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8/10/2019 THAI Safety Committe Prep Chap 3
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Safety, Occupational Health and Working
Environment (OSHE) committee
สถาบันฝกอบรมดานความปลอดภัย
บรษัท ป นทองกร ป แมนเนจเมนท แอนด คอนซัลแตนท จากัด
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Chapter 3
The roles and
responsibilities of OSHE
committee in theenterprise.
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The OSHE committee has the duties
as the following
Conduct the hazard elimination from workplace continuously.
Establish the safety standard and manual for each operation and utilizethem in the workplace.
Implement the recommendation on accident/incident and hazard control
in the workplace.
Identify the proper personal protective equipment that suitable for
protect the hazard from work and require the employees to wear them
all the time while they are working.
Follow up the progress of OSHE activities and report to the employer.
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The prevention and control of the danger from work
the machinery hazard prevention and control .
the electricity hazard prevention and control .
the material handling and storage hazard prevention and control .
the industrial fire hazard prevention and control.
the working environmental hazard prevention and control .
the chemical hazard prevention and control .
the ergonomic hazard prevention and control .
the construction work hazard prevention and control .
the personal protective equipment .
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The machinery hazard prevention and control.
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causes of machinery accident
Lack of proper machine guarding.
Ignorance or violate the safety operation procedures .
Employee has no the safety awareness.
not enough details of safety protection education training.
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The machinery hazard prevention and control.
Develop machine guarding
Having devices to prevent contact with critical point
Check machine regularly
Provide the specific control devices to prevent access to
moving parts while they are in motion
Provide the Safety Operation Standard for machine
operation
Provide the personal protective equipment for the machine
operator and let them use all the time
Workers must be trained to use guards properly
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Safeguard
To prevent danger from contacting to the danger part of the
machines
To prevent danger from the work process
To prevent danger from broken machines
Safeguards are essential to protect workers from preventable
injuries. Whenever the operation of a machine
Safeguards
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safeguard maintenance regulation
the regular lubrication, repair and adjustment of both the machine and
the safeguarding systems are essential.
When a guard is removed for maintenance or adjustment, temporary
controls must be used to protect workers from machine hazards.
Ensure that during the maintenance or service operation, no one can
energize or start-up of the machines, or the release of stored energy
without permission
If the lockout or key is lost, immediately report and request the new set of
lockout and its key.
Do not allow workers who warring improper dresses operating the
machines
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Machines maintenance
Maintenance operators have to inform every time
Ensuring the machines could not start up under repairing
process
Lock out must be used every time
Warning sign must be used every time
After the repairing to make sure lock out has been
removed
If lock out lost it should be reported and replace
immediately
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Maintenance
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The electricity hazard prevention and control.
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1. Electrocution (death due to electrical shock),
2. Electrical shock
The type of electrical injuries
3. Burns, and
4. Falls.
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To prevent an electrical incident
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1. Type of electric
current
Direct Current orD.C.
Alternating Current or A.C.
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Effects of Electrical Current on the BodyCurrent Reaction
1 milliamp
5 milliamps
6 –25 milliamps (women)†
9 – 30 milliamps (men)
50 – 150 milliamps
1,000 – 4,300milliamps
10,000 milliamps
15,000 milliamps
Just a faint tingle.
Slight shock felt. Disturbing, but not painful. Most people can “let go.
”However, strong involuntary movements can cause injuries.
Painful shock. Muscular control is lost. This is the range where
“freezing Currents” start.
It may not be possible to “let go.”
Extremely painful shock, respiratory arrest (breathing stops), severe
muscle contractions. Flexor muscles may cause holding on; extensor
muscles may cause intense pushing away. Death is possible.
Ventricular fibrillation (heart pumping action not rhythmic) occurs.
Muscles (1 – 4.3 amps) contract; nerve damage occurs. Death is likely.
