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Thailand’s Science Technology and Innovation Policy
Pichet DurongkaverojSecretary General
National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office, Thailand
Thailand at a glance
• An upper middle income and 2nd largest economy in ASEAN after Indonesia
• Total population of 69.5 million in 2012
• World’s Top 3 rice exporter
• World’s Top 5 sugar exporter
• World’s largest natural rubber producer and exporter
• World’s top chicken meat exporter
• World’s 2nd largest hard-disk drive exporter after China
• Auto manufacturing hub of Southeast Asia
Agriculture 8%
Industry 45%
Services47%
GDP (2012): US$ 366 billion
Competitiveness ranking:
• 18th (from 185) in Ease of Doing Business 2013
• 38th (from 144) in Global Competitiveness Report 2012 - 2013 by World Economic Forum
• 30th (from 59) in IMD World Competitiveness Rankings 2012
2
Notes :2012 Statistics1.There were 0.3% of the enterprises whose information on size was unavailable.2.GDP of agricultural sector was included.3.There were 2.2% of the export transactions whose information on the exporters’ size was unavailable.4.1 USD = 31 Baht5. LEs were included their diversification enterprises (12% GDP)
Employment(Persons)
Total
2,875,495(10.80%)
No. of Enterprises(Enterprises)
4,614 (0.06%)
2,848,256 (35.83%)
3,432,006.16 (65.04%)
1,844,433.36(34.96%)
GDP(Million Baht)
5,502,676 (55.75%)
3,503,340 (35.50%)
Exports(Million Baht)
5,276,439.529,869,498 26,635,183 7,950,410
Thailand Economic Profile
5,097,540 (64.12%)
9,129,747 (34.28%)
14,629,941(54.93%)
863,482.05 (8.75%)
LES
SMEsMicro
Agriculture
3
Policy & Institutional Framework
Thailand’s Strategy 2013 New Growth Model
Improving internal process
Getting out of the middle-income
trap
Increasing Environ-mental
friendliness
Reducing social
disparity
Economic Growth & Competitiveness
Green Growth
Inclusive Growth
Better governance and public management
Human security, human development and quality of
life
Improved infrastructure, R&D,
and productivity
Streamlined Rules &
Regulations5Source: National Economic and Social Development Board, Thailand
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10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000Wealth Distribution by Province
National Average excluding Bangkok= 12,045 baht
GDP per Capita (1000 baht/head/month)
20 provinces are above national
average
56 provinces are below national
average
Demand –based Policy Making for Inclusiveness
Source: The Government House
Kampangpet Province
6
Benchmarking for Strategic AlignmentKampangpet Province
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0%20%40%60%80%
100%120%140%160%180%200%
National Average(excluding Bangkok)=100%
Growth & Competitiveness Inclusive Growth
Green GrowthGovernment Efficiency
Source: The Government House 7
Thailand’s Strategy 2013 Strategic Issues
1. Agriculture2. Industry3. Tourism and services4. Infrastructure 5. Energy6. Regional integration7. Competitiveness
1. Education2. Public health3. Social welfare for all4. Promotion of
community enterprises and SMEs
5. Labor protection 6. Social justice 7. Anti-corruption
measures
1. Eco-industry towns2. Reduction of GHG
emission3. Environmental fiscal
policy4. Rehabilitation of
natural resources and water resource management
5. Climate change adaptation and mitigation
1. Legal reform2. Civil service
restructuring 3. Public-sector HRD4. Tax restructuring5. Budgeting reform6. Government asset
utilization 7. Peace & security in
the southern border provinces
8. Political reform
ECONOMIC GROWTH &
COMPETITIVENESS
INCLUSIVE GROWTH
GREEN GROWTH
INTERNAL PROCESS
8. Research & Development8.1 Raise R&D expenditure to 1% of GDP8.2 Promote talent mobility and S&T human resource development8.3 Development of regional science parksSource: National Economic and Social Development Board, Thailand 8
National Science, Technologyand Innovation Policy Committee
Minister of Agriculture
and Cooperative
s
Ministerof
Commerce
Members of the Committee
Minister of Information & Communicati
on Technology
Minister of
Education
Minister of Public Health
Chairman,National Research Council Executive
Board
11 independent experts
Secretary(Permanent Secretary for Science and Technology)
Assistant Secretary
(Secretary-General of STI)
Minister of Science and Technology
Minister of
Industry
Chair
Vice-Chair
Prime Minister
9
10
Agencies under Ministry of Science and Technology
Office of the Minister
National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)
National Synchrotron Research Center (NSRC)
