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Valsaín, Segovia (Spain)
30th and 31st January 2017
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING
ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE
USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute
University of Valladolid-INIA
20
17
1
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SUMMARY PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
WELCOME CONFERENCE ......................................................................................................................... 6
MINING GENOMIC DATA IN A SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY CONTEXT ...................................... 6
SESSION I .................................................................................................................................................... 7
FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus
patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA ......................................................................... 8
POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF
MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID .......................................................................................... 9
ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE - BRAZIL 10
INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO
WATERING REGIMES ................................................................................................................. 11
FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF
AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER .................................................................... 12
IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN
DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA ...................................................................................... 13
SESSION II ................................................................................................................................................. 14
INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY:
A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON ............................................................................................... 15
NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE
SURROUNDING AREAS.............................................................................................................. 16
STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT
PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................... 17
RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE
PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET NAM) .......................................... 18
DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL REGENERATION? THE
CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE FOREST ............................................... 19
TRANSVERSAL TALK .............................................................................................................................. 20
CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS. WHAT NEXT? .............. 20
SESSION II ................................................................................................................................................. 21
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY
NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES ......................................................... 22
INFLUENCE OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ON THE IN VITRO ROOTING OF Populus tremula L.
...................................................................................................................................................... 23
COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO
VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH
...................................................................................................................................................... 24
QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL UNDER
DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS .......................................................... 25
2
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF
CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE, VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA
AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS.............................................................................. 26
SESSION IV ............................................................................................................................................... 27
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE
WATER ......................................................................................................................................... 28
ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY
FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA .......................................................................... 29
MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL
PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH ...................................................................................................... 30
OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE
FORESTRY ENTERPRISE .......................................................................................................... 31
IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE
STRUCTURES ............................................................................................................................. 32
STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST
ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH ................................................................................................ 33
YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET
REGION ........................................................................................................................................ 34
PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF
BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F.
EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE) ............................................................................................................. 35
STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DIPTEROCARPS IN
CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS ....................................................................................... 36
IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA ............................. 37
SESSION V ................................................................................................................................................ 38
MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION
METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 39
CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN
PAMPAS ....................................................................................................................................... 40
OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN
WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE REGENERATION TECHINIQUES
...................................................................................................................................................... 41
USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING TO STUDY A
FOSSORIAL RODENT ................................................................................................................. 42
PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM:
FIELD EXPERIENCES ................................................................................................................. 43
HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY OF CHITWAN
DISTRICT, NEPAL ....................................................................................................................... 44
IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium circinatum .............. 45
SESSION VI ............................................................................................................................................... 46
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST ......... 47
3
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE
VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: CASE STUDY OF
MAAMORA FOREST .................................................................................................................... 48
THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM ECOSYSTEMS
...................................................................................................................................................... 49
GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN CONSERVATION
PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST LANDSCAPE ..................................... 50
POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF
CONTAMINATED SOILS.............................................................................................................. 51
WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP? ......................................................... 52
ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN ESMERALDAS CITY´S
VICINITY (ECUADOR) ................................................................................................................. 54
FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE
(MONCAYO NATURAL PARK) .................................................................................................... 55
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE
STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 56
4
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
Editors: Elena Hidalgo Rodríguez, Javier Dorado Reyes, Ainhoa Iñiguez Soto, Diego
Armando Damián Carrión, Samuel Gato Martín, Guillermo Jové Alcalde & Raúl Arcadio
Fernández González
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (University of Valladolid-INIA)
Avda. De Valladolid 44, 34071 Palencia (Spain)
Telephone: +34 979108300
Fax: +34 979108301
Websites:
http://sostenible.palencia.uva.es
www.resarch4forestry.eu
ISBN: 978-84-617-9574-1
5
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
PREFACE
Science needs ideas exchange and scientists and end-users networking. As ideas pass from
different filters and discussions and we tested them against evidences, scientific knowledge is
improved. Our Annual Young Researchers meeting allows our student to learn for their mates
and professors and feed their career with new challenges and solutions.