Cardiac arrest and severe burns occur. Death is probable.(10 amps)
Lowest overcurrent at which typical fuses or circuit breaker opens a
circuit! (15 amps)
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2. Electric impedances
Home electric
Factory electric
220 Volt
380 Volt
Electric for Transformer
1,000 Volt up
For safety < 24 Volt
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3. Exposure time
220 Volt get dead with in 3-5 minutes
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4. Type of skin (dealing to electric resistance)
For dry skin having electric resistance
100,000 – 600,000 ohms per cubic meters
Wet skin having electric resistance
1,000 ohms per cubic meters
100 % reduction
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5. Moisture condition and others ex: electric
flow in the body,The amount of current passing
through the body
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The prevention from electric hazards
Learning about electric theory
Electrical equipment selection
Electrical equipment installation
Inspection and maintenance
Warning sign
Proper uses of machine and electrical equipment
Strictly follow up the electrical standard
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the manual material handling and storage
hazard prevention and control
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the problems in the manual material handling and storage
Question for operation improving
Whether material handling has been removed or not
How do the injuries still occur and what is the causes
Safety facilities has been provided
Do you use machine for carrying material
Do you ware PPE
Whether safety training have been done
Whether safety monitoring have been implemented
Whether storage point have been set up
Whether having material storage manual
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Principal of the material handling by hand
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Material lifting
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Material lifting in the right way
1. inspection
size, shape, weight
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2. Standing near to the material
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3. Bending the knee and keeping the back up
right naturally
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4. Pulling the material close to body as
much as possible
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5. Fix the chin or safe it
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6. Walking into the direction of material
storage
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the safety on the material handling by equipment
or tools
1. crowbar or wrecking bar
1.select the sufficient size and type
2.the user shall not stand over the crowbar during use
it
3.the user shall stand in the safe place to prevent the
nip, or hit from the uncertain condition of crowbar
4.head of the crowbar shall be in the good condition
5.hang all the crowbar on their place after used
หนา 136
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2. wheeled vehicle
*1.Beware the wheel run over the fingers and
toes
2.When require to change the direction, please
use the steering
3.Do not change the direction too often
4.Do not use the gas cylinder as the wheel
หนา 136
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3. hook or gaff
Hand hook shall always be sharp to prevent slipwhen hook the boxes or materials.
Hook holder should be strong and fix firmly to thehook body
Handle and long hook end shall be curved in thesame plane in order to lay the hook down upon theground and prevent the stumble
Put on the cover on the sharp end of the hook
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5. pushcart or wheelbarrow
General precaution for the pushcart Beware the pushcart fall down from the dockyard or
slope
Beware the hitting with another pushcart orobstruction
Beware of hands get nipped with the pushcart orother obstruction
After finish using pushcart, put away, avoid leaving
at the walking area that may cause accidents fromsomeone tripping over or obstruct the traffic
Foldable pushcart shall be parked with handle upposition and not obstruct the traffic
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Material handing (in the present time)
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Conveyor
General precaution for the belt conveyor
No climbing, sitting, and standing on the belt conveyor
Shall not be overloaded
No removing the cover of the gear wheel and chains while belt conveyor is working
Aware of the location of the belt conveyor system controller
The belt conveyor controller box should be in the accessible location
Before start the belt conveyor, all crews shall be in the safe location
Belt conveyor controller shall be trained
Immediate report for the obstruction to the belt conveyor
On the sides of the belt conveyor shall not contain obstructed objects
Before maintenance, be certain that the controller system is locked
Beware of the body parts and clothes from the belt conveyor
The maintenance engineer shall be skillful
Must install emergency stop switches at different locations and install warning alarm for overloading
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Screw conveyor
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the industrial engine vehicle
General precaution for the engine vehicle Should install the equipment that required human’s operation while in
motion Should include the overhead cover for the driver such as roof or car
cover Carefully use the engine vehicle designed only for that particular
purpose Forklift should have the control switch for the minimum and maximum
lifting capability to prevent over lifted and under lifted Should not use forklift for lifting humans unless the safeguard is
installed with the fork In case of using engine vehicle that use gasoline in confined space, the
level of carbon monoxide shall not exceed 50 part by million part involume within the 8 continuous working hours, and the air shouldcontain of oxygen not less than 19.5% by volume
In space contained flammable gas and vapor, dust, fiber, and othersubstances which can cause ignition, specific designed engine vehicleshould be use
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forklift
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Material storage
1. Area
2. Containers
3. Piping ,rode
4. Metal sheet
5. cylinder
6. High pressure gas
7.