Ministry ofScience and Technology
Department of Science Service (DSS)
Office of thePermanent Secretary
Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)
Office of Atoms
for Peace (OAP)
National Science Museum (NSM)
National Institute Of MetrologyThailand (NIMT)
Geo-Informatics andSpace Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)
National Innovation Agency (NIA)
National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT)
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology(TINT)
National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office (STI)
Hydro and AgroInformatics Institute (HAII)
Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences (TCELS)
The National Science Technology and Innovation Policy and Plan 2012 - 2021
• Provide national direction for the next 10 years with periodic adjustments
• Identify Focuses and Balance between Economic and Social Development and Context for Thailand
• Preparedness for Future Changes that will have major impacts to Thai Society
• Plan derived from Intensive and Widespread Public & Stakeholders Participatory Process with Implementation Strategies Incorporated
• First Time “INNOVATION” is systematically introduced• Address STI for development and development of STI
Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office, Thailand
STI
Regionalism(ASEAN+)
Green Innovation
Energy & Environment
Demographic & Social Changes
QualitySociety
Sustainable Economy
Competition & Economic Integration
Ageing Society Decentralization
Energy Security
Climate Change
Natural Resource Management
Technological Changes
Creativity Platform
Eco Production& Services
Social & Cultural Mobilization
11
The National Science Technology and Innovation Policy and Plan 2012 - 2021
Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office, Thailand
5 Strategic Action Agenda
2.Enhancing Economic
Competitiveness and Flexibility
1.Empowering Society and Local
Communities
5.Promoting and Supporting the Development of STI Infrastructure and Enabling Factors
4.Developing and Enhancing STI Human Capital
3.Ensuring Energy, Resource and
Environment Security
Green Innovation for Quality Society and
Sustainable Economic Growth
Rice and Rice
Products Bio-based
Energy
Rubber and
Rubber Products
Processed Food
Electrical and
Electronics
Automotive & Parts
Plastics & Petro -
chemicals
Fashion (Textiles,
Jewelry,
Leather)
Value-added
Tourism
Logistics and Rails
Construc-tions and Related Services
Creative &Digital Contents
Sustainable Economy
12 Target Economic Sectors
Quality Society
12
2012
R&D /GDP = 0.24 %
R&D Personnel (FTE)
9.01 : 10,000
R&D expenditure(Private :
Government)38 : 62
2021: 2%2016: 1%
(2021) 25:10,000
(2016) 15:10,000
2016-202170:30
STI Investment Targets
Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office
Thailand Status in 2012R&D Exp = 21,493 MBR&D Exp : Gov : Private =13,318:8,175 MBR&D Personnel = 57,220 (man-year)
13
Top 10 Private Sector R&D Investment, 2013
Chemical3,630 mil baht
Others1,862 mil baht
Textile423 mil baht
Transport and Logistics
449 mil baht
Electronics722 mil
bahtMinerals794 mil
bahtAuto
920 mil baht
Electricity, Gas and Water Services
970 mil bahtRubber and
Plastic1,125 mil baht Machinery
1,361 mil baht
Petroleum1,553 mil baht
Food 2,375 mil baht
Source: R&D Survey, National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office, 2013
14
PrivateR&D Centers
PrivateInnovation Districts
Regional Science and Technology Parks
Systems
Physical/Institutional Infrastructures
Strategic Sectors
R&DTax
Deduction
Young Ph.D. Reverse
InternshipIncome
ContingentLoan
Researcher’s Income TaxExemption
IndustrialM.Sc./Ph.D.
Infra-structureSystem
ManpowerSystem
ResearchSystem
Mechanisms/Measures/Schemes
Key Measures to Promote Innovation
Climate Change
and Water
Fiscal/FinancialSystem
THAIST
MatchingGrants/Equity
Financing
Gov’tProcurement
/Mega-Projects
RailSystem
Hi-Value-Added
IndustriesEnergy Food
Agriculture
Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office
IP andTechnology
TransferSystem
Phase II: accelerating industry competitiveness through S&T (end of 2013 onwards)•Prioritized on 2 Innovation Clusters: Food and Automotive Parts,•Approx. 5,000 public & private personnels,•Est. 200 tenant companies. Phase III: inducing knowledge-based economy in the surrounding area.
Thailand Science Park :Accelerating Innovation
3 Development Phases:Phase I: creating critical mass on R&D activities and S&T services (2002-2013)•Over 3,000 public & private personnels, •Approx. 9% of Thailand R&D spending,•60+ tenant companies, 1/3 are internationals.
