ons using these data

ProJecta In hand

II DESCRIPTION OF DATA FORMAT

The data file

Coding

No . of caaea

Layout of tables

Matching files

III DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA

The Data

SectIon 1: Child’s Behavlour

Section 2: Mother’s Health

SectIon 3: Oplnlons

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V1

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XIV

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XIV

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3

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19

IV THE QUESTIONNAIRE

1

PART I . REASONS FOR THE 5-YEAR SURVEY

The purpose of the 5-year survey waa to review andevaluate pre-school health, care and education aervlcesthroughout Brltaln as experienced by the cohort of children bornduring the week 5-11 April 1970.

The main flndlngs from the survey are publlshed in tworeporta covering the aoclal (Osborn, Butler and Morris, 1984) andhealth (Butler and Gold~ng with Hewlett, 1986) aspects of thechlldren~s llves. The followlng notes on the survey methods areextracted from the report by Osborn, Butler and Morr~s (1984)from which further details can be obtained.

~T acln

The children In England and Wales were traced throughthe cooperation of the registration dlvlslon of the ReglatrarGeneral’s OffIce (RGO), the Nat~onal Health Service CentralRegister (NHSCR) and Fam~ly Practltloner Committees (FPCS). TheRGO produced a computer llstlng of every child whose date ofbirth was registered as occurring during the week 5-11 April1970. Using the details provided by the RGO the NHSCR was thenable to ldentlfy the Area Health Authority (AHA) In which eachchild was last registered with a NHS general practitioner. TheNHSCR could also say If a child had gone abroad, was registeredwith a Service Medical Officer, I.e. If the father waa a memberof the HH Forces, or had died, In which case a copy of the deathcertificate waa supplled, Using the NHS number provided by theNHSCR, Family Practltloner Committees could plnpolnt the homeaddress of children who had not emigrated or died. Thisinformation was passed to the community nursing aervlce of theAHA In wh~ch the FPC was located, and the local health vlsltorspersonally approached the famllles In quest~on, Invltlng them toparticipate In the study. This procedure ensured thatInformation confidential to the health authorities such as thehome address of the study child was not disclosed to the researchteam unless the parents had agreed to take part.

A slmllar procedure was adopted in Scotland, butbecause the admlnlstratlve structure was sllghtly different, theScottish NHSCR waa provided with the names of the children whohad taken part In the Brltlsh Births (1970) study. They addedthe child’s NHS number and located the Health Board In which thech~ld was last registered with a NHS general practitioner.Admlnlstrators of Primary Care In each Health Board used thisinformation to ldentlfy each child’s home address which wascommunicated to the health vlsltors who then lnvlted the parenta’partlclpatlon.

The whereabouts of children of servicemen who wereregistered with a Service Medical Officer were determined withthe help of the Service Ch~ldren’s Education Authority. Thisgroup Included 64 children of service famllles who wereInterviewed by nurses of the Soldlers, Sailors and AirmenFamllles Assoclatlon (SSAFA) In West Germany, Malta, Gibraltarand Singapore. These children were Included In the surveybecause they were members of the Brltlsh Births cohort and

11

although they were overseas In 1975 were llkely to return toBritain and be Included In future follow-ups of the cohort.

These methods of tracing depended entirely on theavallablllty of information obtained at the time of thechildren’s birth. Thus children who were born outside GreatBrltaln but were realdent here In 1975 could not be traced Inthis way. Health Vlsltors located some of these children byscanning child health records for children born during the studyweek, but Immigrant children were inevitably under-represented Inthe sample. The NHSCR could provide no Information aboutchildren who were adopted for reasons of confldentlallty. Someadopted children were located from child health records, but~nformatlon obtained on these children at age five could not bellnked with that obtained at birth because of the lack ofnecessary Information concerning their orlg~ns.

The cohort size In 1975 was estimated to be 16,284children. Of these 13,135 (60.7%) were successfully traced andinterviewed on or shortly after their fifth birthdays In April1975. This was considered to be a reasonable response rateconsidering the difficulty of tracing children In the preschoolperiod.

Data collection

Four research documents were used In the five-yearsurvey. These were.

1. Maternal Self-completion Questlonnalre2. Home Interview Questlonnalre3. Test Booklet‘i. Developmental History Schedule

These documents were designed to obtain different typesof information.

1. The Maternal Self-completion Queatlonnalre (MSQ) wasdealgned for completion by the mother herself. This was donemainly to reduce the effect of interviewer bias In completing theattitudinal data. However, this also served to reduce theduration of the home Interview. More than half the mothers(56.4%) completed the MSQ out of the presence of the healthvlsltor and a further 28.1% completed It unaided during thehealth vlsltor’s vlslt. The health vlsltor’s help was needed byonly 15.5% of~ the mothers, some of whom had difficulty In readingor required an Interpreter. The MSQ contained questlOnsconcerning the child’s behavlour at home and maternal depression.These were based on the Rutter A Scale of behavloural, devianceand the Malalse Inventory (Rutter et al., 1970). There were alsoforty-three attitudinal items designed to ellclt attitudestowards child rearing, maternal employment, television vlewlngand hospital vlsltlng.

2. The Home Interview Questlonnalre (HIQ) was admlnlatered byhealth vls~tors who carried out the Interviews In the children’sown homes. Usually the Interviewee was the mother (92.3X).Relatively few fathers were present at interviews (7%). Fewer

111

than 1% of the Interviews were carried out with persons otherthan the ch~ld’s parents. Many questlona in the HIQ had precededresponse categories where a flnlte number of responses could beanticipated. Other questions were of the open-ended type whichrequired responses to be written down. This approach was usedwhere the potential range of responses was unknown In advance.Replles to open-ended questions were coded according to schemesdevised by scrutlnlslng a thousand randomly selectedquestionnaires.

3. Test Booklet (TB) was administered by the health vlsltorduring her vlslt to tbe child at home.

4. The Developmental Hls.tory Schedule (DHS) was designed toobtain information from child health records. Details ofdevelopmental screening throughout the preschool period wereobtained by reference to child health cllnlc and health vls~torrecords where these were available. The number of mlsslngrecords, however, make these data of limlted use, and they arenot deposited in the ESRC archives.

Admlnlstratlon

To achieve a reasonable degree of consistency in themanner In which lntervlew and tests were carried out nationally,a comprehensive set of explanatory notes was prepared for thehealth vlsltor interviewers. In addltlon, brleflng ❑eetings wereheld at regional centres throughout Brltaln. Crltlclsm of thedeployment of health vlsltors aa survey Interviewers (Newson,1970, P.19) 1s totally misplaced In atudlea of this type(Douglas, 19’76, PP.11-13). Nearly half the famllles In thisstudy were known to the health vlaltor Interviewers throughprevious professional contact. Health vlsltors are seen by themothers as medical workers with a legitimate Interest in allaspects of the children’s health, development, social and familycircumstances. Health vlsltors also had access to child healthrecords which provided an important additional source ofInformation on the early health surveillance of these children aswell as the means of tracing additional children born In thestudy week.

The main period of data collection took place over SIXmonths In 1975, during which time Information was obtained on 95%of the traced sample (Figure 1). Thus, Inferences can be madeabout children aged between five and five and a half years. Thesame statistical considerations apply to this sample aa to thatof the National Child Development Study. David et al., 1972, p216 and Prlngel et al., 1966, p 10, concisely summarise theseconslderatlona.

Cumulativepercentage

iv

MONTH OF COMPLETION OF HOME

100 I

INTSRVIEW QUESTIONNAIUE

Total N = 12,937

Date of Interviewnot known = 198

Total asaple = 13,135

Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Ott Nov Dec Jan-July1975 1976

Month of completmn

Non-resDOnse

There are basically two types of non-response whichhave been termed speclflc and gross non-response. Speclflc nOn-response occurs where reapondents cooperate In the study but fallto complete every part of lt and results In some questions havinga PrOPOrtlOn of ‘not stated’ responses. Some questlona In thepresent study were affected more by speclflc non-response thanothers. For example, information about the parental sltuatlonwas obtained on every child, but information about the father’sexperience of any unemployment was not available for over 30% ofthe children. The maJorlty of variables, however, had a apeclflcnon-response rate of under 5%.

Groes non-response was due to cohort members beingcompletely mlsslng from the survey. The two main causes of grossnon-response were failure to trace children born In the studyweek and unwillingness on the part of some famllles to cooperatein the study. The total gross non-response rate was only a fifth(19.3%) of the estimated sample .Ize despite the difficulty oftrac~ng the children before they had all entered Infant school.Assessment of bias waa tackled In two ways: firstly, comparisonof birth characteristics of those followed up with those who werenot, revealed no social class differences, and no aex

v

differences. Children born to teenage mothers, those of highparity, those who were heavy smokers were somewhat less llkely tobe contacted. This difference was relatively small. Thestrongent bias, however, concerned a failure to trace thechildren of mothers who were single, separated, widowed ordivorced at the time of birth (Butler & Goldlng 1986). 8econdly,It was decided to trace and obtain llmlted Information about thechildren who were mlased in the 1975 study in order to checkwhether these differed In any important respects from those whowere successfully traced and Interviewed. This additional surveytook place just two years later, when the children were seven.

There was llttle regional or social class varlatlon Intrace rates. Nevertheless, factors more directly related to theproblems of tracing and lntervlewlng cohort members, such asgeographical moblllty and family dlsruptlon, proved to be moreImportant considerations (Osborn, Butler & Morris, 1984). Higherproportions of children In the 1975 survey were llvlng with theirnatural parents.

Children of ethnic mlnorltlea were more dlfflcult totrace, especially If they had come Into Brltaln since the time oftheir birth. Intervlewlng dlfflcultles, especially where therewere language differences, further Increased the risk of bias Inthe study. The 1975 survey found 92.3% of the children were withparenta who were both of UK orlgln, I.e. not members of an ethnicmlnorlty, but In the 1977 study of children missed In 1975 thisfigure was down to 84%.

Famllles which are geographically mobile are expectedto be dlfflcult to trace and this factor could have been a maJorreason why some famllles were not traced In time for the 1975survey.

Even with this sizable difference between the childrenIn the two survey, however, the relatively large size of thesample Interviewed In 1975 compared with the 1977 sample meansthat any b~as resultlng from the loss of ch~ldren In mobilefamllles w1ll be trlvlal for analyses Involvlng the whole 1975survey sample. Analysls carried out on a sub-sample of highlymobile children (I.e. those who moved more than twice In fiveyears), however, would be very prone to error because over afifth (22.9%) of this group were untraced for the 1975 survey.Comparisons were made In terms of overcrowding (persons per roomratio), and avallablllty of four basic household amenltles(kitchen, bathroom, Indoor lavatory and hot water supply). Theobserved differences were so small that statistical slgnlflcancewas achieved for only two of the five housing Indicators -crowding and avallablllty of a kitchen. These items suggestedthat the 1975 sample had a sllght excess of children In poorhousing cond~tlons. The differences, however, were notsufficient to create a bias In the 1975 sample.

The likelihood of bias resultlng from mlsslng data 1sdiscussed in more detail In Osborn, Butler & Morris (1984).

V1

Referenc~

Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B. and Qulnton, D., 1977, Biasresultlng from mlsslng lnformatlon, Brltlsh Journal ofPreventive and Social Medlclne, 31, 131-6.

Davle, R., Butler, N.R. and Goldsteln, 1972, From Birth to Seven,a report of the National Child Development Study, London:Longman.

Douglas, J.W.B., 1976, The use and abuse of national cohorts, InShlpman, M. (cd.), The Organlsatlon and Impact of SocialResearch, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 3-21.

Evans, R. and Sparrow, H. , 1975, Trenda in the assessment ofearly childhood development, Child” Care Health andDevelopment, 1, 127-41.

Goodenough, F. , 1926, Measurement of Intelligence By Drawings,New York” Harcourt, Brace & World.

Harrla, D.B., 1963, Children’s Drawings as Measures ofIntellectual Maturity, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

Koppltz, E.M., 1968, Psychological Evaluation of Children’s HumanFigure Drawings, New York: Grune & Stratton.

Newson, J. & E., 1970, Four Years Old In an Urban Community,Harmondsworth. Penguin.

OffIce of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1970, Classlflcatlonof Occupation, London” HMSO.

Osborn, A.F. and Carpenter, A,P., 1980, A rating of nelghbourhoodtypes, Clearlng House for Local Authority Social ServicesResearch, 3, 1-37, Blrmlngham: Unlverslty of Birmingham.

Prlngle, M.K., Butler, N.R. and Davle, R. , 1966, 11,000 Seven-year olds, London Longmans.

Scott, L.H., 1981, Measuring Intelligence with the Goodenough-Harrls drawing test, Psychological BulletIn, 89 (3), 483-505.

V1l

List of Dub~ona from the Child Health and on Stutijnvolv~ da ta from the 5-9ear sweep as at November 1989

Books and monograph

Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J, with Hewlett, B.C. (eds) 1986From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behavlour ofBritain’s Five year olds.Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Oaborn, A.F. and Butler, N.R. 1985Ethnic Mlnorlty Children. A Comparative Study from Birth to FiveYears. London: Commlsslon for Racial Equallty.

Oaborn, A.F., Butler, N.R. and Morris, A.C. 1984The Social Life of Brltaln’s Five Year Olda, A report of theChild Health and Education Study. London: Routledge and KeganPaul .

Oaborn, A.F. and Mllbank, J.E, 1987The Effects of Early Education. A report from the Child Healthand Education Study of children In Brltaln born 5-11 April 1970.Oxford: Clarendon Press.

St. Clalre, L. and Osborn, A.F. 1987The ablllty and behavlour of childrenseparated from their parents. ReportSoc~al Research Council. Early ChildVolume 28, Number 3 - Monograph.

Chapters In books

Atkinson. S. and Butler. N.R. 1985

who have been ‘In care’ orfrom the Economic andDevelopment and Care

Vlslon problems in under 5’s. The At-Risk Infant:Psycho/Soczo/Medical Aspects. Harel, S. and Anastaslon, N.J.(eds.). London: Paul Brookes Publlshlng Co.

Butler, N,R. 1977Family and community Influences on O-5’s; utlllsatlon ofpreschool day-care and preventive health care. 0-5’s: A ChangingPopulation, Impllcatlons for Parents, the Publlc andPollcymakers. Papers from a seminar of Inatltute of ChildHealth, Unlverslty of London, 20 May 1977. VoluntaryOrganlsatlons’ Llalson Council for Under Fives; pp 30-82.

Dowllng, S.F.O. 1977The lnterrelatlonshlp of children’s use of child health cllnlcsand day-care facllltles ~n the preschool years. O-5’s: A ChangingPopulation; Impllcatlona for Parents, the Publlc andPollcymakers. Papers from a aemlnar of Institute of Child Health,Unlveralty of London, 20 May 1977, Voluntary Organlaatlons’Liaison Council for Under Flvea; pp 63-67.

Viii

Evana, J-A. 1989Long-term associations between parental smoking and childdevelopment. In ‘The needs of parents and lnfanta: proceedingsof a sumpoalum. Cambridge: The Health Promotion Research Trust,pp 19-27.

Goldlng, J. 1986Child Health and the Environment. Brltlsh Medical Bulletln. 42:pp 204-211.

Goldlng, J. 1986Cross-cultural correlates of Ill-health in childhood In: TheHealth and Development of Chzldren. Mllea, H.B. & StIll E (eda)Drlffleld, Humberslde. Nafferton Books, pp 53-63.

Goldlng, J. 1989Illegltlmate births: Do they suffer in the long term?In: Early Influences Shaping the Indlvldual. Doxladls, S. &Stewart, S. (eds). New York: Plenum Press.

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1983Convulsive disorders In the Child Health and Education Study.Research Progress In Epilepsy. Cllfford Rose, F. (cd) London.Pltman Press. PP 60-70.

In:

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1984Wheezing and stress? Stress and Dlsablllty In Childhood: Thelong-term problems. Butler, N.R. and Corner, B.D. (eds.).Bristol: Wright, pp 87-99.

Pollock, J. 1989Health behavlour of women and long-term asaoclatlons In theirchildren. In ‘The Needs of Parents and Infants: proceedings of asymposium: Cambridge: The Health Promotion Research Trust pp 7-18.

Stewart-Brown, S. 1986Visual defects in school children. Screen~ng PO1lCY andeducational Impllcatlons. Progress In Child Health,Volume 3.Macfarlane, J.A. (cd.). London. ChurchIll Llvlngstone.

Verity, C.M. and Ross, E.M. 1985Longltudlnal studies of children’s epilepsy. In PaedlatrlcPerapectlves on Epilepsy. Ross, E and Reynolds, E (eda)Chlchester. Wiley pp 133-140,

Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S.. and Taylor, B. 1984The role of national longitudinal studies in the predictionof health, development and behavlour. Monltorlng Child Health Inthe United States: Selected Issues and Pollcles. Walker, D.K. andRichmond, J.B. (eds.). Cambridge, Masaachuaetta: HarvardUnlverslty Press PP 63-83.

1x

Articles in journals

Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Goldlng, J., Wadaworth, M.E.J.Acute appendlcltls and bathrooma In three samples of Brltlshchildren. Brltlsh Medical Journal 1988; 296: 956-8.

Baumer, J.H., Wadsworth, J. , Taylor, B.Family recovery after death of a child. ArchIves of Disease inChildhood 1988; 63: 942-47.

BiJur, P.E., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M. 1988Persistence of occurrence of InJury: Can lnJurles ofpreschoolers predict lnJurles of school age chlldren~Pedlatrlcs 82: 707-712.

BIJur, P.E., Goldlng, J., Kurzon, M. Childhood accidents, familysize and birth order. Social Science and Medlclne 1988; 26:839-843.

BIJur, P.E., Stewart-Brown, S. and Butler, N.Child behavior and accidental InJury In 11,966 preschoolchildren. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1986;140.487-92.

BIJur, P., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M., Kurzon, M. 1988Behavloural predictors of InJury In school-age children.American Journal of Diseases of Children 142: 1307-1312.

Burnell, I. and Wadsworth, J.Home truths. One-Parent Times. 1982; 8:8-12,

Butler, N.R.Child Health and Education In the Seventies: some results on the5 year follow-up of the 1970 Brltlsh Births Cohort. HealthVlsltor 1980, 53:81-82.

Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M. and Stewart-Brown, S.Recent flndlngs from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study(Section of epidemiology and community medlc,ne meeting held 11February 1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medlclne. 1982;75 781-4.

Emend, A. , Gold~ng, J. , Peckham, C. 1989Cerebral palsy In two national cohort studies. ArchIves ofDisease In Childhood 64. 848-852.

Goldlng, J.Accidents In the under fives. Health Vlsltor. 1983; 56:293-4.

Goldlng, J. and Fedrlck, A.Infant sleeplng dlfflcultles and subsequent development.Health Vlsltor 1986; 59:245-6.

Goldlng, J. and Fogelman, K.Are Brltaln’s children getting healthlerqPaedlatrlc Reviews and Communlcatlons 1989: 3: 235-245.

x

Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.J.What else do SIDS risk prediction scores predlct~ Early HumanDevelopment 1985; 12:247-260.

Gelding, J. & Peters, T.J. The epidemiology of ch~ldhood eczema:I. A population based study of associations. Paedlatrlc hPerlnatal Epldemlology 1987; 1:67-79.

Goldlng, J. and Porter, C.National cohort studies - the facts about Brltaln’s children,Health Vlsltor 1982; 55:639-43.

Haalum, H.N.Length of pre-school hospltal~satlon, multl-admissions and latereducational attainment and behavlour. Child Care, Health andDevelopment 1988; 14. 275-91.

Neusplel, D.R., Rush, D., Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J., BIJur, p.E.and Kurzon, M.Parental smoking and post-infancy wheezing In children: aprospective cohort study. American Journal of Publlc Health,1989; 79:1-4.

Osborn, A.F.Maternal employment,depresslon and child behavlour. EqualOpportunltles Commlsslon Research Bulletln 1984; 8:48-67.

Osborn, A.F.Assessing the soclo-economic status of famllles. Sociology

1987, 21:429-448.

Osborn, A.F.Early Starters. Child Education 1987; 64:10-12.

Park, E.S., Goldlng, J., Carswell, F. and Stewart-Brown, S.Preschool wheezing and prognosis at 10. ArchIves of Disease InChildhood 1988; 61:842-646.

Peters, T.J. & Goldlng, J. The Epldemlology of Childhood Eczema:II. Statlstlcal analyses to ldentlfy Independent earlypredictors. Paedlatrlc & Perlnatal Epldemlology, 1987; 1:80-94.

Petera, T.J., Goldlng, J., Lawrence, C.J., Fryer, J.G.,Chamberlain, G.V.P. and Butler, N.R.Delayed onset of regular respiration and subsequent development.Early Human Development 1984; 9.225-39.

Peters, T. , Harragln, R. and Gelding, J.Does delayed onset of regular respiration matter? Health VIsltor1985; 58.255-256.

Stewart-Brown, S.Spectacle prescribing by optlclans. Brltlsh Journal ofOphthalmology, 1986, 70:933.

x1

Stewart-Brown, S., Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J. and BIJur, P.Caae deflnltlon In childhood accident studies: a vital factor Indetermining results. International Journal of Epldem~ology 1986;15: 352-359,

Taylor, B.Social factors and related Influences on lower respiratoryIllness of early childhood. Respiratory Disease In Practice 1984;1:30-5.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Breaatfeedlng and child development at five years. DevelopmentalMedlclne and Child Neurology. 1984, 26:73-80.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Maternal amoklng during pregnancy and lower respiratory tractIllness In early llfe. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1987,62:786-791.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. and Butler, N.R.Teenage mothering: admlsslon to hospital and accidents duringthe first five years. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1983;58:6-11.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breast feeding, bronchitis and admissions for lower respiratoryIllness and gastroenterltls during the first five years.Lancet 1982, 1 1227-9.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler. N.R.Breastfeedlng, eczema, asthma and hay fever. Journal ofEpldemlology and Community Health 1983; 37:95-99.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. , Wadaworth, M. and Peckham, C.Changes In the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the1939-45 war. Lancet 1984, 11.1255-7.

Tlssler, G.Bedwettlng at five years of age. Health Vlsltor 1983; 56:333-5.

Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R. and Goldlng, J.Febrile convulsions In a national cohort followed up from birth.I: Prevalence and recurrence In the first five years of llfe.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985; 290:1307-10.

Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R. and Goldlng, J.Febrile convulsions In a national cohort followed up from birth.II-Medical history and Intellectual ablllty at 5 years of age.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985; 290:1311-15.

Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.Family type and accldenta In preschool children. Journal ofEpldemlology and Community Health 1983; 37”100-104.

Wadsworth, J. , Burnell, I., Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.The Influence of fam~ly type on children’s behavlour anddevelopment at five years. Journal of Child Psychology andPsychiatry 1985, 26:245-254.

Xll

Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B., Osborn, A.Teenage mothering: child developmentChild Psychology and Psychiatry 1984;

Reports

B1.lur, P.E.

and Butler, ti.R.at five years. Journal of25:305-14.

The Relatlonshlp Between Child Behavlour and Accidentsto Five: A Multlvarlate Analysls of a National Cohort.Thesis, Columbla Unlvers~ty,New York. 1984.

from BirthPh.D.

Butler, N.R., Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Teenage Mothering. Report to the Department of Health and SocialSecurity. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Bristol.1981.

Goldlng, J., Hicks, P. and Butler, N.R.Eczema In the First Five Years. Report to the National EczemaSociety. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Bristol.1982.

Goldlng, J., Hewlett, B.C. and Butler, N.Il.Immunlsatlon ReactIons and Long-term Follow-up. Report to theDepartment of Health and Social Security. Department of ChildHealth, Unlverslty of Bristol. 1981.

Haslum, M.N.Some orlglns of handicap and disadvantage In young children.Report to Action Research for the Crippled Child. Department ofChild Health, Unlverslty of Bristol. 1978.

Osborn, A.F.Preschool Education In Brltaln. Report to the Leverhulme TrustFund. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Bristol. 1980.

Osborn, A.F.Reslllent Children: A Longltudlnal Study of High AchlevlngSocially Disadvantaged Children. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Br~stol. 1988.

Osborn, A.F.Maternal Employment, Depression and Child Development.Report to the Economic and Social Research Counc~l, 1989.

Peters, T.J.A Statlstlca~ Investlgatlon of Risk Ind~cators for PerlnatalOutcome and Early Child Development. Ph.D. Thesis. Unlvers~ty ofExeter. 1985.

St Clalre, L. and Osborn, A.F.Ablllty and Behavlour of Children In Care or Separated fromParents. Report to the Economzc and Social Research Council.Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Bristol. 1985.

Thomas, P. , Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.Delayed Attendance for Antenatal Care. Report to the HealthPromot~on Trust. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty ofBristol. 1986.

X111

Letters to Journals

Goldlng, J., Butler, N.R. and Taylor, B.W.Breast feeding and eczema/asthma, Lancet 1982; 1: 623.

Petera, T.J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breast-feeding and childhood eczema, Lancet 1985; 1:49-50.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Rlslng lncldence of eczema. Lancet 1985 1:464-465.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Young mothers and their children. Lancet 1983, 1:928-929.

~ o.lec a 1 s at Octobe 19 9

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

The effects of social and educational change on behavlour Inmid-childhood (A.F. Osborn).

Regional varlatlon In morbldlty and health behavlour (J.Poilock).

Accidental lnJurles

Convulsive disorders

J. Goldlng).

(C. Verity).

The long-term effects of paaslve smoking (J-A Evans).

Immunlsatlon: Benefits and costs (J. Pollock).

Maternal health behavlour and long-term effects on the child(J. Pollock).

Pre-term dellvery and child health and development(T. Shenton).

Child health and development after pregnancies complicatedby pre-eclampsla (P. Thomas).

XIV

PART II. DESCRIPTION OF DATA FORMAT,

The data file

This 1s set up In SPSS(X) format.

Coding

Throughout the followlng standard codes have been used:

-1 not applicable (I.e. the queatlon IS notrelevant to this child)

-2 not known (I.e. the question may berelevant but the answer wasspecifically stated to beunknown)

-3 not stated (I.e. no answer was given)

Number of cases

In all, there are 13,135 cases on file.

Layout of tablea

Details are given for each variable on the file In thepages that follow.

First the actual question 1s quoted verbatim from thequestlonnalre, but It 1s advisable also to refer to thequestionnaire reproduced at the end of this document.

The code, frequency (i.e. no of children with thatcode) and percentage (out of 13,135) are then given for all non-continuous variables.

Matching files

This should be done only using the KEY variable.

1


THE DATA

KEY

All mothers in the birth survey have a key number In therange 000010 to 164112, If born In Great Brltaln, and In therange 200000 to 206212 If born In Northern Ireland. Childrenwho were not In the Birth Survey but Included In the 5 yearsurvey have key nos In range 300000 - 399999. Note thatmultlple births have the same first 5 dlglts but can bedlstlngulshed using the last dlglt

DO02 Singleton or twin

Value Frequency Percent

Singleton o 12885 98.11st twin 1 125 1.02nd twin 2 125 1.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

(NB. This refers only to twins where both twins survived. ForIdentlflcatlon of twins where only 1 survived l~se the last dlgl+of the KEY variable or EOO1)

DO03 Child’s sex

Boy 1 6808Girl 2 6327

-------

Total 13135

DO05A Regional Health Authority

Northern 1 799Yorkshire/Humberslde 2 928Trent 3 1096East Anglla 4 495NW Thames 5 718NE Thames 6 782SE Thames 7 799SW Thames 8 582Wessex 9 589Oxford 10 536South West 11 712West Midlands 12 1419Mersey 13 690North West 14 1032Wales 15 748Scotland 16 1166Overseas 17 64

--------

51.848.2

-------

100.0

6.17.18.33.85.55.86.14.44.54.15.4

10.85.37.95.78.9.5

.-------

Total 13135 100.0

2

The regional classification 1s that used by the OPCS andcomprises the followlng Area Health Authorltles. Regions areonly occaalonally Identical with Regional Health Authorltles.

North: Cleveland, Cumbrla, Durham, Gateshead, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, North Tyneslde, Northumberland, South Tyneslde, Sunderland.

Yorkshire k Humberslde. Humberslde, North Yorkshire, Bradford,Calderdale, Klrklees, Leeds, !lakefleld$ Barnsley, Doncaster,Rotherham, Sheffield.

North-West: Bolton, Bury, Cheshire, Lancashire, Liverpool,Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, St. Helens and Knowsley, Salford,Sefton, Stockport, Tameslde, Wlgan, Wlrral.

East Midlands: Derbyshire, Lelcestershlre, Llncolnshlre,Nottlnghamshlre, Northamptonshlre.

West Midlands: Blrmlngham, Coventry, Dudley, Hereford andWorcester, Salop, Sandwell, Sollhull, Staffordshlre, Walsall,Warwlckshlre, Wolverhampton.

East Anglla: Cambrldgeshlre, Norfolk, Suffolk.

South-East: Barking and Haverlng, Barnet, Bedfordshlre,Berkshire, Brent and Harrow, Bromley, Camden and Isllngton, Cityand East London, Croydon, Eallng, Hammersmlth and Hounslow, EastSussex, Enfleld and Harlngey, Essex, Greenwich and Bexley,Hampahlre, Hertfordshlre, Hllllngdon, Isle of Wlght, Kenalngton,Chelsea and Westminster, Kent, Kingston and Richmond, Lambeth,Southwark and Lewlsham, Merton Sutton and Wadsworth,Oxfordshlre, Redbrldge and Waltham Forest, Surrey, West Sussex.

South-West Avon, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Gloucesterhlre,Somerset, Wlltshlre.

DO05B Standard region

NorthYorkshire & Humbers~deNorth WestEast MidlandsWest MidlandsEast AngllaSouth EastSouth WestWalesScotlandOverseas

1 7992 12803 17224 8855 14196 4957 35828 9759 748

10 116617 64

------- .

Total 13135

6.19.7

13.16.7

10.83.8

27.37.45.78.9.5

,------

100.0

3

SECTION 1: CHILD’S BEHAVIOUR

Question 1: Below zs a list of minor health problems whichmOst children have at some time. Please tell ushow often each of these happens with your child byputting a cross In the box which beat describesthis .

Complalns of headaches

DO06 Headaches

‘lot stated -3 687 5.2‘{ever In the last 12 mOnth~ 1 8105 61.7Less than once a month 2 3584 27.34t least once a month 3 603 4.6At least OIICe a week 4 156 1.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

‘.omplslna of stomach-ache or haa vomited

1)007 Stomach-ache or vomits

‘lot stated -3 632 4.8‘lever In the last 12 months 1 5153 39.2less than once a month 2 6122 46.6/,t least ~n~e a mOnth 3 905 6.9Al. least once a week 4 323 2.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

‘omplalns of blllou~neas

1,()(38 Blllousness

tlr,t ~t~ted -3 1195 9.1IImver In the last 12 mOnth~ 9754 74.3I~.ss than once a month ; 1951 14.9‘~l least once a month 3 197 1.5‘j! least once a week 4 38 .3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

4

Has temper tantrums (that 1s, complete loss of temper withshouting, angry movements, etc. )

DO09 Temper tantrums

Not stated -3 811 6.2Never In the laat 12 months 1 7248 55.2Less than once a month 2 2265 17.2At least once a month 3 1223 9.3At least once a week 4 1588 12.1

.------ -------

Total 13135 100.0

Most children go through “dlfflcult” stages. Please show byputting a cross In the correct boxes whether or not your childhas any of the followlng dlfflcultles at the present time.Please anawer every questxon.

Question 2: Does your child have any sleeplng dlfflculty~

DOlO Sleeplng difficulty

Not gtated -3 96 7No 1 9768 74:4Yes-mild 2 2908 22.1Yes-severe 3 190 1.4Yes-NEC 4 173 1.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

If yes, which of the followlng dlfflcultles does he/she have?

DO1l Dlfflculty “qettlng off to sleep”

Not stated -3 46 4Yes 1 1155 8:8No 2 11934 90.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D012 “Waking during the night”

Not stated -3 46 ,4Yes 1 1413 10.8No 2 11676 88.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

5

D013 “Waking early In the morning”

Not stated -3 46Yes 1 940No 2 12149

-------

Total 13135

D014 “Nightmares or night terrors”

Not stated -3 46Yea 1 649No 2 12440

-------

Total 13135

D015 “Sleepwalking”

Not statedYesNo

.47.2

92.5-------

100.0

.44.9

94.7------.

100.0

-3 46 .41 97 72 12992 98:9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

QuestIon 3: Does child ever wet the bed at nlghta?

D016A Weta bed at night

Not stated -3 90 7No 1 10206 77:7Yes 2 2839 21.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

If ~, 1S lt:

D016B Frequency of bed wetting

Very occasionally (less than 1once a week)Occasionally (at least 2once a week)Most nights 3Every n~ght 4Not stated how often 5Not known to wet the bed 6

Total

1411 10.7

510 3.9

554 4.2356 2.7

8 110296 78;4

------- -------

13135 100.0

6

Queatxon 4: Does child ever wet his/her pants in the daytlme~

DO17A Daytime wetting

Not stated -3No 1Yes 2

Total

D017B If ~, 1S lt

Very occasionally (less than 1once a week)Occasionally (at least 2once a week)Most days 3Every day 4Not stated how often 5Not known to wet pants 6

Total

87 .711731 89.3131’7 10.0

------- -------

13135 100.0

1002 7.6

184 1.4

88 .740 .33 .0

11818 90.0------- -------

13135 100.0

QuestIon 5: Does child SO1l or ever make a mesa In his/herpants9

D018A Solllng

Not stated -3 84 .6No 1 12494 95.1Yes 2 557 4.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D018B If ~, 1S lt

Very occasionally (lessonce a week)Occasionally (at leastonce a week)Most daysEvery dayNot stated how oftenNot known to wet pants

than 1 407 3.1

2 63 .6

3 43 .34 20 25 4 :06 12578 95.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100,0

‘7

Que.stlon 6: Does child have any eating or appetite problems?

D019 Eating or appetite problems


Not stated -3 96 7No 1 8299 63:2Yes-mild 2 4368 33.3Yes-severe 3 270 2.1Yes-net 4 102 .8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D020 Not eat~ng enough

Not stated -3 56 .4Yes 1 1520 11.6No 2 11559 88.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D021 Overeating

Not statedYesNo

D022 Faddlness

Not statedYesNo

-3 56 41 144 1:12 12935 98.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

-3 56 .41 3149 24.02 9930 75.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D023 Other eating problems

Not statedYesNo

-3 56 .41 155 1.22 12924 98.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

8

Queatxon 7: Does child attend school, nursery school,playgroup or anything llke that?

D024A Child attends school

Not stated -3 118 0.9No 1 1877 14.3Yes 2 11140 84.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

If ~, has helshe had tears on arrlvalq

D024B Tears on arrival

Not stated -3 118Not applicable -1 1o11No 1 10129Yes once or twice a week 2 1078Yes every day 3 573Yes-no information 4 226

-------

Total 13135

.97’.7

77.18.24.41.7

-------

100.0

QuestIon 8. Below 1s a series of descriptions of behavlouroften shown by children. After each statement arethree columns “Doesn’t apply”, “Applles somewhat”,and “Certainly applles”. If your child definitelyshows the behavlour described by the statement puta cross In the box under “Certainly applles”. Ifhe/she shows the behavlour described by thestatement but to a lesser degree or less often,place a cross under “Appllea somewhat”. If, asfar as you are aware, your child does not show thebehav~our, place a cross under Doesn’t apply”.

Very restless. Often running about or Jumping up and down.Hardly ever still.

D025

Not statedDoesn’t applyApplles somewhatCertainly applles

-3 150 1.11 4040 30.82 5193 39.53 3752 28.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

9

. .1s aqulrmy or rldgety

D026

Not stated -3 243Doesn’t apply 1 7317Applles somewhat 2 4083Certainly applles 3 1492

-------

Total 13135

Often destroys own or others’

D027


belongings

-3 1581 99982 24373 542

-------

Total 13135

Frequently fights with other children

D028

Not stated -3 144Doesn’t apply 1 6280Applles somewhat 2 4161Certainly applles 3 550

-------

Total 13135

Not much llked by other children

D029

Not stated -3 173Doesn’t apply 1 12199Applles somewhat 2 580Certainly appllea 3 183

-------

Total 13135

Often worried, worries about many thlnga

D030

Not stated -3 169Doesn’t apply 1 8445Appl~es somewhat 2 3809Certainly applles 3 ’712

-------

Total 13135

1.955.731.111.4

-------

100.0

1.276.118.64.1

-------

100.0

1.163.031.74.2

-------

100.0

1.392.94.41.4

-------

100.0

1.364.329.05.4

-------

100.0

10

Tends to do things on hls own - rather solitary

D031

Not stated -3 175 1.3Doesn’t apply 1 7123 54.2Applles somewhat 2 4642 35.3Certainly applles 3 1195 9.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Irr~table. Is quick to “fly off the handle”

D032


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Often appears miserable, unhappy, tearful or distressed

D033


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Sometimes takes things belonglng to others

D034


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Has twitches, mannerisms or tics of the face or body

D035

Not stated -3 171 1.3Doesn’t apply 1 12467 94.9Applles somewhat 2 401 3.1Certainly applles 3 96 .7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

11

Frequently sucks thumb or finger

D036

Not stated -3Doesn’t apply 1Applles somewhat 2Certainly applles 3

Total

Frequently bites nails or fingers

D037

Not stated -3Doesn’t apply 1Applles somewhat 2Certainly applles 3

Total

Is often disobedient

D038

Not ststedDoesn’t applyApplles somewhatCertainly sppllea

129 1.09235 70.31549 11.82222 16.9

------- -------

13135 100.0

134 1.09262 70.52262 17.21477 11.2

------- -------

13135 100.0

-3 151 1.11 3950 30.12 7797 59.43 1237 9.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Cannot settle to anything for more than a few momenta

D039

Not stated -3 152 1.2Doesn’t apply 1 8491 64.6Applles somewhat 2 3587 27.3Certainly appllea 3 905 6.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Tends to be fearful or afra~d of new things or new altuatlons

D040


-----.- -------

Total 13135 100.0

12

Is fussy or over particular

D041


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Often tells llea

D042

Not statedDoesn’t applyAppllea somewhatCertainly applles

Bullles other children

D043


-3 144 1.11 8577 65.32 4124 31.43 290 2.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

-3 135 1.01 10984 83.62 1821 13.93 195 1.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

The Rutter score, devised to Indicate the overall behavlour ofthe children IS described In D119.

13

SECTION 2: MOTHER’S HEALTH

Many mothers find caring for their new children dlfflcult lftheir own health la not very good. Listed below are a number ofcommon symptoms that mothers often describe to doctors. We wouldllke you to say lf these happen to you by putting a ring roundYes or No.

Do you often

D044

Not statedYesNo

have backache?

-3 175 1.31 4346 33.12 8614 65.6

-------

Total 13135

Do you feel tired most of the tlmev

D045

Not stated -3 207Yes 1 3908No 2 9020

-------

Total 13135

Do you often feel miserable or depressed?

D046

Not stated -3 257Yes 1 4273No 2 8605

-------

Total 13135

Do you often have bad headaches?

D047

Not stated -3 209Yes 1 4018No 2 8908

-------

Total 13135

-------

100.0

1.629.868.7

-------

100.0

2.032.565.5

-------

100.0

1.630.667.8

-------

100.0

14

Do you often get worried about thlngsv

D048


Not statedYesNO

-3 224 1.71 7213 54.92 5698 43.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you usually have great difficulty falllng asleep or stayingasleep?

D049

Not stated -3 182 1.4Yes 1 1815 13.8No 2 11138 84.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you usually wake unnecessarily early In the mornlnge

D050

Not stated -3 183 1.4Yes 1 1603 12.2No 2 11349 86.4

-----.- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you wear yourself out worrying about your health?

D051

Not stated -3 187 1.4Yes 1 843 6.4No 2 12105 92.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you often get Into a violent rage?

D052

Not stated -3 205 1.6Yes 1 1882 14.3No 2 11048 84.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

15

Do people often annoy and lrrltate you?

D053

Not stated -3 216 1.6Yea 1 4587 34.9No 2 8332 63.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Have you at times had a twltchlng of the face, head or shoulderav

D054

Not statedYesNo

-3 184 1.41 729 5.62 12222 93.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Do you often suddenly become scared for no good reason?

D055

Not statedYesNo

Are you scared to be alone

D056

Not statedYesNo

-3 1981 14232 11514

-------

Total 13135

when there are no

-3 1961 13112 11628

-------

Total 13135

Are you eaally upset or lrrltated?

D057

Not stated -3 230Yea 1 5460No 2 7445

-------

Total 13135

1.510.887.7

-------

100.0

friends near you?

1.510.0

68.5-------

100.0

1.841.656.7

-------

100.0

16

Are you frightened of going out alone or of meeting people~

D058

Not stated -3 197 1.5Yea 1 1164 8.9No 2 11774 89.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Are you constantly keyed up and Jlttery~

D059

Not statedYesNo

-3 235 1.81 1325 10.12 115’75 88.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you suffer from lndlgestlonv

D060

Not statedYesNo

-3 187 1.41 1715 13.12 11233 85.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you often suffer from an upset stomach?

D061

Not stated -3 194 1.5Yes 1 1288 9.8No 2 11653 88.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Is your appetite poor?

D062

Not statedYesNo

-3 186 1.41 834 6.32 12115 92.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

17

Does every llttle thing get on your nerves and wear you out?

D063

Not stated -3 227 1.7Yes 1 1423 10.8No 2 11485 87.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Does your heart often race like mad?

D064

Not stated -3 201 1.5Yes 1 1819 13.8No 2 11115 84.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Do you often have bad pains In your eyes?

D065

Not stated -3 200 1.5Yes 1 1426 10.9No 2 11509 87,6

------- ------.

Total 13135 100.0

Are you troubled with rheumatism or flbroa~tls~

D066

Not stated -3 213 1.6Yes 1 1631 12.4No 2 11291 86.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Have you ever had a nervous breakdown

D067

Not stated -3 206 1.6Yea 1 590 4.5No 2 12339 93.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

18

Do you have any other health problems worrying you?

D068

Not statedYesNo

-3 357 2.71 1559 11.92 11219 85.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

The Malalse score based on the above items IS described In D122,

19

SECTION 3: OPINIONS

This section asks for your oplnlon about a wide range ofsubJects. Please give your own oplnlons and do not worry aboutwhat others may think. There are no “correct” anawers to thequestions. We expect you w1ll agree with some statements anddisagree with others.

Please try to answer every one, but lf you do not understand astatement leave It out.