Our meeting is the biggest student scientific event, in the forestry domain, in Europe and allows
students from 16 countries and four continents to establish new synergies that will help their
personal and scientific development. As in previous year in this meeting participate students from
our Masters programs (MEDFOR, Ingeniería de Montes and Conservación y Uso Sostenible de
Sistemas Forestales) and PhD program. All students will present and discuss their ideas and
findings with students and professors from our program and beyond. In this occasion,
Researchers from the private sector and alumni from our program will accompany us to deliver
talks and facilitate scientific discussions.
Staff and Director of National Environmental Education Center (CENEAM) facilitate the venue for
the Congress and make our live easier while dealing with all the practicalities at Valsaín.
European Union Erasmus Mundus Action A (through the MEDFOR program) collaborated to
make this event a new success. Last but not less, I should acknowledge the hard work of
students and professors which coordinate and run the meeting for their hard work and the quality
of the organization.
I wish you a nice and fruitful meeting in Valsaín.
Prof. Dr. Felipe Bravo
Director
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute
Universidad de Valladolid - INIA
6
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
WELCOME CONFERENCE
MINING GENOMIC DATA IN A SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY CONTEXT
Ignacio Belda (PhD)
Scientific Advisor, Biome Makers Inc
e-mail: [email protected]
Soil ecosystems are a complex mix of physical, chemical and biological factors where
microorganisms play a critical role. The microbial consortia established in the soil of forests and
crops is determinant for the dynamics of biogeochemical cycles and, thus, for the nutritional
properties of these soils. In addition, several plant and tree diseases have a microbial origin, and
soils are important reservoirs of these pathogens. On the contrary, different microbial species
have been suggested as being “probiotic” or nutrient-mobilizers for soil plants soil. Since a few of
these pathogens and beneficial microorganisms are nowadays known and detectable by
traditional culture-dependent methods or molecular methods such as PCR or q-RT-PCR, it
becomes necessary to explore the entire microbial population of soils in order to understand the
community determinants of aggressive infections, disease resistance and crop/forest yields.
Thus, plants cannot be considered as self-contained, isolated organisms, since plant fitness is a
consequence of the plant per se and its associated microbiota. Therefore, a more holistic
conception should include plant-microorganisms, microbe-microbe and environment-microbes-
plant interactions. For that purpose, multifocus studies should be developed, including
edaphological and geographical information (GIS), and metagenomics (NGS) and metabolomics
(physiological) data. These studies are in the cutting-edge of scientific, environmental and
industrial studies and need multidisciplinary minds to put together all the information layers. In
this context, technical experts should be familiarized with robust statistical analyses and with
network-science tools that are necessary to extract conclusions from holistic studies.
7
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SESSION I
FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Tatek Dejene
POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID
Sara García Garrido
ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE – BRAZIL
Susana Dreveck
INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO WATERING REGIMES
Andrés Flores García
FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER
Dolores Agúndez
IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA
Ishan Kanungo
8
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Dejene, T.1, Oria-de-Rueda, J.A.1, Martín-Pinto, P.1
1 Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. University of Valladolid (Palencia). Avda. Madrid 44, 34071. Palencia, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
Pinus trees are able to form associations with fungal species that have both ecological and
economic benefits. The present study examined the macrofungal succession and corresponding
sporocarp production in Pinus patula stands in Ethiopia. Fungal taxa composition was also
explained based on edaphic variables of the study area. For this purpose, we surveyed nine
permanent plots (100 m2) established in five-, eleven-, and thirty-six years old P. patula
plantations and estimated fungal taxa richness, diversity, and sporocarp yields. Composite soil
samples were also collected from each plot to determine explanatory edaphic variables for fungal
taxa compositions. We found a total of 53 fungal taxa belonging to Basidiomycota, with the
exception of Xylaria hypoxylon which is Ascomycota. The majority of the collected taxa were
saprophytic and only 6% were ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). About 36% of the taxa were
classified as edible. Taxa richness, the Shannon diversity, and sporocarp yields showed
significant increasing trends towards the more mature P. patula stands. Fungal community
composition was also correlated significantly with N, K, and pH. This study extends our
knowledge on fungal diversity and community structure in managed P. patula plantations. Higher
diversity and sporocarp production was found in older stands. Thus, the deliberate presence of
mature trees in Pinus stands could provide incentives for the production and conservation of
important fungal species in the study area.