Innovation Cluster2 (INC2)
16
Thailand Science Parks Network
Thailand Science Park Headquarter of NSTDA and
4 National Researcher CentersNorthern Science Park:
(1) Chiang Mai University (2) Maejo University(3) Naresuan University(4) Mae Fah Luang University
North Eastern Science Park: (1) Khon Kaen University (2) Suranaree University of
Technology (3) Maha Sarakham University
(4) Ubon Ratchathani University
Southern Science Park:(1) Prince of Songkla University(2) Walailak University
Eastern Science Park (in the-set-up)(1) GISTDA (2) Burapha University
Northern 1. Agriculture & Food Processing2. IT Software & Digital Content3. Medical / Health Science/Biotechnology
North Eastern1. Agriculture &
Food Processing2. Hard disk drive,
Enterprise software, Embedded software
3. Mining Industries and Alternative Energy
Southern1. Food/Agriculture2. Proactive Medicine -Herb, Cosmetic
Thailand Science Park1. Auto Parts2. Organic Printed
Electronics3. Food & Feed 4. Nano-cosmeceutical
17
18
Little Scientist House (HRH Sirindhorn Foundation, OBEC, NSTDA, IPST., NSM.,
Nanmee)
EBL (IPST)
Brain-based
Learning
(OKMD)
EBL (IPST)
Science Classroom (OBEC/IPST/MOST
/POSN)
Olympiad (OBEC, IPST., POSN.)
DPST (IPST)
Chulabhorn
MWIT
SBTS (OVEC)
WiL
WiL (OHEC, STI,
KMUTNB, KMUTT, OVEC)
RGI., RRI. (TRF)
PSMT (IPST)
ODOS (MoE)
JSTP (NSTDA)
Coaching
(TYSA)THAIST (STI)
TGIST (NSTDA)
Co-STRD
(MOST)
KNIT
- STOU- NFE - On the job training- Promotion tie in with mastery- Commercial Package Training- Employer Approval
Talent Mobility (STI)
Training
(OKMD)Graduate Program
(TISTR+Uni)
Science Scholars (MOST, OHEC)
UBI (OHEC
)Children’s University
(NSTDA)
SCiUS (MOST)
STEM Education
Kindergarten
G1-G6 G7-G9G10-G12/Voc. Cert.
High Voc. Cert./
Undergrad
Graduate Studies Labour Retiremen
t
YSTP (NSTDA)
Learning Method Enrichment/Mentoring
Specialty Schools
Class in School Scholarship Programme
Enabling System Formal Education/OthersLife-long Learning/Training
Gifted Classroom (IPST)
S&M Talent (IPST)
Technology Curriculum (IPST) Technology Teacher Curriculum (IPST)
Childhood SMT (IPST)
STI HR Development Programmes
18
To facilitate the mobility of researchers in governmental agencies and higher education institutions to industrial sector.
Talent Mobility Programme
19
Government
IndustryUniversity/
Research Institution
Industry reimburses university*
Tax incentives• BOI STI-tax• MoL 200% corp. tax• RD 200% corp. tax
Talent Mobility Committee• Project certification• Promotion/support
STI Office coordinating roles:
• Demand-Supply database keeping
• Pushing for enabling regulations
• Matching events
The Cabinet approved talent mobility to be a key performance indicator of universities and research institutions
Regulation reforms needed to encourage mobility• Continuing tenure • Academic promotion
1
24 3
* SMEs are exempt from reimbursement through MOST subsidy
Funding Agency
University
Research Institute
Private Company
TTOin university or
research institute
Private Firm (old and new)
TAX Revenue
Market Financial Support for translational research
Proof of
concept
Prototype
Pilot Production
Mass production
Government Fund
New products, New services, New jobs,New companies
Con
ven
tion
al f
und
ing
for
basi
c an
d ap
plie
d r
esea
rch
IP Creation, Registration and Licensing
Royalty income
Very risky and costlyNeed supports and tools such as incubation,
grants, matching grants, soft loan, loan
Write-off mechanism for funding agencies
IP o
wn
ers
hip
1
3.1
4
3.2
2
20
Development of Innovation System through IP Management
Development of Innovation System through IP Management
Policy Measure1. Clear Policy on Gov. funded IP Ownership
Funding recipient, who proves to have TT capability, is entitled to retain IP ownership of the government sponsored research results .
2. Reform of IP Registration System
Department of Intellectual Property (DIP) is entitled to retain IP registration fees as well as to have greater management flexibilities to overcome its backlogs and improve the overall registration system
3. Financial and tax incentive to promote IP Commercialization
3.1 Financial support for SMEs in the form of grant or matching funds for scaling up of R&D commercialization (From Lab to Market)
3.2 Tax benefit for the company’s expense on royalty fees paid for University’s IP licenses.
4. Strengthening TT organizations and professionals
• Setting up a TTO Consortium and giving them enough resources to build technology transfer capabilities for TTO personnel
21
Different Dimensions of Innovation in Thailand
• Education• Community Development • Healthcare System
Dragon Bridge
• 3 main focuses: Education, Development, and Social Enterprise.• Tuition fee is paid by doing
good deeds to the communities 400 hours and planting 400 trees• Students are parts of all
committees: procurement, school management, teacher selection & evaluation, etc.• School is off during rice
growing season to help the family• Students learn IT/computer at
school and teach others. • Collaborating with people in
the community in establishing co-business.