Question 1: Women need something more from llfe than they canget by Just looking after the home and children

D069

Not stated -3 190 1.4Strongly agree 1 6371 48.5Mildly agree 2 5008 38,1Cannot say 3 491 3.7Mildly disagree 4 656 5.0Strongly disagree 5 419 3.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 2. Such actlvltles as palntlng and playlng shouldtake second place to teaching reading andarithmetic In Infant schools

D070

Not stated -3 199 1.5Strongly agree 1 3277 24.9Mildly agree 2 4036 30.7Cannot say 3 521 4.0M~ldly disagree 4 2839 21.6Strongly dlaagree 5 2263 17.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Question 3: Glrla should accept the fact that they w1ll marryand have children and not think about atartlng acareer

D071

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot sayMildly disagreeStrongly disagree

-312345

Total

185 1.4668 5.1606 4.6470 3.6

1939 14.89267 70.6

------ -------

13135 100.0

20

Queatlon 4: Strictly disciplinedthe best adults

D072

Not stated -3Strongly agree 1Mildly agree 2Cannot say 3Mildly d~sagree 4Strongly disagree 5

Total

children

20217942736298632802137

-------

13135

rarely grow up to be

1.513.720.822.725.016.3

-------

100.0

Question 5: Young children who never see children’s T.V. missa lot which 1s of value

D073

Not stated -3 182 1.4Strongly agree 1 4378 33.3Mildly agree 2 5449 41.5Cannot say 3 648 4.9Mildly disagree 4 1846 14.1Strongly d~sagree 5 632 4.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 6: It’s best not to vlslt children under five Inhospital because It 1s too upsetting for the child

D074

Not stated -3 1s2 1.4Strongly agree 1 652 5.0Mildly agree 2 872 6.6Cannot say 3 1064 8.1Mildly disagree 4 1498 11.4Strongly disagree 5 8867 67.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 7. Women should have the same work opportun~tles asmen

D075


-312345

Total

18272533255609

1049787

-------

13135

1.455.224.84.68.06.0

------.

100.0

21

QuestIon 8: If a child la often allowed to have hia own waywhile he 1s young he will be uncontrollable later

D076

Not stated -3 166Strongly agree 1 5174Mildly agree 2 4481Cannot say 3 797Mildly disagree 4 1707Strongly disagree 5 810

------- .

Total 13135

Queatlon 9: A person who does not1s to be admired

D077

Not stated -3Strongly agree 1Mildly agree 2Cannot aay 3Mildly disagree 4Strongly disagree 5

Total

Queatlon 10: Things

D078


should be made

-312345

Total

1.339.434.16.1

13.06.2

-------

100.0

let othera stand

220 1.71968 15.03589 27.31565 11.93096 23.62697 20.5

------- -------

13135 100.0

in h~s way

easier for unmarried mothers

181 1.44553 34.74261 32.41614 12.31530 11.6996 7.6

------- -------

13135 100.0

QuestIon 11: Increases In vandallsm and delinquency are largelydue to the fact that children nowadays lack strictdlsclpllne

D079

Not stated -3 194 1.5Strongly agree 1 5763 43.9Mildly agree 2 4357 33.2Cannot say 3 893 6.8Mildly disagree 4 1227 9.3Strongly disagree 5 701 5.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

22

QuestIon 12: Children should not be allowed to talk at the mealtable

D080


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 13: Children under five should always accept whattheir parents say as being true

D081

Not stated -3Strongly agree 1Mildly agree 2Cannot say 3Mildly disagree 4Strongly disagree 5

Total

200 1.53617 27.53523 26.8674 5.1

3039 23.12082 15.9

------ -------

13135 100.0

QuestIon 14: Mothers need a break from the~r children from timeto time during the day

D082

Not stated -3 178Strongly agree 1 7124-Mildly agree 2 4535Cannot say 3 277Mildly disagree 4 636Strongly disagree 5 385

-------

Total 13135

1.454.234.52.14.82.9

-------

100.0

Queatlon 15: T.V. 1s a useful way of keep~ng the childrenamused

D083


-3 1821 26452 74063 3404 15425 1020

-------

Total 13135

1.420.156.42.6

11.77.8

-------

100.0

23

Question 16: It is unreasonable to expect hospitals to upsettheir routine by allowing unlimited visiting inchildren’s wards

D084


------- -

Total 13135

1.720.421.610.O17.326.6

,------

100.0

Queatlon 17: Parents should treat young children aa equals

D065


Total

22126693653714

32572601

-------

13135

1.720.527.85.4

24.819.8

-------

100.0

QuestIon 18: Young children pick up a lot of bad habits fromT.V.

D066

Not stated -3 191 1.5Strongly agree 1 2771 21.1’Mildly agree 2 4766 36.4Cannot say 3 903 6.9Mildly disagree 4 3206 24.4Strongly d~sagree 5 1278 9.7

---.--- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 19: One of the things parenta must do la sort outtheir ch~ldren’s quarrels for them and decide who1s right and wrong

D087


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

24

Question 20: Some equallty In marriage 1s a good thing but byand large the husband ought to have the main aay-so In family matters

D088


-3 191 1.51 3681 28,02 3560 27.13 423 3.24 2158 16.45 3122 23.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Question 21: Nothing 1s worse than a person who does not feel agreat love, gratitude, and respect for h~a parents

D089


-3 2211 47822 30943 13644 23415 1333

-------

Total 13135

1.736.423.610.417.810.1

-------

100.0

QuestIon 22: Unquestlonlngyoung child

D090


obed~ence 1s not a good th~ng In a

-3 296 2.31 4020 30.62 4672 35.63 1036 7.94 2045 15,65 1066 8.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

25

QuestIon 23: The State should open more day nuraerlea so as tomake it eaaler for mothers of young children to goout to work

D091


-312345

Total

20646623805857

18951710

,------

13135

1.635.529.06.5

14.413.0

-------

100.0

Queatlon 24: The trouble with hospital specialists 1s that theynever have time to exDlaln all their Datlentswould like to know

D092

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot sayMildly disagreeStrongly d~sagree

-3 1911 53652 35123 18044 12075 1056

-------

Total 13135

1.540.826.713.79.28.0

-------

100.0

Question 25: People should be satlsfled with their lot In thisworld and not struggle to get more

D093

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot sayMlldl.y disagreeStrongly disagree

-3 201 1.51 1393 10.62 1825 13.93 709 5.44 3309 25.25 5698 43.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

26

QuestIon 26: A mother who always gives m to her young child’sdemanda for attention w1ll spoil him

D094


Total

173 1.36355 48.43696 28.1268 2.0

1711 13.0932 7.1

.------ -------

13135 100.0

QuestIon 27: There 1s nothing wrong with a mother going out towork If her children can be properly cared for bysomeone else

D095

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot sayMildly d~sagreeStrongly disagree

-3 1611 49402 44043 6114 16515 1348

-------

Total 13135

1.437.633.54.7

12.610.3

-------

100.0

QuestIon 28: Teaching 5 year old children obedience and respectfor authority 1s not as Important as all that

D096

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot say ‘Mildly disagreeStrongly disagree

-3 196 1.51 814 6.22 1510 11.53 315 2.44 3540 27.05 6760 51.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

27

Question 29: If pre-school children would pay more attention towhat they are told instead of Just having theirown Ideas they would learn more quickly

D097

Not statedStrongly agreeMlIdly agreeCannot sayMildly disagreeStrongly disagree

-312345

Total

23113251996122939004454

-------

13135

1.810.115.29.4

29.733.9

-------

100.0

QuestIon 30” A mother who leaves her children with someone elseIn order to go out to work IS not fit to be amother unless she needs the money for food andclothes

D098


-3 2181 16’782 20313 16034 28995 4706

-------

Total 13135

1.712.815.512.222.135.8

-------

100.0

QuestIon 31: A child should not be allowed to talk back to hlsparents

D099


-3 2071 34322 40213 4644 35555 1456

-------

Total 13135

1.626.130.63.5

27.111.1

-------

100.0

28

QuestIon 32: There are many things a 5 year old child must dowith no explanation from hls parents

D1OO


-------

Total 13135

2.212.726.98.0

24.725.6

-------

100.0

QuestIon 33: A young child must be allowed to be hlmaelf evenIf this meana going aga~nat hla parents’ wlahea

D101


-3 2321 14592 42173 10504 39235 2254

-------

Total 13135

1.811.132,18.0

29.917.2

-------

100.0

Question 34: Parents must face the fact that teenagerm havedifferent morala to their own when they were thatage and must put up with it

D102


-3 2231 22812 49573 10014 25815 2092

-------

Total 13135

1.717.437.77.6

19.615.9

-------

100.0

29

QuestIon 35: It is not aurpr~aing if educational standards arefalllng when children have so much freedom inschool nowadays

D103

Not statedStrongly agreeMildly agreeCannot aayMildly disagreeStrongly dlaagree

-3 225 1.’71 4032 30.7

2 3858 29.43 1361 10.44 2180 16.65 1479 11.3

------. -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon 36: A wife must sacrifice her right to go out to workonce she has children

D104


-312345

Total

210

19442516859

33364270

.------ -

13135

1.614.819.26.5

25.432.5

,------

100.0

QuestIon 37: A mother should accept that her children aresometimes too busy to do as ahe asks

D105


-312345

Total

19614625002486

33872602

-------

13135

1.511.138.13.7

25.819.8

-------

100.0

30

Question 38: You cannot expect a child under five to understandhow another person feela

D106

Not stated -3 201Strongly agree 1 3751Mildly agree 2 3822Cannot aay 3 469Mildly disagree 4 3316Strongly disagree 5 1576

-------

Total 13135

1.528.629.13.6

25.212.0

-------

100.0

QuestIon 39: A well brought up child 1s one who doea not haveto be told twice to do something

D107


Total

19718782970513

43903187

-------

13135

1.514.322.63.9

33.424.3

-------

100.0

QuestIon 40. A mother’s proper place 1s at home with herchildren

D108

Not stated -3 217 1.7Strongly agree 1 4371 33.3Mrldly agree 2 4167 31.7Cannot say 3 799 6.1Mildly disagree 4 2344 17.8Strongly disagree 5 1237 9.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0 ,

Queatlon 41: Children under five should never be allowed towatch adult T.V.

D109


Total

19821112483629

44723242

------- -

13135

1.516.118.94.8

34.024.7

,------

100.0

31

QuestIon 42: Children who get upset whilstover It afterwards

D11O


-------

QuestIon 43: Girls are Justbe engineers

Dill


Total 13135

as capable as

-3 1891 68172 33563 16604 7005 413

In hospital soon get

1.518.825.027.115.312.3

,------

100.0

boys of learnlng to

1.451.925.612.65.33.1

--------------

Total 13135 100.0

[Composite attitude scores derived from the above are describedin Di24A-H]

The last few questions on this page are toabout how You got on with the form.

QuestIon 1: Dld you have any difficultyof the questlons~

give us some Idea

In understanding any

D112 Dlfflculty understand~ng questions

Not stated -3 211 1.6No , no difficulty 1 10269 78.2Yes - some questions were 2 2483 18.9dlfflcultYes - many questions were 3 172 1.3dlfflcult

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

32

QuestIon 2: Dld you have any difficulty In making up your mindabout any questlons~

D114 Dlfflculty making up mind

Not stated -3 231 1.8NO, no difficulty 1 7788 59.3Yes-some difficulty 2 4965 37.8Yes-a lot of d~fflculty 3 151 1.1

----.-- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Queat~on 3: Who answered this form?

D116 Who answered form

Not stated -3 128Mother alone 1 9750Father alone 2 92Mother & father together 3 3152Other person 4 13

-------

Total 13135

1.074.2

.724.0

.1-------

100.0

QuestIon 4: How long dld It take to complete?

D117 Time taken to complete form (In minutes)

Not stated -3 217 1.7Not known -2 12 .1Time given 12906 98.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

range 2 - 90

D118A Procedure adopted for completion of form

Not stated -3Questlonnalre left with mother& collected after completion 1Mother completed It withouthelp during the homeInterview 2Mother completed It with somehelp from the interviewer 3Interviewer read out all thequestions for mother torespond 4Other procedure 5

Total

201

7295

3636

1045

735223

-------

13135

1.5

55.5

27.7

8.0

5.61.7

-------

100.0

-.. —

33

D119 Rutter score

Purpose

To provide a summary of behav~our score from 27 behavlouralltema using the O, 1, 2 welghtlng system suggested by M. Rutter,J, Tlzard and K. Whltmore, 1970, Education and Behavlour.

Varlablea used

DO06 , DOO’7, DO09, DOlO, D016, D019, D025 - D043.

Some Items Included In the orlglnal Rutter A-scale wereexcluded from this scale mainly because of the high non-responserate on these Items compared with the other items In the scale.These are:

DO08 BlllousnessD024 Tears on arrival at schoolE306 Stammer and stutterE307 Other speech dlfflcultles

Speclflcatlon

Weights are assigned to the values of the Items comprlalngthe scale. The sum of these weights gives the Rutter behavlourscore.

A score of 1 1s added for any of the followlng:

DO06 - DO09 = 3, DOlO, D019 = 2,4; D016B, D017B, D018B = 1,5;D025 - D043 = 2.

A score of 2 1s added for any of”

DO06 - DO09 = 4; DOlO, D019 = 2,4, D016B, D017B, D018B = 1,5:D025 - D043 = 2.

Note that non-response In any variable 1s given a zerowelghtlng thus a high proportion of Items with non-response w1lltend to produce a lower score than might otherwise be achieved.

D119 Rutter score

Not stated -3 98 .7Score given 13037 99.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O-38

D121 gives the number of behavlour ltema not stated so thatchildren with an unacceptable level of non-response may beexcluded from analysls.

34

D121 No. of Items mlsslng for Rutter score

Not stated -3 62 ,5Items given 13073 99.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O - 27

D122 Malaise score

Purpose

To provide Index of psychiatric problems In parenta assuggested by M. Rutter, et al.

Varlablea used

VARS D044 to D067 Incluslve are the 24 items comprising thescale.

Speclficatlon

Items coded 1 (yes) are given a weight of 1. Items coded 2(no) or -3 (not stated) are given a zero weight. The sum of theweights give the Malalse score. If there was no mother figure,this variable 1s coded -1 (NA). If all 24 Items are not stated(-3), this variable 1s coded -3 (NS).

Notes on use of variable

VAR D123 below Indicates the number of Items In the scalewhich were not stated. Accuracy may be Increased by llmltlnganalyses to mothers provldlng complete ~nformatlon.

D122 Malalse score

Not stated -3 160 1.2Not applicable - no mother -1 52 .4Score derived 12923 98.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O - 23

35

D122A Grouped malaise score

Rutter et al used a cut-off point at 7 and over to ldentlfymothers at risk of psychiatric disorder.

D122A Malalse score grouped

Not stated -3 160 1.2Not known -2 89 .7Not applicable - no mother -1 52 .4<7 1 9742 74.27+ 2 3092 23.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

D123 Malalse: mlsalng Items

Speclflcatlon

Items D044 - D067 coded -3 (not stated) are given a weightof 1. Items coded 1 or 2 are given a zero welgbt. The gum ofthe weights gives the number of Items not stated. If there waano mother figure, this variable 1s coded -1 (NA).

D123 Malalse score” no. of ltemg mlsslng

Not stated -3 54 .4Not applicable - no mother -1 52 .4No . Items given 13029 99.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O - 24

D124 Maternal attitudes

The 43 five-point Llkert Items describe attitudes towardsthe role of women In society and various child-rearing Issues.These Items were subJect to factor analysls to determine theunderlying structure of attitudes and eight dimensions wereIdentlfled. The Items which comprised each dlmenalon were thenscored by means of separate prlnclpal components analyses. Thistwo-stage method of Item analysls and scoring provided scoregwhich could correlate to some degree between attitude dlmenslona.This was preferred to ualng factor scores from the analysls ofall 43 Items which would have produced orthogonal dimensionswhich, we suggest, Imposes an artlflclal constraint on the data.For example, authoritarian world view and child-rearing attitudeswould be expected to correlate to some degree.

36

D124A Attitude to maternal employment

Score derived from variables D091 (-.64), D095 (-.70),D098 (+,72), D104 (+.72), D108 (+.7’1); figures In brackets arethe component loadlng.

A high score Indicates approval for mothers going out towork.

Not stated -3 161 1.2Score given 12974 98.8

------- ------.

Total 13135 100.0

Range -2.367 to +1.699

D124B Attitude to sex equallty

Score derived from D071 (-.53), D075 (+.68), D088 (-.58),Dill (+.65).

High score lndlcates disagreement with equal opportunities.


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range -1.362 to +4.046

D124C Needs of better llfe for women

Score derived from D069 (+.75), D082 (+.75), D078 (+.41)

High scores Indicate disagreement with statement.


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range -1.150 to +4.645

37

D124D Attitude towards television

Score derived from DO’73 (+.61), D083 (+.56), D086 (-.58),D019 (-.53).

High score lndlcates bellef In bad influence of TV.

Not stated -3 147 1.1Score given 129S8 98.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range -2.199 to +3.35

D124E Attitude towards hospital vlaltlng

Score derived from D074 (+.64), D082 (+.75) and D11O

High score lndlcates Importance of vlsltlng childrenhospital.


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range -2.688 to 1.739

D124F Authorltarlan world view

+,65).

n

Score derived from D077 (+.62), D088 (+.56), D089 (+.73),D093 (+.56), D102 (+38).

High score lndlcates llbersl views.


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range -2.304 to +2.414

D124G Authorltarlan child rearing

Score derived from D070D080 (+.52), D081 (+.59), D067D094 (+.37), D097 (+.62), D099D103 (+.48), D106 (+.40), D107

Not stated -3Score given

Total

Range -2.S14 to +3.021

+,43), D079 (+.42),+.44), D090 (-.21),+.59), D1OO (+.43),+.60).

145 1.112990 98.9

------- -------

13135 100.0

38

D124H Children should be themselves

Score derived from D072 (+.38), D078 (-.35), D085 (+.62),D096 (+.52), D101 (+.62), D105 (+.59) with 1 added.

High scores lndlcate disagreement.


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Rang<e -2.433 to +3.413

●

~i Iiiu f-ml Ln mu caucmion m me sevemles

A nationalstudym England,WalesandScotlandofallchddrenborn5tft-1lthAprd 1970

Undertheausp(casof&m UmversttyofBristol DepartmentofChildHealthResearchUmtandtheNationalB!rtftdayTrustFund UnwerslWofBristol

Brmtol BS2SBH

Hmlth D8str8clCode Ciwld s LccalSerial Number

mm

CMrf, Cm,,al SUIWV Numb,

EIIIrnCONFIDENTIAL


FullNama ofthaChild

Addre$a Dataofbtrth

To the Motiar

Sex

April1970

ThisquestmnnalreISpartofa surveyIntothehealthandeducatmnof5 yearoldchddrenInthisformweereask8ngaboutthebehavmurofyourchdd,yourown healthandyouropjn$onson a numberofsubjectsWe hopethatyou WIIIbe abletofmd timetocompletetheformandthatyouWIIIfindItof)nterestWewouldbegratefultohaveanyremarksyoumay caretomake aboutthequesmonsInthisformandyouWIIIfmdspaceforthisonthelastpageAll!nformat80nWIIIbetreatedm thestr!ctestconfidence

Ifyou shouldhaveanydlff!cultym fllllngm anypartoftheform,theHealthVmtorWIIIbeDleasedtoadwseyou

SECTION 1 ChM’s Bahav!our

Pleaseputa crossInthebox by theanswerwhichkst describeswhichIStrueaboutyourchdd’sLwhavmur

Thef.allow.g...mplwWIII help you t. s.. what ,s req”mad

Exampla1 New,,. Lessthan At !..11 At 1,.s1the I,,t 0.., a o“c, # on.. ,

PLEASE SAY IF 12 momhs month month wnk

L%oldh,, d,..” ,F41, ❑ lx ❑ ❑

I CMd complsms of ach,.g buk m I,mbi ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑ l

P%.croms t. tha- box.. m.,. th.r rhtsch,ld ha d!zzy ipdls /#ssthan once, mmth ●nd complam.of xh,np bxk o, l,mbi #r 1,.,r once , -k

Exampfa2

OOESCHILO HAVE ANY DIFFICULTY 0RESSING7

NO ❑

YEa R IF YES, ,, M, w,th

Shon ❑

Socks lx

P,ntl ❑

Wrfddrnu, ●tc ❑

euttons m

Zm . ❑

The crcwu m rhw box.s me.. rhar dm .h)/d hasdlff!cultp m dmmn#. ●nd sock#●nd butmna●mth* mm” gwblml.

PLEASE TURN OVER THE PAGE AND ANSWER THE OUESTIONS

P/.s8c Ie.ve blank

39

-.PLEASE ANSWER EVERY QUESTION

1 BelowISa Imtofmanorhealthproblemswhichmostchildrenhaveatsomet!mePleasetellushow ofteneachofthesehappensw!thyourchildby putmngacrossm theboxwhichbestdescrlLwsthis

New m Lessthan At least At leastthe last 0. . . . 0.C9 a o&a12 months m.nth month

Compla,ns .f he.daches ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

COmp18msOf stomach ache m has ..am, ted ❑ 00 ❑

Compla#ns 01 b,l,ausness ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

Has twnpw mntr.ms [that IS COmplete 10ssoftemper w,thshouting,angrymovements,etc) ❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

Mostchddrengo through“dlfflcult”stagesPleaseshowbyputtingacrossInthecorrectboxeswhetherornotyourchildhasanyofthefollow,ngdlfflcultlesatthepresenttamePleaseanswereveryquest!on

2

3

4

5

DOES YOUR CHILD HAVE ANY SLEEPING DIFFICULTY,

NO ❑

YES-MILD ❑

❑ t--I F Y’ES wh!ch of the fOllOw!ngd,fflcult,es daes helsh.

YES - SEVERE have?-J

gett, ng off to sleep

waking d.n.g rhe mght

w.k, no early m the mornmg

nightmares or n,ght terrors

slmpwalkmg

Plmse describe any deep,ng d,ffm.lues. md.dmg Ihme abme

DOES CHILD EVER WET THE BED AT NIGHTS?

NO •1 IF NO, at what age d,d helshebecome dry at n,ght?

YES ❑ IF YES, 1, ,t

very mcasmmlly (less th.” on... week)

cccasmnallv {at Imst 0.c8 a week)

m.st n,ghts

every “,ght

DOES CHILO EVER WET HISJHER PANTS IN THE 0AYTIME7

NO ❑

YES ❑ IF YES IS ,1

verv Occasmn.llv [lessthan .anc@8 waakl

c.=al10..llV {.t I.-t 0.C9 . w..k)

most ds”s

every dw

00ES CHILD EVER SOIL OR MAKE A MESS IN HIWHER PAN’7S7

NO ❑

YES ❑ IF YES, 1, ,1

very occam”allv (1”s th.n O.C. a week)

occcdmndly (at Ia.st .ance a wnkl

most days

evarv day

❑

•1

❑

❑

❑

❑

•1

❑

❑

❑

❑

❑

❑

❑

❑

❑

•1

Please leave omn

L1

El,4 ,s

D16

R,7

El40 “

1.1——0. ‘-DOES CHILD HAVE ANY EATING OR APPETITE PFIOBLEMSl

NO ❑

YES - MILD

1-

❑

❑IF YES. 0S,t

YES - SEVEREnot ..tmg .ncw~h

w.r mtlng for mm. than tha occssmn.1m..l ❑

f,dd, n,” ❑

PI.Ru d+icrlb, ●ny .Ih,r ..tlng LH.abl.m

7 00ES CHILD A7TENOSCH00L, NURSERY %HOOL, PLAYGROUP OR ANy7f.NN13 Lt KE THATf

NO 0.

YES u IF ‘YES, h., h.hhe had tars m ,mvd

NO n

YES. one. or twlc. ● M,k ❑

YES, CV.W d.” ❑

a Mow ISEtsnmofdetcnptmnsofbehawouroftenshown by chddrsn Aftsr each stst~mOnt ●rs thrse columns - “Doesn’t apply”, “Applles somowhnt,<, .nd %ertm”lyappllet” If your childdsfmnelyshowsthebehswourdescribedbythestatementputacrossm theboxunder“Certsmlyapphes”IfhetsheE410WSthebshsvmurdescrk-sdbythaStat0M9ntM to a lesserdegreeor lessoften.idacea crossundw ‘,ArmlIessomewhat”If,u faru youarcawie,yourchilddoesnotshowthebehawour,pi~ce”ncromundw “Dmm’t spply”

Plsms putwtacrossagainstaachstatement~mct APDhm tirt. ml”*PPIV SOnl.ti.t ●ppl In

V.ry Mmt.it Ofmn running ,bout 0,lUIIWI.E UP ●nd dc+m H.rdlv CV.r SUII

c1 n ❑

~

Ofton destroys c+m M odnrs tmlong,.m

Froqu.mty f,@, w,th oth.r ch,ldr,n

WM. waded, WO,,WS,bOUtKIM” !JIw, ❑ ❑ ❑ lT.nti to do 111,..JIm h,, own - ,attmrSOllury ❑ 0 ❑

~

I,,IUM. 1, quick 10 11” Off th, handle

Olmn appears m$aw.td.. unh.p~. tmrf.1

som+tlmm Uk.s thl”w bdon~,ng to ,Xhem

I 1%.aum,l, suck, *urnb w ,{*W, n n 01

Fr9qu.mtv bltos“.41,m N“w, ❑ ❑ !3

1. afwn dl~l.”t ❑ o ❑

tin.Ot 19cLMto .nyth,~ Im mom th.n ak mc.11.”n ❑ cl •1

Tmds to fm f..rful ., .fr,,d of MW th,n~,or new ,1t“atl 0“s ❑ ❑ n

1. f..y c+ our pwtlc.lat ❑ ❑ ❑

oft.. Ulls 11.s ❑ ❑ ❑

I ~l,,asc.th.rch,,d,.” ❑ •1 ❑ I

● I”,, /,,”, blank

** *,

3.,7 I

Els, . .

\ .

-.

SECTION2 Mother’sHealth

Manymothersfmdcaringforthe,rchddrendrff(culttfthe(rown healthISnotverygoad LutedMow area numberofcommon symptomsthatmothersoftendescribetodoctorsWe wouldI,keyoutosay!fthesehappentoyou by puttinga nngroundYesorNo asIntheexamplesgwen

Here are two EXAMPLES

Doyourhindsoftmtremble? Y,,

Am youworr,ed●bouttr.wll,ng longd,srmces?@—

T%. meansmy hand, do .ez trembl. but I #m w.rr,nd abo.f frw.ll,ng long dmrance.

PLEASE RING THE CORRECT ANSWER TO EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

00 you often ha.. b.ck eche7

0. you feel t,md most of the t,me7

00 you often fed m,s.r.ble or degressed7

Do YOU often ha.. bad headaches?

Do VO. .fran get worr,ed about thmgst

Do you .s..11” hwn great dnffncultv !n falh.g asleep or staving asleep?

Do you US.. IIVwake .nnecesmr!ly early m the mormng?

Do you Mar yourself out worrying about you. health>

Do you often get ,“to a v,ole”t r.ge7

Do paople often ●nnoy and mr,mte you?

H..e you at wnes had a tw,tch,ng of the face, head or shoulders?

Do VO. OfIon s.ddenlv become scared for.0 good reason7

Are vw scared to b. 40.. whm there ●ra no fr!e”ds near y.. ?

An you ,,,,1” upset o, ,rr,t.led?

Are you fn~hte”ad of go,”g ..1 aton. or of meet,ng De.td.?

Am vw constantly ksyed UP ●nd ),ttefv7

Do you s.ff.r from ,nd,gesnon?

00 You often S.ff.r from m upset atomach~

Is VW, ,ppo,,t, poor?

Do.% sverv httle thing g.t o. your nerves and wear v.. out,

Oom your he.rt oft.. race I,ke mad?

Da vw Ott.. ha.. bad Pm.s t. your eves7

Are you troubled w,th rhe.mat,sm or f,bro,lt,s?

Have you ever had a “mwaus braakdow.7

0. you h... any other health problems worry,ng v..?

I1F YES, Ptem. describe m vow own words

Yes

Y,,

v.,

Y*S

Yes

Yes

Ye,

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Y*,

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Y,,

Ym

Yes

Yes

El

@No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

N.

Pleaseleaveblank

42

SECTION3 Opmons

Thu section asksforyouropmmn abouta waderangeofsubjectsPleasegwe yourownoplmonsanddo mJtworryaboutwhatothersmay thinkThereareno “correct”answerstothequest)onsWe expactyouWIIIagreewithsomestatementsanddisagreewithothers

Ifyou stronglyagree,nngthe‘A’

Ifyou mildlyagree,rmg the‘a’

Ifyoumoldlydtsagree,nng the‘d’

Ifyoustronglydtsagree,nngthe‘D’

Ifyoucannotsaywhetheryouagreeordmagreewithastatement,forinstancewhenN ‘*dependsoncircumstances”,rtngthe‘X’

Pleasetrytoanswereveryone,but(fyou do notunderstanda state.mentleaveItOUL

These threeexamplesshouldhelpyoutoseehow toanswerthequestvons

Example1

P.ophma not..IVco..paratw.thes.days

Thnmans /srronglvdnwreaw,rh th,ssmmm.nt

Example2

If D90PI. w,. not so s.lf,sh rhe vm,ld would be ahapp,w place

Th,. nmsns1,Wldly #$r.. w,th th!$$tecement

Examph 3

Nom.rr,a~,ScOmPl,t, wthout ch,ldre”

Th#$means/ scro.al”p.. wmhth,f %cammem

PLEASE ANSWER EVERY QuESTION

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Wom.n n..d mrn.ch,”g mom from I,fa thanthw can g.t by )IJst Iook,.g .ft.r the home andch,ldren

Such actw,t,es v pt,nt,ng .nd playing shouldmke s.cond IIISC. to teachtng mad,ng and.r, thmemc ,“ t.fant schools

Gwls should SCCePt dw fact that they *IIIrmrw and h%. chdrlm” and not think aboutst.rm.g a car..r

Strtctlv d,x,plmed chsldren rw.lv grow up tob, the but .dulu

Young ch,ldmn rho nev.r IM ch,ldre.ss T Vmm, s 101wh,ch ,Sof “al..

11,. bnt ..1 m vmt ch,ldr.n ..d.r fw. mhosmtal b-use #t IS too UPCKO.’3 for th. ch,ld

Womw! should hma dw sun. work .PDortun,t,os u me.

If # child ,S Oft.” allm.md m hn’. h,, own -Vtid. ha myoung h. WII b. uneonlr.allabl. I.wr

Stmgly Moldly Cannot M!Idly Strongl vwee Wee say d,sigree dts.gree

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A wm. that does not let them sta.d ,. h,,wav IS to beadmtted

Srongw MIIUIY LdrffiOt Mlldlv Slronglyagru agree w dosagree d,sagree

lAmxd DlTfungs should be made eas,m for unm.rr,edmothers lA”xd DlIncmas.s ,. va.dahsm and dehnq.ency armI.rgdy due to th. fact that chddren nowadaysIwk smct dmc,pl,ne

C2mldr.n should ..1 be allowed to talk at themeal table

C%,ldre. under f,.. should alwavs accept whatthmr psrents iav as bo,.g true

Mothers need a break from thetr ch,ldr.n fromOme to t$me d.r, ng the day

T V 8s a useful way of keeping lhe ch,fdrenam.sd

It M .nrmsonable to expect hospttals to upsetthe!r rout,.. by ●llmwng unlwmted wmmg ,.Ch,ld,e” S wards

F’we.ts should treat young ch,ldren as equals

Young chtld,en p,ck UP a lot of bsd hab,csfrom T V

One of the threw parent! must do ,s sort outthe,r chddrens quarrels for them ●nd dectdewho ,s r,ght and wrong

some equahty m marrmge ,s a good thing, butbv ●nd Iarm the h.sbnd ought to have th.mm. my.so m tardy matters

N.thmg IS worse than . mm. who does notf..l . great 1o.., grat, r.de and r.sp.ct for hasWrents

Unqoestlonmg obed,enc. 8snot a good thing m. voung ch,ld

Th. State should open more &v nurswms so asm mak9 $t eu,w for morhers of young childrento w out to work

Tim trouble wth hosp,tal SP9C,. IKU ,s tharthw .w.r h.ve Ome to axpla, n .11 th. wpaumts would I,k. to know

Fwople should ba s.tmf,ed wth thmr lot m thosworld and not str. !ale to PC more

A mother who .Iwavs 9$..s m to her youngch,ld s &mands for att. mmn WIII SPOII h,m

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Th.re ,s mthng wrong wth a mother goingcut w work #f her ch,ld,m can be P,oPwlycared for Isf mmeon. else

Te.ch,ng 5 ya.r .ald chtldre. ofBd! enc. andNSPSCt for author,~ ,, “01 ●, ,nl~clrtmt a, ,11

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If Pr,+chool chddrw! wuuld Pa” more atte”tmnto v,ilat !he” am told ,n,tead of just hav,ngthaw own tale. s they would learn movequ,ckl”

A mother who leave, her ch,ldre” w,th someO.* SIM ,. order m go out to work IS not f,t mh a mother unless she .e.ds the money forfood and clothe,

A chdd $hould nor be allowed w talk back toh,, parents

There am m.ny th!ng! a 5 year old ch,ld mustdo with no .Xplan.c,o. from h,sparents

A Voung ch,ld must In allcw.d to b. h,mselfw.. d thus means gmrq ap.st h,s parents.w,shes

P.rmu must face the f.ct that te,”agers havedifferent morals to th.w own Am they werethat W. and must put up vmh 81

11osnot s.rpnsmg #f .ducst,on.l standards aretdh”~ when ch,ld,en have ,0 much freedom ,“school nowadays

A WI. must sacr,f,ce her right to go 0“1 towork once she has chddren

A moth.r should accept that her ch$ldrm 9,8SOm.t$mes m. busy to do .s she asks

Strongly M(ldly Cmnot M,IdlyStronglyagree ,.$ee lay dm.greed6sagr.e

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A wdl &ought up ch,ld u one who does norhwc to M told tw,ce to do ,Omethmg

A moth.rk Prop.r P1.c. IS at home w!h herchddren

Cfmldren und.r fw9 should new b allowedto Wtch adult T V

Chldmn ho -I .ps.t whnlst m hoso,tal soonWI over It afterw.,ds

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The lastfewquest!ons on thIS page are to gwe us some Ideaabouthowyougotonwiththeform

1 Iddvou hava any d, ff,culty In undentmdmg any of the quasttons?

NO, no ddfvwlttu❑

YES, some q.mtm.s vare d, ff,c.lt ❑

YES, ma”” qu,,t, o”, w.,* d, fflcult o

IF YES, pl.sM $ay whmh .aueit,o.s were d, ff,c.lt and *Y

2 Dadyouhavemy d,fftc.lwm mak,”~ up your mt.d abou$ any rl.estmns?

NO, no d,ff,c.lw❑

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR ALL YOUR HELP

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46

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ESRC DATA ARCHIVE

(E) 5 -YEAR FOLLOW-UP:

HOME INTERVIEW

—

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY :



BRISTOL


5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

HOME INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE


WITH THE ESRC DATA ARCHIVE

BY





Dr. J. GoldmgDepartment of Child HealthRoyal Hospital for Sick ChildrenSt. Michael’s H1llBristol. BS2 8BJ

CONTENT’S


Tracing the children

Data collection

1. The Maternal Self-completion

Questlonnalre


3. Test Booklet

4. The Developmental History Schedule

Admlnlstrarlon

Non-response

References

Publlcatlons using these data

ProJects In hana


The data file

Coding!

No . ot cases

Lavout of tables

Matching files

III DESCRIPTION OF

Kev variable

SectIon A.

SectIon B

SectIon C

SectIon D

SectIon E:

Secclon F.

SectIon G

Sect Ion H

THE DATA

Famllv Composltlon

Medical History and Present Health

Televlslon Vlewlng and Reading

Nursery, Playgroup and School

Experience

Education and Occupation of Parents

The Home and Social Env~ronment

Family Health and Smoking

Completed after Interview 1s over

1

11

11

11

111

111

111

lV

V1

V1l

X111

XIV

XIV

Klv

XIV

Xlv

1

2

7

59

64

82

100

115

119

IV THE QUESTIONNAIRE

1


The purpose of the 5-vear survey waa to review andevaluate pre-school health, care and education servicesthroughout Brltaln as experienced by the cohort of child’renborn during the week 5-11 April 1970.

The main flndlngs from the survey are publ~shed Intwo reports covering the social (Osborn, Butler and Morris,19841 and health (Butler and Goldlng with Hewlett, 1986}aspects of the children’s llves. The followlng notes on thesurvey methods are extracted from the report bv Osborn,Butler and Morris (19841 trom which further details can be

obtained.

Traclnx the children

The children in England and Wales were tracedthrotigh the cooperation of the reglstrat~on dlvlslon of theRegistrar General’s OffIce IRGO), the National Health ServiceCentral Register INHSCR) and Famllv Practltloner Committees(FPCS ). The RGO produced a computer llstlng of every childwhose date of birth was re~lstered as occurrlnq during theweek 5-11 April 1970. Using the details provided by the RGOthe NHSCR was then able to ldentlfy the Area Health Authority(AHAI In which each child was last registered with a NHSgeneral practitioner. The NHSCR could also sav If a childhad gone abroad, was registered with a Service Medlczial

Of’~lcer, I.e. lf the father was a member of the HU Forces, orhad died, In which case a copy ot the death certificate wassupplled. Using the NHS number provided bv the NHSCR, FamllvPractltloner Committees could plnpolnt the home address oichildren who had not emigrated or died. This Information waspassed to the communltv nursing service of the AHA In whichthe FPC was located, and the local health vlsltorspersonally approached the tamllles In question, Invltlng themto participate In the studv. This procedure ensured thatIntormatlon contldentlal to the health authorities such asthe home address ot the studv child was not disclosed to theresearch team unless the parents had agreed to take part.

A s~mllar procedure was adopted In Scotland, butbecause the admlnlstratlve structure was sllghtlv different,the Scottish NHSCR was provided with the names of thechildren who had taken part In the Brltlsh Births (1970)study . They added the child’s NHS number and located theHealth Board in which the child was last registered with aNHS general practitioner. Admlnlstrators of Primary Care Ineach Health Board used this Intormatlon to ldentlfy eachchild’s home address which was communicated to the healthvlsltors who then Invited the parents’ partlclpatlon.

The whereabouts of children of servicemen who wereregistered with a Service Medical Officer were determinedwith the help of the Service Children’s Education Authority.This group Included 64 children of service tamllles who wereInterviewed bv nurses ot the Soldlers, Sailors and AirmenFamllles Assoclatlon (SSAFAI In West Germany, Malta,

11

Gibraltar and Singapore. These children were Included In thesurvey because they were members of the Brltlah Births cohortand although they were overseas In 1975 were llkely to returnto Brltaln and be Included In future follow-ups of thecohort.

These methods ot tracing depended entirely on theavallabllltv of Information obtained at the time of thechildren’s birth. Thus children who were born outside GreatBritain but were resident here In 1975 could not be traced Inthis way. Health Vlsltors located some of these children byscanning child health records for children born during thestudy week, but lmm~grant children were Inevitably under-represented In the sample. The NHSCR could provide noInformation about children who were adopted for reasona ofconfldentlallty. Some adopted children were located fromchild health records, but information obtained on thesechildren at age i’lve could not be llnked with that obtainedat birth because of the lack of necessary informationconcernln% their orlglns.

The cohort size in 1975 was estimated to be 16,284children. Of these 13,135 (80,7%) were successfully tracedand interviewed on or shortly after their fifth birthdays InApril 1975. This was considered to be a reasonable responserate considering the difficulty of tracing children In thepreschool period.

Data collection

Four research documents were used in the ilve-yearsurvey. These were.

1. Maternal Self-completion Questlonnalre2. Home Interview Quest.lonnalre3. Test Booklet4. Developmental History Schedule

These documents were designed to obtain differenttypes of information.

1. The Maternal Self-completion Questlonnalre iMSQ) wasdesigned for completion bv the mother herself, This was donemainly to reduce the etiect of interviewer bias In completingthe attitudinal data. However, this also served to reducethe duration ot the home Interview. More than half themothers (56.4%) completed the MSQ out of the presence of thehealth vlsltor and a further 28.1% completed It unaidedduring the health vlsltor’s vlslt. The health vlsltor’s helpwas needed bv onlv 15.5% of the mothers, some ot whom haddifficulty In reading or required an Interpreter. The MSQcontained questions concerning the child’s behavlour at homeand maternal depression. These were based on the Rutter AScale of behavloural, deviance and the Malalse InventorylRutter et al., 1970). There were also forty-threeattitudinal Items designed to ellclt attitudes towards childrearing, maternal employment. television vlewlnq and hospitalv~sltlng.

111

2. The Home Interview Questlonnalre (HIQ) was administeredby health vlsltors who carried out the Interviews In thechildren’s own homes. Usually the interviewee was the mother(92.3%). Relatively few fathers were present at interviews(7%). Fewer than 1% of the Interviews were carried out withpersons other than the child’s parents. Many questions Inthe HIQ had preceded response categories where a flnltenumber of responses could be anticipated. Other queatlonswere of the open-ended type which requ~red responses to bewritten down. This approach was used where the potentialrange of responses was unknown In advance. Replles to open-ended questions were coded according to schemes devised bvscrutlnlslng a thousand randomly selected questionnaires.

3. Test Booklet [TB) was administered bv the health vlsltorduring her vlslt to the child at home.

4. The Developmental History Schedule (DHS) was dealgned toobtain Information from child health records. Details ofdevelopmental screening throughout the preschool period wereobtained by reference to child health cllnlc and healthvlsltor records where these were available. The number ofmlsslng records, however, make these data of llmlted use, andthev are not deposited In the ESRC archives.

Admlnlstratlon

To achieve a reasonable degree of consistency Inthe manner In which ~ntervlew and tests were carried outnationally, a comprehensive set of explanatory notes wasprepared for the health vlsltor Interviewers. In addltlon,brleflng meetings were held at regional centres throughoutBrltaln. Crltlclsm of the deployment of health vlsltors assurvey Interviewers (Newson, 1970, P.19) IS totally misplacedIn studies of’ this tvpe (Douglas, 1976, PP.11-13). Nearlyhalf the famllles In this study were known to the healthvlsltor Interviewers through previous professional contact.

.— Health v~sltors are seen by the mothers as medical workerswith a legitimate Interest In all aspects of the children’shealth, development, social and family circumstances. Healthvls~tors also had access to child health records whichprovided an Important additional source of Information on theearlv health surveillance ot these children as well as themeans of tracing additional children born In the study week.

The main period of data collection took place overSIX months In 1975, during which time information waaobtained on 95% of the traced sample (Figure 1). Thus ,inferences can be made about children aged between five andfive and a half years. The same statistical considerationsaPPIV to this sample as to that ot the National ChildDevelopment Studv. David et al., 1972, p 216 and Prlngel etal. , 1966, P 10, concisely summarise these considerations.

lV

FIGURE 1 MONTH OF COMPLETION OF HOME INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE

Cumulative 100percentage ~x

90

80/

x70

bO

50

40

30

20

10/x

o

Total N ❑ 12,937

Date of lntervlewnot known . 198

Total sample = 13,135

Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Ott Nov Dec Jan-July19’75 1976

Month of completmn

Non-resuonse

There are basically two types ot non-responge whichhave been termed speclflc and gross non-response. Speclflc nOn-response occurs where respondents cooperate In the study but fallto complete everv part of It and results In some questions havinga PrOPOrtlOn of ‘not stated’ responses. Some questions In the-present study were atfected more by speclflc non-response thanothers. For example, Intormatlon about the parental sltuatlonwas obtained on everv child, but Information about the father’sexperience of any unemployment wss not available for over 30% ofthe children. The maJorlty of variables, however, had a speclflcnon-response rate of under 5%.