Keywords: fungal community, succession, sporocarps, stand age, Pinus.
9
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID
García-Garrido, S.1, Raposo, R.1,2
1 INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
2 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, Palencia, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
Climate change can lead to an increase to vulnerability some species. Thus, it is necessary to
study like both abiotic and biotic factors can cause forest decline. The main objective of this work
was to develop a better understanding of the influence to biotic agents in the process of decline to
Pinus pinaster Ait., especially the impact of fungal pathogens. Maritime pine is one of the most
important forest species in the Iberian Peninsula taking into account both the protection it
provides and the timber it produces. It is also the main conifer species in Spain in terms of area
covered. In this study, the plots have 10 meters in Madrid (Spain), they were included three
categories: decay trees whit less of 50% to foliage, healthy trees whit more of 50% to foliage and
dead trees. In every plot, we were described health condition to forest stand and forest
mensuration of trees individually. Also, we were measured foliage discoloration, size of the
needles, fructification, damage agents and premature tree death. We have taken samples with
symptoms of decay and without symptoms. Specifically, we were analyzed branches to detect
defoliator agents, we were described the symptoms of cankers and we were sampled cores to
root and neck region of trees. In the laboratory, we will isolate the fungi through growing medium
and finally we will indentify for their morphological identification of identification with molecular
analysis.
Keywords: biotic agents, pathogens, decay, cores, growing medium.
10
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE - BRAZIL
Dreveck, S., Messina, T., Moraes, L., Martins, E., Martinelli, G.
CNCFlora – The Brazilian National Centre for Flora Conservation.
e-mail: [email protected]
Brazil has the largest number of plant species in the world (46,097) with one new species being
described every two days. CNCFlora is responsible, at the national level, for the assessing the
conservation status of the Brazilian flora and developing recovery plants for species threatened
with extinction. CNCFlora is the Red List Authority for plants in Brazil and adopts the standards
and procedures recommended by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
According to the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2015) the country has 8,200 native tree
species, mainly concentrated in the Amazon and the Atlantic Rainforest, from which 4,000 are
endemic of Brazil. Tudge (2005) estimates 60,000 tree species in the world and using this
estimate as a basis, the number of endemic Brazilian tree species accounts for 6.6% of the
world’s tree flora. Amongst the 79 families of Brazilian assessed endemic trees, Myrtaceae and
Fabaceae alone represent 29% of the total number of species. CNCFlora has so far, assessed
999 tree species (25%) of the total number of Brazilian endemic trees. Rio de Janeiro is the fourth
smallest state of Brazil, with an area of 43.778Km² (IBGE, 2015), but holds almost 8.000
angiosperm species, with 1.109 endemics (List of Species of the Brazilian Flora, 2015). It also
has many incident threats such as soil use and transformation, exotic species invasion, tourism
and fire. The construction of accommodation places such as Hotels, sports complex, roads, etc,
cause habitat suppression and habitat quality loss, among many other damages towards flora
species. The 182 endemic tree species of Rio de Janeiro state are distributed in 41 families,
being the most representative ones: Myrtaceae with 51 spp. (28%), Melastomataceae with 23
spp. (13%) and Fabaceae with 19 spp. (10%). The remaining 38 families add up to 49% of the
total number of species. From all endemic tree species of Rio de Janeiro state assessed (182
spp.), 19% (34 spp.) were categorized as “Critically endangered” (CR); 32% (59 spp.) as
“Endangered”(EN); 6% (11 spp.) as “Vulnerable” (VU), 1% (1 sp.) as “Near Threatened” (NT) and
42% (77 spp.) as “Data deficient” (DD). An interesting result was that 50% of the threatened
species occur in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, areas of high endemism and
conservation interest. Furthermore it is an area that has the constant threat of fire because the
dry climate and high altitude field area associated with the high temperatures end up providing
this type of threat. The scenario of tree species in the state of Rio de Janeiro is alarming. Just
Calyptranthes aromatica species was categorized as Near Threatened. This demonstrates how
urgent and necessary are researches in ecology population and community of these species.