Particle or dust
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The industrial fire hazard prevention and control
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1. cause of fire accident in the enterprise
There are four essential
elements of fire that
can cause fireaccident:
Fuel
Oxygen
HeatChain Reaction
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2. The fire accidents are mostly cause by
1. Spark
- electrical appliances
/the deterioration of the
electric insulator
2. Smoking or lighting
cigarette 3. The resistance of the
machine or motor
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4. Welding and cutting
5. Materials with high
heated surface
6. accumulation of
chemical substances
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Chemical Reaction
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I don’t know.
Cigarette smoking
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1. Short circuit 23 %
2. Smoking or lighting cigarette 18 %
3.Friction 10 %
4. Heated machine 8 %
5. Metal surface heated 7 %
6. Uncover flame 7 %
7. Welding and cutting 4 %
8. Auto ignite 4 %
9. fire from manmade 3 %
10. Sparking from machine 3 %
11. Melting material 2 %
12. Electro static discharge
2 %
13. Chemical reaction 1 %
14. Air contamination 1 %
15. others 5 %
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3. Guidelines for fire prevention and protection in
the enterprise
3.1 Electrical equipment: Establish regular maintenances.
3.2 Friction reduction:required regular inspection maintenance and
lubrication.
3.3 Use magnetic or other separators to remove tramp metal.
3.4 Cutting and welding
3.5 Do not use open flames near combustibles.
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3. Guidelines for fire prevention and
protection in the enterprise
3.6 Smoking and matches
3.7 Overheated materials
3.8 Static electricity
3.9 Heat generating machine
3.10 Self ignition material
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Fire extinguisher and evacuation system
4.1 Reporting system training ( how, when, where )
4.2 Type of extinguisher
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
4.3
Fire fighting team4.4 Evacuation system
Tools and Fire Extinguisher
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- Portable Fire Extinguisher
- Firehose System
g
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- Water and Foam Type
* To check pressure in the container every 6
months
Accumulation pressure 100 Psi
- Liquid chemical Type
*To check pressure in the container every 6
months
Accumulation pressure 195 Psi
Fire extinguisher testing
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- Dry Chemical Type
* To check pressure in the container every 6 months
Accumulation pressure 195 Psi /
* To check the physical property of chemical
* To check the leakage of gas
* To check the nozzle
* To check the erosion of container
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Fire Pump
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Fire Hose
- Hose rack
* size 11/2 inch for general work
* size 21/2 inch for fire fighter
* length 20 and 30 meters
* made of canvas or synthetic fiber
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Fire Hose
- Hose reel
* size 3/4 inch for general work
* length 20 and 30 meters
* made of synthetic rubber
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Fire Nozzle
- Straight
* can not adjust type
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Fire Nozzle
- Fog type
* can adjust 0 - 120 degree
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Water reservation
Pump and water storage
Connection, line, nozzle
Water System
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area size quantity
250 cu.m 9000 lites
>250 cu.m not over 500 cu.m 15,000 lites
>500 ตรม. Not over 1000 cu.m 27,000 lites
>1000 cu.m 36,000 lites
Water reservationquantity
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Suggestion
1. Collect in the close metal container
2. Clean up in the area of flammable waste one time a day
3. Dispose the flammable waste at least every month
4. Flammable waste disposal workers must wearing PPE
when working
5. Ash generated from flammable waste burning must be
kept safely
Flammable waste disposal
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Fire Alarm System
Heat Detector
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Smoke Detector
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MANUAL STATION
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Fire Alarm
- Control Panel and Manual , Bell
- Noise Level not less than 100 dB A
- Noise Testing at less 1 time / month
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Fire Exit
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จ ดรวมพล
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the working environmental hazard
prevention and control
The prevention and control of noise hazard
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noise is the unwanted sound or noise pollution
There are 3 types of noise which are
- Intermittence noise is intermittent if there is a
mix of relatively quiet periods and noisy.
- Impulsive or impact noise is a very short burst of
noise which lasts for less than one second.
- Continuous noise is noise which remains constant and
stable over a given time period.
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Ministerial Regulation
Standard Requirement for Safety, Occupational and Working Environment
Dealing With Heat, Light and Noise B.E 2549
Noise
Working not over 7 hour a day noise level must not excess to 91 dB(A)
Working over 7 hour a day but not over 8 hour noise level must not excess to 90 dB(A)
Working over 8 hour a day noise level must not excess to 85 dB(A)
Highest noise level must not over 140 dB(A)
The main auditory effects include
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- Hearing loss
Temporary hearing loss
Permanent hearing loss
- Health effects- Safety effects
Cause of hearing loss
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intensity
frequency
duration
nature of noise
Nature of individual
T h i l
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Temporary hearing loss
known as temporary threshold shift (TTS) whichoccurs immediately after exposure to a high level of
noise.