Gross non-response was due to cohort members beingcompletely m~sslng from the survev. The two main causes of grossnon-response were failure to trace children born In the studvweek and unwillingness on the part of some famllles to cooperate~n the study. The total gross non-response rate was only a fifth(19.3%J of the estimated sample size despite the difficulty oftracing the children before thev bad all entered Infant school.Assessment of bias was tackled In two ways” firstly, comparisonof birth characteristics of’ those followed up with those who werenot . revealed no soc~al class dlfterences, and no sex

v

differences. Children born to teenage mothers, those of highpar~ty, those who were heavy smokers were somewhat less llkely tobe contacted. This difference was relatively small. Thestrongest bias, however, concerned a failure to trace thechildren of mothers who were single, separated, widowed ordivorced at the time of birth [Butler & Goldlng 1986). Secondly,It was decided to trace and obtain llmlted ~nformatxon about thechildren who were missed in the 1975 study In order to checkwhether these differed In any Important respects from those whowere successfully traced and interviewed. This add~tlonal surveytook place Just two years later, when the children were seven.

There was llttle regional or social class varlatloh Intrace rates. Nevertheless, factors more directly related to theproblems of tracing and lntervlewlng cohort members, such asgeographical moblllty and family dlsruptlon, proved to be moreImportant considerations (Osborn, Butler & Morris, 1984). Higherproportions of children In the 1975 survey were llvlng with theirnatural parents.

Children of ethnic mlnorltles were more dlfflcult totrace, especlallv If thev had come Into Brltaln since the time oftheir birth. Intervlewlng dlfflcultles, especially where therewere language differences, further Increased the rlak of bias Inthe study. The 1975 survey found 92.3% of the children were w~thparents who were both of UK orlgln, I.e. not members of an ethnicmlnorlty, but In the 1977 study of children missed In 1975 thisfigure was down to 84%.

Famllles which are geograpblcally mobile are expectedto be dlff~cult to trace and this factor could have been a majorreason why some famllles were not traced in time for the 1975survev.

Even with this .sIzable difference between the ch~ldrenIn the two survev, however, the relatively large size of thesample Interviewed In 1975 compared with the 1977 sample means

.— that any bias resultlng from the loss of ch~ldren In mobilefamllles w~ll be trlv~al for analyses Involvlng the whole 1975survey sample. Analysls carried out on a sub-sample of highlymobile children (I.e. those who moved more than twice In fiveyears) , however, would be very prone to error because over afifth (22.9%) of this group were untraced for the 1975 survey.Comparisons were made In terms of overcrowding [persons per roomratio) , and avallablllty of four basic household amenltles(kitchen, bathroom, Indoor lavatory and hot water supply). Theobserved differences were so small that statistical slgnlflcancewas achieved for onlv two of the five housing indicators -crowding and avallablllty of a kitchen. These ltema suggestedthat the 1975 sample had a sllght excess of children In poorhousing conditions. The differences, however, were notsufficient to create a bias In the 1975 sample.

The llkel~hood of bias resultlng from mlsslng data ISdiscussed In more detail In Osborn, Butler & Morris (1984).

V1

References

Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B. and Qulnton, D., 1977, Biasresultlng from mlsslng Information, Brltlsh Journal ofPrevent~ve and Social Medlclne, 31, 131-6.


Douglas, J.W.B., 1976, The use and abuse of national cohorts, inShlpman, M. (ed.j, The Organlsatlon and Impact of SocialResearch, London. Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 3-21.

Evans, R. and Sparrow, M. , 1975, Trends In the assessment ofearly ch~ldhood development, Child: Care Health andDevelopment, 1, 127-41.

Goodenough, F. , 1926, Measurement of Intelligence BY Drawings,New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

Harris, D.B., 1963, Children’s Drawings as Measures ofIntellectual Maturity, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

Koppltz, E.M. , 1968, Psychological Evaluation of Children’s HumanFigure Drawings, New York. Grune & Stratton.

Newson, J. & E., 1970, Four Years Old In an Urban Community,Harmondsworth. Penguin.

OffIce of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1970, Classlflcatlonof Occupation, London. HMSO.

Osborn, A.F. and Carpenter, A.P. , 1980, A rating of nelghbourhoodtypes, Clearlng House for Local Authority Social ServicesResearch, 3, 1-37, Birmingham. Unlverslty of Birmingham.

.— Prlngle, M.K., Butler, N.R, and Davle, R., 1966, 11,000 Seven-year olds, London Longmans.

Scott, L.H., 1981, Measuring Intelligence with the Goodenough-Harrls drawing test, Psychological BulletIn, 89 [31, 483-505.

V1l

List of publl cations fr m the Child Health and Education Stu dX~volvlnu data from the05-Y ear sweep as at November

Books and monographs

Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J. with Hewlett, B.C. (eds) 1986From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behavlour ofBrltaln’s Five year olda.Oxford. Pergamon Press.

Oaborn, A.F. and Butler, N.R. 1985Ethnic Mlnorlty Children. A Comparat~ve Study from Birth to FiveYears. London Commlsalon for Racial Equallty.

Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R. and Morris, A.C. 1984The Social Life of Brltaln’s Five Year Olds. A report of theChild Health and Educat~on Study. London” Routledge and KeganPaul .

Osborn, A.F. and Mllbank, J.E. 1987The Effects of Early Education. A report from the Child Healthand Education Study of children In Brltaln born 5-11 April 1970.Oxford. Clarendon Press.

St. Clalre, L. and Osborn, A.F. 1987The ablllty and behavlour of childrenseparated from their parents. ReportSocial Research Council. Early ChildVolume 28, Number 3 - Monograph.

Chaptera In books

Atkinson. S. and Butler, N.R. 1985


V~slon problems in under 5’s. The At-Risk InfantPsycho/Soclo/Medical Aspects. Harel, S. and Anastaslon, N.J.(eds.1. London: Paul Brookes Publlshlng Co.

..

Butler, N.R. 1977Fam~ly and community Influences on O-5’s, utlllsatlon ofpreschool day-care and prevent~ve health care. O-5’S’ A ChangingPopulation, Impllcatlons for Parents, the Publlc andPollcvmakers. Papers from a seminar of Institute of ChildHealth, Unlverslty of London, 20 May 1977. VoluntaryOrganlsatlOns ‘ Llalson Council for Under Fives; pp 30-62.

Dowllng, S.F.O. 1977The lnterrelatlonshlp of children’s use of child health cllnlcsand day-care facilities In the preschool years. O-5’s A ChangingPopulation; Impllcatlons for Parents, the Publlc andPollcymakers. Papers from a seminar of Institute of Child Health,Unlverslty of London, 20 May 1977. Voluntary Organlsatlons’Llalson Council for Under Fives; PP 63-67.

Viii

Evans, J-A. 1989Long-term assoclatlona between parental smoking and childdevelopment. In ‘The needs of parents and Infants: proceedingsof a sumposlum. Cambridge. The Health Promotion Research Trust,pp 19-27.

Goldlng, J. 1986Child Health and the Environment. Brltlsh Medical BulletIn. 42.pp 204-211.

Goldlng, J. 1986Cross-cultural correlates of Ill-health In childhood In: TheHealth and Development of Children. Miles, H.B. & StIll E (edslDrlffleld, Humberglde. Nafferton Books, PP 53-63.

Goldlng, J. 1989Illegltlmate births Do thev suffer In the long term?In Early Influences Shaping the Indlvldual. Doxladls, S. &Stewart, S. [edsl. New York Plenum Press.

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1983Convulsive disorders In the Child Health and Education Study. In”Research Progress In Epilepsy. Cllfford Rose, F.Pltman Press. PP 60-70.

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1984Wheezing and stress? Stress and Dlsablllty In Chllong-term problems. Butler, N.R. and Corner, B.D.Bristol Wright; pp 87-99.

Pollock. J. 1989

ed) London.

dhood. Theleds.1

Health behavlour of women and long-term assoc.latlons In theirchildren. In ‘The Needs of Parents and Infants proceedings of asymposium: Cambridge The Health Promotion Research Trust PP 7-18.

Stewart-Brown, S. 1986.— Visual defects in school children. Screening POIICY and

educational lmpllcatlons. Progress In Child Health,Volume 3Macfarlane. J A led.]. London ChurchIll Llvlngstone

Verity, Cl-f. and Ross, E M 1985Longltudlnal studies of chllclren’s epilepsy. In PaedlatrlcPerspectives on Epllepsv. Ross, E and Reynolds, E (eds)Chlchester Wiley pp 133-140

Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C S and Taylor, B. 1984The role of national long’ltudlnal studies In the predictionof health, development and behavlour. Monltorlng Child Health Inthe United States Selected Issues and Pollcles. Walker, D.K. andRichmond, J.B. [eds.1. Cambridge, Massachusetts. HarvardUnlverslty Press PP 63-83.

1x

Articles In Journals

Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Goldlng, J., Wadaworth, M.E.J.Acute appendlcltls and bathrooms ~n three samples of Brltlshchildren. Brltlsh Medical Journal 1988; 296: 956-8.

Baumer, J.H., Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B.Family recovery after death of a child. Archives of Disease InChildhood 1988; 63° 942-47.

BIJur, P.E., Goldlng, J. , Haslum, M. 1988Perslatence vf o~cu~~ence of lnJurv. Can Ln.lurles ofpreschoolers predict lnJurles of school age children?Pedlatrlcs 82: 707-712.

BIJur, P.E., Goldlng, J., Kurzon, M. Childhood accidents, familysize and birth order, Social Science and Medlclne 1988; 26:839-843.

BIJur, P.E., Stewart-Brown, S. and Butler, N.Child behavior and accidental InJury In 11,966 preschoolchildren. American Journal of Dlseasea of Ch~ldren 1986;140 487-92.

BIJur, P., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M., Kurzon, M. 1988Behavloural predictors of lnJurv In school-age children.American Journal of Diseases of Children 142 1307-1312.

Burnell, I. and Wadsworth, J.Home truths. One-Parent Times. 1982, 8 8-12.

Butler, N.R.Child Health and Education In the Seventlea some results on the5 year follow-up of the 1970 Brltlsh Births Cohort. HealthVlsltor 1980; 53.81-82.

Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J. , Haslum, M. and Stewart-Brown, S.Recent flndlngs from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study(Section of epidemiology and community medlclne meeting held 11February 1962) Journal of the Royal Society of Medlclne. 19B2;75.781-4.

Emend, A., Goldlng, J., Peckham, C. 1989Cerebral palsy In two national cohort studies. ArchIves ofDisease In Childhood 64 848-852.

Goldlng, J.Accidents In the under fives. Health Vlsltor. 1983, 56-293-4.

Goldlng, J. and Fedrlck, A.Infant sleeplng dlfflcultles and subsequent development,Health Vlsltor 1986; 59.245-6.

Goldlng, J. and Fogelman, K.Are Brltaln’s children getting healthlervPaedlatrlc Reviews and Communlcatlons 1989, 3. 235-245.

x

Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.J.What else do SIDS risk prediction scores predlct~ Early HumanDevelopment 1985, 12.247-260.

Goldlng, J. k Peterg, T.J. The epldem~ology of childhood eczema.I. A population based studv of associations. Paedlatrlc &Perlnatal EP1demlology 1987; 1:67-79.

Goldlng, J. and Porter, C.National cohort studies - the facts about Brltaln’s children.Health Vlsltor 1982; 55”639-43.

Haslum, M.N.Length of pre-school hospltallsatlon, multl-admissions and latereducational attainment and behavlour. Child Care, Health andDevelopment 1988, 14” 275-91.

Neusplel, D.R., Rush, D., Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J., BIJUr, P.E.and Kurzon, U.Parental smoking and post-infancy wheezing In children aprospective cohort study. American Journal of Publlc Health,1989; 79:1-4.

Osborn, Al?.Maternal employment,depresslon and child behavlour. EqualOpportunltles Commlsslon Research Bulletln 1984, 8:48-67.

Osborn, A.F.Assessing the soclo-economic status of famll~es. Sociology1987, 21 429-448.

Osborn, A.F.Early Starters. Child Education 1987, 64:10-12.

Park, E.S., Goldlng, J., Carswell, F. and Stewart-Brown, S.Preschool wheezing and prognosis at 10. ArchIves of Disease InChildhood 1986; 61 642-646.

Peters, T.J. & Goldlng, J. The Epldemlology of Childhood Eczema:11. Statlstlcal analvses to Identify Independent earlypredictors. Paedlatrlc & Perlnatal Ep~demlology, 1987, 1 80-94.

Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J., Lawrence, C.J., Frver, J.G.,Chamberlain, G.V.P. and Butler, N.R.Delayed onset of regular resplrat~on and subsequent development.Early Human Development 1984; 9“225-39.

Peters, T. , Harragln, R. and Goldlng, J.Does delayed onset of regular respiration matter? Health Vlsltor1985, 58-255-256.

Stewart-Brown, S.Spectacle prescribing by optlclans. Brltlsh Journal ofOphthalmology, 1986, 70 933.

x1

Stewart-Brown, S., Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J. and BIJur, P.Case deflnltlon In childhood accident studlea. a vital factor Indetermining results. International Journal of Epldemlology 1986;15: 352-359.

Taylor, B.Social factors and related Influences on lower respiratoryIllness of early childhood. Respiratory Disease In Practice1:30-5.

1984 ;

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Breastfeed~ng and child development at five years. DevelopmentalMedlc~ne and Child Neurology. 1984, 26:73-80.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tractIllness In early llfe. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1987,62-786-791.

Taylor, B. , Wadsworth, J. snd Butler, N.R.Teenage mothering: admlsslon to hospital and accidents duringthe first five years. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1983;58:6-11.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breast feeding, bronchitis and admissions for lower respiratoryIllness and gastroenterltls during the first five years.Lancet 1982; 1:1227-9.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler. N.R.Breastfeedlng, eczema, asthma and hay fever. Journal ofEpldemlology and Community Health 1983, 37 95-99.

Tsylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M. and Peckham, C.Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the1939-45 war. Lancet 1984; 11”1255-7.

—.Tlssler, G.Bedwettlng at five years of age. Health Vlsltor 1983; 56 333-5.

Verity, C,M., Butler, N,R. and Goldlng, J.Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth.1- Prevalence and recurrence In the first five years of llfe.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985, 290.1307-10.

Verity, C.U , Butler, N.R. and Goldlng, J.Febrile convulsions In a national cohort followed up from birth.II-Medical history and Intellectual ablllty at 5 years of age.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985; 290 1311-15.

Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.Family type and accidents in preschool children. Journal ofEpldemlology and Commun~tv Health 1983; 37:100-104.

Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.The Influence of family type on children’s behavlour anddevelopment at five years. Journal of Child Psychology andPsvchlatry 1985; 26”245-254.

X11

Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B. , Osborn, A.Teenage mothering child developmentChild Psychology and Psychiatry 1984;

Reports

B1.lur, P.E,

and Butler, N.R.at five years. Journal of25:305-14.

Th~ Relatlonshlp Between Child Behavlour and Accidents from Birthto Flve- A Multlvarlate Analysls of a National Cohort. Ph.D.Thesis. Columbla Unlversltv,New York. 1984.

Butler, N.R., Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Teenage Mothering. Report to the Department of Health and SocialSecurity. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Bristol.1981.

Goldlng, J., Hicks, P. and Butler, N.R.Eczema In the First Five Years. Report to the National EczemaSociety. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Bristol.1982.

Goldlng, J., Hewlett, B.C. and Butler, N.R.Immunlsatlon Reactions and Long-term Follow-up. Report to theDepartment of Health and Social Security. Department of ChildHealth, Unlverslty of Bristol. 1981.

Haslum, M.N.Some orlglns of handicap and Jlsadvantage In young children.Report to Action Research for the Crippled Child. Department ofChild Health, Unlversltv of Bristol. 1978.

Osborn, A.FPreschool Education in Brltaln. Report to the Leverhulme TrustFund . Department of Child Health, Unlversltv of Bristol. 1980.

Osborn, A.F.Reslllent Children: A Longltudlnal Study of High Achlevlng——Socially Disadvantaged Children. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Bristol. 1988.

Osborn, A.F.Maternal Employment, DepressIon and Child Development.Report to the Economic and Social Research Council, 1989.

Peters, T.J.A Statlstlcal Invest~gatlon of Risk Indicators for PerlnatalOutcome and Early Child Development. Ph.D. Thesis. UnlversltyExeter. 1985.

St Clalre, L. and Osborn, A.F.Ablllty and Behavlour of Children In Care or Separated fromParents. Report to the Economic and Social Research Council.Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Bristol. 1985.

of

Thomas, P., Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.Delayed Attendance for Antenatal Care. Report to the HealthPromotion Trust. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty ofBristol 1986.

X111

Letters to Journals

Goldlng, J., Butler, N.R. and Taylor, B.W.Breast feeding and eczema/asthma. Lancet 1982, 1: 623.

Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breast-feeding and childhood eczema. Lancet 1985; 1:49-50.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Rlslng lncldence of eczema. Lancet 1985 1-464-465.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Young mothers and their children. Lancet 1983, 1 928-929.

Pro,lects In hand as at October 1989

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

..—9.

The effects of social and educational change on behavmld-childhood (A.F. Osbornl .

Regional varlatlon In morbldlty and health behavlourPollock).

Accidental lnJurles (J. Goldlng).

Convuls~ve disorders (C. Verity).

The long-term effects of passive smoking IJ-A Evans).

Immunlsatlon Benefits and costs (J, Pollockl.

our In

J.

Maternal health behavlour and long-term effects on the child[J. Pollock).

Pre-term dellvery and child health and development(T. Shenton).

Child health and development after pregnancies complicatedby pre-eclampsla [P. Thomas).

XIV

PART II. DESCRIPTION OF DATA FORMAT.

The data file

This 1s set up In SPSS(X) format.

Coding

Throughout the followlng standard codes have been used

-1 not applicable (I.e. the question 1s notrelevant to this chlldl

-2 not known (I.e. the question may berelevant but the answer wasspeclflcallv stated to beunknown )

-3 not stated [i.e. no answer was given)

-4 vague

Number of cases

In all, there are 13,

Layout of tables

esponse (e.g. several, many)

35 cases on file.

Deta~ls are given for each variable on the file In thepages that follow.


The code, frequency (I.e. no of ch~ldren with thatcode) and percentage (out of 13,1351 are then given for all non-continuous variables.

Matching files


1



KEY VARIABLE

All mothers In the birth survey have a key number In the range000010 to 164112, If born In Great Brltaln, and In the range200000 to 206212 If born In Northern Ireland. Children who werenot In the B~rth Survey but Included In the 5-year survey havekey nos In range 300000 - 399999. Note that multlple blrtha havethe same first 5 dlglts but can be dlstlngulshed using the laatdlglt.

EOO1 SlngletOn or twin

VALUE

Singleton o1st twin 12nd twin 21st twin only In survey* 32nd twin only In survey* 4

Total

FREQUENCY PERCENT

12S6S 98.0125 1.0125 1.012 .15 .0

------- -------

13135 100.0

[* I.e, cotwln dledl

EO04 Child’s place of rea~dence

[This variable was derived from Information given at variousplaces on the questlonnalrel

—Domestic - relatlve’s 6 .0Domestic - fostered ; 20 .2Resldentlal home 3 14 1With parenta 9 13095 99:7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

2

SECTION A: FAMILY COMPOSITION

QuestIon A.1 (a) People In the household

A household consists of a group of people who all live at thesame addreaa and who are all catered for by the same person.List below all the members of this household. Include the studychild, N, the present parenta and others, e.g. relatlvea orlodgere, who are ❑embers of this household. Exclude any who areonly at home for short periods: enter these in Table (b) below.[see questionnaire for lay out]

EO05 Number of persona In household

Total number of all who llve at the same address andare catered for by the same person. Family members whoare atleave,

Not applicable*

[*—

home only for short periods, e.g. holldays orare excluded from this number.

-1 1423456789

10

11

12131415

Totalrealdentlal home]

101

128460873245138755824012256221224.1

-------

13135

.1

.89.8

46.324.710.64.21.8.9.4.21:0.0.0

-------

100.0

EO06 Number of children older than study child

Includes all children whether or not related to thestudy child whose1957 and before 5EO07 ]

Not applicable*

[xres=de~t,al home]

birth dates fell on or after 5 AprilApril 1970. [see note followlng

-1012345678

10

Total

1450024547215691031012452181,A

------- .

13135

138:134.616.46.92.4.9.41:0.0

-------

100.0

.

3

EO07 Number of children younger than study child

Includes all children whether or not related to thestudy child whose birth dates fell on or after 5 April1970.

Not applicable* -1 14 10 7270 55:31 4975 37.92 783 6.03 85 .64 7 15 1 :0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0[*resldentlal home]

m:1. Children related to the study child who are away for longperiods, e.g. at boarding school, residential special school, Incare, fostered, etc. are excluded from VARS EO06-7.2. A survlvlng twin of the study child 1s Included In VAR EO06(older children).

EO08 Age of mother figure In 1970

Not stated -3. 154 1.2Not applicable -1. 52 .4Age given 12929 98.4

-.----- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range given 13 - 65

EO09 Age of father figure In 1970——

Not stated -3 189Not applicable -1 655Age given 12291

-------

Total 13135

Range 14 - 72

1.45.0

93.6-------

100.0

~.Ages are given of parent substitutes, e.g. foster Parents,adoptive parents, grandparents, etc, as well as natural parents.Age at April 1970 1s used. Parents’ age at time of survey maybe obtained by adding 5.

4

QuestIon A.2 (a) What IS the relationship to N of the personnow acting as his/her mother?

EO1O Ho eth r fluure Mother figure must be female, adult(born before April 1957) and llvlng In the samehousehold as the study child, There must be only onemother f~gure. Same general principles apply as forthe father figure below. [see note followlng EO1lB]

Natural mother 1 12880 98.1Mother by legal adoption 2 97 .7Stepmother 3 13 .1Foster mother 4 26 .2Grandmother 5 45Elder sister 6 1 ::Father’s cohabltee 7 14 .1Other mother figure 8 7 .1No mother figure 9 52 .4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Please give reason(s) for any past changes Ine.g. family changes, mother died, etc.

EO1OA Changes In sltuatlon

Not stated -3 98Not applicable -1 12880Death of mother 1 17Divorce 2 28Other sltuatlon 3 112

-------

Total 13135

N’s sltuatlon,

798:1

.12

:9-------

100.0

If N ia not now llvlng with natural mother, i.e. 2-9 ringed,please ask when this .sltuatlon began.

EO1OB Age at change

Not knownNot applicable

year )

-2-1012345

Total

17 .112880 98.1

107 .823 .225 .235 .334 314 :1

------- -------

13135 100.0

5

Question A.3 (a) What la the relationship to N of the personnow acting aa bin/her father?

EO1l Father flu ure: Father figure must be male, adult (bornbefore April 1957) and llvlng In the same household astbe study child. There must be only one father figure.If father 1s normally part of the household but 1s awaya lot of the time because of hls Job, e.g. In H.M.Forces, on 011 rig, in the merchant navy, deep seafisherman, etc., or because n prlaon or temporarilyabsent for other reasons, the person counts as fatherfigure In question A3(a) In the Home InterviewQuestlonnalre. If father IS divorced, separated fromor has deserted the mother, he la ti considered to bea father figure even If vlsltlng child dally. If thisperson was entered in Table (b) m question A.1 andreason for absence was divorce, aeparatlon ordesertion, he was excluded from the table when coding.[see note followlng EO1lB1

Natural fatherFather by legal adoptionStepfatherFoster fatherGrandfatherMother’s cohablteeOther father figureNo father figure

12345789

Total

1193715519123857910

655-------

13135

90.91.21.5

2:6.61

5:0-------

100.0

Pleaae give reason(s) for any past changes In N’s sltuatlon, e.g.family changes, father died, etc.

EO1lA Changes In sltuatlon

—Not stated -3 325 2.5Not applicable -1 11937 90.9Death of father 1 73 .6Divorce 2 339 2.6Other s~tuatlon 3 461 3.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

6

If N 1s not now llvxng with natural father, i.e. 2-9 ringedplease ask when this situation began.

EO1lB Age at change (year)

Not known -2Not applicable -1

012345

Total

17611937

34513514117916260

-------

13135

1.390.92.61.01.11.41.2.5

-------

100.0

Except In Q’s B.1 to B.4 and B.23 where mformatlon ISspecifically required about N’a natural mother or father, theterms “father” or “present father” are used to denote the presentfather figure identified In Q.A.3(a). The terms “mother” or“present mother” are used to denote the present mother figureIdentlfled In Q.A.2(a).

~

VARS EO1O and EO1l are the key variables lndlcatlng the parentalsltuatlon. Note that there may he a grandfather or other adultmale person In the household whom the mother dld not consider tobe a father figure. Slmllarly In situations where there IS nomother figure; a grandmother or other adult female may be presentIn the household but not regarded as a mother figure.—

7

SECTION B: MEDICAL HISTORY AND PRESENT HEALTH

Queetlon B.1 Enter obatetrlc details on the study child N, andon all liveborn and stillborn children born

subsequently to N’s natural mother. Includealso children no longer llvlng with theirnatural mother. Record each member of twinpair separately. Exclude mlacarriagea.

E012A Birthwelght (In ounces) of study child

Not stated -3 348 2.6Not known -2 32 .2Blrthwelght given 12755 97.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.00

Range given 19 - 194

E012B Gestation at dellvery of study child

Not stated -3 330 2.5Not known -2 182 1.4Over 3 weeks early 1 744 5.7At term (37-41 weeks) 2 10306 78.5Over 2 weeks late 3 1573 12.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.00

E012C Method of dellvery of study child

Not stated -3Not known -2Vertex 1Breech 2Forceps 3Caesarean 4Other 5

Total

541 4.1123 .9

10385 79.1450 3.4973 7.4582 4.481 .6

------- -------

13135 100.0

[Note” caesarean combined with any other 1s coded as caesarean]

E013 Number of subsequent births

None o 7295 55.51 4901 37.32 833 6.33 99 .84 7 .1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

m:1. In the case2. Children noIncluded In data3. Each member

8

of study twins thelonger llvlng withgiven.

‘other’ twin 1s excluded.their natural mother are

of a twin pair la recorded separately, (I.e.subsequent twins)4. Mlscarrlages are excluded.5. It IS recommended that analyses using varlablea E012A toE017G be reatrlcted to children llving with their natural mother(EO1O=1)

E014A Sex of 1st

Not statedNot applicableSingleton-boySlngletOn-girlSingleton-not statedTwin-boyTwin-girlTwin-not stated

subsequent child

-3-1123456

16729530402734

2:171

.155.523.120.8

1:21:0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E014B Month of birth of 1st subsequent child

Not stated -3 23 .2Not applicable -1 7295 55.5

1 443 3.42 512 3.93 564 4.34 570 4.35 580 4.46 513 3.97 482 3.78 452 3.49 412 3.1

10 435 3.311 435 3.312 419 3.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E014C Year of birth of 1st

Not statedNot applicable19711972197319741975

subsequent child

-3 24 .2-1 7295 55.51 1551 11.82 2027 15.43 1406 10.74 671 5.15 161 1.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

9

E014D Blrthwelght (OZ) of 1st subsequent child

Not Stated -3 240Not Known -2 2Not Appl~cable -1 7295Blrthwelght given 5598

-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 8 - 184

E014E GeBtatlOn of 1st subsequent child

Not stated -3 172Not known -2 59Not applicable -1 7295Over 3 weeks early 1 335At term 2 4692Over 2 weeks late 3 582

-------

TOTAL 13135

1.8.0

55.542.6

-------

100.0

1.3.4

55.52.6

35.74.4

-------

100.0

E014F Method of dellvery of 1st subsequent child

Not stated -3 307 2.3Not known -2 36 .3Not applicable -1 7295 55.5Vertex 1 4965 37.8Breech 2 153 1.2Forceps 3 143 1.1Caesarean 4 206 1.6Other 5 30 .2

------- ------.

TOTAL 13135 100.0

.—

E014G Survival of 1st subsequent child

Not stated -3 632 4.8Not known -2 11 1Not applicable -1 7295 55:5Al~ve now 1 5074 38.6D~ed at 7 days+ 2 52 .4Died under 7 days 3 34 3Stillborn 4 37 :3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

10

E015A Sex of 2nd subsequent child

Not statedNot applicableSingleton-boySingleton-girlSingleton-not statedTwin-boyTwin-girlTwin-not stated

-3-1123456

TOTAL

512196

439444

221271

-------

13135

.092.93.33.4.0.2.2.0

-------

100.0

E015B Month of birth of 2nd subsequent child

Not stated -3Not applicable -1

123456789

101112

TOTAL

412196

947194757172839470677470

-------

13135

.092.9

,7.57:6.5.5,67

:5.5.6.5

-------

100.0

E015C Year of birth of 2nd subsequent child

Not stated -3 1—Not applicable -1 12196 92:;1971 1 32 .21972 2 169 1.31973 3 291 2.21974 4 331 2.51975 5 115 .9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E015D Blrthwelght of 2nd subsequent child

Not stated -3 43 3Not applicable -1 12196 92:9Blrthwelght given 896 6.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Range 14 - 192

11

E015E Gestation of 2nd subsequent child

Not stated -3 44 3Not known -2 13 :1Not applicable -1 12196 92.9Over 3 weeks early 1 90 7At term 2 708 5:4Over 2 weeks late 3 84 .6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E015F Method of dellvery of 2nd subsequent child

Not statedNot knownNot applicableVertexBreechForcepsCaesareanOther

-3-2-112345,

TOTAL

577

121967555222442

------- .

13135

E015G Survival of 2nd subsequent child

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Allve now 1Died at 7 days + 2Died under 7 days 3Stillborn 4

TOTAL

E016A Sex of 3rd subsequent child

831

12196817111413

------- -

13135

Not stated -3 2Not applicable -1 13029Singleton-boy 1 38Singleton-girl 2 59Twin-boy 4 4Twin-girl 5 3

-------

TOTAL 13135

.4

.1

92.95.7.4.2.3.0

-------

100.0

.6

.092.96.2.11:1

,------

100.0

.099.2

3;4.0.0

-------

100.0

12

E016B Month of birth of 3rd subsequent child


1234

:789

101112

TOTAL

213029

812101058

136786

11------ .

13135

E016C Year of birth of 3rd subsequent child

Not stated -3 1Not applicable -1 130291971 1 31972 2 61973 3 271974 4 46

5 23------- -

TOTAL 13135

.099.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.0

.11

:0.11

:0.1

-------

100.0

.099.2

.0

.0

.2

.4

.2-------

100.0

E016D Blrthwelght of 3rd subsequent child


— Blrthwelght given 99 .8------. -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Range 48 - 206

E016E Gestation of 3rd subsequent child

Not stated -3 7Not known -2 3Not applicable -1 13029Over 3 weeks early 1 9At term 2 75Over 2 weeks late 3 12

------- -

TOTAL 13135

.1

.099.2

1:6.1

,------

100.0

13

E016F Method of dellvery of 3rd

Not stated -3Not knownNot applicable ::Vertex 1Breech 2Forceps 3Caesarean 4

TOTAL

subsequent child

5 .01 .0

13029 99.284 .68 .12 .06 .0

--.---- -------

13135 100.0

E016G Survival of 3rd subsequent child

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Allve now 1D~ed at 7 days + 2Died under 7 days 3Stillborn 4

TOTAL

E017A Sex of 4th subsequent child

Not statedNot applicableSingleton-boySingleton-girl

E017B Month of birth of.—

Not applicable

71

1302992321

-------

13135

.1

.099.2

7:0.0.0

-------

100.0

-3 1 .0-1 13128 99.9

4 .0: 2 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

4th subsequent child

-1 13128 99.91

5

:9

11

TOTAL

1 .01 .01 .02 .01 .01 .0

.------ -------

13135 100.0

E017C Year of birth of 4th subsequent child

Not applicable -1 13128 99.91973 3 4 .01974 4 3 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

14

E017D Blrthwelght of 4th subsequent child


99 1 .0134 1 .0140 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E017E Gestation of 4th subsequent child

Not stated -3 3 .0Not applicable -1 13128 99,9Over 3 weeks early 1 2 .0At term 2 1 .0Over 2 weeks late 3 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E017F Method of dellvery of 4tb subsequent chzld

Not stated -3 4 .0Not applicable -1 13128 99.9Vertex 1 2 .0Caesarean 4 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E017G Survival of 4th subsequent child

Not stated -3 3 .0Not applicable -1 13128 99.9Allve now 1 3 .0Died under 7 days 3 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Questxon B.2 How soon after N’a birth did the mother firststart to have regular contact with N, to holdand/or feed, not Just to look at?

E018A First regular contact

Not stated -3 31 .2Not known -2 156 1.2Wlthln 24 hours of birth 1 10620 80.9Between 25 and 48 hours 2 1059 8.1after birthOn the third day or later 3 1269 9.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

15

If on third day or later, how many days after N*8 birth dldregular contact startp

E018B First regular contact after two days

Vague response -4 5 .0Not stated -3 52 .4Not known -2 32 .2Not applicable -1 11866 90.3No . of days given 1180 9.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.00

Range 3 - 98

QuestIon B.3 After regular contact was establ~shed, was thereany period of 24 hours or ■ ore during the firstmonth of N’s l~fe when mother wa6 not In normalcontact with N, e.g. to hold andlor to feed?

E018C Separations after regular contact

Not stated -3 153 1.2Not known -2 144 1.1Not applicable* -1 94 .7No separation of 24 hrs or more 1 12077 91.9Separated 24 hrs or more 2 640 4.9Cannot remember 3 27 .2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

* regular contact not established during 1st month

E019 Number of days separated

—Vague answer -4 4 .0Not stated -3 37 .3Not known -2 24 .2Not applicable (no separation) -1 12495 95.1Number given 575 4.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Range 1 - 98

16

Question B.4 Was N breast fed partly or wholly, even for a fewdays?

E020 Breast feeding

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes, for leas than 1 month 1Yes, for 1 month or more but 2less than 3 monthsYas, for 3 months or more 3Yes, but can’t remember how 4longNo, was not breast fed at all 5

Total

4287

20931294

141225

8182-------

13135

.37

15:99.9

10.7.2

62.3-------

100.0

Queatlon B.5 At what ages did N receive lmmunisatlon, againstwhat disease and where?

E021 Number of lmmunslatlons

Not stated -3No lmmunlsatlons o

123456789

101112

‘TOTA1.I

404317344323

20183978399714751866618531

-------

13135

3.12.42.62.5

15.430.330.411.21.4.51:0.0.0

_---4--

100.0

E022A Age at 1st whooping cough Immunlsatlon

Not statedNot knownNot appl~cable1970197119721 week2 weeksAge In months given

-3-2-17071729293

TOTAL

88439

84162111

11360-------

13135

6.7.3

6.4.0.0.0.0.0

86.5-------

100.0

Range 1 - 60

17

E022B Age at 2nd whooping cough lmmun~satlon

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -11970 701971 711972 72Age In months given

TOTAL

87939

1328431

10881-------

13135

6.7.3

10.1.0.0.0

82.8-------

100.0

Range 1 - 60

E022C Age at 3rd whooping cough lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applclable -11970 701971 711972 72Age in months given

TOTAL

873 6.639 .3

1814 13.82 .02 .01 .0

10404 79.2------- -------

13135 100.0

Range 2 - 60

E022D Age at 4th whooping cough Immunlsatlon

Not stated -3 461 3.5Not known -2 39 .3Not applicable -1 11353 86.41974 74 1 .01975 75 1 .0.—Age In months given 1280 97.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Range 5 - 66

E022E No. of diphtheria lmmun~satlons

Not stated -3Not known -2

01234

TOTAL

40439

453446420

60515322

-------

13135

3.13

3;43.43.2

46.140.5

-------

100.0

18

E022F Age at 1st diphtheria lmmunlaatlon

Not statedNot knownNot applicable1970197119721 Week2 WeeksAge In months g~ven

-3-2-17071729293

TOTAL

89939

45362111

11’733-------

13135

Range 1 - 61

E022G Age at 2nd diphtheria lmmunlsatzon

Not stated -3 899Not apullcable -1 9341970 ‘“19711972Age In months

Range 1 - 61

E022H Age

Not stated

6.8.3

3.4.0.0.0.0.0

89.3-------

100.0

6.87.1

70 4 .071 3 .072 1 .0

given 11294 86.0------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

at 3rd diphtheria Immunlsatlon

-3 1319 10.0Not applicable -1 9341970 70 21971.—19721975Age In months given

71 272 175 1

10876-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 2 - 63

E0221 Age at 4th diphtheria lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3 584Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 73701974 74 31975 75 3Age in mont~s given 5136

-------

TOTAIJ 13135

7.1.0.0.0.0

82.8-------

100.0

4.43

56:1.0.0

39.1-------

100.0

Range 5 - 67

19

E022J No . of tetanus lmmunlsatlons


012345

TOTAL

40439

439456420

60324836509

-------

13135

E022K Age at 1st tetanus Immunlsatlon

Not stated -3 903Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 4391970 ‘-197119721 Week2 WeeksAge In months

Range 1 - 61

E022L Age

Not stated

70 671 272 192 193 1

given 11743-------

TOTAL 13135

at 2nd tetanus lmmunlgatlon

-3 897Not known -2Not applicable -11970 701971.— 711972 72Age In months given

TOTALRange 1 - 61

39895

431

11296-------

13135

E022M Age at 3rd tetanus xmmunxaatlon

Not stated -3 894Not known -2 39Not applicable1970

-1 131570 2

1971 71 21972 72 11975 75 1Age In months given 10881

-------

TOTAL 13135Range 2 - 63

3.1.3

3.33.53.2

45.936.83.9

-------

100.0

6.9.3

3.3.0.0.0.0.0

89.4-------

100.0

6.83

6:8,0.0.0

86.0-------

100.0

6.8.3

10.0,0.0.0.0

82.8-------

100.0

E022N Age

Not stated

20

at 4th tetanus Immunlsatlon

-3 587 4.5Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 73471974 74 31975 75 3Age In months given 5156

-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 5 - 67

E022P Age at 5th tetanus lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3 420Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 121831975 75 1Age In months given 492

-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 11 - 65

E023A Age at measles lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -11971 71197’2 721973 73Age In months given

TOTAL

77439

5252211

7066-------

13135

.355.9

.0

.039.3

-------

100.0

3.2.3

92.8.0

37.5-------

100.0

5.9.3

40.0.0.0.0

53.8-------

100.O

Range 1 - 63

21

E023B Age at B.C.G. lmmunlsatlon

Not statedNot knownNot applicable19701973At birth1 day2 days3 days4 days5 days6 days1 week2 weeks3 weekaAge In months given

-3-2-1707381828384858687929394

47139

1182411

758

283522201098218

474---- --

TOTAL 13135

Range 1 - 60

E023C No. of pollo Immunlsatlona

Not stated -3 404Not known -2 39

0 5921 4542 4513 60944 5101

-----.-

TCYTAL 13135

—E023D Age at 1st PO11O

Not statedNot knownNot applicable1970197119721 Week2 WeeksAge In months given

lmmunlsatlon

-3 891-2 39-1 59270 571 272 192 193 1

11603-------

TOTAL 13135

3.6.3

90.0.0.0.6.1.23:2.21

:72:1

3.6-------

100.0

3.1.3

4.53.53.4

46.438.8

-------

100.0

6.8.3

4.5.0.0.0.0.0

88.3-------

100.0

Range 1 - 61

22

E023E Age at 2nd polio lmmunlsatlon

Not etatedNot knownNot applicable197019711972Age in months given

-3-2-1707172

TOTAL

88639

1046421

11157-------

13135Range 1 - 61

E023F Age at 3rd PO11O lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3 683Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 14971970 ‘-197119721975Age In months

Range 2 - 63

E023G Age

Not statedNot known

70 271 272 175 1

given 10708-------

TOTAL 13135

at 4th pollo lmmunlaatlon

-3 572-2 39

Not applicable -1 75911974 74 31975 75 3Age In months given 4927

-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 5 - 67

E023H Age of smallpox lmmunlsatlon

Not stated -3 597Not known -2 39Not applicable -1 99451972 72 11973 73 1Age In months given 2552

-------

TOTAL 13135

Range 1 - 63

6.73

8:0.0.0

84:;-------

100.0

6.7.3

11.4.0.0.0.0

81.5-------

100.0

4.4.3

57.8.0

37::-------

100.0

4.53

75:7.0.0

19.4-------

100.0

23

E0231 No. of other lmmunlsatlona

Not stated -3Not known -2

02

TOTAL

E024 Immun~satlon. where given

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1GP’s surgery 1Child health clln~c (CHC) 2GP + CHC 3Other place (OP) 4GP + OP 5CHC + OP 6GP + OP + CHC 7

Total

given

40439

12577115

-------

13135

117845

745410847721279

8733850776

_______

13135

3.1.3

95.7.9

-------

100.0

9.0.3

5.731.336.39.7

72:63.9.6

-------

100.0

QuestIon B.8 Has N ever been seen at any of the followlngplaces for reasona specified, and If so at whatages, If known?