Source: Meechai Viravaidya Foundation
Mechai Pattana SchoolLifelong Education & Development Center for all
Education
Bamboo Dome Buffalo Gate
23
• SBTS is national vocational schools for gifted and talented students who have developed skills in invention and technology.
• Project-Based approach
• The aim is to develop students to become the technologist or innovator in the future.
Science-based Technology Schools: SBTS
Education
Suranaree Technical College, (Science Based Industrial Technology)
Phang-nga Technical College, (Innovation in Tourism)
Lamphun College of Agricuture and Technology, (Agricultural Biotechnology)
Singburi Vocational College,(Food Technology) Science Based
Technology Vocational College (Chonburi), (Science Based Industrial Technology)
Source: National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office 2
4
• A nationwide sustainable development initiative launched by the Thai government in 2001.
• It aims to promote the unique products made by local communities, by utilizing their indigenous skills and craftsmanship combined with available natural resources and raw materials.
One Tambon One Product: OTOP
Community Development
Source: Community Development Department , Ministry of Interior 25
Industrial Technology Assistance Program: iTAP
Investigate technological
problem
Matching supply of & demand for
technology
Technological consultancy service
Joint R&D
S&T Acquisition Program(Local & Overseas)
Training/Workshop
Attach local expert to overseas expert, help technology transfer
to firms and universities
Funding subsidies
50:50
• More than 3,000 technology development& innovation projects since 2006
• 10 regional nodes linking with local universities and science parks with 50 project managers
26
Source: iTAP, NSTDA
Community Development
• Initiated by the Ministry of Science and Technology
• More than 200 communities/villages across the countries
• R&D and Technology Transfer Program for Community & Local Development
Innovative Communities and Science Villages
Community Development
Source: Ministry of Science and Technology
27
Source: R&D and Technology Transfer Cluster for Local Community Development and Underprivileged, NSTDA
Objective: To promote and support the reinforcement of scientific and technological skills especially information technology skills of instructors and secondary students
Role: 1) Develop HR 2) Create Jobs 3) Promote Collaboration
Examples of Activities:
Mae Hong Son IT Valley
Organization: University - KMUTT Research Institute – NSTDA (BIOTEC NECTEC)
e-Learning System
WIMAX
Thai-Japan
Install WiMAX (wireless communications) in order to promote long distance learning
Learn Square is Opensource e-learning Management System
Organize training workshops on Learning Media for teachers.
On-line Program for Cultural Exchange between Thailand and Japan
28
• Strawberry - $10,000 / year / 10 people• Tomato - $333 / year• Macademia - $5,000 / year
Organization•2nd Army•NSTDA•KMUTT•KKU•NU•Etc.
Agriculture and Food @ Community Level, Loei
Technology Transfer GHP Training
Promote Community Enterprise
Learning Center for Children
• Revolving Fund from Selling Products $43,333 / year• Dividend $1,000/year/family• Create Jobs $333/year
Income $2,000 / year
Create jobs and Promote farmers’
learning
Promote children’s learning
Learn from CommunityPromote Science Learning from Local Careers
Source: R&D and Technology Transfer Cluster for Local Community Development and Underprivileged, NSTDA
•Science Camp 4 times/year (250 participants) 29
By productFertilizer
OUTPUTBiogas
INPUTCow feces, Organic waste
Biogas Digester
Storage
Cost reduction: 8000 Baht (270$) 3000 Baht (100 $)
From Agriculture Waste to Energy at KHAONOI VILLAGE, PHITSANULOK
• National Health Security Act 2002
• Universal health care is provided through three programs:
1. Civil service welfare system for civil servants and their families
2. Social Security for private employees
3. Universal Health Coverage to all other Thai nationals.
• Expand health protection coverage to 99.5% of the population
Universal Health Coverage
Healthcare System
Source: Ministry of Health
31
• Volunteers from the local communities
• Promote health awareness in the community
• Use of tablet computers to collect health information of the villagers
Village Health Volunteer
Healthcare System
Source: Ministry of Health 32
Central Government
Decentralization for Inclusiveness
Regional Administration
Local Administration
Province District
Ministry Bureau Department
Source: Ministry of Interior
Infrastructure Development Public Services Healthcare Promotion Safety and Security Investment Promotion Management of Natural Resources and Environment
33
Institutional Framework Approaches for Inclusive Innovation
Program Top down
Bottom up
Social Enterprise
PublicPrivate Partner-
ship
TripleHelix
Meechai PattanaSchool
SBTS
OTOP
iTAP
Innovative Communities and Science Villages
Universal Health Coverage
Village Health Volunteer
34
National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office319 ChamChuri Square Building 14th Fl., Phayathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10300, Thailand Tel: +66 2 160 5432Fax: +66 2 160 5438E-mail: [email protected]://www.sti.or.th
Thank you for your attention.