There is gradual recovery when the affected person
spends time in a quiet place.
Complete recovery may take several hours.
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Prevention and control ofnoise hazards
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The control of the source or
origin of the noise
SOURCE PATHWAY RECIVER
Designing of machine uses
Changing work process
Enclosure of noisy machine
Regular maintenance esp. lubricating
The control at path of the noise
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Increasing the length of machine and worker
Enclosure or walling or equipped with sound absorption material
Use personal hearing protector
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- Ear plug
- Ear muff
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The prevention and control of heat hazard
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• Dry heat
• Humid heat
Main Component of Heat
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Main Component of Heat
Moisture in the air
Wind speed
Heat radiation
Dressing or clothing
Heat effects on health
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Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Heat rashes
Dehydration
Respiratory infection Increase severity of Illness
Psychological effects
Prevention and control of heat hazard
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At Source
Insulation
General ventilation
Specific ventilation
At worker
Proper recruitment
Work safe standard
PPE using
Necessary well being provision
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Ministerial Regulation
Heat level standard (WBGT degree celcius)
Light 34
Moderate 32
Heavy 30
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Vibration effects onhealth
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Health effects on who le-body
vibrat ion Changes in bone structure
Low back pain
Low blood sugar level
Upper gastrointestinal cramp
Nausea, weight loss, blurry vision,insomnia, inner ear malfunction
Health effects on hand-arm vibration
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Loss in bone calcium and mineral
Changes in tendons, muscles, bones and joints
Joint pains
Vibration-induced white finger (VWF)
Prevention and control of vibration
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Use appropriate material or designing technique
Regular machinery maintenance
. Place vibration absorbance material underneath the
machines Wear special designed shoes and gloves
Use of vibration absorbance material for seating
Limit working hour
medical health check up
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The prevention and control of
radiation
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Radiation
Electro magnetic wave Radiation
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Low frequency
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Low frequency
cataracts
lungs,
testis,
gall bladder,
urinary tubes and partial gastrointestinal tract.
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Ultraviolet radiation
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Ultraviolet radiation
skin color change
skin irritation
cataracts
Prevention and control ofradiation
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radiation
- Control radiation area
- Provision of signs and warnings
- Establish safety working procedure and provide radiation measuring equipment
for employees
- Restrain pregnant women from danger area
- Implement emergency plan for radiation control
- Use of personal protective equipment
- Provide safety training on radiation control
- Set up rules and regulations on radiation control
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Prevention and control atsource
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source
• Uses low toxicity chemical
• Changes the work process
• Separate the high toxic processout
• Enclosure the work process
Prevent and control atthe path way
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p w y
• Green and clean environment
• Ventilation installation
•
Increase the length ofcontact
• Chemical concentration
monitoring
Prevention and control atworkers
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workers
• Training
• Working hour reduction
• Rotation
• Working in control room
• Medical check up
•
PPE using
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
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1. Product Data Trade name
Chemical name Usage
Producer/Importer
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
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(MSDS)
2. Chemical Classification
2.1 U. N. Number : 1294
2.2 CAS No. : 108-88-3
2.3 Carcinogent
3. Toxic component
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
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(MSDS)
Important Data
3. Hazardous Ingredients
Substances CAS No. Percent Toluene
108-88-3 95
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
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(MSDS)
4. Physical and Chemical information
5. Explosion and flammable information
Explosion and Flammable informmation
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Flash point Auto ignition Temperature
Ratio of flue and oxygen
Lower Flammable Limit( LFL )
Upper Flammable Limit( UFL)
Flash Point
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Flammable liquid flash point lower 100 °F
Combustible liquid flash point higher 100 but lower 200 °F
Auto-ignition temperature
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Turpentine can ignition at 253 °C
Ratio of Flue and Oxygen
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Acetylene : LEL = 2.5%
UEL= 100%
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Comparison NGV LPG Benzen Diesel
Status gas gas liquid liquid
Density lighter heavier heavier heavier
Flammable limit 5 - 15% 2 - 9.5% 1.4 - 7.6% 0.6 - 7.5%
Auto ignitiontemperature
650°C 481°C 275°C 250°C
Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)
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( )
6. Health hazard data, First aid
7. Safety measure
8. Special Instruction
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Ergonomics
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Ergonomics
ergo = work + nomous = rules
Ergonomics is the application of scientific information
concerning objects, systems and environment for
human use. Ergonomics is commonly thought of as how
companies design tasks and work areas to maximize the
efficiency and quality of their employees’ work.