At-

(a) Home by Health Visitor for any reason

E025A Home vlslt by health vlsltor: child 48 mths+

Not stated -3 736 5.6Not known -2 127 1.0Not seen o 6501 49.5Seen 1 5771 43.9

------- -------

TOTAIJ 13135 100.O

E025B Home vlslt by health vlsltor” child 36-47 ❑ths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

24

E025C Home vlslt by health vlsltor: child 24-35 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E025D Home vlslt by health vlsltor: child 12-23 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E025E Home vlslt by health vlsltor: child 6-11 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E025F Home vlslt by health vlsltor. child under 6 mths of age

Not stated -3 736 5.6Not known—— -2 127 1.0Not seen o 993 7.6

Seen 1 112’(’9 85.9------- -------

TOTA1.I 13135 100.0

E025G Home vlslt by health vlsltor- child’s age not known

Not stated -3 736 5.6

Not known -2 127 1.0Not seen o 12137 92.4

Seen 1 135 1.0------- -------

‘TOTAL 13135 100.0

25

(b) Child Health Clln~c for any reason

E026A Child health cllnlc attendance: child 48 mths+


-.----- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E026B Child health cllnlc attendance: cblld 36-47 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E026C Child health cllnlc attendance: child 24-35 mtbs


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E026D Child health cllnlc attendance” child 12-23 mths

Not stated -3 1314 10.0Not known -2 156 1.2Not seen o 5189 39.5—Seen 1 6476 49.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E026E Child health cl~nlc attendance- child 6-11 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

26

E026F Child health cllnlc attendance: child under 6 mths ofage


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E026G Child health cllnlc attendance: child’s age not known


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

(c) G.P. surgery or health centre for developmental screening

E027A Attendance for screening. child 48 mths+


------- -------

TOTAIJ 13135 100.0

E027B Attendance for screening: child 36-47 mths

,Not stated -3 3329 25.3Not known..—- -2 447 3.4Not seen o 8281 63.0Seen 1 1078 S.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E027c Attendance for screening: child 24-35 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

27

E027D Attendance for screening: child 12-23 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E027E Attendance for screening: child 6-11 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E027F Attendance for screening: child under 6 mths of age


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E027G Attendance for screening. child’s age not known

Not stated -3 3329 25.3

Not known -2 447 3.4Not seen o 9061 69.0

Seen 1 298 2.3------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

(d) Hospital birth follow-up cllnlc

E028A Birth follow-up cllnlc: child aged 48 mths+


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

28

E028B Birth follow-up cllnlc:chlld 36-47 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E028C Birth follow-up cllnlc” child 24-35 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E028D Birth follow-up cllnlc: child 12-23 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E028E Birth follow-up cllnlc: child 6-11 mths

Not stated -3 3616 27.5Not Icnown -2 422 3.2Not seen o 8586 65.4Seen 1 511 3.9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E028F Birth follow-up cllnlc: child under 6 mths of age


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E028G Birth follow-up cllnlc: child’s age not knOwn

Not atated -3 3616 27.5Not known -2 422 3.2Not seen o 8931 68.0Seen 1 166 1.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

29

(e) Assessment Centre or cllnic for handicap

E029A Assessment centre for handicap: child 48 mtha+


------- -------

TOTAIJ 13135 100.0

E029B Assessment centre for handicap: child 36-47 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E029C Assessment centre for handicap. child 24-35 mths


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E029D Assessment centre for handicap: child 12-23 mths

Not stated -3 4140 31.5Not known -2 332 2.5Not seen o..— 8542 65.0Seen 1 121 .9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E029E Assessment centre for handicap: child 6-11 mths

Not stated -3 4140 31.5Not known -2 332 2.5Not seen o 8582 65.3Seen 1 81 .6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

30

E029F Assessment centre for handicap: child under 6 mths ofage

Not stated -3 4140 31.5Not known -2 332 2.5Not seen o 8585 65.4Seen 1 78 .6

----.-- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E029G Assessment centre for handicap: child’s age not known

Not stated -3 4140 31,5Not known -2 332 2.5Not seen o 8594 65.4Seen 1 69 .5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

QuestIon B.1 Has N ever been apparated from his/her mother ormother substitute for one month or more? ExcludeN’s hospxtal adumsslona and check these aredetailed In B.9

E030 Mother and child ever separated 1 1 month

Yes 1 654 5,0None known 2 12481 95.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

The followlng note applles to all variables glvlng details ofseparations of child from mother: E030 - E036Y.

—~.QuestIon B.7 on the Home Interview Questlonnalre haa been used torecord details of ‘motherless’ periods followlng divorce,separation or death of the mother. There 1s no eaay way oflsolatzng these ‘permanent’ mother-child separations from the‘temporary’ separations as there 1s often considerable overlapbetween these two types of situations.

It 1s recommended, however, that analyses concerned with mother-chlld separations be llmlted to children llvlng with both nat uralparents, at the time of the survey. This w1ll help to reduceconfusion between ‘separation effects’ and ‘marital breakdown ordeath of parents effects’.

31

If yes, give total number of separations of one month or more,excluding

E031

E032

~:Where theoccasions

N’s hoapltal admieaions,

Separations: total number

o1

234568

Total

1248156460233211

------- .

13135

95.04.3.5.2.0.0.0.0

,------

100.0

Separations: total number of months separated

child was separated form mother on two or morecoders added-the time separated for

Code -3 used only If length of sep~ratlon wasknown for every period.

Not stated -3 40Not applicable -1 12481Total months given 614

-------

Total 13135

Range 1 - 50

E033 1st separation: age In years

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1<1 year o

12345

Total

71

1248113914410812811611

-------

13135

all periods given.not stated or not

395:04.7

-------

100.0

.1

.095.01.11.1.8

1.0.9.1

-------

100.0

. .

32

E034A 1st separation: reason

Not stated -3 3 .0Not known -2 2 .0Not amllcable -1 12481 95.0A.B.c.D.E.F.G.H.

A.

B.

c.

D.

E.F.

G.

H.

Ps~~hlatrlc: motherIll motherParental disharmonyHolldaywSlbllng birthOther person 111Death In familyOther

12345678

Total

852221226863136

70-------

13135

.61.7.9,55:1.0.5

-------

100.0

Where the codes were used as follows:

Any reference to psychiatric Illness or dlaturbance Inmother or mother substitute, Examples: nervous breakdown,depression.Any form of Illness in mother or mother substitute, anyIllness not suggestive of psychiatric condltlon or NOS.Parental disharmony and parent figure rivalry, examples:mother left, parents separated, divorced, marital breakdown,father took child from mother.Separation for neutral or nice sltuatlon, examples: motheror child on hol~day, vlsltlng relatlons.Birth of brother/sister.Illness of member of close family unit (excludlng mother),Lncluded father, brotherlslster, grandparents.Death of member of close family unit, include”mother/father, brother/sister, grandparents.Other reasons, e.g. adoption.

E034B 1st separation: duration in months—

Vague response -4 14Not stated -3 32Not applicable -1 12481

1 3332 773 674 145 206 187 58 74

-------

Total 13135

1:2

95.02.5.6.51:2,1.0.6

-------

100.0

33

E034C 1st separation: place of

Not statedNot knownNot applicableOwn homeRelatlve’s homeNon-relative’a homeOther homeInstitutionElsewhereMore than 1 place

-3-2-11234567

Total

care

93

1248122926984144132

-------

13135

E035A 2nd separatlon:age In years

Not stated -3 1Not known -2 1Not applicable -1 13045

0 51 142 173 214 275 4

------.

TOTAL 13135

E035B 2nd separation: reason

Not stated -3 1Not known -2 1Not applicable -1 13045A.—B.c,D.E.F.G.H.

Psychzatrlc. motherIll motherParental disharmonyHolldayaSlbllng birthOther person 111Death In familyOther

12345678

TOTAL

11

3020156114

-------

13135

.1

.095.01.72.0.61:3.0.0

-------

100.0

.0

.099.3

.01:1.2.2.0

-------

100.0

.0

.099.3

1:2.21:0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

34

E035C 2nd separation: duration (months)

Vague response -4Not stated -3Not applicable -1

1234567

8 or more months 8

TOTAL

410

130454511641216

-------

13135

E035D 2nd separatlon” place of care

Not statedNot knownNot applicableOwn homeRelatlve’s homeNon-relatlve’s homeOther homeInstltutlonElsewhere

-3-2-1123456

TOTAL

E036A 3rd separation: age

31

130452633132

111

,------

13135

Not stated -3 1Not known -2 2Not applicable -1— 13105

1 22 53 84 115 1

-------

TOTAL 13135

.0

.199.3

.31

:0.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

.0

.099.3

.23:1.01:0

-------

100.0

.0

.099.8

.0

.0

.11

:0-------

100.0

E036B 3rd aeparatlon: reason

Not applicable -1 13105 99.8A. Psychlatrlc: mother 1 5 .0B. Ill mother 2 6 .0c.D.E.F.H.

Parental disharmony 3 8 1Holldays 4 5 :0Slbllng birth 5 1 .0Other person 111 6 1 .0Other 8 4 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

35

E036C 3rd separation” duration

Vague response -4Not stated -3Not applicable -1

12345688 or more months

TOTAL

E036D 3rd separation place of


Own home 1Relatlve’s home 2Non-relatlve’s home 3Instltutlon 5

TOTAL

E036E 4th separation age

Not known -2Not applicable -1

124

TOTAL

E036F 4th separation reason

Not applicable -1A. Psychlatr~c mother 1B. 111 mother 2c. Parental disharmony 3D. Holldays 4

(months)

15

1310515311121

-------

13135

care

1

131058

1065

-------

13135

1

13128123

-------

13135

131283211

-------

.0

.099.8

1:0.0.0.0.0,0

-------

100.0

.099.8

.11:0.0

-------

100.0

.099.9

.00:0

-------

100 0

99.90:0.0.0

-------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

36

E036G ‘lth separat~on duration (months)

Not stated -3 2Not applicable -1 13128

1 22 14 1

8 or more months 8 1-------

TOTAL 13135

E036H 4th separation place of care

Not statedNot applicableOwn homeRelatlve’s homeNon-relatlve’s homeInstltutlon

E0361 5th separation

Not statedNot knownNot applicable

E036J 5th separation

— Not applicableA. Psychlatrlc motherB. 111 motherC. Parental disharmony

-3-11235

TOTAL

age

-3-~-134

TOTAL

reason

.1

1

23

TOTAL

1

131283111

-------

13135

11

1313111

-------

13135

13131211

-------

13135

E036K 5th separation duration (months)


2 14 1

-------

.099.9

.0

.0

.0

.0-------

100.0

.099.9

.0

.0

.0

.0-------

100.0

.00

100.0.00

-------

100.0

100.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

0100.0

.0

.0-------

TOTAL 13135 100 0

37

E036L 5th separation: place of care

Not applicable -1 13131Own home

100.01 3 .0

Non-relatlve’a home 3 1 .0--.---- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036M 6th separation: age


4 1 .0------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036N 6th aeparatlon. reason

Not applicable -1 13133 100.0A, Psych~atrlc: mother 1 1 .0C, Parental disharmony 3 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036P 6th separation: duration (months)


3 1 .0------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036Q 6th separation: place of care—

Not applicable -1 13133 100.0Own home 1 2 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036R Ith separation: age


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036S 7th separation: reason

Not applicable -1 13134 100.0A. Psychlatrlc: mother 1 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

38

E036T 7th separation: duration (months)


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036U 7th separation: place of care

Not applicable -1 13134 100.0Own home 1 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036V 8th separation: age

Not applicable -1 13134 100.04 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036W 8th separation. reason

Not applicable -1 13134 100.OOther 8 1 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036X 8th separation duration (months)

Vague response -4 1 .0]ot applicable -1 13134 100.0

------- -------—

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E036Y 8th separation: place of care

Not applicable -1 13134 100.0Instltutlon 5 1 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

39

QuestIon B.8 Did the mother herself, as far as ahe canremember, ever spend more than a short time awayfrom her parents aa a child?

E037 Mother away from home as a child

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable* -1Yes-fostered/In care 1Yes-other reason 2No 31 and 2 apply 4

Total

207 1.6215 1.6

.43X 3.0

2276 17.39955 75.8

34 .3------- -------

13135 100.0

* no current mother figure

Queatlon B.9 Has N ever been In hoapltal overnight or longerfor any reason whatsoever? Exclude lnltlal stayIn maternity home/hospital.

E038 Hoapltal lnpatlent: ever admitted

Yes 1 3350 25.5No evidence of having been 2 9785 74.5adm~tted

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Details available on Hospital Admlsslon file.

QuestIon B.11 Please enquire or state from your own knowledgewhether N haa been seen by any of the followingsince tbe fourth birthday and/or previous tofourth birthday.

Seen by a general practitioner at surgery/health centre

E052 Seen by GP at surgery

Not stated -3 791Not known -2 106Yes after 4th birthday 1 1616Yes before 4th b~rthday 2 2371Yes before & after age 4 3 7243Yes age NK 4 1Never 5 1007

------- .

Total 13135

6,0.8

12.318.155.1

.07.7

-------

100.0

40

Seen by a general practitioner at home visit:

E053 GP home vlslt

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before k after age 4Yes age NKNever

-3 2278-2 1951 14972 33763 32844 15 2504

_______

Total 13135

Seen by dentlat for Lnapection, not therapy:

E054 Dental InspectIon

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after 4Never

Seen by dentist for fllllng

E055 Dental treatment

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthday—Yee before & after age 4Never

17.31.5

11.425.725.0

.019.1

-------

100.0

-3 909 6.9-2 88 .71 3197 24.32 1484 11.33 3613 27.54 3844 29.3. ------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

s) , extractlon(s , etc:

-3 3086 23.5-2 69 51 2609 19:92 702 5.33 627 4.84 6042 46.0

-------

100.0

-------

Total 13135

Seen by doctor for routine medical exam~natlon In nursery orschool altuatlon, apeclfy”

E056 School medical

Not statedNot knownYea after 4th birthdayYea before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Never

-3 561-2 1181 38862 5193 4004 7651

------- .

Total 13135

4.3.9

29.64.03.0

58.2-------

100.0

4’

41

Seen by speech therapist:

E057 Speech therapxst

Not statedNot knownYes after age 4Yes before age 4Yes before k after age 4Never

-3 8S2 6.7-2 751 3022 1393 764 11661

-------

Total 13135

Seen by speech therapist: age flret seen:

E058 Speech theraplst:age first seen


0 11 32 363 1614 2415 24

-------

Total 13135

Seen by child guidance cllnic:

E059 Child guidance

Not stated -3 S30Not known -2 60Yes after 4th birthday 1 47-—Yes before 4th birthday 2 30Yes before & after age 4 3 11Never 4 12157

-------

Total 13135

Seen by child guidance clmlc: age

E060 Child guidance.age first


02345

Total

first seen:

seen

.62.31.1.6

88.8-------

100.0

96:;.0,03

1:21.8.2

-------

100.0

6.3.5.4.21

92:6-------

100.0

22 .213047 99.3

1 .08 1

23 :230 .24 .0

------- -------

13135 100.0

42

Question B.12 Has N had any of the followingand/or prev~ous to past year?

ODeratlOns

(a) Tonsillectomy or T’s and A’s:

E061 Tonsils

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & afterYes but age NKNever

(b) Adenoldectomy

E062 Adenoids

Not statedNot known

age 4

alone:

Yes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Never

-3-212345

Total

-3-21234

Total

3728

173105

31

12473-----.

13135

4231281632

12554------

13135

in the paat year

2.81

1:3.8.0.0

95.0-------

100.0

3.21:6.5.0

95.6-------

100.0

(c) Clrcumcls\On:

E063 Clrcumclslon-.

Not stated -3 804 6.1Not known -2 11 1Yes after 4th birthday 1 65 :5Yes before 4th birthday 2 323 2.5Yes but age NK 3 1 .0Never 4 11931 90.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

43

(d) Hernia operation:

E064 Hern~a

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Never

-3 410-2 81 252 1893 64 12497

------- .

Total 13135

3.11

:21.4.0

95.1-------

100.0

(e) Appendicectomy:

E065 Appendlcectomy

Not stated -3 432 3,3Not known -2 6 .0Yea after 4th birthday 1 17 1Yes before 4th birthday 2 24 :2Never 3 12656 96.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100,0

(f) Any other operation.

E066 Other

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th b~rthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Yes but age NK—Never

Medical cond~tlons

(g) Eczema:

E067 Eczema

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Never

-3-212345

Total

620 4.713 1

175 1:3501 3.837 31 :0

11788 89.7------- -------

13135 100.0

-3 518-2 621 1652 9053 4694 11016

------- -

Total 13135

3.9.5

1.36.93.6

83.9-------

100.0

(h) Hay

E068

44

fever or sneezing attacks.:

Hay fever and sneezing

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes after 4th birthday 1Yes before 4th birthday 2Yea before & after age 4 3Never 4

Total

(1) Ear discharge (pus not wax):

E069 Ear dlacharge

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes after 4th birthday 1Yes before 4th birthday 2Yes before & after aue 4 3

565 4.349 .4

160 1.21’70 1.3219 1.7

11972 91.1------- -------

13135 100.0

513 3.931 2

474 3:6629 4.8346 2.6

Never

(J) Repeated

4 11140 84.8------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

sore throats requlrlng medical attention:

E070 Sore throats

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes after 4th birthday 1Yes before 4th birthday 2Yes before k after age 4 3.—Never 4

Total

40234

581749

129310076

-------

13135

(k) Habitual snoring or mouth breathing:

E071 Snoring

Not stated -3 403Not known -2 87Yes after 4th birthday 1 591Yes before 4th birthday 2 543Yes before & after age 4 3 1405Never 4 10106

-------

Total 13135

3.1.3

4.45.79.8

16.7-------

100.0

3.1.7

4.5

1::+76.9

-------

100.0

45

(1) Bronchitis:

E072 Bronchltls

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYes before & after age 4Yes but age NKNever

(m) Pneumonia:

E073 Pneumonia

Not statedNot knownYes after 4th birthdayYes before 4th birthdayYea before & after age 4Yes but age NKNever

-3 424-2 581 3942 11853 5844 25 10488

------- .

Total 13135

-3-212345

Total

(n) Menlngltls or encephalitis:

E074 Menlngltls or encephalitis

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes after 4th birthday 1Yes before 4th birthday 2Yea before k after age 4 3Yes but age NK 4Never 5

Total

5233644

15561

12370------- .

13135

54329103331

12516.------ -

13135

3.2.4

3.09.04.4.0

79.8-------

100.0

4.0.3.3

1.2.0.0

94.2,------

100.0

4.12:13:0.0

95.3-------

100.0

(o) Hearing d~fflculty (suspected or confirmed):

E075 Hearing difficulty

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes after 4th birthday 1Yes before 4th birthday 2Yes before & after age 4 3Yes but age NK 4Never 5

Total

46442

541324188

211574------- .

13135

3.5.3

4.12.51,4

88::-------

100.0

46

(P) Any Vlslon Problem (except mulnt) (suspected or confirmed):

E076 Vlslon problem

Not stated -3 547 4.2Not known -2 41 .3Yes after 4th birthday 1 229 1.7Yes before 4th birthday 2 153 1.2Yes before k after age 4 3 66 .5Yes but age NK 4 3 .0Never 5 12096 92.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon B.13 Were there any of the followlng dlfficultlea withN when he/she was a baby (i.e. under 6 months ofage )7

(a) Excessive crying:

E077 Exceaslve crying

Not statedNot knownYesNo

-3 111 .8-2 70 51 1850 14:12 11104 84.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

(b) Frequent feeding problems:

E078 Frequent feeding problems

Not stated -3 138 1.1Not known -2 61 5

.—Yea 1 1727 13:1No 2 11209 85.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

(c) Frequent sleeplng difficulty at night:

E079 Frequent sleeplng dlfflcultles

Not stated -3 132 l.ONot known -2 65 .5

Yes 1 1780 13.6No 2 11158 84.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

47

QuestIon B.14 Has N ever had an accident requiring medicaladvice or treatmentPlease Include accidents in the road, home andelsewhere, accidental lngee.tlon ofmedlcineslpolsons, burns/scalda, fracturen, eyelnJurles, near-drowning, bad cuts and otherlnjurles, with or without unconsciousness, andnon-accidental Injuries.

E080 Accident

Yes 1 5703 43.4No evidence of having had an 2 7432 56.6accident

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Details available on Accident file

Question B15. Has N ever had one or more attacka or bouts inwhich he/she had wheezing on the chest, regardlessof the cause?

E087 Wheezing: ever occurred

Not stated -3 91 7Not known -2 67 :5Yes 1 2698 20.5No 2 10274 78.2Yes edited In* 3 5 .0

.------ -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

(*i.e. from elsewhere on questlonnalre)

.—If ~, please complete the followlng details

(a) Age at first or only attack m which helshe wheezed on thechest:

E088 Wheezing: age at first attack (years)

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1< 1 year o

12345

TOTAL

188 1.415 1

10432 79:41030 7.8388 3.0378 2.9365 2.8326 2.513 .1

------- -------

13135 100.0

48

E089 Wheezing: number of attacks In lat year

Vague answer -4Not stated -3Not appllcahle -1None o

12345678

1:11121314151822

TOTAL

[N.B. These data are not consistentas given on the questlonnalre]

45 .3570 4.3

10432 79.41017 7.7517 3.9246 1.9150 1.154 .427 .244 .32 .02 .03 .09 12 :0

10 .11 .01 .01 .01 .01 .0

------- -------

13135 100.0

with those In E088 but are

49

E090 Wheezing: number of attacks between 1st and 4thbirthdays

None

[N.B.given

Vague answer -4

Not stated -3

Not applicable -10123456789

10111214151617182021242528303136404548505597

TOTAL

103422

1043243945632927117963

164174932332

644

1451

13162521317111111

.83.2

79.43.33.52.52.11.4.5

1.21:4.2.3.0.5.0.1.0.0.11:0.0.0.0,0.01:0.0.0.0.0.0

------- -------

13135 100.0

These data are not consistent with those in E088 but are ason the questlOnnalrel

50

—

E091 Wheezing: number of attacks since 4th birthday

Vague anawer -4Not stated -3Not applicable -1None o

123456789

1011121420304666

TOTAL

56515

10432904639247137’762852781

152911311

-------

13135

.43.9

79.46.94.91.91.0.62:4.11:0

::.1.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.O

(c) Number of tlmea ever admitted to hoapltal with any wheezingIn the chest, whatever the cause

E092 Wheezing: times admitted

Not stated -3Not applicable -1Never o

123456769

TOTAL

5151043218662493720543121

-------

13135

3.979.414.21.9

3:2.0.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

51

(d) Please describe what the mother was told about the diagnoalsin her own words

E093 Cause of wheezing - according to mother

Not stated -3Not applicable -1Asthma no bronchltla 1Asthma + bronchltla 2Wheezing + bronchitis 3Wheezing + croup, no bronchitis 4Wheezing only 5

TOTAL

2510433

21357

649303

1455-------

13135

.279.41.6.4

4.92.3

11.1-------

100.0

Question B16. Has N ever had any form of convulsion, fit,seizure or other turn In which consciouaneas waslost, or any part of the body made abnormalmovements~

E094 Flt/faint/blackout

Not stated -3 27 .2Not known -2 99 .8Yes 1 738 5.6No 2 12271 93.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Queatlon B.17 Has N ever worn or been prescribed glaaaes~

E101 Glasses

Not stated -3 35 .3Not known -2 6 .0

—.Yes still has to wear them 1 421 3.2Yes but does not have to 2 53 .4wear them nowNo 3 12620 96,1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

QuestIon B.18 Haa N ever had a squlntg

E102 Ever had squint

Not stated -3 89 7Not known -2 41Yea now

:31 490 3.7

Yes past but not now 2 483 3.7No never 3 12032 91.6

------- ------.

TOTAL 13135 100.0

If ~, what treatment

E103 Treatment

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNo treatment needed

52

was given?

Patch over one eye (P)Glasses (G)G+PEye exerclaes (E)E+PE+GE+P+GOperation (0)O+PO+GP+O+GE+OP+E+OE+G+OP+E+G+ONever attendedor treatment

for advice

QuestIon B.19 Has N ever hacwith speech?

E104

NotNotYes

—— YesYesNo

E105

NotNotYesYesYesNo

Stammer or stutter

statedknownat present mildsevereIn past but not now

-3-2-112468

101214161820222426283091

3831

1216237023

1107226102930421922337

a112862

.3

.292.62.8.2.8.5.2.1.2.2.3.1.2.31

:11:2.5

I’OTAL

------- -------

13135 100.0

a stammer or any other difficulty

-3-21234

I’OTAL

Other speech difficulty

stated -3known -2at present mild 1severe 2In past but not now 3

4

TOTAL

1038 7.915 .1

371 2.818 .1

404 3.111289 85.9

------- -------

13135 100.0

1091 8.317 1

901 6:9113 .9349 2.7

10664 81.2------- -------

13135 100.0

,

53

Question B,20 Do people outside N’s household easily understand

E106

NotNotN’sAl 1

what he/she aaye.~

Speech understood

stated -3known -2main language not Engllsh 1or nearly all of N’s speech 2

1s understood outs~de mmedlatefamilySome of N’s speech understood 3outside Immediate familyHardly any of N’s speech 4understood outside lmmedlatefamilyN’s speech understood only 5by Immediate familyEven lmmedlate family have 6difficulty In understandingN’s speechOther answer 7

TOTAL

QuestIon

E1llA

278 2.113 1

396 3:012007 91.4

B23. Has N’s natural mother orbrothers or sister of N’s

335 2.6

36 .3

9 .1

38 .3

23 .2-.----- -------

13135 100.0

followlnge

Natural mother - asthma

Not stated -3Not known -2No oYes 1

TOTAL

E1llB Natural mother - hayfever


TOTAL

natural father or anyever had any of the

1622 12.370

10925 83:;518 3.9

------- -------

13135 100.0

1622 12.370 5

10327 78:61116 8.5

------- -------

13135 100.0

54

E1ll C Natural mother - eczema

Not stated -3 1622 12.3Not known -2 70 .5No o 10864 82.7Yes 1 579 4.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E1llD Natural mother - late reader (I.e. not reading by 7years )


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E1llE Natural mother - poor reader or non-reader at present


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E1llF Natural mother - convulsion or fit(s)

Not stated -3 1622 12.3— Not known -2 70 .5

No o 11221 85.4Yes 1 222 1.7

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E1llG Natural mother - bedwettlng after 5 years of age


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

55

E1llH Natural mother - late In learning to speak


TOTAII

E112A Natural dad - aathma


TOTAL

E112B Natural father - hayfever


TOTAL

1622 12.370 .5

11296 86.0147 1.1

------- -------

13135 100.0

1985 15.198 7

10525 80:1527 4.0

------- -------

13135 100.0

1985 15.198 .7

10154 77.3898 6.8

------- -------

13135 100.0

E112C Natural father - eczema


.— No 0 10693 81:4Yes 1 359 2.7

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E112D Natural father - late reader (I.e. not reading by 7years )


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

56

E112E Natural father - poor reader or non-reader at present


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E112F Natural father - convulsion or fit(s)

Not stated -3 1985 15.1Not known -2 98 7No o 10913 83:1Yes 1 139 1.1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E112G Natural father - bedwettlng after 5 years of age

Not stated -3 1985 15.1Not known -2 98 7No o 10717 81:6Yes 1 335 2.6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E112H Natural father - late In learnlng to speak


— NO o 10919 83:1Yes 1 133 l.O

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E113A Slbllnga - asthma

Not stated -3 1473 11.2Not known -2 655 5.0No o 10353 78.8Yes 1 654 5.0

.------ -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

57

E113B Slbllngs - hayfever

Not statedNot knownNOYes

E113C Slbllngs - eczema

Not statedNot knownNoYes

-3-201

TOTAL

-3-201

1473 11.2655 5.0

9600 73.11407 10.7

------- -------

13135 100.0

1473 11.2655 5.0

9626 73.31381 10.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E113D Slbllngs - late reader (I.e. not reading by 7years )

Not stated -3 1473 11.2Not known -2 655 5.0NO o 10318 78,6Yes 1 689 5.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E113E Slbllngs - poor reader or non-reader at present

Not stated -3 1473 11.2Not known -2 655 5.0No o 10266 78,2Yes 1 741 5.6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E113F Slbllngs - convulsion or fit(s)

Not stated -3 1473 11.2Not known -2 655 5.0No o 10413 79.3Yes 1 594 4.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E113G Slbllngs

Not statedNot knownNoYes

58

bedwettlng after

-3-201

TOTAL

E113H Slbllngs - late In learnlng


TOTAL

5 years of age

1473 11.2655 5.0

9513 72.41494 11.4

------- -------

13135 100.0

to speak

1473 11.2655 5.0

10307 78.5700 5.3

------- -------

13135 100.0

59

SECTION C: TELEVISION VIEWING AND READING

QuestIon C.1 Doee N ever watch television at home?

E114 Ever watch television

Not stated -3 37 .3Not known -2 3 .0Yes almost every day 1 11304 86.1Yes occasionally 2 1663 12.7No never 3 128 1.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Queatlon C.2 Complete the followlng details of N’a televle.lonvlewlng at home In the paat aeven days, by ring~ngall appropriate numbers for each day. Start withyesterday and go back day by day through the week.

E115 No. of week days (I.e. Monday - Friday) TV seen after6 p.m.

Not stated -3012345

TOTAL

16876951305689420515

2343-------

13135

1.358.69.95.23.23.9

17,8-------

100.0

.—E116 Weekend vlewlng after 6 p.m.

Not stated -3 50s 3.9Ne~ther day o 7955 60.6Saturday 1 1S42 14.0Sunday 2 575 4.4Saturday and Sunday 3 2255 17.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

.—

60

QuestIon C.3 Give total number of hours N watched each day mthe paat aeven daya

E117 Average hours per day watched TV Monday - Friday

Not stated -3 503 3.8Under 1 hour o 3500 26.6

1 3803 29.02 3277 24.93 1185 9.04 513 3.95 208 1.66 90 7

7 hours or more 7 56 ;4.------ -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E118 Average hours per day watched TV at weekenda

Not statedUnder 1 hour

7 hours or more

QuestIon C.4 What typea ofRing all that

E120 Watches children’sStreet, etc)

Not statedYesNo

E121 Watches cartoona

Not statedYesNo

-301234567

TOTAL

1058362431142603134974431722898

-------

13135

8.127.623.719.810.35.72.41.7.7

-------

100.0

TV programmed does N watch at home?apply.

programmed (e.g. Playschool, Sesame

-3 29 .21 12278 93.52 828 6.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

-3 29 .21 12131 92.42 975 7.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

e’

61

E122 Watches thrillers/dramatic programmed (e.g. cowboy,gangster, science fiction, war films, etc)

Not stated -3 29 .2Yes 1 5548 42.2No 2 7558 57.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

E123 Watches comedy programmed/series

Not stated -3 29 .2Yes 1 6828 52.0No 2 6278 47.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100,0

E124 Watches competition/quiz programmed (e.g. Double YourMoney, Golden Shot, etc)

Not stated -3 29 2Yes 1 4173 31:8No 2 8933 68.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E125 Watches

Not statedYesNo

—

E126 Watches

Not statedYesNo

sport

-312

TOTAL

news programmed

-312

TOTAL

292746

10360-------

13135

291090

12016-------

13135

.220.978.9

-------

100.0

.28.3

91.5-------

100.0

E127 Watches documentary programmed (e.g. animal, travelfilms. etc)

Not stated -3 29 .2Yes 1 6668 50.8No 2 6438 49.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

62

E128 Watches other types of programmed

Not stated -3 29 .2Yes 1 568 4.3No 2 12538 95.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Quest~on C.6 Ring In column A all wholeast once In the past 7the one person who reads

E129 A. Persons reading to child

Not statedNot knownNobodyMother (M)Father (F)M+FOther adulta (0)M+OF+OM+F+OChild 11 years or older (OC)t4+ocF+OCM + F +OCOA + OCM + OA + OCF + OA + OCM + F + OA + OCChild under 11 yrs (YC)M+YCF+YC—M + F +YCOA + YCM + OA + YCF + OA + YCM + F + OA + YCOc + YcM + OC + S’CF + OC + YCM + F + OC + YCOA + OC + YCM + OA + OC + YCF+ OA + OC + YCM + 1? + OA + OC + yc

-3-20123456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031

have read to N at home atdaya. Ring In column Bto N most often.

30647

12761874475

215422156811399032428873

32024769

108722899179

102352

20525

31582

12825

14310267

48

2.3.4

9.714.33.6

16.41.74.3.9

7.52.52.2.6

2.42:6.1.8

5.56.81.47.8.4

1.6.2

2.4.6

l.O2

1:11:21:4

TOTAL 13135 100.0

63

E130 B. Person who reads to child most often

Not statedNot knownNobodyMotherFatherOther adultChild 11 yrs or moreChild under 11 yrsMother & father equally

-3-20123456

TOTAL

105584

83264922023440665

1212332

------- .

13135

8.0.6

6.349.415.43.35.19.22.5

-------

100.0

QuestIon C.7 On how many days has N been read to at home In thepast 7 days?

E131 Number of day% read to In Past week

Not stated -3 213 1.6Not known -2 362 2.8Not read to In past week o 1514

1 7812 14763 14924 10945 8496 4267 4929

-------

TOTAL 13135

11.55.9

11,211.48.36.53.2

37,5-------

100.0

64

SECTION D: NURSERY, PLAYGROUP AND SCHOOL EXPERIENCE

QuestIon D.1 A. Ring in the first column A, any school,playgroup or nursery placements N attenda at thepresent (or attended last term If at present onholiday). If currently attending more than one,ring all he/she attends In column A.

B. Ring In the second column, B all otherplacements attended previously for three months orlonger, that he/ehe has since stopped attending.

E133 Present placement - local education authority (free)nursery school

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 274 2.1No 2 12555 95.6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

E134 Present placement - private (fee charged) nurseryschool


Yes 1 101 .8No 2 12728 96.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E135 Present placement - local education authority nurseryclass attached to infant/primary school


Ye5 1— 416 3.2

No 2 12413 94.5------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E136 Present placement - private nursery class attached toinfant/primary school

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 27 .2No 2 12802 97.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

65

E137 Present placement - local education authorityInfant/primary school

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 10380 79.0No 2 2449 18.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E138 Present placement - independent/private normal school

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 289 2.2No 2 12540 95.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E139 Present placement - playgroup

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 633 4.8No 2 12196 92.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E140 Present placement - special day school, nursery or unitfor physically or mentally handicapped children

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 61 .5No 2 12768 97.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

.—

E141 Present placement - local authority day nursery

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 26 .2No 2 12803 97.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E142 Present placement - private day nursery

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yes 1 12 .1No 2 12817 97.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

66

E143 Present placement - creche/kindergarten

Not stated -3 306 2.3Yea 1 14 .1No 2 12815 97.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E144 Present placement - other, Includlng mother & toddlerclub, Sunday school, ballet, music classes, etc

Not statedYesNo

E145 Previous placementnursery school

Not statedNot knownYesNo

E146 PrevlOus placementschool

Not statedNot knownYes -No

E147 Previous placement

-3 3061 1770 1:::2 11059 84.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

- local education authority (free)

-3 2604 19.8-2 12 11 916 7:02 9603 73.1

------- _______

Total 13135 100.0

- private (fee charged) nursery

-3 2604 19.8-2 12 .11 779 5,92 9740 74.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

- local education author~ty nurseryclass attached to infant/primary school

Not stated -3 2604 19.8Not known -2 12 .1Yes 1 1163 8.9No 2 9356 71.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

67

E148

NotNotYesNo

E149

Not

Not

Yes

No

E150

NotNotYesNo

E151

NotNotYes.—No

E152

NotNotYesNo

Previous placement - private nursery class attachedinfant/primary school

stated -3 2604 19.8known -2 12 .1

1 140 1.12 10379 79.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

Previous placement - local education authorityinfant/primary school

statedknown

Previous

statedknown

Previous

statedknown

Previousunit for

statedknown

-3 2604 19.8-2 12 .11 146 1.12 10373 79.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

‘LO

placement - independent/private normal schOOl

-3 2604 19.8-2 12 .11 34 .32 10485 79.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.O

placement - playgroup

-3 2604 19.8-2 12 11 5663 44:62 4656 35.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

placement - special day school, nursery Orphysically or mentally handicapped children

-3 2604 19.6-2 12 11 43 :32 10476 79.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

68

E153 PrevlOus placement - local authority day nursery


------- _______

Total 13135 100.0

E154 Previous placement - private day nursery

Not stated -3 2604 19.8

Not known -2 12 .1

Yes 1 187 1.4No 2 10332 78.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E155 Previous placement - creche/kindergarten

Not stated -3 2604 19.8Not known -2 12 .1

Yes 1 135 1.0No 2 10384 79.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E156 Previous placement - other Includlng mother & toddlerclub, Sunday school, ballet, music classes, etc

Not stated -3 2604 19.8

Not known -2 12 1

Yes 1 1232 9:4

No 2 9287 70.7— ------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

69

E157*

Main present placement

Not stated -3Does not attend oLEA nursery school 1Independent/private nursery 2schoolLEA nursery class 3Independent/private nursery 4classLEA infant/primary school 5Independent/private normal 6schoolPlaygroup 7Special school, nursery or unit 8for handicapped childrenLEA day nursery 9Private day nursery 10Creche, kindergarten 11Other, eg ballet/music class 14

Total

E158 Main previous placement*

Not stated -3Not known -2Does not attend oLEA nursery school 1Independent/private nursery 2schoolLEA nursery class 3Independent/private nursery 4clasaLEA infant/primary school 5Independent/private normal 6.—schoolPlaygroup 7Special school, nursery or unit 8for handicapped childrenLEA day nursery 9Private nursery 10

Creche, kindergarten 11Other, eg ballet/music claases 14

Total

39355’726195

40025

10379289

61959

2478

19-------

13135

2776

181;822664

1049103

13225

530924

1661326842

-------

13135

3.04.22.0.7

3.0.2

79.02.2

4.7.4

.2

.1

.1

.1-------

100.0

21.11

13:86.35.1

8.0.8

1.0.2

40.4.2

1.31.0

5:3

-------

100.0

4WIf child concurrently attended more than one place, details aregiven of the main one only.

’70

E159 Type of premises - present

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Normal school or nursery 1premisesVillage or community hall 2Church hall 3Private house 4Nursery In factory/industrial 5premisesOther kind of premises 6Attends two of above 7

Total

placement

474

95:10893

28622116810

E160 Type of premises - previous

1222

-------

13135

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1School or nursery premises 1Village hall or community hall 2Church hall 3Private house 4Nursery In factory/industrial 5premisesOther kind of premises 6Attends two of the above 7

Total

placement

3.6.1

7.282.9

2.21.71.3.1

.9

.0-------

100.0

233 1.815 1

4599 35:02427 18.51986 15.12364 18.0778 5.927 .2

692 5.314 .1

------- -------

13135 100.0

QuestIon D.5 (a) At what age did N start attending?

.—E161

NotNot<1

Age (year) started present

stated -3applicable -1year o

12345

Total

placement

121950

33

113761

92221962

------- -

13135

97:2.0.09

5;870.214.9

-------

100.O

71

E162 Age (year) started previous placement

Not stated -3 174Not known -2 1Not Applicable -1 4599< 1 year o 52

1 982 14853 52224 14985 6

-------

Total 13135

1.3.0

35.0.47

11:339.811.4

.0-------

100.0

(b) At what age dld N stop attending the prevloua placement’

E163 Age stopped previous placement

Not stated -3Not applicable -1< 1 year o

12345

Total

1534599

21553

5366813964

------

13135

1.235.0

.01;4

4.151.97.3

-------

100.0

QuestIon D.6 Days and periods of N’s attendance

Ring the appropriate numbers under each day of theweek to show whether N attended in the morning,afternoon or both, Enter in the last column theaverage length of a morning or afternoon sessionIn hours

E164 Number of morning sessions attended: present placement

Not stated -3 533 4.1Not applicable -1 950 7.2

0 21’7 1.71 117 .92 297 2.33 181 1.44 74 .65 10766 82,0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

72

.—

E165 Length (hours) of morning sessions: present placement


12 65;3 105384 1155 106 1

------- .

Total 13135

4.98.9.0

5.080,2

.91:0

,------

100.0

E166 Number of afternoon sessions attended: presentplacement


012345

Total

571950

100598734880

10310-------

13135

4.37.27.7

7:6.4.6

78.5-------

100,0

E167 Length (hours) of afternoon sessions: present placement


123456

Total

6641953187

87981474

5351

------- .

13135

5.114.91.4

67.011.2

,4.0.0

-------

100.0

E168 Number of morning sesalons: previous placement

Not statedNot applicable

-3 359 2.7-1 4599 35.00 978 7.41 559 4.32 2248 17.13 1432 10.94 329 2.55 2631 20.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

.-

73

E169 Length


E170 Number


E171 Lengthplacement


(hours) of morning sessions: previous placement

-3-1123456

Total

4665582

2325734233210435

,------

13135

3.542.5

.219,632.21.6.3.0

-------

100.0

of afternoon sessions: previous placement

-3 426-1 45990 58831 3082 3093 1194 425 1449

-------

Total 13135

3.235.044.82.32.4.9 ‘.3

11.0-------

100.0

(hours) of afternoon seaslona” previous

-3 421 3.2-1 10487 79.81 109 .82 1512 11.53 406 3.14 133 1.05 64 .56 3 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon D.7 Has the mother noticed any changes In Ndue to his/her attendance at present or

E172

NotNotNotYes,

placements?

Changes In child - present placement

stated -3 195 1.5known -2 33 .3applicable -1 950 7.2change noticed 1 7933 60.4

felt to beprevious

No,-no ch~nge noticed 2 3000 22.8Not attended long enough to say 3 695 5.3Cannot say 4 329 2.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

74

E173 Changes In child - previous

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Yes, change noticed 1No, no change noticed 2Not attended long enough to say 3Cannot say 4

Total

placement

538 4.141 .3

4599 35.04231 32.23184 24.2139 1.1403 3.1

------- _______

13135 100.0

If ~, what kind of changea have you notlcedv If only one ortwo are mentioned, ask ‘are there any other changea In him/heryou have noticedv’

E174 Kind of change related to speclflc skills (presentplacement)

Not stated -3 69 5Not applicable -1 5202 39:6None In this llst o 6830 52.0Improvement In language/speech 1 642 4.9Improvement In reading 2 177 1.3Improvement In wrltlng 3 78 .6Improvement in palntlng/ 4 79 .6drawingDeterloratlon In language/ 5 36 .3speechDeterloratlon In reading 6 4 .0Deterlorat~on In wrltlng 7 2 .0Deterloratlon In palntlng/ 8 16 .1drawing

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

..—

E175 Kind of change related to knowledge or personality(present placement)

Not stated -3Not applicable -1None in this llst oImprovement In knowledge/ 1understandingImprovement In personality/ 2socialImprovement In both the above 3Deterloratlon In knowledge 4underatandlngDeterloratlon In personality/ 5socialDeterloratlon In both the above 6Mixed 7Not clear 8

Total

715202328637

3602

5618

852

9508

1357------- .

13135

.539.62.54.8

27.4

4.3.1

6.5

.13.9

10.3-------

100.0

75

Examples of coding were as follows:

Improvement - change for the better:1. ~owleduelunderstandln.g : e.g. more Imaglnatlon, betterconcentration, more alert, knows more colours, learned nurseryrhymes, more Intelligent, knows more.

2. ~ Soc 1: more mature/confident, less aggressive,mixes better with other chxldren, sleep Improved, less/not soshy .

3. Both types of improvement mentioned, I.e. increasedknowledge and enhanced personality/social characteristics.

Deterloratlon - change for the worse”4. @owledRe/understandlnq : less lmaglnatlon, more dependent onothers for stlmulatlon, unable to concentrate for long, easilydistracted, not so bright.

5. Personalltv /sOclal less mature/confident, more aggressive,avoids other ch~ldren, cries more, more shy, difficulty sleeplng,more bed wetting, tires more easily, also any Item appearing Inllst for Q.8 In Maternal Self-Completion Questlonnalre.

6. Both types of deterioration mentioned.

7. !41xed - Improvements Ln some respects, deterioration Inothers. cries more, less shy, became more cheeky, learned tomlx with others.

8. Not clear whether change was an Improvement ordeterloratlon, or change described as ‘neutral’ , eg. remainedshy, uses hands more, content to slt quietly drawing andpalntlng, became quieter, more talkatlve, cl~mbs more.

E176 Kind of change related to speclflc skills (previous

— placement)

Not stated -3Not applicable -1None In This List oImprovement m language/speech 1Improvement In reading 2Improvement In wrltlng 3Improvement In palntlng/ 4drawingDeterloratlon in language/ 5speechDeterloratlon In palntlng/ 8drawing

Total

5989043653409211351

11

14

.------ .