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Prevention and control of health hazards
in construction sites
Problem of accident inconstruction work
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Operation
Work characteristics
Working environment
Work related accident
Prevention and control of healthhazards in construction sites
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1. Training2. Operation Regulation
3. Define Construction Area
4. Set up “Construction Site” signs around
the area5. Provide nursing unit
6. Provide first-aid training to employees
7. Provide the fire prevention training to
the workers8. Assign safety officers9. Put up signs, warnings and regulation
Safety measure duringconstruction
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1. PPE wearing2. Control and Inspect ladder, scaffold
3. Use adequate fall arrest equipment
4. Do not allow uncontrolledmovement of trucks
5. Check electrical equipment forsafety
6. Wear adequate clothing and head-gear
Personal protective equipment
(PPE)
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(PPE)
Head Protection
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safety inspection
Benefits or consequencesfrom safety inspections
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f m f y p1. Identify potential hazards2. Investigate safety management measures
3. Create understanding and harmonization4. Reduce potential risks and losses
5. Participation6. Increase safety awareness7. Evaluation of safety performance8. Increase awareness of responsible
person
Procedure of safetyinspection
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p
1. Preparing for an inspection2. Carrying out an inspection
3. Conclusions, problem ordering andsolutions
4. Monitoring the results
5. Reporting overall results to
management
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Safety regulation, safety manual and
safety standard operation procedures
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JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
( JSA )
Job safety analysis principle
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To identify risks to health and
safety in the workplace, and
documenting the control measurestaken to manage those risks.
Analyzer is the person who know
well about the work process in thek l
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workplace.
Job safety analysis steps
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1. Select the job for analysis
2. Set priority of job in each step
3. Hazard identification in each step
4. Set up the safety operation measure
The selection of job to analyse
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1. high frequency rate of accident
2. high danger
3. new job
4. new work process
5. ect.
Working step priorities
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1) Begin to start when action
Write down the step of work
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Should not over 6 steps
Considering the type of accident Impact with a falling or flying object.
Penetration of sharp objects.
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p j
Caught in or between a stationary/moving object.
Falls from an elevated work platform, ladders or stairs.
Excessive lifting, twisting, pushing, pulling, reaching, or bending.
Exposure to vibrating power tools, excessive noise, cold or heat, or
harmful levels of gases, vapors, liquids, fumes, or dusts.
Repetitive motion.
Electrical hazards.
Light (optical) radiation (i.e. welding operations, etc.).
Set up the safety operation measure
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1.Safety modification of machine
2. Machine guarding
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4. Working environment improvement
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Ventilation system
5. Provide safety training
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Benefit of JSA
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- Standard
- Training module
- Observation
- Accident investigation
Safety manual making
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1. Identify draft manual responsibility person.
2. Safety committee consider and correct it.
3. Safety committee submit to the management.
4. Printing
5. Distributing
6. Regular up date
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Reporting system
Concern person
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employee
Chief section safety officers
Executive safety officers
Safety committee member
Health personal
Contact worker
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Evaluation
Data needed for evalution
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1. Accident cases
2. Injuries
3. near miss events4. Working environment monitoring data
5. Medical cost
6. IFR, ISR, ASI, DII7. Safety project
Evaluation out put
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1. Comparing in each year performance
2. Comparing performance with plan
3. Comparing performance with target andindicator
4. Comparing with other organization
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Meeting and follow up
Objectives of meeting
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1. To inform data
2. To share information
3. To generate common policy
4. To cooperate for action
Factor for conducting andeffective meeting
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1. Participants
2. Agenda
3. Meeting place
4. Audiovisual aid
5. Meeting duration
Participants
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Chair person
Secretary
Commitee
Follow up
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Plan and project
Working result
Role and duties of committee The assigned work
Follow up result
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Work Progress
Work obstacles and problem
Effectiveness and efficiency
Improvement of the procedures
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