13135

.467.827.83.1.21

;4

.1

.1

,------

100.0

76

E177 Kind of change related to(previous placement)

Not stated -3Not applicable -1None In this llst oImprovement In knowledge/ 1understandingImprovement In personality/ 2socialImprovement In both the above 3Deterloratlon In knowledge/ 4understandingDeterloratlon In personalltyl 5socialDeterloratlon In both the above 6Mixed 7Not clear 8

Total

knowledge or personality

61 .58904 67.8225 1.7233 1.8

2490 19.0

215 1.610 .1

318 2.4

3 .078 .6

598 4.6------- -------

13135 100.0

Question D.8 Has mother regularly taken part or helped m anyway In the pl~ce(s)-N attended? (e.g. lookingafter the children, helping with theadm~nlstratlve side or In other ways)

E178 Mother helped - present placement

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Yes,at least once a week 1Yes,l-3 times a month 2Yes,Once or twice a term 3Yes,less than once a term 4No,mother’s help was not 5requiredNo,mother was busy doing other 6thingsNo,mother preferred not to 7

92949

998434205357157

8596

662

226take partChild not attendedto say

Other reply5 and 6 apply5 and 7 apply6 and 7 apply5+6+7 apply

long enough 8 405

9 5410 4211 1012 613 5

-------

Total 13135

7.1,4

7.63.31.62.71.2

65.4

5.0

1.7

3.1

.4

.3

.1

.0

.0_______

100.0

77

E179 Mother helped - previous placement

Not stated -3 371Not known -2 27Not applicable -1 4632Yes,at least once a week 1 754Yes,l-3 times a month 2 679Yes.once or twice a term 3 938Yes,less than once 4 202No,mother’s help was not 5 4633requiredNo,motherthingsNo,mothertake partChild notto say

was busy doing other 6 588

preferred not to 7 188

attended long enough 8 42

Other-reply 9 445 and 6 apply 10 235 and 7 apply 11 76 and 7 apply 12 45+6+7 apply 13 3

-------

Total 13135

If mother has taken part, please describe what

E180 Type of help - present placement

Not stated -3

Not applicable -1Management/advisory committee 1Working with children & staff 2Helplng at special occasion 3General help 4Working parties 5—Other ways 61 and 2 apply 71 and 3 apply 8

Total

3111982

8860814512394331813

-------

13135

2.8.2

35.35.75.27.11.5

35.3

4.5

1.4

.3

.3

.21

:0.0

-------

100.0

It was she did.

.291.2

.74:61.1

9:7.3.1.1

-------

100.0

Coding:

1. On management/advisory committee, etc. e.g. on parentteacher aaaoclatlon committee, treasure of Instltutlon, socialsecretary, chairman of playgroup, member of playgroup managementcommittee.2. Working with staff and directly Involved with children InInstltutlon-(excludlng special outings, e.g. playlng withchildren, llstenlng to reading, helplng with swlmmlng, helper, onrota system, playgroup leader).3. Helplng at special occasions e.g. helplng at Christmasparty, helplng at outings.

78

4. Glvlng general help In lnstltutlon of admlnxstrative typeand Involved with children but routine activities related toeveryday running of Instltutlon, e.g. tldylng up, clerlcalasalatance, meal time attendant/kitchen assistant.5. Working parties or groupa aet up occasionally for apeclalpurposea, e.g. fund ralslng actlvltles, making/maintaining toys,equipment, premises, etc, washing dolls clothes.

E181 Type of help - previous placement

Not statedNot applicableManagement/advisory committeeWorking with children & staffHelplng at special occasionsGeneral helpWorking partiesOther ways1 and 2 apply1 and 3 apply

-3-112345678

Total

73 .610562 80.4

76 .62040 15.5

83 .6137 1.083 .622 .2509 ::

------- -------

13135 100.0

Question D.9 Have N’a mother andlor father met the headteacher, supervisor or other staff from thepresent placement either before or since Natartedv (e.g. to dlSCU88 his/her settllng down,N’s school entry or anything else concerning N)

E182A Meetings with staff before - mother

Not statedNot knownNot applicableMet staff at playgroupMet at parent’s home—Uet elsewhereNo never met staffNo present placementPlaygroup, parent’s home

-3-2-1123467

Total

164429

5109655

4349

94217588

-------

13135

12.5.2

3.973.5

::7.21.3.7

-------

100.0

E182B Meetings with staff before - father

NotNotNotMetMetMet

stated -3 6000 45.?known -2 56 .4applicable -1 1037 7.9staff at playgroup 1 30’79 23.4at parent’s home 2 31 .2elsewhere 3 62 .5

No never met staff 4 2661 20.3No present placement 6 175 1.3Playgroup, parent’s home 7 34 .3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E182C Meetings with stafi since

Not statedNot knownNot applicableMet staff at playgroupMet at parent’s homeMet elsewhereNo never met statfho present placementPlaygroup, parent’s home

-.3-2-1123467

Total

E182D Meetings with staff since

Not statedNor knownNot .appllcableMet staff at playgroupMet at parent’s homeMet elsewhereNo never met staffIwopresent placementPlaygroup, parent’s home

-.3-2-112346i

Total

- mother

244.338

5078630

1952

120017571

-------

131.35

- father

572756

10.313494

2465

253117532

-------

13135

E.182E Persons who lnlt~ated meetings

Not stated -.3 718Not known -2 107Not applicable -1 1049Parent% 1 4740Staff 2 4230

— Other replv 3 240Parents and staif .4 2041Parents, staff. other 5 10

-------Total 13135

18.6.3

3.965.7

1:4

9.11.3.5

-------

100,0

43,6.4

7.826.6

.2,5

19.31.3.2

-------

100.0

5.5.8

8.036.1.32.21.8

15.5.1

-------

100.0

80

QuestIon D.1O If N is not at present attending infant/primaryschool (LEA or private) please give name andaddress of the school mother expects him/her toattend later. If mother doea not know whichinfantlprimary school N is to attend, put notknown.

(b) When does the mother expect N to startattending this infant/primary school?

E183A School entry

Not stated -3 427Not known -2 4Not appl~cable -1 10717Summer term 1975 1 1159Autumn term 1975 2 810Spring term 1976 3 18

------

Total 13135

3.3.0

81.68.86.2.1

------.

100.0

Queatlon D.11 Irreapectlve of whether or not N attended, did themother ever have his/her name down on a waitingllst to go to a playgroup, nursery school orclass, or day nursery?

E183B Waltlng llst

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes had name down on at least 1one waltlng llst for nurseryschool/class or playgroupHad name down on waltlng 2llst for day nurseryNo name has never been on 3—a waltlng llst1 and 2 apply 4

Total

762111

6308

265

5584

105-------

13135

5.88

48:0

2.0

42.5

.8-------

100.0

QuestIon D.12 Has N ever been regularly looked after during theday In someone else’s house, for three months orlonger? (For this purpose ‘regularly’ ia taken astwo or more hours weekly)

E184 Looked after by friend or nelghbour


------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

at’.

81

E185 Looked after by paid chlldm~nder

Not stated -3 236Not known -2 23Ye.9 1 345No 2 12531

-------

Total 13135

E186 Looked after by relatlve

Not stated -3 236Not known -2 23Yes 1 924No 2 11952

-------

Total 13135

E187 Looked after by other person

Not stated -3 236Not known -2 23Yes 1 51No 2 12825

-------

Total 13135

1.6.2

2.695.4

-------

100.0

1.8.2

‘7.091.0

-------

100.0

1.6.2.4

97.6-------

100.0

If ~, give age In completed years N was first regularly lookedafter In someone else’s house.

E166 Age first looked after

Not stated -3 . 63 .5Not known -2 21 ,2Not applicable -1 11462 87.3Under 1 year o 345 2.61 1 199 1.52 2 295 2.23 3 483 3.74 4 254 1.95 5 13 .1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

82

SECTION E: EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION OF PARENTS

Question E.1 Educational or occupational qualifications ofpresent parents

E189A Mother’s highest educational quallflcat~ons

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNoneVOcatlOnalO Level or equivalentA Level or equivalentState Registered Nurse orequivalentCertlflcate of EducationDegree or equivalentOther

-3-2-112345

678

Total

4884252

699818042241445320

295329121

------- -

13135

3.7.3.4

53.313.717.13.42.4

2.22.5.9

,------

100.0

CodlnK2. Quallflcatlons In shorthand and/or typing, tradeapprenticeships, or other vocational tralnlng, e.g. stateEnrolled Nurse (SEN) or Enrolled Nurse (Scotland), hairdressingdiploma, etc.3. G.C.E. ‘O’ level, S.C.E. ‘0’Grade, Certlflcate of SecondaryEducation, (CSE), City and Guilds Intermediate TechnicalCertlflcate, City and Guilds Final Craft Certlflcate.4. G.C.E. ‘A’ level, High School Certlflcate (HSC), HigherGrade of Scottish Leaving Certlflcate (SLC), Ord~nary NationalDiploma/Certlflcate (OND, ONC), City and Guilds Final Technic.alCertlflcate, Higher Grade of Scottish Certlflcate of Education(SCE).5. State Registered Nurse (SRN) or Registered Nurse (Scotland).6. Certlflcate of Educatzon (Teachers), Teaching Quallflcatlon—(Primary/Secondary Education .n Scotland).7. Degree (e.g. B.SC., BA, PhD), Higher NationalDiploma/Certlflcate (HND, HNC), Fiembershlp of ProfessionalInstltutlon (e.g. FCA, FRICS, MIMechE, MIEE, etc.) City andGuilds Full Technical Certlflcate.

E189B Father’s highest educational quallflcatlona

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNoneVocationalO Level or equivalentA Level or equivalentState Registered NurseCertlflcate of EducationDegree or equivalentOther

-3-2-112345678

Total

462254655

56761244194986933

1051650238

------- -

13135

3.51.95.0

43.29.5

14.86.6.3.8

12.61.8

,------

100.0

83

E190 Highest educational qualifications of parenta

[This gives the highest educational level of either parent.Where code 8 has been used, for one parent, but codes 2-7 for theother parent, codes 2-7 have been used as there IS no way ofknowing the relatlve level of code 8]

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNoneVocationalO Level or equivalentA Level or equivalentState Registered NurseCertlflcate of EducationDegree or equivalentOther

-3-2-112345678

Total

1563514

516616852703990228216

1739203

------- .

13135

1.2.3.1

39.312.820.67.51.71.6

13.21.5

-------

100.0

Queatlon E.2 At what age did the present parents leave schoolq

E191 Age mother left school

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable - no mother -1Never attended 1Age In completed years 8

91011121314151617181920212225

Total

5516525622

13184051

914796022409057207114321

.------ -

13135

.4

.1

.4

.4

.0

.0

.11:34

7:060.617.16.95.5.5.1,0.0.0

,------

100.0

84

E192 Age father left school

Not statedNot knownNot applicable -Never attendedAge In completed

-3 96-2 78

no father -1 6551 21

years 78

15

9 110 311 1212 2713 5514 119715 727616 185517 77818 88719 15020 2021 1222 123 124 125 227 1

-------

Total 13135

7:6

5.0.2.0.0.0.0.1.2.4

9.155.414.15.96.81.1.21:0.0.0.0.0

,------

100.0

QuestIon E.3 How many completed years of full-time educationdld the present parents have after leavlng school?(e.g. at college of education, at polytechnic, atunlverslty, etc)

E193 Years of post-s’chool education: mother

—Not stated -3 522 4.0Not known -2 5 .0Not applicable - no mother -1 52 .4None o 10631 80.9

1 674 5.12 529 4.03 442 3.44 177 1.35 78 .66 23 .27 2 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

7+ years

85

E194 Years of post-school education: father

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable - no father -1None o

1

7+ Years

234567

Total

70968

655959438241148131929514774

,------ .

13135

5.4.5

5.073.02.93.13.72.42.21.1.6

-------

100.0

E195 Years of full-time education after the age of 15mother

Not stated -3 38 .3Not known -2 3 .0Not appl~cable - no mother -1 52 .4None o 8515 64.8

1 2015 15.32 1020 7.83 547 4.24 237 1.85 245 1.96 280 2.17 122 98 45 :39 10 1

10 5 :011 1 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0.—.

[NB variables E195, E196 derived from E191 - E194]

86

E196 Years of full-time education after the age of 15:father

Not stated -3 59Not known -2 16Not applicable - no father -1 655None o 8018

1 16152 7843 5434 2535 2936 3467 2788 1529 76

10 4111 312 113 119 1

------- .

Total 13135

.4

.15.0

61.012.36.04.11.92.22.62.11.2.63:0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

QuestIon E.4 Occupation of present father

E.4 to E.6 refer to the father or father substitute, lncludlngfoster father, adoptive father, stepfather or any other fathersubstitute.

(a) What 1s the father’s actual Job, occupation, trade orprofession, or the last occupation If unemployed or retlredpFull and precise details of occupation are required. See “SurveyNotes and Information”.

(b) What 1s the Industry or business In which the father 1s.—

engaged? Give details of goods, material or aervlces. See“Survey Notes and Information”.

(c) Father’s employment status:

Self-employed - With 25 or more employeesWith less than 25 employeesWithout employees other than familyworkers

Employed - In manager~al posltlonAs foremen, supervisor, chargehand, etcNot In supervisory role

Other - Unemployed, sick, etcPlease describe situation

No father figureNot known, please explaln sltuatlon

E197 Social class: father’s occupation

Not statedNot knownNot applicableIIIIIINMIIIMIvvOther

-3-2-11

234567

Total

1914

655843

240510695726162060517

-------

13135

1.5.0

5.06.4

16.38.1

43.612.34.6.1

-------

100.0

Cocilng.

OffIce of Population Censuses and Surveys, Classlflcatlon ofOccupations: 1970, London, H.M.S.O. was used.

Other Includes full-time or part-time student with no other paidoccupation, e.g. teacher tralnlng, degree course, etc, or personsregularly engaged In unpaid voluntary work with no other paidoccupation, e.g. W.R.V.S. , helps In home for handicapped or

elderly persons, etc .

Unemployed or retired persons are coded according to their lastoccupations.

Classlflcatlon of servicemen’s occupations 1s based on the schemedetailed In the Table on the next page.

88

servicemen’s OccuDatlons

Coding was carried out using the O.P.C.S. Claaslflcatlon and amodification of the Hall-Jones Scale based on rank. (Oppenhelm,A.M., 1966, Questlonnalre Design and Attitude Measurement,London, Helnemann).

10 If rank was given, social class waa coded as below -disregarding any occupation which was given.

2. If rank was not given, the occupation was coded using theO.P.C.S. Classlflcatlon.

3. Descrlptlons such as ‘soldler’, ‘in the navy’ , ‘gunner’ .,‘bombadler’, etc, were regarded as unclasalflable, and coded 9.

M!2h

Army Navy RAF Social CodeClass

MaJOr and above Lleutenant-Commanderand above

Captain and below Lieutenant(commlssloned) and below

(commlssloned)

Warrant officer, Warrant officer,sergeant and petty officer andstaff-sergeant chief petty officer

Corporal and Leading seaman.— lance corporal

Private Able bodiedseaman

Inadequately described

Squadron leader I 1and above

Below squadron II 2leader(commlssloned)

Warrant officer, IIINM 3sergeant andfllght-sergeant

Corporal and IIIM 4leadlngalrcraftsman

Alrcraftsman 2 & IV 5Alrcraftsman 1

9

QuestIon E.5 Do any

E198 Father away

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNeverSometimesOften

E199 Father away

Not statedNot knownNot applicableNeverSometimesOften

E200

NotNotNot

89

of the followlng apply”

evenings until after N has gone to bed

-3 430 3.3-2 11 1-1 655 5:01 6953 52.92 3461 26.33 1625 12.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

most of Saturday andlor

-3 578-2 15-1 6551 83082 22183 1361

-------

Total 13135

Sunday

4.41

5:063.316.910.4

-------

100.0

Father works away for long periods (I.e. a month ormore at a time)

stated -3 831 6.3

known -2 29 2aDullcable -1 655 5:0

Never- - 1Sometimes 2

— Often 3

Total

E201 Father works overnight

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Never 1Sometimes 2Often 3

Total

11141336143

-------

13135

83026

65591901528906

-------

13135

84.82.61.1

-------

100.0

6.32

5:070.011.66.9

-------

100.0

90

E202 Father works shifts

Not stated -3 726Not known -2 38Not applicable -1 655Never 1 9455Sometimes 2 613Often 3 1648

------.

Total 13135

5.5.3

5.072.0

1:::-------

100.0

Queatlon E.6 For how many weeka has the father been off work Inthe paat 12 months, through Illness orunemployment or for other reasona?

E203A Number of weeks off work In past 12 months throughIllness or accident

Not stated -3 1284 9.8Not known -2 65 5Not applicable -1 655 5:0None o 7754 59.0No. of weeks given 3377 25.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range 1 - 52

E203B Number of weeks off work In paat 12 months throughunemployment

Not stated -3 3979 30.3. Not known -2 43 3

Not applicable -1 655 5:0None o 7581 57.7No. of weeks given 877 6.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range 1 - 52

91

QuestIon E.1 When the present father left school, what was hlsown father’s job? See ‘Survey Notes andInformation’ . If occupation not known put notknown.

E204A Fathers’ father’s occupation

Not known -2Not applicable -1I 1II 2III .3IIIM 4IVv ;

Total

2621 20.0514 3.9250 1.9

1702 13.0771 5.9

4678 35.61796 13.7803 6.1

------- -------

1313?) 100,0

QuestIon E.8 When the present mother left school, what was herown father’a Job? See ‘Survey Notes andInformation’ . If occupation not known put notknown.

E204B Mothers’ father’s occupation

Not known -2 1399 10.7Not applicable -1 587 4.5I 1 282 2.1II 2 1784 13.6III 3 937 7.1IIIM 4 5154 39.2Iv 5 2073 13.8v

6 919 7.0------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Queatlon E.9 Does present mother have a Job, either out of thehome or at home, or 1s ahe a full-time housewife?

E205 Mother’s current employment

Not statedNot applicableFull-tlrne housewlieRegular work outside homeOccasional work outside homeRegular work at homeOccasional work at homeHas two regular JobsOtherStudent/voluntary work etc

-J-112345678

Total

7052

746b422942’7568145751786

------- .

13135

::56.832.23.34.31.1.6.1.7

-------

100.0

92

~ edule:

1. Full-time housew~fe, no other kind of work.2. Mother works out of the home, regularly: full-time or part-tlme employment, lncludlng evenings, overnight or weekends.3. Mother works out of the home, occasionally: casual orfreelance worker obtaining work on a day-to-day baala orseasonally, e.g. fruit picking, etc.4. Mother works at home, regularly: family buslneaa, e.g. shop,farm, boarding house, clerlcal work for a self-employed husband,home industry i.e. working for a firm of manufacturers at home,etc.5. Occasionally: seasonal work done at home, eg. hollday bedand breakfast buslneas.

Mothers with more than one reuular .iob

Employment details of mothers with more than one Job are aafollows:

E206 Classlflcatlon IS given of Job In which mother spenda mosttime. If this waa not known the hlgheat claas was coded.

E207 Maximum period 1s givenE208 Total hours worked altogether 1s givenE209 All days worked 1s givenE21O Regularity of Job In which mother spent most time ls g~venE211 If child was looked after at home for one Job and away for

another code 3 was used (varies)E212, E213 All persons looklng after child are codedE214, E215 Coded as given on questionnaire

QuestIon E.1O Describe mother’s present Job. See ‘Survey Notesand Information’ .

(a) What is her actual Job’ (e.g. shopassistant, teacher, assembly llne worker, typist,stitcher, etc)

(b) What type of industry or business does shework in~ (e.g. greengrocers, ~nfant school,tobacco, Insurance, glovemaklng, etc)

(c) What kind of poaltion does mother occupy atwork? Managerial, aa foreman or aupervlsor, etc,non-supervisory position, works at home, other(please specify), cannot say/not known.

93

E206 Classlflcatlon of social class from mother’s occupation

Not statedNot applicableIIIIIINMIIIMIVvStudent/voluntary work

(d) How manyJob9 (IgnoreIllness)

E207 Number of years In

Not statedNot knownNot applicableUnder 1 Year

-3-11234567

Total

348177

29771

1431429

162954788

-------

13135

.362.3

.25.9

10.93.3

12.44.2.7

-------

100,0

years has mother been doing thisshort breaks for pregnancies or

present regular Job

-3-2-10123456789

1011121314151617181920212223242628303436

10425

817718678757303593299756797743824149232825148

10

1;332211211

.8

.262.314.26.75.62.72.5

7:46:63:6.3.42:2,21

:11:01:0.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0

------------ --

Total 13135 100.0

94

QuestIon E.11 Please show in the Table below the times (glvlnga.m. or p.m.) the mother started and finished workand the total hours worked each day last week. Ifnot working laat week, give details of the last

E208

Not

Not

Under-l hourNo . hours given

week worked.

Total hours worked

statedapplicable

during previous week

-3 86 7-1 8177 62:30 198 1.5

4674 35.6------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

range 1 - 98

E209A Type of days on which mother worked during previousweek

Not stated -3 262 2.0Not applicable -1 8177 62.3Weekdays only o 3375 25.7Weekdays + 1 weekend day 1 912 6.92 weekend days 2 409 3.1

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E209B No . of weekdays mother worked during previous week

Not statedNot applicableWeekend only1 weekday2 weekdays

— 3 weekdays4 weekdays5 weekdays

-3-1012345

Total

QuestIon E.12 Does mother work thee.e

E21O Regularity

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Every week the same 1No,mother works a shift system 2No,flxed pattern of work 3Other 4

Total

2628177171333502534590

2566-------

13135

2.062.31.32.53.84.14.5

19.5-------

100.0

hours regularly every week?

61 .59 1

8177 ‘ 62:33895 29.7138 1.1584 4.4271 2.1

------- -------

13135 100.0

95

—

QuestIon E.13 Please give average traveling time to and fromwork.

(a) traveling to work

(b) returning home

E21OA Travelllng time to work

Not statedNot applicableAt home0-14 mlns15-29 mlns30-44 mlns45-59 mlnslhr-lhr 14mlnslhr 15mlns-lhr 29mlnlbr 30mlns +

-3-101234567

Total

1588108578

2459114049488906

14------- -

13135

E21OB Travelllng time returning home

Not statedNot applicableAt home0-14 mlns15-29 mlns30-44 mlns45-59 mlnsIhr-lhr 14mlnslhr 15mlna-lhr 29mlnlhr 30mlns +

-3-101234567

Total

1.261.74.4

18.78.73.8

7:7.0.1

100.0

218 1.78108 61.7578 4.4

2423 18.41118 8.5499 3.886 .783 .67 1

15 :1------- -------

13135 100.0

Question E.14 When mother IS at work, 1s N usually looked afterat home or away from home? (If N 1s sonetimeslooked after at home and sometimes away from homering where he/she la ma~nly looked after)

E211 Where child looked after when mother works

Not stated -3Not lmown -2Not applicable -1At home 1Away from home 2Varlea 3

Total

35418

81’7726631675248

.------ .

13135

2.71

62:320.312.81.9

-------

100.0

96

QuestIon E,15 Who looks after N during mother’m. working hours?(ring all that apply)

E212 Who looks after child when mother IS working(I: relatlves)

Not statedNot applicableNone In this llstFather (F)Mother at home (MH)F+MHMother at work (MW)F+MWMH + MWF + MH + MWAdult relatlve (AR)F+ARMH + ARF + UH + ARMM + ARF + UW + ARMH + MW + ARF + UH + HW + AROlder slbllng (OS)F+OSMH + OSF + MH + OSMW + OSF + 14W + OSMH + HW + OSAR + OSF + AR + OSMH + AR + OSF + MH + AR+ OSt4W + AR + OS

-3-10123456789

101112131415161718192021222425262728

10281771448143734145

1873596

696279124

18812

97163

56981

22131,12

-------

.862.311.010.92.6.3

1.4.31:0

5.32.1.1.0.11:0.0.7

1.2.0.01:1.0.21:0.0.0

---_---

Total 13135 100.0

97

E213 Who looks after child when mother 1s work~ng(II: non-relatlves)

Not stated -3 102 .8Not applicable -1 8177 62.3None In this llst o 2495 19.0Child mlnder (CM) 1 104 .8Friend-nelghbour (F) 2 174 1.3CM+F 3 2 .0LA day nursery (LADN) 4 22 .2Private day nursery or 8 20 .2employer-run (PDN)F + PDN 10 7 .1LADN + PDN 12 1 .0School/playgroup/nursery 16 1838 14.0school (S)Cn+s 17 56 .4F+S 18 98 .7CM+F+S 19 3 .0PDN + S 24 6 .0Elsewhere (E) 32 16 1LADN + E 36 1 :0S+E 48 12 .1F+S+E 50 1 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

If more than one, who mainly looks after N during mother’sworking hours?

E214 Main person looklng after child during mother’s workinghours

Not stated -3Not applicable -1Father 1

— Mother at home 2Mother at work 3Adult relatlve 4Older slbllng 5Pa~d childminder 6Friend-nelghbour (unpaid) ‘7LA day nursery 8Private day nursery 9School/playgroup/etc 10Elsewhere 11

Total

N!2Le”

571 4,38177 62.31469 11.2296 2.3131 1.0537 4.1102 .881 .6

103 ,820 218 :1

1618 12.312 .1

,------ -------

13135 100.0

Some ❑others have not cited school as the main place of careduring working hours even If the child la known to be attendingschool

98

Question E.16 Please ask the mother If she could say what arethe main reasons she works. (If ‘for money’ ask,*what 1s money mainly apent on?’)(ring all that apply)

Financial necessity (e.g. contribution to housekeeping or rent,clothes, etc)

Financial advantage (e.g. savings, holidays, householdappliances, luxurles, car, to gain independence, etc)

Social reaaons (e.g. for company, making friends, rellef ofboredom, keep You young etc,)

Career/enJoys the work

E215 Main reason for working

Not statedNot applicableFlnanclal necessityFlnanclal advantageSocial reasonsCareer/enJoys the workFamily businessOther

-3-1123456

Total

65781771541110188947421482

-------

13135

5.062.311.78.46.83.61.6.6

-------

100.0

Question E,17 Has mother had a regular full-time or part-timeJob out of the home since the time of N’s birthwhich she subsequently gave up?

E216A Regular Job which she gave up

Not ststed -3 1572 12.0— Not known -2 54 ,4

Not applicable -1 52 .4Yes, full-time Job 1 677 5.2Yes, part-time Job 2 2531 19.3Yes, both 3 122 9No , never had a Job out of 4 7967 60:7the homeOther 5 160 1.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

99

If YQS, give total time worked since N’s birth In completed years(exclude present job if any)

E216B Years worked

Not statedNot applicableUnder 1 Year

-3-1012345

Total

2949645137072356331918338

-------

13135

2.273.410.45.54.32.41.4.3

-------

100.0

~:

E216 and E217 should refer to employment outside the home thatthe mother had given up prior to the time of the survey. It lapossible, however, that In some cases the mother’s currentemployment has been Included. It 1s recommended, therefore, thatthese variables are used only In conjunction with VARS E207 andE217.

E217 Mother’s current employment (variables derived fromE205 and E208)

Not statedNot applicableFull-time housewifeFull-time work awayPart-time work awayHours NS or NKOccasional work awayFull-time work at homePart-time work at homeHours NS or NKOccasional work at homeHas two Jobs full-timeHas two Jobs part-timeOther sltuatlonStudent etc

-3-110202122304041425060617080

Total

70 .552 .4

7466 56.8745 5.7

3417 26.067 .5

427 3.3104 .8351 2.7113 .9145 1.1

6 .069 517 :186 .7

.------ -------

13135 100.0

100

SECTION F: THE HOME AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Que.stlon F,l What accommodation is occupied by

E21S Type of accommodation

Not stated -3 3sWhole detached house or 1 2488bungalowWhole semi-detached house or 2 5350bungalowWhole terraced house (Includlng 3 3660end of terrace)Flat/malsonette (self- 4 1342contained)Rooms (non- self-contained 5 117flat )Other 6 140

this household?

.31s.9

40.7

27.9

10.2

.9

1.1------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

If flat or rooms give the lowest floor on which rooms aresituated

E219 Floor of flat or rooms

Not stated -3Not applicable -1Ground/baaement o

123456769

101112131415161718192024

Total

13111676

44247418110744111012746

142123112211

------- .

13135

1.088.93.43.61.4.8.3.11:11:0.01:0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

101

Queatlon F.2 Is the accommodation owned or rented by thehousehold?

E220 Tenure of accommodation

Not stated -3Owned outright 1Being bought 2Rented from council 3Privately rented unfurnished 4Privately rented furnished or 5partly furnishedTied to occupation of father 6Other 7

Total

41169456924231689126

522140

,------

13135

.312,943.332.25.21.0

4.01.1

-------

100.0

Queatlon F.3 Does the household have sole use of, share withanother household, or lack any of the followlngamenltlesv

E221 Bathroom

Not statedSole useShared useNone

E222 Indoor lavatory

Not stated—Sole useShared useNone

E223 Outdoor lavatory


-3 206 1.61 12469 94.92 135 1.03 325 2.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

-3 387 2.91 12266 93,42 118 93 364 2:8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

-3 3991 30.41 2982 22.72 89 .73 6073 46.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

102

E224 Hot water supply

Not statedSole useShared uaeNone

-3 224 1.71 12584 95.82 120 .93 207 1.6

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E225 Garden or yard


E226 Kitchen

Not statedSole useShared uaeNoneKitchen NS If shared

Question F.4 How large 1sIn (e.g. for

E227 Size of kitchen

Not stated.—Not known

-3 316 2.41 11871 90.42 515 3.93 433 3.3

------- -.-----

Total 13135 100.0

-3 33 31 12814 97:62 95 73 14 :14 179 1.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

the kitchen and IS It used for llvlnghaving meals ln)~

-3 289-2 8

Not applicable (no kitchen) -1 14<6 ft wide - not used for 1 1804llvlng In<6ft wide - used for llvlng In 2 3976ft+ wide - not used for 3 5614llvlng In6ft+ wide - used for Ilvlng in 4 5009

-------

Total 13135

2.2.1.1

13.7

3.042.7

38.1-------

100.0

103

QuestIon F.5 How many rooms are there within the accommodation?(Include all rooms except kitchen, bathroom,toilet, and any rooms used solely for businesspurp0t3e6. For complete definition see ‘SurveyNotes and Information’)

E228A Number of rooms in accommodation

Not stated -3123456‘189

101112131415172021243142505588

Total

18042

13916094779438511784762126740129771132111111

------

13135

1.4.3

1.112.236.433.29.03.61.6.5.3.1.1.1.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

E228B Persons

Not statedNot applicableRatio given

Range 0.119 - 6.0

~ 1 dex

104

per room ratio

-3 178 1.4-1 14 .1

12943 98.5------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

1. The basis for the Census (1971) calculation of persons/roomratio 1s the number of rooms wholly available to the household orshared with other households. If a room 1s shared It 1s countedaa a fraction according to the number of households sharing It.CHES data provide information about sharing for kitchens only(kitchens under 6ft wide, bathrooms and hallways are excludedfrom the calculation) and It has been decided to count sharedkitchens aa half a room. The CHES persons per room ratio w1lltend to reduce sllghtly the proportion of children l~vlng In‘overcrowded’ conditions.

2. The Table below gives the contribution of the kitchen to thetotal number of rooms In the accommodation. Number In cells hasbeen added to number of rooms (E228A).

m

E227 E226Size of kitchen Avallablllty of kitchen

Sole use Shared None NS

— 1 2 3 -3

NS -3 +1 +,5 o 0

NK -2 +1 +,5 o 0<6ft Not llved In 1 0 0 0 0<6ft Lived In 2 0 0 0 0~6ft Not llved In 3 +1 +.5 o +1~6ft Lived In 4 +1 +,5 o +1No kitchen 5 +1 +,5 o 0

VAR E226 1s considered the best Indicator of the avallablllty ofa kitchen. VAR E227 lndlcates If the available kitchen IS toosmall to be Included aa a room and 1s also used to ~ndlcate thepresence of a kitchen If VAR E226 1s not stated.

3. If number of rooms In the accommodation 1s not stated,persons per room 1s given as not stated.

4. If the child llves In a residential Instltutlon or 1spermanently In hospital, persons per room 1s not applicable.

-—

105

Question F.6 Does N share a bedroom with others? If yem, howmany sleep in the same room?

E228C N shares bedroom

Not stated -3Not known -2Yes 1No 2

TOTAL

E228D No. sleeplng In room

Not statedNot applicableTwo peopleThree peopleFour peopleFive peopleSlx peopleSeven people

-3-123

. 4567

TOTAL

E228E Shares a bed

Not stated -3Not known -2No 1Yes with 1 other 2Yes with 2 others 3Yes with more than 2 others 4

TOTAL

596

78075263

-------

13135

6625264576910832’7960162

-------

13135

1409

11474136713510

-------

13135

.4

.059.440.1

-------

100.0

5.040.143.98.22.1

5:1.0

-------

100.O

1.11

87:410.4l.O.1

-------

100.0

,,

106

Question F.8 Which of the following does the family have?

E229 Refrigerator

Not stated -3 30 .2Yes 1 12133 92.4No 2 972 7.4

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E230 Washlmg machine

Not statedYesNo

E231 Spin drier

Not statedYesNo

-3 30 .21 11754 89.52 1351 10.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

-3 30 .21 10634 81.02 2471 18.8

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E232 Colour TV

Not stated -3 30 2Yes 1 6803 51:8No 2 6302 48.0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E233 Black and white TV

Not stated -3 30 .2Yes 1 7431 56.6No 2 5674 43.2

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E234 Van or car

Not statedYesNo

-3 30 .21 9201 70.02 3904 29.7

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

107

E235 Telephone

Not stated -3 30Yea 1 7520 57::No 2 5585 42.5

------- _______

Total 13135 100.0

QuestIon F.9 In the past seven days haa anyone helped mother atall w~th any of the followlng~ (Include father,members of the household, friends, neighbors,relatlves and paid help)

E236 Help with housework or ahopplng

Not stated -3 207Not known -2 9Not applicable -1 52Yes,father 1 4361Yes,othera 2 21071 and 2 apply 3 1376No help 4 5023

-------

Total 13135

1.6.1.4

33.216.010.538.2

-------

100.0

F.237 Help with looklng after child whilst mother shops,attends appointments, does housework, etc

Not stated -3 512 3.9Not known -2 17 .1Not applicable -1 52 .4Yes,father 1 3251 24.8Yes,others 2 2580 19.61 and 2 apply 3 823 6.3No help— 4 5900 44.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E238 Help with baby slttlng In

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Yes,father 1Yea,others 21 and 2 apply 3No help 4

Total

the evening

717 5.517 .152 .4

1827 13.93874 29.5474 3.6

6174 47.0------- -------

13135 100.0

108

E239 Help with putting child to bed

Not stated -3 548Not known -2 11Not applicable -1 52Yes,father 1 5246Yes,others 2 14591 and 2 apply 3 522No help 4 5297

------- .

Total 13135

E240 Help with taking child to

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable -1Yes,fathers 1Yes,others 21 and 2 apply 3No help 4

Total

4.2.1.4

39.911.14.0

40.3-------

100.0

school/nursery/playgroup, etc

1155 8.822 .252 .4

1607 12.22150 16.4171 1.3

7978 60.’7----.-- -------

13135 100.O

QuestIon F.1O In the paat 7 days has N done any of the followingwith others or by him/herself:

E241 Child has been to a friend’s or relatlve’s house

Not statedNot knownNo.—Yes,wlth adultYes,wlth childYea,by self2+32+43+42+3+4

-3-212345678

Total

15418

23304769150418971143501250569

------- -

13135

1.2.1

17.736.311.514.48.73.81.94.3

-------

100.0

109

E242 In past seven days ch~ld has been to a park, recreationground, adventure playground

Not statedNot knownNo

Yes,wlth adultYes,wlth childYes,by self2+32+43+42+3+4

-3 417-2 361 61922 38093 14304 3065 7866 257 998 35

-------

Total 13135

3.2.3

47.129.010.92.36.0.2.8.3

-------

100.0

E243 In past seven days child has been on a bus or tra~n

Not statedNot knownNoYes,wlth adultYes,wlth childYes,by self2+32+43+42+3+4

-3 674 5,1-2 36 .31 7’706 58.72 3977 30.33 341 2.64 695 321 2::6 2 .07 6 .08 3 .0

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

E244 In past seven days child has been to the shops,

— launderette, etc

Not statedNot knownNoYes,wlth adultYes,wlth childYes,by self2+32+43+42+3+4

-3 152-2 221 18782 89043 4544 3795 9066 2347 628 144

-------

Total 13135

1.2.2

14.367.8 ,3.52.96.91.8.5

1.1-------

100.0

110

Que.atlon F,ll Indicate to which of the following broad ethniccategories N and the prement parenta belong

E246 Ethnic group of

Not statedNot knownEuropean UKEuropean otherWest IndianIndian/PaklstanlOther AsIanAfricanOther

E246A Ethnic group

Not statedNot knownNot applicableEuropean UKEuropean otherWest IndianIndian/PaklstanlOther AalanAfricanOther

— E246B Ethnic group

Not statedNot knownNot applicableEuropean UKEuropean OtherWest IndianIndian/PaklstanlOther AalanAfricanOther

child

-3-21234567

Total

of mother

-3-2-1123456‘1

Total

of father

-3-2-11234567

Total

4396

12140128152197276

40-------

13135

1203

5212159

2921’79228431148

-------

13135

12910

65511583

260164240399

46------ -

13135

3.3.0

92.41.01.21.5.2.0.3

-------

100.0

.9

.0

.492.62.21.41.7.3.1.4

-------

100.0

1.0.1

5.088.22.01.21.8.31

:4-------

100.0

—.

111

E247 Ethnic group of home

Preliminary examination of the data on ethnlcity revealed thatmany children whose natural parents were both given as, say, WestIndian, were nevertheless recorded as European (UK), based on thechild’s natlonaltly rather than hls or her ethnic orlgln. Tocounter this a special variable was devised based on the ethnicgroup of both present parents. According to this classification92.3% of the children In the sample were with parents of Brltlshdescent. The larger ethnic mlnorlty group were the West Indian(1.3%) and AsIan 2.0%) famines. These groupa were likely to beunder-represented, however,. because of tracing difficulties.Where Interest centres on one or other parent rather than thechild, that parent’s ethnic group can be used.

To provide classlflcatlon of famllles In terms of the ethnicgroup of the parent(s), E246A and E246B have been used to derivethe followlng:

Not statedNot knownChild In residential careEuropean - UKEuropean - otherParents West IndianParents AsIan (Includes Indian,

Paklstanl and other AsIan)Parents AfricanOne parent UK.the other European -not UK:the other West Indian:the other Aalan:the other AfricanOther not given aboveNot knownBoth parents coloured but notof same ethnic group

At least one parent coloured,other parent either European,‘other’ , not known, or not stated

Parents of other ethnic groupsor combinations not given aboveand not known If either coloured

Total

-3 115-2 3-1 141 120072 1793 1744 257

5 76 198

7 278 329 4

10 5111 2512 3

13 10

14 29

-------

13135

.9

.0

.191.41.41.32.0

11:5

.22:0.4.2,0

.1

.2

-------

100.0

Notes1. S~ngle parents are classified In categories 1 to 5according to the ethnic group of the parent.2. The ethnic group of the “present parents” was requested butIt 1s possible In some cases that the ethn~c group of a (absent)natural parent was given. There 1s no Information about theextent of this possible Inconsistency.3. The proportions of non-UK parents should be treated strictlyas a mlnlmal eatlmate for two reasons:

(a) Non-UK famllles were dlfflcult to trace and lntervlew,(b) Immigrant famllles might have cited their UKnationality to protect their posltlon in this country.

112

4. Irish famllles, both Northern and Southern, could have beenIncluded In either “European-UK” or “European-other”. Famlllesfrom Elre might constitute the maJorlty of the “European-other”category. There 1s no way of ascertaining the extent of this.For purposes of classlflcatlon parents recorded as “European-other” are regarded as white.

Question F,12 What language 1s mainly used with N in the home~

!%248 Language used In home

Not stated -3 33 .3Not known -2 2 .0English 1 12661 96.4Welsh/Gaellc 2 167 1.3Hlndx/Urdu 3 180 1.4Greek/Turklah 4 19 .1Chinese and other oriental 5 11 1Other European languages 7 62 :5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

w:

If Engllsh and another language was given, the ‘other’ language

Not statedNot knownNo moves—

has N moved house since blrthq

-3-20123456789

101112131417202266

Total

has been

Question

E249

coded

F.13 How many times

Household moves

12235

55884554145375331215362251594

412211111

-------

13135

9:3

42.534.711.15.72.41.2

5:21

:1.0.3.0.0.0.0.0.0.0

-------100.0

113

QuestIon F.14 Haa N ever been m any of the followlngaituations~(ring all that apply)

E250 Child In care In foster parents’ home

Not stated -3 2545Not known -2 94Yes, now 1 28Yes,ln past but not now 2 165No 3 10303

-------

Total 13135

E251 Child In care In asveasment centre

Not stated -3 2545Not known -2 94Yes, now 1 1Yes,ln past only 2 10No 3 10485

-------

Total 13135

E252 Child In care In family group home


— -------

Total 13135

E253 Child In care In children’s home

Not atated -3 2545Not known -2 94Yes, now 1 12Yes,ln past only 2 52No 3 10432

-------

19.4.7.2

1.378.4

-------

100.0

19.4.7.01

79:8-------

100.0

19.4.7.0.1

79.8-------

100.0

19.4.7.1.4

79.4-------

Total 13135 100.0

114

E254 Child In ‘Part III’ accommodation

Not stated -3 2545Not known -2Yes, now

941 3

Yesjln past only 2 15No 3 10478

-------

Total 13135

E255 Child In homeless family unit


-------

Total 13135

19.4.7.0.1

79.8-------

100.O

19.4.7.1.2

79.6-------

100.0

—

115

SECTION G: FAMILY HEALTH AND SMOKING

Question G.1 Has anyone in N’s household since N’a birth hadany severe or prolonged Illness (medical, surgicalor psychlatrlc) or any handicap or disabllity~

E256 Handicap and Illness at home

Not statedNot knownNo, noneYes,mother (M)Yea,father (F)Mother & fatherYes,other adult (A)M+AF+Au+F+AYes,a child (not N) (C)M+CF+CM+F+CA+CM+A+CF+A+CM+F+A+CSIbllng death

-3-20123456‘7s9

10111213141516

Total

10533

10490S6681012119516‘11

37044462312113

-------

13135

.83

79:96.66.2.9

1.51

:1.0

2.83;4.2.0.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

.—

116

In what wav, If any, has cond~tion cauaed any Interference withN*E everyday care?

E257 Interference with care of child

Not stated -3 232 1.8Not known -2 6Not applicable* -1 10613 801;Interfered 1 642 4.9Dld not Interfere 2 1642 12.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

* no known handicap/illness

Note—.

‘Interference’ Includes direct effect of the Illness as well aaresultant changes In family sltuatlon which may have affected thechild. Examples: treats cut out, geta nlggly with children,father stayed home to look after child, flnanclal problems,divorce, stayed with grandmother, no play with father.

Queatlon G.2 (a) Do either N’s mother or father smoke at allat present? (Cigarette smoking la defined aasmoking an average of one or more clgarettea aday)

E258 Smoking habit of mother

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable - no mother -1No, 1s non-smoker 1Smokes cigarettes 2

. Smokes pipe or cigars 32 and 3 apply 4

Total

E259 Smoking hahlt of father

Not stated -3Not known -2Not applicable - no father -1No, non-smoker 1Smokes cigarettes 2Smokes p~pe or cigars 32 and 3 apply 4

Total

3989

5273145348

86

-------

13135

19730

65554145413998428

-------

13135

3,01

;455.740.7

.1,0

-------

100.O

1.5.2

5.041.241.27.63,3

-------

100.0

117

If .emokea cigarettes, how many are smoked per day on average?

E260 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by mother - smokersonly

Not stated -3 6’7 .5Not known -2 51 .4Not applicable -1 7781 59.2No. cigarettes given 5236 39.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O - 60

E261 Number of cigarettes smoked per day by father - smokersonly

Not stated -3 109 .8Not known -2 228 1.7Not applicable -1 7294 55.5No. cigarettes given 5504 41.9

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Range O - 80

(b) Irrespective of whether or not N’s mother or father smoke atpresent, for how many years s~nce N’s birth have they smokedcigarettes, If at all?

E262 Smoking habit of mother since child’s birth

Not statedNot knownNot applicable - no mother

.— All the timeMore than 3 years1-3 yearsLess than 1 yearYears NKNon smoker all the time

-3-2-1123456

Total

13017652

4311945684269105

5392-------

13135

9.9.6.4

32.87.25.22.0.8

41.1-------

100.0

118

E263 Smoking habit of father since child’s birth

Not statedNot knownNot applicable - no fatherAll the timeMore than 3 years1-3 yearsLeas than 1 yearYears NKNon smoker all the time

-3-2-11

23456

Total

957113655

55351096581289224

3685,------

13135

7.3.9

5,042.18.34.42.21.7

28.1-------

100.0

.

119

SECTION H: TO BE COMPLETED AFTER THE INTERVIEW IS OVER

Please complete H.1 to H.5 from your knowledge and any impressionyou have gained during the Interview.

Question H.1 Please ring the descriptions which you feel bestcharacterise the home and relationship of familywith nelghbours.

E264 (a) Furniture and equipment In home

Not stated -3 202Cannot asaess -2 46Luxurious 1 251Well equipped 2 7253Adequate 3 4816Low standard 4 484Very low standard 5 83

E265 (b)

Not statedNot knownOver-tidyVery tidyAverageUntidyChaotic

Total

Tldlness of home

-3-212345

-------

13135

1915698

39887925771106

-------

1.5.4

1.955.236.73.7.6

-------

100.0

1.5.4.7

30.460.35.9.8

-------

Total 13135 100.0

120

E266 (c) Relatlonshlp of family with nelghbours

Not stated -3 235Not known -2 1656Very good terms 1 1530Good terms 2 5305Satisfactory 3 3777Don’t mlx 4 558Bad terms 5 74

-------

Total 13135

1.812.611.640.428.84.2.6

-------

100.0

A simple classlflcatlon of nelghbourhoods was achieved by askingthe health vlsltors to aay which of four brief descriptions bestcharacterised the dlstrlct in which the study child llved (aceQuestIon H.2 In the Home Interview Questlonnalre). Theclass~flcatlon contains three urban categories (labelled Poor,Average and Well-to-do). In addltlon, a fourth ‘rural’ categorywas provided mainly to overcome the difficulty of rating a smallcommunity where well-to-do and poorer famllles llve fairly closetogether. Where the health vlsltor felt she was unable to assigna ne~ghbourhood to one of these four categories, she was asked todescribe the nelghbourhood In her own words. This occurred In11.2% of the sample and these were aaslgned to the four basiccategories by coding staff on the basis of given crlterla.

One difficulty associated with subjective ratings 1s the risk oflow Inter-rater rellablllty; to check this a study was designedand carried out In the county of Avon (Osborn and Carpenter,1980). Two Independent ratings were obtained on each of the 322nelghbourhoods selected at random from a street gazeteer of Avon.The Kendall’s Tau B rank correlation between the two seta ofresults was .70 (P<.001) which IS a satlafactory level ofagreement for a rating of this type. One of the prlnclpalsources of disagreement between ratings concerned the Well-to-doand Rural categories, wzth some health vlsltors clearly ratingrelatlvley well-off famllles llvlng In the country as ‘Well-to-do’ and others recording this as a ‘Rural’ sltuatlon.

QuestIon H.2 In order to get some Impression of the kind ofdistrict N llves In, please ring which one of thefollowlng descriptions best characterises thedistrict.

10 In this dlstrlct, houses are closely packed together andmany are In poor state of repair. Multl occupation 1s a commonfeature, and most famllles have low incomes.

2. The dlstrlct conslsta largely of council houses and flata orless expensive privately owned houses, for example, olderterraced houses. Multl-occupation 1s unusual and famllles haveaverage Incomes. Include ‘new towns’ here.

*\

121

3. In this dlstrlct houses are well spaced and the maJority arewell maintained. Multl-occupation 1s rare and most famines havehigher than average Incomes.

4. This district 1s part of a small market town, ruralcommunity or village. Some famllles may lack basic amenltles butothers may be fairly well-to-do. It 1s mainly characterised bythe fact that well-to-do and poorer famllles llve fairly closetogether In the community.

5. If none of these descriptions seem to characterlae thedlstrlct N llves m, please describe in your own works what It 1sllke.

Coders then allocated codes 5-9 from the description given.

E267A Social rating of nelghbourhood

Not statedPoor urbanAverage urbanWell-to-do urbanRuralAs 1As 2As 3As 4Inner urban equivalent of

-312345678

4 9

Total

424875

55152802209211780215231145

-------

13135

3.26.7

42.021.315.9

.96.11.22.4.3

-------

100.O

E267B Social rating of nelghbourhood grouped

Not stated -3 424 3.2Poor urban 1 1037 7.9

— Average urban 2 6317 48.1Well-to-do urban 3 2954 22.5Rural 4 2403 18.3

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

[where 1 = 1+5+9 of VAR E267A, 2 = 2+6, 3 ❑ 3+7, 4 ❑ 4+81

122

QuestIon H.3 From the health visitors’s knowledge andobservatlona of the child, and where necenaaryfrom available records, what IS N’a intellectualdevelopment conaldered to be?

E268 Chllds

Not statedNot known

Intelligence - Health Vlsltor’s Opinion

-3 301 2.3-2 290 2.2

Normal or above average 1 11863 90.3Sllghtly backward 2 511 3.9Deflnltely backward 3 105 .8Other 4 65 .5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

Question H.4 How well do you know this family?

E269 How well Health Vlsltor knows family

Not stated -3Very well 1Fairly well 2Sllghtly 3Never In contact before 4th~s InterviewOther sltuatlon 5

Total

E271 Date of lntervlew YYMM

Not stated -37501750275037504750575067507750875097510751175127601760276037604760576067607

Total

160 1.21531 11.74054 30.93066 23.34228 32.2

96 .7------- -------

13135 100.0

19845

65584822534628202124119444818207

2221211

-------

13135

1.5.0.0

5.064.619.34.81.5.9.93:41:21:22:0.0.0

-------

100.0

123

Relationship of informant to N

E272 Relatlonshlp of Informant

Not stated -3Mother figure 1Father figure 2Mother+father 3Grandparent 4Sibllng 5Other 8

Total

263296951066356142

------- .

13135

20.073.8

.84.8.5.0.0

-------

100.0

QuestIon H.5 Were there any Interruptions, dletractlone orother problems which made interviewing dlfficultv

E273 InterruptIons

-3 224 1.7No, no difficulty 1 8778 66.8Yes, sllght difficulty 2 3538 26.9Yes, conalderable difficulty 3 595 4.5

------- -------

Total 13135 100.0

\ Child Health and Education in the Seventies

; A nauonal study m Engfand, Wales a“d scoda”d of ●ll chldron born 5th-1 ldI April 1970

I

Under the auqnc,s of *. Unwe”,Cy of 0,,,,.1 Dwmm.n.I of Ch81dH.tith R“.arch Um

and the Nm. nal Bmhday TmsI Fund U“w.rS,tV of Br,,xd

Bnwol BS2 8SH

Olr=,oI’ Pmt.uor N-,81. R 0.,( .r MD FRCP OC H Tel 8,,,1oI 27745/22041

Rwwch man! 1“ -,.,m.l W*

N R 8.,,,, A.o. H..l th Au rho., ,s” ,“ En#.nd ●nd W.1”A F DIbor. BA H..lth ~,d m Scotland

B C Hod.,, 9S= FSS M8CSS F 0 Do”4mg B5c ME 0S Cmcm-w”

M c f,,=, sRN SCM HV Tutor C,,, H.alth Vw#,wI AJIC.U.,,0.

:, CONFIDENTIAL


Q; m mNumbfCJ33320ChM %-“,..1 S. m., Numb..

D 1,

5Oeml% of ch,ld born 5th–1 Ilh AW 1970

04

— lidID

If w,”, use$ePwate qu”[!mna,re for each P/ea$euseblink caPtra{s

Full nam. of the Ch,ld %x

Sm$e[ml ., W,” ,p,c,fy Data .1 b!rth Aprd 1970

Prn.nt horn. add,.,! m full

Addrut of chdd s present placement ,f hvmg ●way from horn. Pleasd$pr3fy !/ h.spml res,denr,alhome cc

ChdU, Nat,.n.l Health S.rvu. Number

N H S Doctor w,th whom ch,ld ,, r,g,,t.,.d // no, ,eq,,rn-ca Put NONE

Narm

Full add,,,, of o,,c,,c,

Full horn. add,”, .1 nmrh.r ,, urn. ,h, g.”. b,rth to ch,ldIf not known put NOT KNOWN If sm. home ●dreg asabove put AS A80VE

o If born .brwd g,,. .PPr.x, m.u dam .h,ld cwn. la h,. ,. th,, COU.SW

I Moth., s mafid+n“am.~ (That hinds w. needed for marchmgPUVJOSSon/Y)

! Addr.m of PI.- of b,rth PIOES mmfy w41.D% m.mrntcy hmm{, G P umt, hem. .U

1I .!. -~. - . . ---,1 ---, NOTES ‘ “ ‘ ,.1

;1 Please read ‘“S.wey Notes and In formatmn”’ 8“ conlunct,on With tits questmnna,re

;2 Throughout the questmnnam the study chdd IS dsmgnated by the letter NI,3 It M Important that no qumtmn should rerna, n unanswered wmhout e%planatmn

!

124

——d

——.—

..—

d<

———.

i———m—

II

II

mN-1

SJK1’IONB hSIOICALHI.SIURYAN) ~ HEAI.IH

I

&! b-lMwhtMl, m 6WWU.4V ti,,d N ●rid.” d, la ti ,IWL,.,” *M”” tar” w-O”m W. “.IUIU moGwr Indudc d,. shlldmn “. IEIF IIV,V ti!h m.,, “mud mod)., Ruwd .ti-.01 Un” m. “@08N, Eul.a m,aw,- [SON ?inld,,. ,“ d!,, tit. .,11 b ,dud+d ,1!4hti. A-10n*-.)

G“”... W,hod d &lhw7 S.r+”ll

ml H- IOMI .1,,, N , b,,,. d,d ,h. moth., f,,,, ,t,n m .-. r.wl.< c.nlxt w,th N m hold .ndlotId . . . ,“,, ,00, .,7

W,th, n 24 hour, of b,r!h

Bmwcen 25 ●nd 48 ,c.J<, ●f,.r b(rrh

On rh. !h(rO day or I.!w e m.,, (ha. 40 h“ af,.r b(r,h .

Not know.

If m 81wd dw G. l.t.. hw. m.., &v. afur N. b,.t. dad w-la. CO. UCC s1.,1? —

, ~ ,., C/l,d *, .“,., pjJ_TJ,,““milt, of d,”, . . . koo..m ..-, ~

Pl,afc q- ,s.,.” (,) f., d.1.” ,“ rw,l.r CO. t..,

.-

8.3 Ah -1.. ..”,s., w., ,,t,bl,,h,d “,., th.” .“, P.rtcd 01 24 ho.” or mm. during UT. 11”1-th of N , Ihf. w,.. m.a,h.r .“” n., m .orm.l cont.., wth N . g !0 h.ld .nd/or !0 I..d?

No I#vu.,$c.n(, ) of 24 hcwrs or mom

Mother ●nd N 0“, .1 contact 10.24 h.”r, w mot.

can,w, rm.mtir

No, know.

If .W,.,.d ,8”. 80,.< durma” of “,.,.,80” 8“ eanml.t.d d.,. —

B 4 W-N h“t W wr,l” . . Wh.all, w.” !.. a f.w d,,, ?

Y,, -

I forlb, man 1 month

for 1 mon,h or mm, tu, 1,ss (h,. 3 months

i

1., 3 men, h, or mm

Y“ b., can”., “m.mbr 10..- !09

N. w“ no, br”s, Id ,, all

N., ,no,m

/B 5 AI - .F d. N r9c9.= ,r”rnu”,”t,m .P,ns, M,, d..- and w,.,.?

E“Iw? _rvch,ng w.. f., .=. .r,..-nc. . + ,10. f,”, .t,.nd.”c. F$’m tr,nl. .nd coil.,* I 2 3, 4 II mar. ,Iw” .8. .tt.tim” for m.mu.o”,m” p!”” co.,. 7 . . . hk Scc9

!

—/(

~ LF,rs m —s- .—TM mm

F-1! -

Firll am.

S.t“ail

/

T3

3

3

3

3. .

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

! 2

,4

4

4

4

,

M .*,.,, nil.” *V..

~

77

7

7

7

7

8080

8 0

8 0

8 0

8 0

T1

1

!

,

,—

F2

2

2

2

2

2

3 (351

m ,1.,,7,

1

2 (m,3

ffi (19,-)

2

3,4,,

.

5

0

0

00

0

0

0--

126

—

b N M. h MO. ●t .nv .1 *. Idk...ng d- I.ar — -Id d d m m .4w W, ,1k“-

ma *.1-

R,ng .11 tit* k d .V. -.

At-47m X.m an Ilm am

h N - bon r=c-rstcd frmhw’hw moth” or mother ,UMIIU” fm on, rnon61 w m.”?E=durk N sM9v,mldmmuc... .ti dwck th.” . . . *,MIM m M

v.

No

No, knonm

If V, m- !.”1 “urn-r of WP.r.tmm of on. month ., mm ,xcludlrq N , how, W timmmn (d —

m.s,12s#Lnmt30.1* .“”r *f ml-of -W= not knom! mm 9 9m- W. d.wl. M- for all “pm”tmns of - mma m m- Esclu- M N ‘ hm?ldtirmmmn If mm tin *m, -“0.., .0.,1.”. on tit -

AW (Yammd momh!)

R-n fw v-m,.”

Numt.r of months(.ti-k,} ~UMM

mat. ofcar. of N?-

W,, ,h. cmn” lmklng.ftw N k“o.””,. h,m/har7

w= N suar.lrd al-from father?

El

❑I

2 1s’4

m ,,,,4,

,5-,9 Im

1

2

3

0

1

2

12’7

a10 h N 0“.. .R(.”cbd ● hmmu, w!mmm, cbmr,nnn, ., .“, ml!.,-1!s, d,.,. ?

Y“ .-. -

N. _ _ ---

NmkllO#.1 ---- -

11 m d.- p“. *“81. M- h h Cc4W”.n w ,,,.” m,,,.,m ,tmtinco,,, “ m.mum - Smn.h.t dome

49,, fus,a,t..danc,(“awl ●nd monms)

10,., numb, of ,,,.”dam”

Osiu.o,u m-d ,,.= ,m.. ,

NW* ●rm iddru! d

.5vm..t howal or citmc1. till

F,”, SM”d Th,rd

KI I I

011 %- .“.”s.. or ,,.,. from “m, M“,, knowhdg.wh. th., N h., b.,. ,..” b“ ,.v 01 rh. f.a,,.a.mnq.- d.. fc.,,,h b, mhd,” sod,., or-,.x, ,0 Io.,* b,r,hda,

v“ .I,.r ‘f” hf.,, No!R,ng ./, Uu, .pol” n c#ch row. 4th b da” 4* b d., E.r know

h“ t? , mn,r,l prz-ct,,, o.., -

● wwry/health m.,,. - I 2 3 0,!ham,.,,,,———. -— .. 1 2 3 0

Sm. b, &n,I,,–

f., ,“-,,0. . . . m,,.n” ________ ! 1 3 0

10, I,ll,,w(,) .Xmctlon(, ) .,. ______ , 2 3 0

S9” 8, .03 mr for .0” ,,M nmd,a, e=m

,“ ..,H,V or sm.ao, ,,lu.,, on m=,,, -_ -- , 2 3 0

59” b, -h ,h.ra,,,,- __________ , 2 3 0

m I,,,, S?.” ,,% mm,

*. t., ch,ld w,dw.ze .,,”. ________ , 2 3 0

q8 I,,,, m“ ,,* m,,,

Problmld,agn,n,,

‘t% nmd,cd ,.,,.., . ..10. do.doo”u., u,.,”,”g or ,mmun,”o.n

B12 M, N hti . . . of th. folln.,w m ,h. w,, v.., ,“dlor ,,ev,.u, to w,, ,..,7

Row ./, ,/)., WP,V ,. eh row

-.1,...

l.) Tms,lktom, or T , & A ,

{b) Admo!nxr.m, .,OM

(d C,rc.fret,,.”

{d) H.rnm wra,mn

{.) Acmadcectm”

[f) An” mm, w,., ,0. n.rd,

- Cd,dan

(g) Ecz.nu

(h) HJY f-” m m“z,q .,,=ks

Ill E.. dnch.cw (w, no, v...)

l,) Rcmmd =.. !hm,,,m“mm madlcd .,r.l!,o.

I kI H9b,,uals“or!mm mcu,hbrm,h,ng

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If ““ y.. ?$9 ,. COmd.,d “..<s N“J., far,, ,WJo.rl,Iod,od.,r,,,. ,C.n.c.n .,” , hm” -

,,.”d.,o.v ,.la ❑ ,I,,x-..”r ITJ )f~..,hM,,#”fa ,g

La

I

2

3,50,

0

I

2

3

0

,

2

3

0

1

2

3

4

A

-

L–

.—.

135

.\

—

i

SECTION E EOUCATION ANO OCCUPATION OF PARENTS

El

C.2

.53

E.4

L1.lof=.lmn! t. 4WthmS .tih Wow !rid. awrmucc!hmps o. mh.rwautm.al mmm .9 S1.!.EnmlIdN.r- KEN)or Enrol!ti N.rm(Sc.atlad hrdrnwq d@WN .1.

G C E 0 hi S C E 0 #r& C.ru>ftca,. .1 SkO”tirv Ed”..,,..{cSE) Cmv md G.ddI Inl.rfnd=,. Technrcal Cen,fs.a!. C,ty and G.#IdsF,”., C,,(, ck!,fcate . . . -- -

G C.E A Id Hqh School ~,, f.a!. (HSCI H,gh.r Grti, of %m,,,htimq C“tahm!. (SLC) Ordmarv Nanonal Dwlom.,C.r,,l#c,!. (ONOONCI COW ●nd G.lld, Final Tachmml Cemlca,e H,gher Gred. ofScouuiT -vt?f ma!, of Educatva” ISCEI . .

s.,. R.wt.ti NW= (5 RN) w RWIN.CUJ . ..94 wco,,a.dl

Car,l f-t. .1 Educa,mn (Twch.”1 T.ach,”g 0..1,1 ..,,.” {Prwnm,l~o,,juy EdLc., ,.” ,“ SaMa”d)

Dwr” 1.0 XSc 6A PhD) Hqher N.tlo”al D, Dloma/C.ft,f,CD!e lHNDHNC1 !4nnmhm of Proteawmml Im!,,u,m” (. s FCA FRICS UIMhEMIEE ,,c) C,,” ●m Gu,ld, Full Fmhncal C.r!ff,cate

0th., qu.1 tt..tmna .1..= -VFV

------ ---------- - -

u. Wdl+la”or= . . -

Not q)locabl. .0 mother M no f. ther 1.3”,.

Cbal,lKXmm .0, k“-”

A, ‘a+,.,.- d,d th. ,,.-”, w..”” 1.- IChOO1,

hl A* m.,”., ,.1, U!!col

[b) AqI fs,h.r If, tch.ad

I

2

3

4

5

e

7

8

9

L

.kun.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0—

v“”

- ,“rl

Ho.” m.”, CC+”PO.ti V.UId I“#b*#m. ed”-ta’=” d,d th. .,”.”, ,,r.”t, h- ti”r I..”#”g sch.wl?b g .t dt.w of.du=u.. ● oc.w=..,. .,.w.-,W .,.1 II . . . . .“ , NONE

1.1 Monher ““ml-r 01 “..,S ,..”

(b) Father..mb.r., v.-, . - VU-

occuoaumofom-”t MI*,

E 4 m E 6 “f” m M. f.ti.r or I.*” .“hwrfu ,. #rC!Ud,”g f., t.r t.ttt.r ,don,>w /,,.., ,wf.thwe- .“” .,/!” f.ti.r ,Ubl,m.t.

,, N II., no l.,h.r or !nbmfn,. I. m., now ,/”s.<8”96 !“ E 4 ●nd .rocud ,. E 8,

1.) w,IM, ,, th. f,rh.r , -,”.1 ,.b C.XUPUO. ,r.d. . . .<01”,,.” ❑r th. 1.., OCC.CUDO. 81u&m#lo#odom:7 $.// #“d .-,,. d# ml, ./ occ”,ar,o. ,“ ,..”,,#d. ~. %“,wY

Actual ,- -..

(t.) Wb, ,s ,h. m&-’l 0. b“’,”- s“ timch th. lath,. IS ..,.w57 G,”. d,,.#i. .fgood. mmr>d,or ““,e. SA S“.w, No”, #“d h fom!.t,m

T,LU 01 m.d.smv

k) F-h.. s •.T#W~MC s-1”sself E“vlo”d

w,,. 250, more ,n@wuY -

w,!” ,“, ,h.n 25 Cm.lo,cm

W$!ho”t H“,I0,90$ .th” ,“.” 1,”7,1” .“mk.rs

EmP,o,ed

I. “Wmqwul DOS,,,..

A, 1..-.” SUCWW.U duG@.”d .8.

No, s“ ,u..rv,sov ml.

0 mm

Ummc.lo,ad ,.k .,.

mum d~r,t. ,, ,“.,,.”

No I.,h” !,w,. - - - . . . -

No, k“m.n d= mol.,” 9),..,,.” . - - -

--- —- --- - ._ L--

-.

D

5a

I

2 93

R08

4

5

6

80

136

mm

m

..

.m .

---

. .

El 1 ~- Am a“ *. W. M- dm d- b.--, .m m P m ) 01. mod!, mti and l,mdmd -k-d dm ,MII hnu” w=.bd -b h 1.[ -h 1+ “M “.=W”S l-t -k, a,- &t,,,. .189 1“, -k

“=!L.E33EE2‘/ncJ.* A M*J u xrr .( t.+. -x*,-o Pcmad En r.r O f.-my *Y . . . mwrk.d

E 12 Mm m.tiw “ark thm hw” rwl..l, w- -nk7

Y- c“.rv w-k th, m

No mot”.. work, a ,“,f! W*WM

No lot bnlt”” of -k hm” or da”, “ark@d “WV

O,h.r rql, P18m W. d.!a!l’

calm, la,

E 13 P1.au WV. av.r~ m=dlmq urn. t. and trom work

{.1 trw+l,rq m .mrk . — . ho.” --- - mm.

lb) ..l.mm9 h.m. . ho.- - - . - mm.

11 ,w,-ks .thc.n. out A T HOME

E 14 Wh.n moth.. s. ., -k !s N um.llv lwk.d aft.. .t home w wv from hc.r”.? (If N ,, ,mn,,mn”Iook.d .1,., ., h.m. ●nd SW”.,I”U. aw.v from hem. .,”9 wh.r. h.i.h. ,. “u!”Iv I ook.d .It.r)

Leaked aft.r at hon.

Looted af<ef m“., from hem.

v,,,”

cd..., -,

E 15 w!. Io.ki ●f,,r N d.r,”q monh”, .mrkmg hours? R,”g all cha, wPl”

N , l., h.r

Mother ●, “ore.

Accomb-m ,“ mo,h.r m -m k

Adul! relat ,”. e g wandoar..t% . ..1 91.

Older s,bl, rw

Pad chtldrmnd.r

Fr,,nd ., “.,ghbow loot D.sdl

Lcca! ..xhorm? dw n.r=v

0., ““r*r, r“” b? a“[email protected] w !ms”.te <“dw,du.lld

~hool ““r=,, zhool or cl.- w PIww.”0

sore. mher 0..s0. or place nam.lv

N., ,“0.””

II mm,. III.” o,,. w.. rn.,”1, 10.,, alter N during moth., s “m<k,ng hours?

- - - ------- --

Clfi mm -k t- moth.. It I.+. could am vA., .r. th. “u,” “.s0”s ‘h. “ark% (If I., “.”w, -k-4!., ,. mm, ,“.,.1, -s on? ) R,”, *I th.t amt.

FIIW-CW “-,,, [.s conwltm!lon [0 hCUMk_lnO O, r-,, CIo,- -C) -—---—-.

F ,..”.s,, tiw” m (** *,rOl ma U*,3 ..3.*OM awl D.- l.. .rm -,

1I mm. mm m. — won -k- ‘Akh .1 tti ts rh. mom mmu!m, r-- d w,lt. m

——-.. —--- --- ----- —----—-. —------------

Cl? w ,noti had . mw,_ W-mm. m m“.”- ,.b -t d En - ““m m. 0“- d N ‘ bs.h *-* .W.*” - UPI Riq *I tic W#,

‘r- -

lull U- ,obls) . -----—-- -- ------

W*.t,rrw ,tild -- -------- .- —----— --

N. _ h- •,- out 01 du ti “- N’s W81 ------

Oth. Id” 9- mulls --------— ----- -------

----- . ---- .—---— —. —--

No, k- ---- ---- -- ----- ------ —---

II * S“s t- em wkd “m m’, Urdl 1. Calmlo-d ““. (“duck -, lab d ml ~-.

❑Iflmvkod”.eom-.w o

Ld

LaI

2

3 ,.,,

4

0

LI

I

2 ,44,3

0

2

3

a

5

D6-

7

8

9

10

II

0

Lil

.1

-- 2—3-. 4.- 5

1

-- 2

-- 3

-4

0

❑

LI

L1

138

—

F1

F1

F3

F4

F5

F6

F7

Fa

SECTION F THE HOME ANO SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

%, -mad.” I* c.n,vld b thl! h.”~old?

W7ml. dtiti houm w bu,x4M

+

1

Who!, m“ki.uchod PI.”* M bu,[email protected] 2

Wh.19 b- h..” 1I“cl,.ding m of t.,md _- 3

FMJfM@mtt. (hslf.mn,,lnd ____ A[ss1

Rooms (“cm MII.m.inti H.,) _______ 5

Othw 01-9,. d.lml, ———. 6

-—---- ------- _____

Ii PI.* or km w. ml 1-, f lbo, .“ Wh,ch room, .,.,, ,U.md

//.. #m.”d ffm, or b-.m.n , ,“ ,,,m

,rIodr - - -.------1-l—

10 lh. -.-.-,10” o“m.d or .,”IM b“ ,h. hws.hdd?

\

Cwne4 outrqht ____ --- _ _. ---------- -

S.,ng b.@, --- -. ___ _____________

R,n,m ffom Co. ccd --- - --- ------ .

P,,..,.,, mmd - ..,U,.,SIWJ ------- _______

P,,”,,,!” .>”t& - l“m,tid 0, LUrll” f“r.l*cd --—--- -

T,& to occumtmn .1 fazhar --.-—__ —------ -

Other ,,,”armn Plea- g,n d-a,!, -- --- ___ ---- -

---- - -. -- _-------——--—

Mm ,h. hou,.h.ld hm, ml. “.. 01 !hr. iwlh .“.,.,< h.au,,h.a,d 0. !-k ●“ d th, Ioll-lqMwnm.,? I

==2*I*“’~s~”r~“- %*1.

(.I Bathroom - --- I 2 3

[bl Indcar 1.”,,ow 12 3

[c! Outdoor Iav’arat.nv 1 2 3

(d) HO, w.,.r =0.1, 12 3

i.) Garden . . Y.C3 - -. 1 2 3

(1) K$tche” - - 1 2 3

..”, ,mrg,,, ,,. kmch,” .“d “ 8, “sod !0, ,,.8”,m (. g for havr.a IF...1s 8“)>

Lem !ha” 8 f=, w!d. -

No, “d for 1.,”0 In ------

\

-------.-.-

U,94 for l!.IW 3“ - --- -- - --------

6 fee, or “mm w,.. -

No, .S4 t., Iw, ng ,. - - ------- —

Wed for Iiw.g ,. -- -- . - . ---—----- -

No ,,tche” -- . --- ___ . . - --------

NO, kno,m - - ------- ___

HO* ma”, mom am th.,. .w,h,” !h, -O fnmod.ts.”? (I”d”d. .1! ,00”IS .xctm htch,” br.row.I!o,I., md m, rooms ““d ml.1” for bum”-’ wwo,., For cord,,. d.l!mt!o. !- SuwwNo!”,Cd I.rmmauo. I

N“mMr01 mom. — . -- 1--------00” N sM.. a bd.’am ,.. !h oth.”7

\

Y., - _.-_— -

No -------- _Not k “.” __

If ,- how l“.., ,10s9 m m. ““l. room — - ----- ---- ------- .

t

N. -—-------- --- .- —-- ..—--

Y“ -w,,” o“. orhm - ____ - - -_._ ---.— -

--+

“m W. other, ----- --__ ----— -

with mar. than w. o!h. f! --- _- -..

Not L .? -- ---- -- _ ----------- _

now .)) mat #PL./,

+

%frg”.mr -,-—- —---- -..--——— --wsd.,q ma m. _ ...——- ----- . .. —---

S.1” .Jrv* .—— -.— ——— . .

COIUM T V —-_——— .-_-——

Black ●d Whit. T V . - . ----- . ---- ---—-

V,” or c,r ------ ------ ------ -_-—--

T.leoh.m . - - -. - - - -. .--— -

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

0

(,*,

1s0)

,6,,

,63,

,6.,

(65,

f2 (.*)

7 1091 I

L

139

I

I

,1

—-F 10 1“ ,h. ~ 7 ~ h- N don,,.,., !h, foil.w”g !.mh o,M” or & hlrdhu-,,

R,.* all *., O@” m & Im”lY- W* Y. .n,h v. mtm),(,) ch,ld(,..) b, “I, ‘O krmw

I*) bm, frl,tis Or,da!,v., hou____— _ 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I o

(b)

k)[d) ‘:’’:=”” Ela3E-“ la t- dlom I.um.r.ru .= —-.—

N Mlh.r

KEuroPn (U K ]---- 1 1

Europa” (.th.rl -- 2 2

W-t I“dl,” ---— 3 3

l“d,an/Pak,,””, --- 4 4

O,h. A,”” ___ 5 5

A 1,,.” ___ 6 0

GTh.r lo-if” -— 7 7

_— —--—-

Not k“cw” ___ -- 0 0

F !2 Wh4, lmw#m . m.,nl” u~ -th N m th, hon.?

Erqll,h _____

F.*..

112

3

4

5

8

7

0

0, h“ Ivg.lo. .m.1” —--—

- .--- —- —-- ——— -

Not k “c..,” ____________

‘“ ‘“”m;:;~fl:.:mmb::.,known..t.r ~

Numbsrofmov--- -- ------

F 14 H“ N w., tw.n (n .“” of th. follc..nma ,,,”.,,.”,7

R#ng #/ th.t ●uO!, !. O.rn .0(.”7..1“ It,. p9”

Now ~, ~, ~w

In c“. . (voluntary or llmll tow) 1“ –

E

f.nurca. n,, ho.. -——.—.--—--——— 1 1

-“E.! cm m —-----—---.--——— 2 2

howl” wow ham ._----—_——— 3 3

chllor.n. hem. -_—--—-—_ 4 4

1“ P.. 1I I ..mti,lon -__— 5 a

In h.mlw f.mll” “m, -——-_. _--.-___— 6 6

ho. m m..- —.—-—.—m 7 7

Not knc.Am II .“” of tic.. _________ O 0

‘F., -h 1“ m,. ,Ituatl.n Pbn g,w the ,o,,ow,ngd.”,1

F

m

(,0,

,111

(111

1131

114)

,,,,

(161

(In

La,;I2 (.1)

o

La

1

El.N

”.W

30

–,J-J

–.

l!,

,!.

:

-1.

SECTION H TO BE COMPLETEO AFTER THE INTERVIEW IS OVER

Reuo [email protected]. H 1 to H 5 from your knowledge and ●ny mpressmn you ha.. qm.ed d.nngCllc8“Urv,.w

H 1 n- ,,”, @l, -“OUUIS -+IKh ,0” f..l k,, cN”.c.”” C“. hm”. .“. ..t.,#.”, h,. d f.”,1,“,)! !mC/lt.m”

(d ::m”:”k.uom-”t 4“ (b) T8d8n.” 01 hem. (d R.1.rsomh 8P O* fan!+“n,h “.qhtau”

Lu.urmus 1 OvaUd” 1 very yxd !.rnl, I

Vml MW,c.ua 2 Vew 110” 2 Gcad !.,ms 2

Adcqu.,, 3 Av.,.ge 3 S.,,,lactor, 3

Low s!an&rd 4 Unt$., . Do., mmx A

V- !0- ,mndud 5 Ct.l”m 5 s.. t.. m, 5

Gntat!-a .- ..-0 La. t all=.. - 0 cm t all-% - --- -0

H 1 I“ wd.r to P, mm mvrm,,.n of,h. kmd .1 d,smct N 1s”.s 8“ .1..” rw whmch 0“. ofth.Id,o,sng dnc,, rmon,b, char.a.r,s” ?h. dms!rm

In ,h,’ d,,,rnct ho.!- . . . .10”1, c&k.d t.wthec and ma”” . . . s“ mor slat. 01 r.tmr MultmacuPImn !.. common I..r.r. .nd m! f.”vi!., 11.w low moms

mm dmr!.tm.sm 1..91, d mum mum. ●nd I!.,, m 1.ss .XPS.W. Ww.t.1, ow..d ho..- for.mm.l. old.r !orrau ho..” M.I!! OCCUPO.” II . . . ...1 aod lad,” h... w.”- mcorra I“cl.d.“- !.”ml hr.

In nhmsdmtm h.a.s” . . . “Al spud ●nd t.. r?a!o. w W. “d nwnm..d M.ltmcc. !nmn 8. I=...“. mm! l.m!lm h.”! hqh.r ,,.” .wr.g mcom”

Than cb.,rt., 8, P“ of . mull “wk., ,0-” ,“.21 mmm.”it, or vtllaq SO”n f.nnh” m., lack bsmam!,!” b., o,h.” T+ b. 1.!,!, !WII ,. do 1! !$ mm”l” ctir=l,r!”d b“ !h. fad !h.! -11 !-daand m.,., land!” 1,.9 I.lrl, dot. tc.g,h.r !“ ,h.mmmu”!w

91 “o”. of,hcn dnawo”. s“”! m ch.ra<twm” !“. dt$trtcr N II”., s“ d..,. d-oh m ,.”, OW”.ar-.”-, !,!s Ihk.

H 3 F,om ,h. h..,,” .,,,,., s knmvtedv ●nd obmw.,,o”’ of th. ch,ld ●nd *r. “ac_”rv from .va,l.bl.r..mrds wh.! ,. N s 1“!,11-!”.1 dr#.10Pm.nt mnr!d.r- m ti?

NOrrn.1 or .E. we time ---- --— ---

Slqhu, mckward --- - --- ----- - -

D, f,n, !el, backward . --— -- . . . --

OUTCI ,,!.. !,0. d-m d-.r,b. --—.— .

-------- --- -.----

I.,. tf!cmn! lnloml.!m” -- ------ .

If ●t ●ll tikward I“ ,“t.1,.cm.ldw.lo.m.”, ,(”. 8“, r.b”.”, d,awosm ad tit.,), of.,n!m.n( .rcc.du”l,l or ,“”., !,,.,,.”, ,1 a“,

—----- ---- -

------ ---

— v., , “41

Fad. “,.11

Slight(,

,..=, !. .Onuc, Mm. h!! In!er”mw

O,her utua,m” dn= des?r>ti

NO “o dmifmc”l!,,“ ,1s9”, d, fk”lt,Y“ m“%!d.fabl. d, f!,c”lw

La

1

2

3

.

5

.1

.2

-3

,4

-0

,

2

3

d

5

1

2

3

1

,2

(4.)

(.3,

,..,

(*71

3 ,441. .

5

142

.

—

—

—

Dam d ,“Q*,.W ------ -- - -- -. - - --------- - - -. - -_ti L2

Name of H,alth VOIOtOr conducting ,h, mtw”a*\v -.. ---- ___

PI us. “o,, M .,,

(1) any Orhe,rdmant,nform,t, on wh!ch you f~l h,, “o, alreadybeen brought . . . m !h,

m,. fwlev form

(,,) anv corrme”u ., oh,,, ,,,.”, by he C..erd ?racvt,.ne, II h, m ,,,,h.,

(ml anv funh.r d.rads about q..sttcrs ,f .muff,c ..t ,pace w,., m q.”,, . . . . .. .

H 7 H..!. !..!..,. dmr” .f ..m.l.!.mf. 0! l!. .-”-..1*

h,,, P.,!,, NOI II “o! lull, mm.1.wd

Ho.-. !.!.!.<.s~-l

C>”,, . . . . . .

I

L-M3!.,.,1 5.11.0-.0,., !.” ,cm-. ,.”..s r.

2I

~T..,, 80.kl., 112’

W.a,.mang,a,.fulfarth. lnrn. v.” ha”,Y..”ThankW.10,“our h,lp———

143



ESRC DATA ARCHIVE

(F) 5 -YEAR FOLLOW-UP:

TEST BOOKLET

DOCUMENT PREPARED BY :



BRISTOL


5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

TEST BOOKLET


WITH THE ESRC DATA ARCHIVE

BY





Dr, J. GoldlngDepartment of Child HealthRoyal Hospital for Sick ChildrenSt. Michael’s H1llBristol. BS2 8BJ


Tracing the children

Data collection

1. The Maternal Self-completion

Questlonnalre


3. Test Booklet

4 The Developmental History Schedule

Admlnlstratlon

Non-response

References

Publlcatlons using these data

Pro.lects In hand

1

11

11

111

111

111

111

lV

V1

V1l

Y1ll


The data file XIV

Coding \lv

Vo , of cases \lv

Layout of tables .xlv

Matching files Xl\,

III DESCRIPTION

SectlOn A

SectIon B

Sect Ion C

SectIon D

SectIon E

Section F

SectIon G

SectIon H

References

OF THE DATA

Copying Designs Test 2

Human Figure Drawing 7

Engllsh Picture Vocabulary Test 26

Profile Test 28

Reading Test 33

Child’s measurements 35

Test conditions 36

Derived variables 39

49

IV THE TEST BOOKLET

1


The purpose of the 5-year survey was to review andevaluate pre-school health, care and education servicesthroughout Brltaln as experienced by the cohort of childrenborn during the week 5-11 April 1970.

The main flndlngs from the survey are publlshed intwo reports covering the social (Osborn, Butler and Morris,1984) and health (Butler and Goldlng with Hewlett, 1986)aspects of the children’s llves. The followlng ,notes on thesurvey methods are extracted from the report by Osborn,Butler and Morris (1984) from which further details can beobtained.

Traclnz the children

The children In England and Wales were tracedthrough the cooperation of the registration dlvlslon of theRegistrar General’s OffIce (RGO), the National Health ServiceCentral Register (NHSCR) and Family Practltloner Committees(FPCS). The RGO produced a computer llstlng of every childwhose date of birth was registered as occurring during theweek 5-11 April 1970. Using the details provided by the RGOthe NHSCR was then able to ldentlfy the Area Health Autborlty(AHA) in which each child was last registered with a NHSgeneral practitioner. The NHSCR could also say If a childhad gone abroad, was reg~stered with a Service MedicalOfficer, I.e. If the father was a member of the armed forces,or had died, In which case a copy of the death certificatewas supplled. Using the NHS number provided by the NHSCR,Family Practltloner Committees could plnpolnt the homeaddress of children who had not emigrated or died. Thisinformation was passed to the community nursing service ofthe AHA In which the FPC was located, and the local healthvlsltors personally approached the famllles In question,Invltlng them to participate In the study. This procedureensured that lnformat~on confidential to the healthauthorities such as the home address of the study child waanot disclosed to the research team unless the parenta hadagreed to take part.

A slmllar procedure was adopted In Scotland, butbecause the admlnlstratlve structure was sl~ghtly different,the Scottish NHSCR was provided with the names of thechildren who had taken part In the Brltlsh Births (1970)study . They added the child’s NHS number and located theHealth Board In which the ch~ld was last reglatered with aNHS general practitioner. Admlnlstratora of Primary Care Ineach Health Board used this Information to ldentlfy eachch~ld’s home address which was communicated to the healthvlsltors who then Invited the parents’ partlclpatlon.

The whereabouts of children of servicemen who wereregistered with a Service Medical Officer were determinedwith the help of tbe Service Children’s Education Authority.This group Included 64 children of service famlllea who wereInterviewed by nurses of the Soldlers, Sailors and Airmen

11

Famllles Assoclatlon (SSAFA) In West Germany, Malta,Gzbraltar and Singapore. These children were included In thesurvey because they were members of the Brltlsh Births cohortand although they were overseas In 1975 were llkely to returnto Brltaln and be Included In future follow-ups of thecohort.

These methods of tracing depended entirely on theava~lablllty of Information obtained at the time of thechildren’s birth. Thus children who were born outside GreatBrltaln but were resident here In 1975 could not be traced inth~s way. Health vlsltors located some of these children byscanning child health records for children born during thestudy week, but lmmlgrant children were Inevitably under-represented In the sample. The NHSCR could provide noInformation about children who were adopted for reasons ofconfldentlallty. Some adopted children were located fromchild health records, but information obtained on thesechildren at age five could not be llnked with that obta~nedat birth because of the lack of necessary informationconcerning their orlglns.

The cohort size in 1975 was estimated to be 16,284children. Of these 13,135 (80.7%) were successfully tracedand interviewed on or shortly after their fifth birthdays InApril 1975. This was considered to be a reasonable responserate considering the difficulty of tracing children In thepreschool period.

Data collection

Four research documents were used In the five-yearsurvey. These were:

1. Maternal Self-completion Questlonnalre2. Home Interview Questlonnalre3. Test Booklet4. Developmental History Schedule

These documents were designed to obtain differenttypes of Information.

1. The Maternal Self-completion Questlonnalre (MSQ) wasdesigned for completion by the mother herself. This was donemainly to reduce the effect of Interviewer bias in completingthe attitudinal data. However, this also served to reducethe duration of the home Interview. More than half themothers (56.4%) completed the MSQ out of the presence of thehealth vlsltor and a further 28.1% completed It unaidedduring the health vlsltor’s vlslt. The health vlsltor’s helpwas needed by only 15.5% of the mothers, some of whom haddifficulty In reading or required an Interpreter. The MSQcontained questions concerning the child’s behavlour at homeand maternal depression. These were based on the Rutter AScale of behavloural deviance and the Malalse Inventory(Rutter et al., 1970). There were also forty-threeattitudinal Items designed to ellclt attitudes towards childrearing, maternal employment, television vlewlng and hospital

.. . ..-. —

111

vlsltlng.

2. The Home Interview Quee.tionnalre (HIQ) wasadministered by health vlsltors who carried out thelntervxews In the children’s own homes. Usually theinterviewee was the mother (92.3%), Relatively few fatherswere present at interviews (7%)0 Fewer than 1% of theinterviews were carried out with persons other than thechild’s parents. Many questions In the HIQ had precededresponse categories where a flnlte number of responses couldbe anticipated. Other questions were of the open-ended typewhich required responses to be written down. Th~s approachwas used where the potential range of responses was unknownIn advance. Replles to open-ended questions were codedaccording to schemes devised by scrutlnlslng a thousandrandomly selected questionnaires.

3. Test Booklet (TB) waa administered by the health vlsltorduring her vlslt to the child at home.

4. The Developmental History Schedule (DHS) was designed toobtain Information from child health records. Details ofdevelopmental screening throughout the preschool period wereobtained by reference to child health cllnlc and healthvlsltor records where these were available. The number ofmlsslng records, however, make these data of llmlted use, andthey are not deposited In the ESRC archives.

nistratlonAdml

To achieve a reasonable degree of consistency Inthe manner In which lntervlew and tests were carried outnationally, a comprehensive set of explanatory notes wasprepared for the health vlsltor Interviewers. In addltlon,brleflng meetings were held at regional centres throughoutBrltaln. Cr~tlclsm of the deployment of health vlsltors assurvey ~ntervlewers (Newson, 1970, P.19) 1s totally misplacedIn studies of this type (Douglas, 1976, PP.11-13). Nearlyhalf the famllles in this study were known to the healthv~sltor Interviewers through previous professional contact.Health vlsltors are seen by the mothers as medical workerswith a legitimate Interest In all aspects of the children’shealth, development, social and family circumstances. Healthvlsltors also had accesa to child health records whichprovided an Important additional source of mformatlon on theearly health surveillance of these children as well as themeans of tracing additional children born In the study week.

The ma~n period of data collection took place overSIX months In 1975, during which time Information wasobtained on 95% of the traced sample (Figure 1). Thus ,Inferences can be made about children aged between five andfive and a half years. The same statistical considerationsapply to this sample as to that of the National ChildDevelopment Study. David et al., 1972, p 216 and Prlngel etal. , 1966, p 10, concisely summarise these considerations.

.,

Cumulativepercentage

lV

NONTH OF COMPLETION OF HOME 1NTEBVISW QUESTIONNAIRE

100~---x

x

90

80/x

70

60

50

40

1

/

I30

20

10 /

Total N = 12,937

Date of lntervlewnot known . 198

Total sample = 13,135

Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Ott Nov Dec Jan-July1975 1976

Month of completion

Non-response

There are basically two types of non-response whichhave been termed speclflc and gross non-response. Speclflc nOn-response occurs where respondents cooperate In the study but fallto complete every part of It and results In some queatlons havinga PrOPOrtlOn of ‘not stated’ respon~e~. Some questions In thepresent study were affected more by speclflc non-response thanothers . For example, Information about the parental sltuatlonwas obtained on every child, but information about the father’sexperience of any unemployment waa not available for over 30% ofthe children. The maJorlty of variables, however, had a spec~flcnon-response rate of under 5X.

Gross non-response was due to cohort members beingcompletely mlsslng from the survey. The two main causes of grossnon-response were failure to trace children born In the studyweek and unwillingness on the part of some famllles to cooperateIn the study. The total gross non-response rate was only a fifth(19.3%) of the estimated sample size despite the difficulty oftracing the children before they had all entered Infant school.Assessment of bias was tackled In two ways: firstly, comparisonof birth characteristics of those followed up with those who werenot, revealed no social claas differences, and no sex

v

differences. Children born to teenage mothers, those of highparity, those who were heavy smokers were somewhat less likely tobe contacted. This difference waa relatively small. Thestrongest bxas, however, concerned a failure to trace thechildren of mothers who were single, separated, widowed or

divorced at the time of birth (Butler & Goldlng 1986). Secondly,It was decided to trace and obtain limlted Information about thechildren who were missed In the 1975 study In order to checkwhether these differed In any important respects from those whowere successfully traced and Interviewed. Thla additional surveytook place Just two years later, when the children were seven.

There was llttle regional or social claas varlatlon Intrace rates. Nevertheless, factors more directly related to theproblems of tracing and Intervlewlng cohort members, such asgeographical mobll~ty and family dlsruptlon, proved to be moreImportant conalderatlons (Osborn, Butler & Morris, 1984). Higherproportions of children In the 1975 survey were llv~ng with theirnatural parents.

Children of ethnic mlnorltles were more dlfflcult totrace, especially If they had come Into Brltaln since the time oftheir birth. Intervlewlng dlfflcultles, especially where therewere language differences, further increased the risk of bias Inthe study. The 1975 survey found 92.3% of the children were withparents who were both of UK orlgln, I.e. not members of an ethnicmlnorlty, but In the 1977 study of children missed ~n 1975 thisfigure was down to 84%.

Famllles which are geographically mobile are expectedto be dlfflcult to trace and this factor could have been a maJorreason why some famllles were not traced In t~me for the 1975survey.

Even with this sizable difference between the childrenIn the two surveys, however, the relatively large size of thesample Interviewed in 1975 compared with the 1977 sample meansthat any bias resultlng from the loss of children In mobilefamllles w1ll be trlvlal for analyses Involvlng the whole 1975survey sample. Analys~s carried out on a sub-sample of highlymobile children (I.e. those who moved more than twice In fiveyears), however, would be very prone to error because over afifth (22.9%) of this group were untraced for the 19’75 survey.Comparisons were made In terms of overcrowding (persons per roomratio), and avallablllty of four basic household amenltles(kitchen, bathroom, Indoor lavatory and hot water supply). Theobserved differences were so small that statistical significancewas achieved for only two of the five housing Indicators -crowding and avallablllty of a kitchen. These Items suggestedthat the 1975 sample had a sllght excess of children In poorhousing conditions. The differences, however, were notsufficient to create a bias In the 1975 sample.

The likelihood of bias resultlng from mlsslng data 1sdiscussed in more detail In Osborn, Butler & Morrla (1984).

V1

Beference.a

Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B. and Qulnton, D., 1977, Biasreaultlng from mlsslng Information, Brltlah Journal ofPreventive and Social Medlclne, 31, 131-6.


Douglas, J.W.B., 1976, The use and abuse of national cohorts, InShlpman, M. (cd.), The Organlsatlon and Impact of SocialResearch, London: Routledge k Kegan Paul, PP. 3-21.

Evans, R. and Sparrow, H., 1975, Trends In the assessment ofearly childhood development, Child: Care Health andDevelopment, 1, 127-41.

Goodenough, F., 1926, Measurement of Intelligence BY Drawings,New York: Harcourt, Brace k World.

Harris, D.B., 1963, Children’a Drawings aa Measures ofIntellectual Maturity, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.

Koppltz, E.M., 1968, Psychological Evaluation of Children’s HumanFigure Drawings, New York: Grune & Stratton.

Newson, J. & E., 1970, Four Years Old In an Urban Community,Harmondsworth: Penguin.

OffIce of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1970, Classlflcatlonof Occupation, London: HMSO.

Osborn, A.F. and Carpenter, A*P. , 1980, A rating of nelghbourhoodtypes, Clearlng House for Local Authority Social ServicesResearch, 3, 1-37, Blrmlngham: Unlverslty of Birmingham.

Prlngle, M.K., Butler, N.R. and Davle, R., 1966, 11,000 Seven-year olds, London: Longmans.

Scott, L.H., 1981, Measuring Intelligence with the Goodenough-Harrls drawing test, Psycholog~cal BulletIn, 89 (3), 483-505.

Vll

~St of D~S SttiChi~ta rom the 5-year sweeu as ovember

Books and monographs

Butler, N,R., Goldlng, J. with Hewlett, B.C. (eds) 19B6From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and BehavlourBrltaln’s Five year olds.Oxford. Pergamon Press.

Oshorn, A.F. and Butler, N.R. 1985

of

Ethnic Mlnorlty Children. A Comparative Study from Birth to FiveYears. London. Commlsslon for Racial Equallty.

Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R. and Morris, A.C. 1984The Social Life of Brltaln’s Five Year Olds. A report of theChild Health and Education Study. London: Routledge and KeganPaul ,

Osborn, A.F. and Mllbank, J.E. 1987The Effects of Early Educat~on. A report from the Child Healthand Education Study of children in Brltaln born 5-11 April 1970.Oxford: Clarendon Press.

St. Clalre, L. and Osborn, A.F. 1987The ablllty and behavlour of childrenseparated from their parents. ReportSocial Research Council, Early ChildVolume 28, Number 3 - Monograph.

Chapters In books


Atkinson, S. and Butler, N.R. 1985Vlslon problems In under 5’s. The At-Risk Infant:Psycho/Soclo/Medical Aspects. Harel, S. and Anastaslon, N.J.(eds,). London: Paul Brookes Publlshlng Co.

Butler, N.R. 1977Family and community Influences on O-5’s, utlllsatlon ofpreschool day-care and preventive health care. O-5’s: A ChangingPopulation; Impllcatlons for Parents, the Publlc and PO1lCYmakers . Papers from a sem~nar of Institute of Child Health,Unlverslty of London, 20 May 1977. Voluntary Organlsatlons’Lla~son Council for Under Fives; PP 30-62.

Dowllng, S.F.O. 1977The lnterrelatlonsh~p of children’s use of child health cllnlcsand day-care facllltles In the preschool years. O-5’s: A ChangingPopulation; Impllcatlons for Parents, the Publlc and PO1lCYmakera. Papers from a seminar of Institute of Child Health,Unlverslty of London, 20 Hay 1977. Voluntary Organlsatlons’Llalson Council for Under Fives; PP 63-67.

Viii

Evans, J-A. 1989Long-term associations between parental smoking and childdevelopment. In ‘The needs of parents and infants: proceedingsof a symposium. Cambridge: The Health Promotion Research Trust,pp 19-2’7.

Goldlng, J. 1986Child Health and the Environment. Brltlsh Medical BulletIn. 42:pp 204-211.

Goldlng, J. 1986Cross-cultural correlates of ill-health in childhood In. TheHealth and Development of Children. Mllea, H.B. & Still E (eda)Drlffield, Humberslde. Nafferton Books, PP 53-63.

Goldlng, J. 1989Illegltlmate births: Do they suffer in the long term?In: Early Influences Shaping the :ndlvldual. Doxladla, S. &Stewart, S. (eds). New York: Plenum Press.

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1983Convulalve disorders In the Child Health and Education Study. InResearch Progress In Epilepsy. Cllfford Rose, F. (cd) London.Pltman Press. pp 60-70.

Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R. 1984Wheezing and strease Stress and Dlsablllty In Childhood: Thelong-term problems. Butler, N.R. and Corner, B.D. (eds.).Bristol: Wright, pp 87-99.

Pollock, J. 1989Health behavlour of women and long-term aasoclatlona m theirchildren. In ‘The Needs of Parents and Infants: proceedings of asymposium: Cambridge. The Health Promotion Research Trust pp 7-18.

Stewart-Brown, S. 19B6Visual defects In school children. Screening PO1lCY andeducational lmpllcatlona. Progress in Child Health,Volume 3.Macfarlane, J.A. (cd.). London: ChurchIll Llvlngstone.

Verity, C.M. and Ross, E.M. 1985Longltudlnal studies of children’s epilepsy. In PaedlatricPerspectives on Epilepsy. Ross, E and Reynolds, E (eds)Chlchester” Wiley pp 133-140. +

Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S. and Taylor, B. 1984The role of national longitudinal studlea In the predictionof health, development and behavlour. Monltorlng Child Health Inthe United States Selected Issues and Pollcles. Walker, D.K. andRichmond, J.B. (eds.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: HarvardUnlverslty Press Pp 63-83.

1x

Articles In journals

Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Goldlng, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J.Acute appendlcltls and bathrooms In three samples of Brltlshchildren. British Medical Journal 1988; 296: 956-8.

Baumer, J.H. , Wadsworth, J. , Taylor, B.Family recovery after death of a child. ArchIves of Disease InChildhood 1988; 63: 942-47.

BIJUr, P.E., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M. 1988Persistence of occurrence of InJury: Can lnJurles ofpreschoolers predict lnJurles of school age children?Pedlatrlcs 82: 707-712.

BIJur, P.E., Goldlng, J., Kurzon, M. Childhood accidents, familysize and birth order. Social Science and Medlclne 1988; 26:839-843.

BIJur, P.E. , Stewart-Brown, S. and Butler, N.Child behaviour and accidental lnJury In 11,966 preschoolchildren. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1986;140.487-92.

B1.JUr, P. , Goldlng, J. , Haslum, M., Kurzon, M. 1988Behavloural predictors of InJury in school-age children.American Journal of Diseases of Children 142 1307-1312.

Burnell, I. and Wadsworth, J.Home truths. One-Parent Times. 1982; 8-8-12.

Butler, N.R.Child Health and Education In the Seventies: some results on the5 year follow-up of the 1970 Brltlsh Births Cohort. HealthVlsltor 1980; 53:81-82.

Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J., Haslum, M. and Stewart-Brown, S.Recent flndlngs from the 1970 Child Health and Education Study(Section of epidemiology and community med,clne meeting held 11February 1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medlclne. 1982;75 781-4,

Emend, A., Gold~ng, J., Peckham, C. 1989Cerebral palsy In two national cohort studies. Archives ofDlseaae In Childhood 64 848-852,

Goldlng, J.Accidents In the under fives. Health Vlsltor. 1983; 56:293-4.

Goldlng, J. and Fedrlck, A.Infant sleeplng dlfflcultles and subsequent development.Health Vlsltor 1986; 59:245-6.

Goldlng, J. and Fogelman, K.Are Brltaln’s children getting healthler9Paedlatrlc Reviews and Communlcatlons 1989; 3: 235-245.

x

Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.J,What else do SIDS risk prediction scores predict? Early HumanDevelopment 1985; 12:24’7-260.

Goldlng, J. & Peters, T.J. The epidemiology of childhood eczema:I. A population based study of associations. Paedlatrlc &Perlnatal Epldemlology 1987; 1:67-79.

Goldlng, J. and Porter, C.National cohort studies - the facts about Brltaln’s children.Health Vlsltor 1982; 55:639-43.

Haslum, H.N.Length of pre-school hospltallsatlon, multl-admissions and latereducational attainment and behavlour. Child Care, Health andDevelopment 1988; 14: 275-91.

Neusplel, D.R., Rush, D., Butler, N.R., Goldlng, J., BIJur, P.E.and Kurzon, M,Parental smoking and post-infancy wheezing In children: aprospective cohort study. American Journal of Public Health,1989; 79:1-4.

Osborn, A.F,Maternal employment,depresslon and child behavlour. EqualOpportunltles Commlsslon Research Bulletln 1984; 8:48-67.

Osborn. A.F.Assess;ng the soclo-economic status of famxlies. Sociology198’7; 21:429-448.

Osborn, A.F.Early Starters. Child Education 1987; 64:10-12.

Park, E.S., Goldlng, J., Carswell, F. and Stewart-Brown, S.Preschool wheezing and prognosis at 10. Archives of Disease mChildhood 1986; 61:642-646.

Peters, T.J. & Goldlng, J. The Epldemlology of Childhood Eczema:II. Statlstlcal analyses to Identify Independent earlypredictors. Paedlatrlc & Perlnatal Epldemlology, 1987; 1:80-94.

Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J., Lawrence, C.J., Fryer, J.G.,Chamberlain, G.V.P. and Butler, N.R.Delayed onset of regular respiration and subsequent development.Early Human Development 1984; 9:225-39.

Peters, T., Harragln, R. and Goldlng, J.Does delayed onset of regular respiration ❑atter? Health Visitor1985; 58:255-256.

Stewart-Brown, S.Spectacle prescribing by optlclans. Brltlsh Journal ofOphthalmology, 1966; 70”933.

-- —

xl

Stewart-Brown, S., Peters, T.J., Gelding, J. and Bi.iur, P.Case definition In childhood accident studies: a vital factor indetermining results. International Journal of Epidemiology 1986;15: 352-359.

Taylor, B.Social factors and related Influences on lower respiratorylllneas of early childhood. Respiratory Dlseaae In Practice 1984;1:30-5.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Breastfeedlng and child development at five years. DevelopmentalMedlclne and Child Neurology. 1984; 26:73-80.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tractlllneas In early llfe. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1987,62:786-791.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. and Butler, N.R. .Teenage mothering: admlsslon to hospital and accldenta duringthe first five years. ArchIves of Disease In Childhood 1983;58”6-11.

Taylor, B. , Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breast feeding, bronchitis and admlaslons for lower respiratoryIllness and gastroenterltls during the first five yeara.Lancet 1982, 1:1227-9.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Goldlng, J. and Butler. N.R.Breastfeedlng, eczema, asthma and hay fever. Journal ofEpldemlology and Community Health 1983; 37:95-99.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. , Wadsworth, M. and Peckham, C.Changes In the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the1939-45 war. Lancet 1984; 11:1255-7.

T1ssler, G.Bedwettlng at five years of age. Health Vlsltor 1983; 56:333-5.

Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R. and Goldlng, J.Febrile convulsions In a national cohort followed up from birth.I: Prevalence and recurrence In the first five years of llfe.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985; 290:1307-10.

Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R. and Gelding, J.Febrile convulsions In a national cohort followed up from birth.II-Medical history and Intellectual ability at 5 years of age.Brltlsh Medical Journal 1985; 290:1311-15.

Wadsworth, J. , Burnell, I. , Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.Family type and accidents In preschool children. Journal ofEpldemlology and Community Health 1983; 37:100-104.

Wadsworth, J. , Burnell, I., Taylor, B. and Butler, N.R.The Influence of family type on children’s behavlour anddevelopment at five years. Journal of Child Psychology andPsychiatry 1985; 26:245-254.

X11

Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B,, Oaborn, A. and Butler, N.R,Teenage mothering: child development at five years. Journal ofChild Psychology and Psychiatry 1984; 25:305-14.

Reports

B1.Jur, P.E.The Relatlonshlp Between Child Behavlour and Accidents from Birthto Five: A Multlvarlate Analysls of a National Cohort. Ph.D.Thesis. Columbla Unlversity,New York. 1984.

Butler, N.R. , Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, J.Teenage Mothering. Report to the Department of Health and SocialSecurity. Department of Child Health, Univeralty of Brlatol.1981.

Goldlng, J., Hicks, P. and Butler, N.R,Eczema In the First Five Years. Report to the National EczemaSociety. Department of Child Health, Unlveralty of Bristol.1982.

Goldlng, J., Hewlett, B.C. and Butler, N,R.Immunlsatlon ReactIons and Long-term Follow-up, Report to theDepartment of Health and Social Security. Department of ChildHealth, Unlverslty of Bristol, 1981.

Haslum, M.N.Some orlglns of handicap and disadvantage In young children.Report to ActIon Research for the Crippled Child. Department ofChild Health, Unlvers~ty of Bristol, 1978.

Osborn, A.F.Preschool Education In Brltaln. Report to the Leverhulme TrustFund. Department of Child Health, Unlverslty of Brlatol. 1980.

Oaborn, A.F.Reslllent Children A Longltudlnal Study of High AchlevlngSocially Disadvantaged Children. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Bristol. 1988,

Osborn, A,F.Maternal Employment, DepressIon and Child Development.Report to the Economic and Social Research Council, 1989.

Peters, T.J.A Statlatlcal Investlgatlon of Risk Indicators for PerlnatalOutcome and Early Child Development. Ph.D. Thesla. Unlverslty ofExeter. 1985.

St Clalre, L. and Oaborn, A,F.Ablllty and Behavlour of Children In Care or Separated fromParents. Report to the Economic and Social Research Council.Department of Child Health,Unlverslty of Bristol. 1985.

Thomas, P., Goldlng, J. and Peters, T.Delayed Attendance for Antenatal Care. Report to the HealthPromotion Trust. Department of Child Health,Unlverslty ofBristol. 1986.

.—. — ,—. .

Xlll

Letters to Journals

Goldlng, J., Butler, N.R. and Taylor, B.W.Breast feeding and eczemalasthma. Lancet 1982; 1: 623.

Peters, T.J., Goldlng, J. and Butler, N.R.Breaat-feeding and childhood eczema. Lancet 1985; 1:49-50.

Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Rlslng Incidence of eczema. Lancet 1985 1:464-465.

Taylor, B. and Wadsworth, M.E.J.Young mothers and their children. Lancet 1963; 1:928-929.

~ t

.1. The effects of goclal and educational change on behavlour In

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

mld-childhood (A.F. Osborn).

Regional varlatlon In morbldlty and health behavlour (J.Pollock).

Accidental lnJurles (J. Goldlng).

Convulsive disorders (C, Verity).

The long-term effects of passive smoking (J-A Evans).

Immunlsatlon Benefits and costs (J. Pollock).

Maternal health behavlour and long-term effects on the child(J. Pollock).

Pre-term dellvery and child health(T. Shenton).

Child health and development afterby pre-eclampsla (P. Thomas).

and development

pregnancies complicated

—.. .

XIV

PART II. DESCRIPTION OF DATA FORMAT,

The data file

This is set up In SPSS(X) format.

Coding

Throughout the followlng standard codes have been used:

-1 not applicable (I.e. the quest~on 1s notrelevant to this child)

-2 not known (i.e. the question may berelevant but the answer wasspecifically stated to beunknown)

-3 not stateci/not attempted (i.e. no anawer wasgiven)

Number of cases

In all, there are 13,135 cases on file.

Layout of tables

Detazls are given for each variable on the file In thepages that follow.


The code, frequency (I.e. no of children with thatcode) and percentage (out of 13,135) are then given for all non-continuous variables.

Matching files


1

TEST BOOKLET

Tests and assessments of the children’s ability wereneeded In this study to provide a meana of comparing theslgnlflcance of different types of social and emotxonalexperience for the cogn~tlve development of young children,

The choice of tests waa llmited by the fact that therewere few standardised testa for five-year-olds that couldreasonably be carried out In the children’s own homes.Psychological assessment 1s not among the many skills acquiredduring health vlsltor tralnlng and, as the survey was beingcarried out by more than 6000 health vlaltors, on the spotassessment of children’s test performance would have been subJectto considerable varlatlon between health visitors. Thus teatswere selected which could be performed by young children at home,required no assessment of the child’s competence by the testerand which could be scored at the survey headquartera by tra~nedcoders. The tests selected Included the Human Figure DrawingTest, a Copying Designs Test and the Engllsh Picture VocabularyTest ,

Scoring the tests

Five coders were trained to score the test ualng thefirst 1000 Test Booklets for this purpose. Inter-scorerrellablllty (i.e. between scorers) waa checked on 273 randomlyselected Test Booklets and was found to be .94 for Human FigureDrawing which compares favorably with other studies reported byScott (Psychological Bulletln 1981; 89(3): p.489), .7 for CopyingDesigns and ,96 for EPVT, Intrascorer reliability (I.e. for aperson scoring the same test on separate occasions) was .9 ormore for all three tests. Having established that the teats werebeing scored rellably, coding proceeded on the whole set of TeatBooklets. The first 1000 were recoded again at the end toellmlnate the posslblllty of errors being attributed to scoringduring the tralnlng period. Although 5 coders were trained, thebulk of Teat Booklets (94.6%) were scored by only 3 coders, theother two having left after completing only 707 Test Booklets.

The scoring of two of the tests, i.e. Human FigureDrawing and Copying Designs, necessitated some degree ofsubjective Judgement In that coders had to decide whether thedrawings performed by these five-year-olds conformed with thestandards speclfled In the scoring Instruct Ions. Th~s wae notalways easy and the rellablllty checks carried out before scoringof the whole sample commenced could not lndlcate whether a coderwas consistently more len~ent or harah In scoring than the othercoders . Thla could only be observed at the end when the codingwas completed.

F

A comparison of the mean test scores for each of thethree tests as scored by the five Indlvldual coders suggestedthat the test which was most vulnerable to systematic varlatlonIn scoring was Human Figure Drawing. The mean Human FigureDrawing score In Test Booklets scored by one coder was 10.2(standard deviation 3.0) compared with a mean of 10.6 (SD 3.2) Inthose scored by one of the other coders. This difference was

2

statistically significant (P<O.001) but was equivalent to only.14 standard deviations of Human Figure Drawing score. Thed~fference between coders’ scoring of the Copying Dealgn Test waavery small (maximum difference between means was .05 SD, P<O.05).The mean EPVT scores showed no such difference between the coderswhich clearly reflected the fact that subjective judgement wasnot required In scoring this test.

KEY VARIABLE

All mothers In the birth survey have a key number In the range000010 to 164112, If born In Great Brltaln, and In the range200000 to 206212 If born In Northern Ireland. Children who werenot ~n the Birth Survey but included In the 5 year survey havekey nos In range 300000 - 399999. Note that multlple blrtha havethe same first 5 dlglts but can be dlstlngulshed using the lastdlglt.

F003 Sex

VALUE FREQUENCY PERCENT

BOY

Girl

1 6809 51.82 6326 48.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

SECTION A: COPYING DESIGNS TEST

QuestIon A.1 Aak the child to copy the dealgns on the next twopages as carefully as possible.Fold the book back so that the child can see onlyone page at a time.Point to each design In turn and say “see If youcan make one Just llke thla - here” and Point to

the space beside the design.Two attempts should be made at each design.Do not give the child any more help than theseInstructIons allow.

Previous studies (Davle, et al., 1972; Rutter et al.,1970) have tested children’s ablllty to copy designs as a meansot assessing their visual-motor coordination. Children In oursample were asked to make two copies of each of the 8 designsshown In the Test Booklet (reproduced at the end of thisdocument). The followlng principles were followed when scoringthe drawings.

1. The drawing must have the right general shape and look llkewhat It 1s supposed to be.

,.~. It should be approximately symmetrical.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9,

3

Angles should not be rounded.

The drawing should not be rotated, e.g. the pointtriangle should be uppermost.

Angles must be approximately opposite each otherthe triangle).

Sllght bowing or Irregularity of llnes IS allowed

of the

except for

Aa long as the other crlterla are met, neatness la notimportant.

Lines should meet approximately but aa long aa othercrlterla are met small gaps at Junctions are acceptable.

Sllght crossing and overlapping of llnes 1s permitted.

Not all children completed two drawings of each design,therefore a score of one was given if at least one good copy waamade of a given design. The total score was the sum of thescores obtained on each design, thus glvlng a range of O to 8.Zero score was obtained when a child attempted to copy at leaatone design but all attempts were Judged to be poor copies. Ifthe test was not attempted at all, a code of -3 wam assigned.

FO04 Copy Designs: Circle: Copy 1

Not attempted -3 125Good COpy 1 12508 9:::Poor copy 2 502 3.8

----.-- -------

TOTAL 13135, 100.0

FO05 Copy Designs: Circle. Copy 2

Not attempted -3 915 7.0Good COpy 1 11607 88.4Poor copy 2 613 4.7

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

FO06 Copy Designs: Cross: Copy 1

Not attempted -3 129Good COpy 1 11844 9::;Poor copy 2 1162 8.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

‘i’

4

FOO’7 ‘Copy Designs: Cross: Copy: 2

Not attempted -3 931 7.1Good COpY 1 11049 84.1Poor copy 2 1155 8.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

FO08 Copy Designs: Square: CoPS’ 1

Not attempted -3 139 1.1Good COpY 1 8310 63.3Poor copy 2 4686 35.7

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

FO09 COPY Designs: Square: COPY 2


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

FO1O Copy Dee.lgns: St. Andrew’s Cross” COPY 1

Not attempted -3 167 1.3Good COPY 1 7746 59.0Poor copy 2 5222 39.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

FO1l Copy Designs: St. Andrew’s Cross: COPY 2

Not attempted -3 944 7,2Good COPY 1 6866 52.3Poor copy 2 5325 40.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F012 COPY Designs” Flag: CopY 1

Not attempted -3 533 4.1Good COPY 2893 22.0Poor copy ; 9709 73.9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100,0

5

F013 Copy Designs: Flag: Copy 2


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100,0

F014 Copy designs: Triangle. Copy 1


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F015 Copy Designs: Triangle: Copy 2


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F016 Copy Designs. Diamond. Copy 1

Not attempted -3 407 3.1Good COPy 1 2592 19.7Poor copy 2 10136 77,2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100,0

F017 Copy Deslgna: Diamond: Copy 2


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F018 Copy Dealgns Thick Cross: Copy 1


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

6

F019 Copy Desxgns: Thick Cross: COPY 2

Not attempted -3 1367 10.4Good cOPY 1 3093 23.5Poor copy 2 8675 66.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

[N,B. Total score 1s found at F119]

7

SECTION B: HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING (DRAW-A-MAN ffEST)

Ques.tlon B.1 Ask the child to “make a picture of a man or lady”on the page opposite thla one. Terms such an“daddy”, “mummy”, “boy”, “girl”, etc. may be usedIn place of “man” or “lady” if the child respondmbetter to these,Ae.k him/her to make the beat picture he/she canand to draw .swhole Derhead,

sO~* not just a face or

When the child stops drawing ask if lt is finishedand allow him/her to make any addltlons he/shewants to. Be careful, however, not to ~additlona.When the drawing 1s flnlshed, ask the child whatlt 1s and note what he/she says at the bottom ofthe page,Then ask the child to make another picture on thenext page of a person of the oppoalte sex to thefirst. Note what the child says It is at thebottom.If It 1s not clear, ask the child to aay what thevarious parts of the drawing are and label them.Do this by asking “What’s this?” and pointing butdo not ask questlon s such a~ “Where’s hla arm?,legs?, eyes?, etc.Do not give the child any more help than theseInstructions allow.

The Human Figure Drawing Test used In the present studywas a modlf~ed version of the Draw-a-Man Test originally devlaedby Florence Goodenough (1926)* and later developed by Dale Harris[1963)*. The Harris-Goodenough test has heen subJected toextensive evaluation as a measure of IQ and correlations withconventional IQ tests (Blnet, Wechsler, etc. ) averaging between.4 and .5 have been reported (Scott, 1981)*. Harris himselfsuggested that the test 1s more lndlcatlve of ‘conceptualmaturity’ than IQ (op. clt, P.5). This shift In emphasis getssway from the notion of unitary lntelllgence, and permitsconsideration of children’s concepts of the human figure as anIndex or sample of their concepts generally.

The drawings produced by the CHES children at the ageof 5 were relatively simple and dld not warrant theimplementation of the full Harris-Goodenough scale of 73 Items.The CHES scoring scheme was based on 30 developmental itemssuggested by Ellzabeth Koppltz (1968)* but used the Harris pointsystem of scoring. One point was scored for each itemrepresented In the drawing glvlng a maximum possible score of 30.In fact the actual range achieved was 1 to 23.

[* references as on page v1]

8

Human Figure Drawing 1

F020 HFD 1 Child’s Descrlptlon

Test not attempted -3paue 1

Male (eg daddy, boy, man etc) 1Female (eg mummy, girl, 2lady, etc)Other 3No response 4[If child responded ‘me’a~:O~rlate sex was coded]D nMale (eg daddy, boy, man etc) 5Female (eg mummy, girl, 6lady etc)No Response 8No drawing on 1st page, & only 91 drawing on 2nd page

TOTAL

F021 HFD 1 Head

Test not attemptedNot storableHead not presentOnly 1 circle present, couldbe head or bodyOnly 1 circle present, couldbe head or body .%has facelnalde ItClear outllne of head present& head smaller than bodyClear outllne of head present& head about the same sizeas bodyClear outllne of head present& head bigger than body

-3-201

2

3

4

5

69

66696028

65113

1618

14143

,------

13135

21213910561

1701

5643

2230

3044

.5

50.845.9

.5

.9

1

:1

.11.1

-------

100.O

1.61.1.8.5

13.0

43.0

17.0

23.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

~Test was regarded as ‘not storable’ If It was scribble or not adrawing of a figure.

9

F022 HFD 1 Eyes

Any representation was allowed (1 or 2 eyes)

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 435 3.3Feature present 1 12349 94.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F023 HFD 1 pUPllS

Dlstlnct circles or dots wlthln outllnes of eyes


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F024 HFD 1 Eyebrows or eyelashes

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2No brows or lashes oBrows but no lashes 1Lashes but no brows 2Browa and lashes 3

TOTAL

212139

113001076224184

-------

13135

1.61.1

86.08.21.71.4

-------

100.0

F025 HFD 1 Nose

Any representation allowed


---.--- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F026 HFD 1 Nostrils

Dota or nostrils shown in addltlon to nose


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

10

F027 HFD 1 Mouth


Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature abaent o 1408 10.7Feature present 1 11376 86.6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F026 HFD 1 ‘TWO llPS

Two llPS outllned and separated by llne from each other(two rows of teeth only were not scored)

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 12713 96.8Feature present 1 71 .5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F029 HFD 1 Ear


Test not attemptedNot storableFeature absentFeature present

F030 HFD 1 Hair

Any representation, or hatwaa allowed


-3 212 1.6-2 139 1.10 11174 85.11 1610 12.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

or cap covering head and hldlng hair

-3 212 1.6-2 139 1.10 4462 34.01 8322 63.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

11

F031 HFD 1 Neck

Deflnlte ‘stalk’ separating head and body


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F032 HFD 1 Body

Any presentation, clear outllne necessery

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not gcorable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 1781 13.6Feature present 1 11003 83.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F033 HFD 1 Arms

Any representation

Not attemptedNot storableFeature absentFeature pregent

-3 212 1.6-2 139 1.10 2194 16.7

1 10590 80.6------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F034 HFD 1 Arms In 2 dimensions

Both arms represented by more than a single llne (e.g. parallelllnes)

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature ahsent o 7931 60.4Feature present 1 4853 36.9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

12

F035 HFD 1 Arms at angle

Test not attempted -3 212Not acorable -2 139 ::;Any other posltlon o 2995 22.8One or botb arms polntlng down- 1 1’777 13,5wards at an angle of 30° or morefrom the horizontalArms ralaed appropriately for 2 24 .2actlvlty In which figure 1sengagedArms at right angles to 3 7406 56.4vertical clothlngArms at right angles to sloplng 4 347 2.6clothlngArms not at right angles to 5 235 1.8sloplng clothlng

see Figure 1 on next

F036 HFD 1 Arms

Teat not attemptedNot storable

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

page

correctly attached at shoulder

-3 212 1.6-2 139 1.1

.4rms not connected to body oArms firmly connected to 1body at shoulder levelArms f~rmly connected to body 2but at waist level (le. middleof body)Arms firmly connected to body 3but at hlp level (le. nearbottom of body)Arms connected to head 4Arms connected to legs 5

TOTAL

23031251

7565

88

115’7420

,------

13135

17.59.5

57.6

.7

8.83.2

-------

100.0

F037 HFD 1 Elbow

Dlstlnct angle in arm required (rounded curve m arm la notscored )

Teat not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 12664 96.4Feature present 1 120 .9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

13

—

Flmre 1

One o: &t& ams pomtmg downwards at an angleX3 o or more from the horizontal Coded 1

e.g.

P-----

3.

Arms rained appropriatelywhich f~gure is engaged

e.g.

!YArm9 at rzght anglea to

e.6.

-!3’+1

Anna at right anglea to

e.g.

7!

for actlvlty In

Coded 2

vertical clothng

aloplng clothing

Arms not at right angles to sloplngclothing

Qe.g.

$1

Any other

Anna extending horizontally from the body andthen turning down some dlatance from the body werenot acorad.—

Coded 3

Coded 4

Coded 5

Coded O

e.g.

!?’

14

F038 HFD 1 Hands

Dlfferentlatlon from arms and f~ngers necessary (eg. wldenlng ofarm or demarcation from arm by sleeve or bracelet)

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139Feature absent o 10152 7:::Feature present 1 2632 20.0

----.-- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F039 HFD 1 Fingers

Any representation dlstlnct from hands or arms. Any number offlngera acceptable

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139Feature absent o 8451 6::;Feature present 1 4333 33.0

------- ---__.-

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F040 HFD 1 Correct number of fingers

Five fingers on each hand or arm

Not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 11467 87.3Feature present 1 1317 10.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F041 HFD l.Legs

Any representation allowed (If female figure In long skirt waadrawn and sufficient distance between waist and feet allowed forlegs It was scored as 1)

Teat not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature absent o 540 4.1Feature present 1 12244 93.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

15

F042 HFD I:Legs In 2 dimensions

Both legs represented by more than single lineslines)

eg. paral. el

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature abaent o 8806 67.0Feature present 1 3978 30.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F043 HFD I-Knee

Dlstlnct angle In one or both legs (side view) or kneecap (frontview)

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Feature abaent o 12743 97.0Feature present 1 41 .3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F044 HFD l:Feet

Any representation

Test not attempted -3 212Not storable -2 139Feature absent o 5454Feature present 1 7330

-------

TOTAL 13135

1.61.1

41.555.8

-------

100.0

F045 HFD l.Feet In two dimensions

Feet extending In one dlrectlon from heel and showing greaterlength than height (side view) or feet drawn In perspective(front view)

Teat not attempted -3 212 1.6Not acorable -2 139 1.1Feature abaent o 11299 86.0Feature present 1 1485 11.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0 (

16

F046 HFD l:Proflle

Head drawn In profile even If rest of figure was not entirely Inprofile

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Not In profile o 12701 96.7Head only 1 83 .6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.O

F047 Clothlng one Item or none

The followlng Items were counted as clothlng:

Trousers, shirt, skirt, blouse, dress (upper part of dressseparated by belt was scored as blouse), coat, hat, helmet, belt,tie, hair ribbon, necklace, watch, ring, bracelet, pipe,cigarette, umbrella, cane, gun, rake, shoes, socks, wallet,briefcase, bat, gloves.

Test not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1No clothlng or more than o 10393 79.1one ~temOne item of clothlng 1 2287 17.4Body can be seen through 2 104 .8clothlng

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F048 HFD 1 No. Items of clothlng: 2 or 3

Not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -20, 1, 4+

139 1.10 12178 92.7

2 or 3 Items 1 561 4.3Body can be seen through 2 45 .3clothlng

------- -----_-

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F049 HFD 1 No. items of clothlng: 4 or more

Not attempted -3 212 1.6Not storable -2 139 1.1Less than 4 0 12762 97.24 or more 1 22 .2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

1’7

F050 HFD 1 Good Proportions

Not attempted -3 212 1,6Not storable -2 139 1.1No o 12711 96.8Yea 1 73 .6

------.- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F051 HFD 1 S~ze of Figure

No drawing -3 212 1.6Scribble -2 139 1.1<18cm 1 9996 76.118-22cm 2 1586 12.123cm+ 3 1202 9.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

HUMAN FIGURE DRAWING 2

F052 HFD 2 Child’s

Test not attemptedpane 1

Descrlptlon

-3 69 .5

Male (eg daddy, boy, man etc) 1Female (eg mummy, girl) 2Other 3No Response 4[If child responded ‘me’aPPrO:rlate sex was coded]paKeMale (eg daddy, boy, man etc) 5Female (eg mummy, girl, 6lady etc)Other 7No response 8No drawing on 1st page, & only 91 drawing on 2nd page

TOTAL

238217

917

57026339

5594

395

13135

1,81.7

1

:1

43.448.3

.4

.73.0

-------

100.0

18

F053 HFD 2 Head

Test not attemptedNot storableHead not presentOnly 1 circle present, couldbe head or bodyOnly 1 circle present, couldbe head or body k haa facelnslde ItClear outllne of head present& head smaller than bodyClear outllne of head present& head about the same sizeas bodyClear outllne of head present& head bigger than body

-3-201

2

3

4

5

TOTAL

F054 HFD 2 Eyes

Any representation was allowed (1

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2Feature absent oFeature present 1

TOTAL

48410711951

1752

5338

2128

3176

-------

13135

or 2 eyes)

464107404

12160,------

13135

3.5

::.4

13.2

40.6

16.2

24.2

-------

100.0

3.5.8

3.192.6

-------

100.0

F055 HFD 2 pUP1lS

Dlstlnct circles or dots wlthln outllnea of eyes

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature absent o 10852 82.6Feature present 1 1712 13.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F056 HFD 2 Eyebrows

Teat not attemptedNot storableNo brows or lashes

Brows but no laahesLashes but no browsBrows & lashes

-3 464 3.5-2 107 .80 11150 84.91 1028 7.82 228 1.73 158 1.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

19

F057 HFD 2 Nose



---.--- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F058 HFD 2 Nostrils

Dots or nostrils shown In addltlon to nose


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F059 HFD 2 Mouth


Test not attemptedNot storableFeature absentFeaturs present

F060 HFD 2 TWO LIPS

-3 464-2 10’70 14241 11140

-------

TOTAL 13135

Two lIPS outllned and separated by llne from(two rows of teeth only were not scored)


-------

TOTAL 13135

F061 HFD 2 Ear



-------

TOTAL 13135

3.5.8

10.884.8

-------

100.0

each other

3.5.8

95.1.5

-------

100.0

3.5.8

83.712.0

-------

100.0

20

F062 HFD 2 Ha~r

Any representation, or hat or cap covering head and hldlng hairwas allowed

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 10’7 .8Feature absent o 3969 30.2Feature present 1 8595 65.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F063 HFD 2 Neck

Deflnlte ‘stalk’ aeparatlng head and body


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F064 HFD 2 Body

Any presentation, clear outllne necessary

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature abaent o 1840 14.0Feature present 1 10724 81.6

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F065 HFD 2 Arms

Any representation


-3 464 3.5-2 107 .80 2191 16.71 10373 79.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

21

F066 HFD 2 Arms in 2 Dlmenslons

Both arms represented by more than a single llne (e.g. parallelllnes)

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2Feature absent oFeature present 1

TOTAL

F067 HFD 2 Arms at angle

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2Any other posltlon oOne or both arms polntlng down- 1wards at an angle of 30° or morefrom the horizontalArms ralaed appropriately for 2actlvlty In which figure 1sengagedArms at right angles to 3vertical clothlngArms at right angles to sloplng 4clothlngArms not at right angles to 5sloplng clothlng

TOTAL

464 3.5107 .8

7781 59.24783 36.4

------- -------

13135 100.0

464 3.5107 .8

3004 22.91718 13.1

15 .1

7415 56.5

238 108

174 1.3

------- ------.

13135 100.0

(see Figure 1 on P13)

F068 HFD 2 Arms correctly attached at shoulder

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Arms not connected to body o 2275 17.3Arms firmly connected to 1 1126 8.6body at shoulder levelArms firmly connected to body 2 7414 56.4but at waist level (le. middleof body)Arms firmly connected to body 3 109 .8but at hlp level (le. nearbottom of body)Arms connected to head 4 1198 9.1Arms connected to legs 5 442 3.4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

. ..—— . .

22

F069 HFD 2 Elbow

Dlstlnct angle in arm required (rounded curve In arm 1s notscored )

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature absent o 12442 94.7Feature present 1 122 .9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F070 HFD 2 Handa

Dlfferentlatlon from arms and fingers necessary (eg. wldenlng ofarm or demarcation from arm by sleeve or bracelet)

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature absent o 10039 76.4Feature Present 1 2525 19.2

------- _______

TOTAL 13135 100.O

F071 HFD 2 Fingers

Any representation dlstlnct from hands or arma. Any number offingers acceptable.

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature Absent o 8421 64.1Feature Present 1 4143 31.5

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F072 HFD 2 Correct No. of Fingers

Five fingers on each hand or arm

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature abaent o 11357 86.5Feature present 1 1207 9.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

23

F073 HFD 2 Legs

Any representation allowed (If female figure In long skirt wasdrawn and sufficient distance between waist and feet allowed forlegs It was scored as 1)

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature absent o 495 3.8Feature present 1 12069 91,9

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F074 HFD 2 Legs In 2 Dlmenslons

Both legs represented by more than single llnes (eg. parallelllnes )


------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F075 HFD 2 Knee

Dlstlnct angle In one or both legs (side view) or kneecap (frontview)

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Feature absent o 12530 95.4Feature present .1 34 .3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F076 HFD 2 Feet

Any representation


-3 464 3.5-2 107 .80 5438 41.41 7126 54.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

24

F077 HFD 2 Feet In two dimensions

Feet extending In one direction from heel and showing greaterlength than height (aide view) or feet drawn In perspective(front view)


------- -------mnm. rAW..-.ti 12125 100.0

F078 HFD 2 Profile

Head drawn In profile even If rest of figure was not entirely Inprofile

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Not in profile o 12507 95.2Head only 1 57 .4

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F079 HFD 2 Clothes: one Item or none

The followlng Items were counted as clothlng:

Trousers, shirt, skirt, blouse, dress (upper part of dressseparated by belt was scored as blouse), coat, hat, helmet, belt,t~e, hair ribbon, necklace, watch, ring, bracelet, pipe,cigarette, umbrella, cane, gun, rake, shoes, socks, wallet,briefcase, bat, gloves.

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8No clothlng o 10095 76.9One Item 1 2287 17.4Body can be seen through 2 182 1.4clothlng

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F080 HFD 2 No. Items of clothlng: two or three

Teat not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .80, 1 or 4+ o 11973 91.22 or 3 ltema 1 535 4.1Body can be seen through 2 56 .4clothlng

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

25

F081 HFD 2 NO. Items of clothlng: 4 or more

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8Less than 4 0 12553 95.64 or more 1 10 .1Body can be seen through 2 1 .0clothlng

------- ---- ___

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F082 HFD 2 Good Proportions

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8No o 12524 95.3Yes 1 40 .3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F083 HFD 2 Size of Figure

Test not attempted -3 464 3.5Not storable -2 107 .8<18cm 1 9722 74.018-22cm 2 1533 11.723cm+ 3 1309 10.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

[N.B. HFD scores are to be found at F113-F1161

26

SECTION C: ENGLISH PICTURE vocabulary TEST (SURVEY VERSION)

[see Test BOOklet for lnstruct~ons given to lnterv~ewer]

The English Picture Vocabulary Teat (EPVT) 1s anadaptation by Brlmer and Dunn (1962)* of the American PeabodyPicture Vocabulary Test. It consists of a serlea of 56 sets offour different pictures with a particular word aaaocxated witheach set of four pictures. The child IS aaked to po~nt out theone picture which corresponds to the given word, and the testprcceeds vith ,~crds C? :=creasIRg difficulty ,Jnt~l he or she

makes five mistakes In a run of eight consecutive Items. Thefinal Item achieved 1s designated the celllng Item. The EPVT rawscore 1s the total number of correct Items occurr~ng before thecelllng Item. The resultlng dlstrlbutlon of raw EPVT scores was

skewed and so the scores were transformed to give a standardnormal dlstrlbutlon (mean of zero and standard devlatlon of one).

[* Manual for the picture Vocabulary Test. Bristol: EducationEvaluation Enterprises PP 9-10]

F084 E.P.V.T. Error check: Number of Interviewer errors Incompleting the score sheet

Test not attempted -3 257 2.0NO check possible -2 665 5.1No errors o 9062 69.0No, of errors given 3151 24.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Range 1-56

F085 E.P.V.T. Base Item

Test not attempted -3Test not .scorable -2Less than 5 responses correct OIn first eight ItemsItem 1 1Item 2 2Item 3 3Item 4 4

TOTAL

2575064

126896474

-------

13135

2.0.4.5

96.6.51:0

-------

100.O

The base Item la the first correct Item lf child had 5 or morecorrect Items In the first 8 Items

27

F088 E.P.V.T. Celllng Item

Test not attempted -3 257 2.0Teat not acorable or no -2 114 .9base ItemCelllng Item given* 10274 78.2Test Incorrectly stopped 90 593 4.5before reacb~ng celllng ItemEnd of test reached without 91 1897 14.4achlevlng celllng Item

------- -------Tn’PA L.-.., 13135 100.0

* range 10-56

~The celllng Item 1s the ilfth Incorrect item in a sequence ofeight consecutive Items.

F087 E.P.V.T. Incorrect Responses

Test not attempted -3 257 2.0Not storable -2 114 .9Number of errors, before andIncludlng the celllng Item andafter the baae Item, given 12’764 97.2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

range 0-20

~Cases with fewer than five Incorrect responsea all had nocelllng Item (VAR F086 = 90 or 91)

F088 E.P.V.T. Perseveration

Not stated -3 345 2.6Not applicable, test not ‘ -1 228 1.7completed, not storableYes 1 472 3.6NO 2 12090 92.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

NQkPerseveration means that the child pointed to the same pictureposltlons irrespective of the key wc.rd for coneecutlve Items.

Total EPVT scores given at F117.

28

SECTION D: PROFILE TEST

1. The obJect of this test 1s for the child to complete theprofile drawn on the page opposite.

2. Make sure that the child understands what the drawing IS byIntroducing It In the followlng way and answer the questionat the foot of this page.*

(a) Point to the profile and say,

“!ihzt dc YSZ thznk th~~ Is?”. The child should showthat helshe understands what It 1s by replylng “ahead” , “a face”, “a man” , etc.

If the child does not show that he/she understands what It1s, ask,

(b) “Can you see what this 1s?” and follow with your fingerthe left side of the outllne of the profile fromforehead to the chin.

If profile 1s still not recognised, say,

(c) “Look , this 1s a face, len’t lt~” and trace around theleft side of the profile with your finger as before.

3. As soon as the child recognises what the drawing 1s, or Youhave explalned It, say, “DO you think you could flnlsh Itfor mev Draw everything that 1s m~sslng In It”.

4. When the child stops drawing, ask If It 1s finished andallow him/her to make any addltlons helshe wants to. Becareful, however, not to suggest addltlons. If It 1s notclear, ask the child to say what the various parts of thedrawing are and label them, ear, eye, mouth, etc. Do thisby asking, “What’s th~s~”, and polntlng.

DO NOT GIVE THE CHILD ANY MORE HELP THAN THESE INSTRUCTIONSALLOW .

F089 *At what stage In introducing the profile dld the childshow he/she recognised what the drawing ls?

Not stated -3 500 3.8Stage (a) Profile recognised 1 10859 82.’7as ‘head’, ‘face’, ‘man’ etcwithout promptingStage (b) Profile recognised 2 863 6.6with some promptingStage (c) Child told that 3 874 6.7profile 1s a ‘face’Profile not recognised 4 39 .3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

29

F090 Profile Test: Presence of Eyes

Test not attempted -3No eyes oOne eye 1Two eyes 2Other 8

TOTAL

684319

60805983

69-------

13135

F091 Profile Test. Presence of Ears

Test not attempted -3 684No ear o 7476One ear 1 3625Two ears 2 1345Other 8 5

-------

TOTAL 13135

F092 Profile Test: Presence of Nose

Test not attempted -3 684No nose details o 8459Nose In centre 1 2997Nostril added 2 995

-------

TOTAL 13135

F093 Profile Test: Presence of Mouth

Test not attempted -3 684No mouth details o 8483Mouth In centre 1 3160Teeth etc added 2 808

-------

TOTAL 13135

F094 Profile Test. Presence of Hair

Test not attempted -3 684No hair drawn o 4112Hair or hat 1 8339

-------

5.22.4

46.345.6

.5-------

100,0

5.256.927.610.2

.0-------

100.0

5,264,422.87.6

-------

100.0

5.264.624.16.2

-------

100.0

5.231.363.5

-------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

sDatlal Dositlon

F095 Profile

30

Test: One eye

Test not attempted -3 684 6.2Not applicable - no eye drawn -1 6371 48.5or more than one eye drawnOutalde Areaa 1 and 2 0 4446 33.8In Area 1 1 1068 8.1In Area 2 2 566 4.3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

~See figure 2 for Identlflcatlon of Areas 1 and 2.

F096 Profile Teat: One ear

Test not attempted -3 684Not applicable - no ear drawn -1 8826or more than one ear drawnOutside profile o 1313Inside profile 1 2312

-------

TOTAL 13135

F097 Profile Teat: Posltlon of hair

Test not attempted -3 684Not applicable - no hair -1 4112(1) Hair drawn outside profile(2) Hair drawn crossing profile

or Inside(3) Hair 1s only lndlcated by

scribbling or drawing dashes(4) Halrgtyle & dlrectlon can be

recognised In the drawingIf ((1) and (4)) or ((2) and O 5926(3)) applyIf all apply 1 2379If (2) and (4) apply 2 34

-------

TOTAL 13135

~ See figure 3 for plctorlal description

5.267.2

10.017.6

-------

100.0

5.231.3

45.1

18.1.3

-------

100.0

of hair.

31

.

F098 Profile test:

Test not attemptedNot applicable - no eye

32

shape of eye

-3 684 5.2-1 6371 48.5

Frontal view of the eye, o 5837 44.4PUP1l In centreFrontal view of the eye, PUPI1 1 238 1.8In the left cornerSide view of the eye 2 5 .0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

~see Figure 4 for plctorlal description of eye.

Ihgure 4Coded O

Coded 1

Coded 2

SECTION E:

Ask the motherF099 Does

33

READING TEST

If she thinks the child has begun to read at all.mother think child

Not stated -3No, child can read nothing or 1has not tried (N)Yes; child can read someletters (A)A+NYes, child can read somewords (B)B+NA+NA+B+NYes; child can read simplesentences (C)C+NA+CB+CA+B+CA+B+C+NCannot say Ifcan read (D)D+NA+DA+D+NB+DA+B+D

child

Other reply (E)E+NE+AE+A+NE+BE+A+BE+CE+B+CE+A+B+CE+DInltlal Teaching Alphabet(ITA) ment,oned (F)F+NF+AF+A+NF+BF+A+BF+CF+A+CF+B+CF+C+A+BF+DF+E

2

3.4

5678

91012141516

17181920223233343536384044464864

6566676870727476788096

TOTAL

~ NO attempt haa been made toas Indicated by the lnterv~ewer.

can read

4394401

225’7

482822

8678

51296

45

153175

6184

1

12121

15817231

241018242

119

23351

’72179118641

-------

13135

3.333.5

17.2

.421.5

.15.2.0

9.9

.0

.01.21.3.0

1.4

.01:0.0.0

1.21

:2.0.21

:1.0.0.0.9

2:3.0.51;7.01:0.0.0

-------

100.0

edit these data. The codes are

34

~ t e n test

If mother says the child can read some words or sentences, showthe word-card to the child and ask if helshe would read out asmany of the words as he/she can. Point to the first word andsay, “See If you can say this one”. If child responds, say, “Nowtry these others”, and run your finger from word to word acrossthe first five words at the top of the card. If the childmlsaes a word out, point to that word on the word-card and say,“Can you tell me thla one?” and record the response. Thencontxnue with the second and subsequent rows In the same way.

How to record responses on score sheet below

Put a tick in the box against each word the child readacorrectly.

Put a cross If read incorrectly or response 1s unlntelllglble orfor any other response, e.g. child says “Don’t know”.

Leave box blank If no response.

Where there 1s an Irregularity of speech“tee” for “tree”, or “fInk” for “think”,1s clearly an attempt to say the word In

When to Storl testln~

The child should continue the test untilconsecutive mistakes, or refuses to continue.

or artlculatlon, e.g.count aa correct If Itquestion.

he/she makea five

DO NOT GIVE THE CHILD ANY MORE HELP THAN THESE INSTRUCTIONS ALLOW

F1OO Reading Test score: correct responses

Test not given -3 7422 56.5Not storable -2 54 .4Total no. of ticks recorded 5659 43.1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

range 0-50

F101 Reading Test score: Incorrect reaPonse

Test not given -3 7422 56.5Not storable -2 54 .4Total no. of crosses recorded 5659 43.1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

range O-34

35

SECTION F: CHILD’S MEASUREMENTS

Give In Lnches and parts of Inches or In centimetree:(a) Hezght (without shoes)

F102 Child’s height (In ems)

Not given -3 243 1.9Height given 12892 98,1

------- _______

TOTAL 13135 100,0

range 84-130 cms

Give In inches and parts of Inches or In centlmetres:(b) Head circumference[measure around forehead and occiput recording maximumcircumference as accurately as posslblel

F103 Child’s head circumference (In ems)

Not given -3 291 2.2Head circumference given 12844 97.8

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

range 38-63 cms

36

SECTION G: TEST CONDITIONS

F104 Where were tests carried out?

Not stated -3 262 2.0Child’s own home 1 11575 88.1Other place 2 1254 9.5Home and elsewhere 3 44 .3

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

Question 2: How readily did the child respond to the testse

F105 Response to test: Copying Designs Test

Not stated -3 360 2.7Normal response 1 11444 87,1Slow response 2 1301 9.9Child refused 3 23 .2Test not given 4 ‘7 .1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F106 Response to test: Human Figure Drawing

Not stated -3 402 3.1Normal response 1 11355 86.4Slow response 2 1251 9.5Child refused 3 108 .8Test not given 4 19 .1

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F107 Response to test: E.P.V.T

Not stated -3 501 3.8Normal response 1 11890 90.5Slow response 2 594 4.5Child refused 3 20 .2Test not given 4 130 1.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

F108 Response to test: Profile Test

Not stated -3 417 3.2Normal response 1 10330 ‘ 78.6Slow response 2 2240 17.1Child refused 3 128 1.0Test not given 4 20 .2

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

37

F109 Response to test: Reading

Not stated -3Normal response 1Slow response 2Child refused 3Test not g~ven 4

TOTAL

Teat

1185 9.03283 25,01781 13.6384 2.9

6502 49.5---.--- -------

13135 100.0

Que6t10n 3: Were there any d~atractlons, Interruptions orother dlaturbancea when the child was beingtested?

F11O Dlstractlons during test

Not statedYes: remarks made aboutchild’s performanceYes: child was encouragedto respond1+2Yes: other children werenoisy or interrupted1+42+41+2+4Yes: other noise ordistraction eg. TV, radio1+82+81+2+84+81+4+82+4+81+2+4+8No : test conditionsreasonable1+162+161 + 2+ 164+181+4+162+4+161+2+4+168+162 + 8+ 161 + 2 +8 + 164+8+162 +4 + 8 + 161 + 2 + 4 + 8+ 16Other sltuatlon1+322+321+2+324+321 +4 + 32

-31

2

34

5678

910111213141516

17181920212223242627283031323334353637

346174

457

1491349

137220137205

304822

179294440

8659

411802451162

1021321

237255120727

2.61.3

3.5

1.110.3

1.01.71.01.6

.2

.4

.21.4.2.3.3

65.9

.31.4.2.4.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.0

1.8.2.4.2.5.1

38

F11O cont.)

2 +4 + 321 + 2 +4 + 328+321 + ~+ 322+8+321 + 2 +8+ 324 +8 + 321 +4 +8 + 322 +4 + 8 + 321 + 2 +4 + 8+ 3216 + 321 + 16 + 322 + 16 + 324 + 16 + 328 + 16 + 32

VALUE

383940414243444546474849505256

TOTAL

Fill Coder code

NO Test BookletNot known1st coder2nd coder3rd coder4th coder5th coder

-3-212345

TOTAL

F112 Age at testing In days

Not given -3Age given

TOTAL

FREQUENCY PERCENT

1010192147739

886611

-------

13135

699

3637586

41184595121

-------

13135

31712818

------.

.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.11:01:7.0.0.0.0

-------

100.0

5:1

27.74.5

31.435,0

.9-------

100.0

2.497.6

-------

13135 100.0

range 1788 - 2297

39

SECTION H: DERIVED VARIABLES

~ o

Purpose: To provide a total score based on a almple point systemof scoring human figure drawlnga given In D.B. Harris, 1963,Children’s Drawings as Meaaures of Intellectual Maturity, NewYork, Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.

Variables used: F021 to F050 for first human figure drawing(HFD(l )), F053 to F082 for second

The score foreach time the

drawing IHFD(2))

drawing No.1 1s compiled by addingfollowlng occur.

human figure

the value 1

F022-F034, F036-F046, F050 = 1,F021 = 1,2,4 or 5, F035 = 1,2 or 5, F04’7 = 1 or 2,Two points are added each time F021 = 3, F048 ❑ 1 or 2,Three points are added If F049 = 1 or 2.

The score for drawing No. 2 1s compiled by adding the value 1each time the followlng occur.

F054 - F066, F068 - F078, F082 = 1,F053 = 1,2,4 or 5, F067 = 1,2 or 5, F079 = 1 or 2,Two po~nts are added each time F053 = 3, F080 = 1 or 2,Three points are added If F081 = 1 or 2.

F113 HFD-1-score Harris scoring method

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2

1I 2

3456789

1011121314151617181920212223

TOTAL

212139221869

215341631971

12881519158116631372110483254531918511553211172

-------

13135

1.61.1.21:5

1.62.64.87.49.8

11.612.011.910.48.46.34.12.41.4.9.4.21:1.0

-------100.0

40

F114 HFD-2-score: Harris scor~ng method


1

:456789

1011121314151617181920212223

TOTAL

464107

92168

192353616993

1305146116211536133110568014983451769750191231

-------

13135

3.5.8.1.2.5

1.52.74.77.69.9

11.112.311.710.18.06.13.82.61.3.7.41

:1.0.0

-------

100.0

41

Purpose: To provide a total score baaed on a system of scoringsuggested by E.M. Koppltz, 1968, PsycbologlcalEvaluation of Children’s Human Figure Drawlnga, NewYork, Grure and Stratton.

Sueclficatl on: The dlstrlbutlona on the Indlvldual items of the.teat for both HFD(l) and HFD(2) were examined forthe 8,953 and 8,810 cases, respectively, whocompleted storable drawings wlthln a period of 32days. These conatltuted 71% of the sample whocompleted a drawing. Weights were aaalgned tovalues of Ltems depending on the frequency withwhich they appeared In the children’s drawings.

Items which appeared frequently in drawings were aa.s~gnednegative weights which were applled If children dld ~ producethem.

Items which appeared Infrequently In drawings were asalgnedposltlve weights which were applled If children d~d producethem.

These are the equivalent of the expected and unexpected Items asdescribed by Koppltz for this age group.

Table 1

Proportion of children Weightdraw~ng an item

Expected items ~90% <100% -2~lo% < 90% -1~30% < 70% o

Unexpected Items ~lo% { 30% +1~ o% < 10% +2

The actual weights aaslgned to the valuea of the Items comprisingthe test are given In Table 2.

42

Table 2

Scoring Human Figure Drawlnga ualng Koppltz method

Variable Value WeightsHFD(l) HFD(2)

F021F022F041F025F027F032F033F023F024F029F035F038F040F045F047F026F028F031F036F037F043F046F048F049F050

F053F054F073F057F059F064F065F055F056F061F067F070F072F077F079F058F060F063F068F069F075F078F080F081F082

o0000001

lt0311, 2, or 511

1

10r2111111110r210r21

-2-2-2-1-1-1-1

+1

+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2

All other values were given a weight of zero.10 was added to give all posltlve scores.Theoretical range: mlnlmum 1

❑ aximum 36

43

F115 HFD-1-score: Koppltz scoring method


23456789

10111213141516171819202122

21213925

;:115277419692

1609278725761881113363530215570359911

1.6l.l.2.1.3.9

2.13.25.3

12.221.219.614.38.64.82.31.2.5.3,1.1.0.0

------- -------

TOTAL 13135

F116 HFD-2-score” Koppltz scoring method


123456789

10111213141516171819202122

464107

2111246

113235416789

1593284825131768112954728514566308521

TOTAL

100.0

3.5.6.01:1.49

1:83.26.0

12.121.719.113.58.64.22.21.1.5.2.1.0.0.0

------

13135 100.0

44

Pum ose: To obtain raw score baaed on scoring method prescr~bedby M.A. Brlmer and L.M. Dunn, 1962, Manual for thePicture Vocabulary Test, Bristol, Education EvaluationEnterprises, pp 9, 10,

Speclflcatlon: The EPVT raw score la the number of correctresponses which occurred between and Including the baseItem and the celllng Item.

Thus raw score = VAR F086 - VAR F085 - VAR F08’7 + 1.

A raw score could not be computed for any of thefollowlng cases:

VAR F085 = -3 (F117 = -3) Child dld not attempt thetest, Includlng If the whole Test Booklet was notcompleted.

VAR F085 . -2 (F117 . -2) Teat not storable becausecompleted Incorrectly by Interviewer.

VAR F085 = O (F117 . O) No baae item. The vocabularylevel Of these children was below the lower l~mlt ofthe test.

VAR F086 = 90 (F117 . -2) Test was Incorrectly stoppedbefore the child reached a celllng Item. This waausually because the tester stopped testing after thechild had made five mistakes altogether Instead of fiveerrors in a run of eight Items.

VAR F086 . 91 (F117 = 60) Celllng Item not reached,I.e. child continued to last Item without making fiveerrors In a run of eight Items.

45

F117 EPVT Raw score

Test not attempted -3Not storable -2No base Item o

56789

1011121314151617

No celllng Item

181920212223242526~?

28293031323334353637363940414243.44454647.4849505160

257643642120304355607659

107918086

1131281431151561831591971722222742723213993754014173914004064354584954424994543783223001961508852303

1897..-----

TOTAL 13135

2.04.9.5.2.2.2.3.4.5.6.4.87

:67

:91.01.1.9

1.21.41.21.51.31.72.12.12.43.02.93.13.23.03.03.13.33$53.83.43.83.52.92.52.31.51.1.74:2.0

14.4------

100.0

. .

46

Pr file Teet Sco or%

PurD ose: To obtain lndlcator of spatial-constructive developmentaa suggested by Alex F. Kalverboer, Departmental Neurology,Unlverslty Hospital, Gronlngen, The Netherlands.

SDeclfl ncatlo : fiesence of feature

Variable Code Descrlptlon Weight

F090 2 Two eyes drawn 11 One eye drawn 2

F091 2 Two ears drawn 11 One ear drawn 2

F092 1 Nose drawn wlth~nprofile 1

2 Nostril added toprofile 2

No nose features drawnbut single eve or eardrawn lmplylng thatnose In profile Iscomplete and noaddltlons necessarv 2

F093 1

‘2

Addltlonal mouth drawnwlthln profile 1

Teeth or other drawinglndlcatlng recognitionof mouth In profile 2

No mouth drawn butsingle eye or eardrawn Implylng thatmouth In profile 1scomplete and noaddltlon necessary 2

F094 1 Hair lndlcated 1

Spatial posltlon and shape

F095 1 S~ngle eye drawn closeto correct posltlon 1

2 Single eye drawn Incorrect posltlon 2

47

F118 Profile Test score

Test not attempted -30123456789

10111213141516

TOTAL

68411

76012721883953483256409

12871553955713548878462244

------- -

13135

5.21

5:89.7

14.37.33.71.93.19.8

11.87.35.44.26.73.5.2.0

,------

100.0

48

B scorQ

PurD ose: To obtain Index of visual-motor co-ordination.

Variable s used: VAR FO04 to VAR F019.

SDeclficatlon : As not all children completed two drawings of eachdesign, a weight of one was given lf at leaat onegood copy was made of a given design.

Theoretical range: Maximum score = OMlnlmum score = 8

If no attempt was made at copying any design,F119 = -3.

A score of zero was obtained If a child attemptedto copy one or more designs which were Judged tobe poor copies.

F119 Copying Designs score

Test not attempted -3 1070 781 3752 13573 22674 2143

.8

.62.90.37.36.3

5 2100 16.06 1743 13.3‘1 1561 11.98 1404 10.7

------- -------

TOTAL 13135 100.0

’49

References

Brlmer, H.A. and Dunn, Lloyd M. 1962.Engllsh Picture Vocabulary Test. Bristol: EducationEvaluation Enterprises,

Davle, R. , Butler, N.R. and Goldsteln. 1972.From Birth to Seven. A report of the National ChildDevelopment Study. London: Longman.

Goodenough, Florence. 1926.Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings. New York.Harcourt, Brace and World.

Harris, Dale B. 1963.Children’s Drawings as Measures of Intellectual Maturity.New York. Harcourt, Brace and World Inc.

Kalverboer, A.F. 1972.A profile test for the spaclal-constructive development.Llsse: Swltz and Zeltllnger.

Koppltz, El~zabeth M. 1968.Psychological evaluation of Children’s Human FigureDrawings. New York, Grune and Stratton.

Rutter, hi., Tlzard, J. and Whltmore, Ii. 1970.Education, Health and Behavlour. London, Longman.

Scott , Linda Howard. 1981.Measuring intelligence with the Goodenough-Harris drawingtest. Psychological BulletIn, 89, 3, 483-505.

Child Health and Education in the Seventies

A nationalstudy m England,Wales and Scotlandof allchildrenborn 5th-1 lth April1970

Un&r the auspices of the Unwers,ty of Brmtol Department of Ch!ld Hmlth Research Umtand the Natmnal Birthday Trust Fund Umvemty of Brmtol

Bristol BS2 BBH

Oiroctor ProfmsorNwIlleR cut!.,,MD.FRCP,DCH Tel Br,stol 27745122041

He.lth O,str,ct Cod.

1

Full Name of tha Chdd

Address

TEST BOOKLET

Ch#l#s Local Send Numbw

[111

CONFIDENTIAL

\

Gmld’s Csntral Suwev Number

UIIIIl

S*X

Date of birth APrd 1970

Introduction

To complete the tests m th,s booklet the follow,ng are needed

A pencil for the ch!ld’s useThe Engl lsh P!cture Vocabulary Test %r!es of PlatesWord card for Reading TestA tape measure

Tests and measurenwnts to be completed

A Copwng Dewgns TestB Human F,gure Draw,ng [Draw&Man Test)C Engl,sh Picture Vocabulary Test (Survey VermonlD Profde TestE Reading TestF Measurements of chdd’s height and head circumference

Plaase read the mstruct!ons for tach to!t sarefully baforc go!rq to Uta mtatwew

It !s useful to try out the tests w,th another ch,ld to fare, I,mse yourself wnh the procedures beforehand

The tests can eawly be done m the child’s own home and K m recommended that rhey are done In the order givenThey need not k adml mstered m one continuous sess!on, for ●xample, the Human Fl~re Drawing and CopyingDesigns Test could be done try the chdd before the mtetwlew with the mother u m a break dmng K ●nd theother tests afterwards

Put the ch,ld at hldher ease m the usual way btfora starting any test Wh,le vw WIII obvmudy show the ch,ldthat vou are interested an hlslher response In general, be very careful not to mfluerwe hdher responses m anyway

If a chdd refuses any test, goon wtth the others and return to anv refused later 50

A Copying Designs Test

1 &k the ch,ld to copy the destgns on the next w pages as carefully as poss!ble

2 Fold the book back so that the child can see only one page at a ume

3 Point to each design m turn and say ““see!f YOUcan make one just Ilke thin-here” and point to the sp=ebemde the damgn

4 Two attempts should be made at each des!gn


51

x

wN

EEl

A

53

—— — . .... --— —

1

2

3

4

5

6

B Human Ft~re Drawwq (Drawa-Man Teat)

Ask the chdd tO “’make a picture of a man or lady” on the Pa9e OPPOslte this One TermS such as

“daddy”, “mummy”, ‘“boy”, “g!d”, etc may be used m place of ‘“man” or “lady” If the child responds

better to these

Aak hlmlher to make the best picture helshe can and to draw a whole fmrson, not lust a face or head

When thechlld stops draw, ng ask If !t IS fln,shed and allow htmlher tomakeany addltdons helshe wants

to Becareful, however, not tosurnestaddlt!om

When the drawlngmf!nmhed, askthech,ld what n IS and note what helshe says at the bottom of thepay ;

Then ask the chnld to make another p!cture on the next page of a person theoppos!te sex to the firstNote what the child says+t M at the bottom

If at tisnotclear, askthech,ld tosaywhat thevar!ous parts of thedrawlngs areand label them Dothlsbyasking, ‘“What’s th!s?” and polnung btdonot askquestmns such 8s”’Where’s hlsarm~, legs~, eyes?’’etc

DO NOT GIVE THE CHILO ANY MORE HELP THAN THESE INSTRUCTIONS ALLOW

54

This IS a picture of

55

lhs is a pwture of

c English PIcturs Vocabulary Test

(Survey Verwonl

Tho Test

Each page of the “Engllsh Picture Vocabulary Test Series of Plates” (E P V T booklet) contains four d(fferentpictures numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, one of wh!ch M a picture of a test word to be found on the $&we sheet for thustestThe object of the test IS for the ch!ld to !dentlfy the pictures, wh,ch correspond to the test words The test wordstecome harder as the test progresses Do not attempt the test with non Engluh.speakmg chddren

Introducing tha Test

1 Show the ch,ld the fwst page (P) of p,ctures m the E P V T tmoklet and read the mstruct,ons oppositepage P keep!ng as close as possible to natural s~ech The child should pmnt to the picture correspondingto the test ward “ball”

2 If the ch!ld po!nts to a different (, e incorrect) p,cture, ask hlm fher aga,n to fmd the ptcture of “ball” Ifa wrong picture IS aga, n picked out, go c+er the procecbre again until the ch)ld understands what to doIwt do not show h!mlher the right answer

3 If the child M shy or phymcally handicapped and refuses or M unable to point, you should po!nt to eachpicture m turn yourself, ask,ng, “IS It this one?” and establish a signal, e g nodding, for the child to selecta pvcture Be careful not to pause longer over the right p!cture than a’er the others, or the ch!ld wtll Wess

Pract!co Words

The next three pages in the E P V T booklet (A, B and C) are for Practlcmg the test. Usln9 tie prOcedureestablmhed In mtroducmg the test, make suie the child understands what to do by gang through these m thesame way using the test words spoon, cha!r and car, as shown on the score sheet

.

If the chdd perwsts m pmntlng to the p!cture In the same pmttmn on each page, e g always prcture 1, go over thepractice words again, saying, ‘“Which IS the picture of –?” polntlng to each of the pnctureson the paw untd thechild understands

Things to avoid when doing tha Test

1 Do not say anything other than the test word for each page gwen on the score sheet

2 Do not gwe alternatwe words ,. place of the test words, e g hen m place of chtcken, even (f you thtnkthm M the word the chdd normally uses

3 Do not use ‘“a”, “an” or “the” with the words and do not use plurals unless thl$ M gwen on the scoresheet (e g 24, twezers but 27, binocular)

4 Do not gwe clues or tell the ch!ld If he/she (s right or wrong If chdd ask$ dlrec:l y about thw, say, “Youare gett!ng on fine” or something Ilke th!s

5?

Cotukxtmg th Test

After the fmt four pages descnhd ah-we, the child should understand what to do and b.! gwen no more helpwhatsoever The follow! ng procedure should then be adhered to clmely

1 Show a paw and say the single test word printed on the score sheet for that Page.e u ‘drum’ Do not sayanything else but ‘drum’ for the first page, ‘tmm’ for the second page, and so on The test word for eachpqJC may, however, be gwen more than once and, If there IS a different local pronunclatmn, this can be

used as ’41 as fhe standard vers,on

2 If the chl Id points to the correct picture put the number of that picture In the left-hand box by the testword on the score sheet

3 If the child ponnts to the wrong picture put the number of the p,cture chosen Iw the child In the

rqht hand box by the test word on the score sheet

4 If the chdd says hi does not know the answer encourage hlmlher by ask!ng, “’Which do YOUthink fits theword best?” If helshe stall refuses to p,ck a ptcture, draw a hne through both boxes for that word on thescore sheet and continue w!th the test Such refusals count as errors for the purpose of thm test

5 Continue w[th the subsequent pages of ptctures m the same way

6 After page 27, turn the book around to cormnue page 28 onward

Whwt to stop Tmtmg

Stop test, ng when the child makes fwe consecutwe ~ - m This w!II be when there are fwe consecutwe entrnes mthe right hand column

Mow ,s an example of a test wh!ch was stopped at word 30

15 ❑ ❑ goat 29 ❑ ❑ barber

16 ❑ ❑ peeping 30 ❑ lZl wasp

17 ~ •l temperature 31 ❑ •l yawmng

18 Cl GI stgnal 32 ~ ❑ captain

19 ❑ •l river 33 ~ ❑ trunk

20 a ❑ badge 34 ❑ ❑ argument

21 ❑ ❑ hook 35 m ❑ Coin22 ❑ ❑ whale 36 U ❑ hwe

23 n ❑ acrobat 37 ❑ U chemnst

24 ❑ ❑ tweezers 38 ❑ ❑ funnel

25 ~ ❑ submarine 39 •l ❑ ,nsect

26 0 ❑ balanc!ng 40 ❑ n cutlery

27 ~b,nocular 41 ❑ ❑ shears

28 ❑ •l ornament 42 ❑ ❑ exhausted

Afw tha Tmt

If the ch!ld has Persgsteddur!ng the mst m polntlng to the same pocture pomtlon on each page, mdncate th!s byanswenng the sqmraie question about this at the bottom of the score Sneet

58

Introductory wrd (PagPP)

Pract,ce words (Pages A, B &C)

En$mh Picture Vocabulary Test Score Shaet

(Suwey Verwon )

Test words (Pages 1 to 56)

1 ❑ ❑ drum 16 ❑ ngoat

2 ❑ •l time 16 ❑ ❑ peeping

3 ❑ •l fence 17 ❑ ❑ temperature

4 ❑ ❑ $kmg 18 •l ❑ ugnal

5 ❑ ❑ chicken 19 ❑ ❑ rwer

6 ❑ ❑ cllmb!ng 20 ❑ ❑ badge7 ❑ •l leaf 21 ❑ ❑ hook

8 ❑ ❑ dlgg,ng 22 ❑ ❑ whale

9 ❑ ❑ teacher 23 ❑ ❑ acrobat

10 ❑ •l sewing

11 ❑ IZl nest12 •l •l arrow

13 ❑ ❑ parachute

14 ❑ ❑ cobweb

24 ❑ ❑ tweezers

25 ❑ ❑ submarine26 a ❑ balanclng

27 ❑ ❑ binocular

28 ❑ ❑ ornament

Dld the child permst drmg the test In POImmgto the mm-s p!cture posmon on each page?

P ❑ ❑ ball

A ❑ ❑ spoon

B ❑ ❑ chmr

C ❑ Ucar

29 ❑ a barber

30 ❑ IClwasp31 ❑ Clyawnlng

32 ❑ IClcaptaln

33 ❑ Cl trunk

34 ❑ ❑ argument

35 ❑ L’Zco,n36 ❑ oh!ve37 ❑ Ochemm

38 ❑ ❑ funnel

39 ❑ Cl,nsect40 lZCl cutlery

41 ❑ ushears42 ❑ n exhausted

YesNo

43 ❑ nsole

44 ❑ nwalrus

45 ❑ n weapon

46 •nsent~47 ❑ awa,lmg

48 ❑ nglobe49 ❑ uvalve

60 ❑ IUplumage51 ❑ nasmtance

62 ❑ Cl carpenter

53 ❑ Odestructlon54 ❑ IClsplre

55 ❑ nreel

56 ❑ Jncoast

PI,*”r,ng

1,

2

Themstructmns andmethod ofxor)nilforth!s msthave hnproducnd sarewltoftr)als andamnotex=tly

m&scrtbdby M A. Brtmerand Lloyd M Dunn

59

D Profile Test

1 The object of this test M for the child to complete the profile drawn on the page oppcmte

2 Make sure that the ch,ld understands what the draw,ng M by lntroduc!ng It In the following way andanswer the quest!on at the foot of this page “

(a) Po,nt to the profile and say,

“Whstdoyou thmkth!sm7° Thech,ld should show that he/she understands what lt!sbyreply!ng“ahead”, “af ace”, ““amen’’, etc

If thech!ld does notshow that he/she understands what #tls, ask,

(b) “’Can YOU sea whst thn !s?’’and follow w!th your flngertheleftslde of theoutlmeof theprofalefrom forehead to thech, n

If profde mstdl not recogmsed, say,

(c) “Look, th8slsa face, lsn't!t>'' andtrace around theleft stdeofthe pro fllewlth your ftingerasbfore

3 As soon as the ch,ld reccqmses what the drawing ,s, or you have explmned !t, say. “DO you think you couldfmtsh It for ma? Drmw wwvthIng that u mmmg m It”

4 When thech!ld stops draw, ng, ask If It mf, nmhed and allow hlmtherto make any addmomhelshewantsto Be careful, however, not to suggest add, tmns If at !s not clear, ask the child to say what the varmusparts of the draw, ng are and label them, ear, eye, mouth, etc Do thu by asking, “What’s thns>”, andpomtmg


“At what stage m,ntroducsng theprof!ledld thechlld $howhelshe reccgnuedwhat thedrawing 1s7

stage (a)

stage (b)stage (c)

PI*U.ring1

2

3

Z% Proftle Test m bmnuused wtth thepernvsttonof theauthor Alex F Kalverbrnr, DqartmentofD#elOp- 60menml Newolow, Unwmww Hoswtal, Gronirwn, The Nethwlarrds, ●nd the pubhshers SWIQ ●ndZmtfmbw,Heerewg374B, Liw, The Nerherlandx

I

61

E Reading Teat

Ask the mother If she thanks the child has bagun to read at all

No chlldcan read nothing orhasnottr,edYes chlldcan read -some letters

– some words– simple sentences

Cannot say ,f chtld can readO1her reply, give deta!k

1

23

4

56

If no, or the child reads letters only, omit reading test

Admlnmtmmg the raadlng tast

If motherwws the chgldcan read some words or sentences, show the word-c.ard tothech!ld and asklfhelshewould read outasmany of thewords ashelshe can Point totheflrst word andsav, “Seelf youcansaythgs one”If chdd responds, say, “Now zrythese orders'', andrunyour flngerfrom word towordacross tie flrstfgve wordsat the top of the card Ifthechlld mlssesa word out, point tothatword ontheword card andsay,’’Can you tellmethnsone?’’ andrecord the response Then continue with thesecond andwbsequent rows unthe same way

How to record re$ponsef on ncore sheet below

Putattck ❑ mthebox agamsteach word thech,ld reads correctly

Put across ❑ If read incorrectly or response lsunmtelllgnble or foranyother response, eg ch81dsays’’Don’t

know”

Leave box blank If no response

Where there K an wregular,ty of speech or art!culatmn, eg “tee’’for’’tree”, or “f!nk” for’’th!nk’’, count ascorrect If ltlsclearly anattempt to say thewordmquestmn

Whmr tostop Tasting

The child should continue the test until helshe makes fwa consacutlve mmtakm, or refuses to cormnue


Reading Tast Score Sheet

❑ tree ❑ lmle ❑ milk ❑ a99

❑ schml

❑ lbook

❑ slt ❑ lfrog ❑ lplaymg ❑ b.n

OflOwer ❑ reed ❑ clock ❑ tram ❑ hght

❑ lp,cture ❑ th,nk ❑ summer ❑ lpeople ❑ somethmg

❑ dream ❑ downstairs ❑ bmcu,t

❑ 1.rOwd

❑ shepherd ntlwrsty

❑ sandw,ch ❑ begmnmg Clpomage ❑ tsland

❑ haucer Oangd ❑ lcellmg ❑ appeared ❑ gnome

❑ lcanary ❑ attractwe ❑ ,magtne ❑ nephew Rgradually

❑ smcmdder ❑ appla.d ❑ d!spo$al ❑ nourished

❑ lunwersRy

❑ dmeased

❑ rchestra ❑ knowledge ❑ audnence ❑ lsmuatad

Thematwrrds from tie Schonel/ReMlng Tmtamreproduc&by pwmlS!on oftiepubl/tim, OlwrM80yd,Edmlxwti The mslructmns andmnthod of xori~ for thu tasram not exactiy ●s &xr!bad bv the author

F Schoneil

62

F. Child’s Measurements

Gwe m inches and parts of inches or In centlmetres

1

2

(a) Heqfm (without shoes) Inches

cm%

(b) Head circumference mche$

cms

Measure around forehead and occ!~ut recording maxtmumcircumference as accurate)v as poss!ble

Test Condltlons

Where were tests earned out?Child’s own home

Olher place, speclfy

How readily dld the child respond to the tests?

1

2

if chfld was not asked to my a test, rmg the 4 agatnst the relevant test(s) and explain why●ny test was notgwen

I Normal Slow response Ch,ld Test not

response (e g Shy)If not tested, give reason

refused gwen ICopying DesignsTest I 1 2 3 4 IHuman FigureDrawl”g 1(Draw. irManl

2’ 3 4

Engfssh P(ctureVocabulary Test 1(Survey Vers,on)

2 3 4

Profde Test I 1 2 3 4 IRead)ng Test 1 2 3 4

3 Were there any dlstractlons, InterruptIons or other disturbances when the child was being tested?

Rmg.!1 CM .@P/k’Ye,-

rmm.rks made about ch,lds pm forma.ce 1

ch!ld was enco.ragd to rmpond 2

other chddra. were now or ,nlerrupled 3

other .0,= or d!str=l!on 80 T V Iradm on 4

No, castcondmons r~amnabla 5

Orher struacmn plmsa daxrim e

4 Date of testing

5 Name of mtervlewer

6 Area Health Author, ty/Health Board

7 Dtstrtct

63

Documents

THE 1970 BIRTH COHORT - cls.ucl.ac.uk · information was passed to the community nursing aervlce of the AHA In wh~ch the FPC was located, and the local health vlsltors personally