Futhermore it is essential the support of institutes, universities and government through strict laws
to protect these species and supervision so that these species can be conserved and in the future
they could be less threatened. Efforts to conserve tree species should not end after the red listing
of them, being necessary actions planning, identification of priority areas for conservation and
strategies to halt biodiversity loss.
Keywords: atlantic rainforest, CNCFlora, IUCN, red list, threatened.
11
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO WATERING REGIMES
Flores-García, A.1,2, Alia, R.1,2
1 Institute of Sustainable Forest Management, UVa, Valladolid, Spain.
2 Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Center of Forest Research, INIA, Madrid, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
The genus Pinus is very important in Mexico due to economic and ecologic aspects, with more
than 30 species. The genus is widely used in reforestation and soil conservation programs, but
also due to the high diversity of species, and the effect of agricultural and livestock activities we
need to promote genetic resource conservation programs. The species and populations greatly
differ in growth, and drought, frost and fire resistance. Therefore, to assist in restoration and
conservation programs, we were interested to characterize one-year old seedling from 4 different
species and 19 populations grown in greenhouse under different watering regimes (100-90% and
45-35 % of field capacity). We measured survival, growth, height and biomass at the final of the
experiment. The analysis showed the importance of watering among species, and a lower
influence of inter population variation for some of the species. The results will let to identify those
populations be able to resist greater environmental stress due to climatic change. The
populations will be suggesting using in the conservation and breeding genetic programs.
Keywords: genetic diversity, drought-tolerance, hydric stress, genetic conservation, Pinus.
12
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER
Agúndez, D.1,2, Sitou, L.3, Mahamane, A.4, Alía, R.1,2, Soliño, M.1,2
1 National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR). Ctra de La Coruña km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
2 iuFOR, Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid & INIA.
3 Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, Niger.
4 Université de Diffa, Niger.
e-mail: [email protected]
Food security and adequate nutrition allow populations to take advantage of both their own
potential and development opportunities. In a less-favored area such as the Sahel, specifically
Niger, promoting the sustainable management, breeding, and conservation of the agroforestry
resources would result in increased production from the system and the recovery of food
resources. We have conducted an analysis of participation by local communities in conservation
and breeding programs for their agroforestry systems, more specifically regarding the trees that
are present in those systems. The assessment, through a contingent ranking, has allowed us to
estimate the preferences and the values given by the rural population to the attributes that would
be comprised in a program designed to increase the food security of the rural population. The
resulting preferred scenario or program is Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) based
on the species Adansonia digitata (Baobab), with plantation, stone bunds or tassa, and selected
or bred seeds. The main effects of the program, according to the surveyed population, include an
increase in crop production and soil conservation and increased income from tree products. This
study has allowed us to identify the program that would provide the greatest well-being for
farmers, since it would allow them to simultaneously increase both the production of their crops
and the production of a woody food species such as the Baobab, and it would allow an increase
in income from derived products. Farmers want to improve their production system and are willing
to invest sustainable effort for a minimum of 5 years, or even indefinitely.
Keywords: choice modeling, ranking, tree, NWFP, Africa.
13
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA
Kanungo, I., Verma, P.
Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India – 248006.
e-mail: [email protected]
Land degradation remains a pertinent challenge in several regions of the world and severely
impacts the productivity, ecosystem functioning and livelihoods of people. This study presents an
assessment of the impacts of invasion by Prosopis juliflora on the soil in the degraded lands
around the Ganges basin close to Varanasi in Northern India. The study focused on the analysis
of key sustainability indicators in the soil physio-chemical and biological traits such as moisture
content, bulk density, Water holding capacity, soil organic matter, Available phosphorous,
nitrogen, microbial biomass and soil dehydrogenases. The results show that there is a significant
increase in several of these parameters in areas where the species is present as compared to its
absence. This could be important for soil fertility amelioration and afforestation projects in
denuded soils. The species also has a great economic value for resource utilization in terms of
fodder, biomass and food for animal consumption and by local populations which are discussed
here. Unlike some parts of the world where the species has been the introduced, the potential
benefits of this species have not been fully recognized by the local populations in the study area.
Increasing public perception towards this resource will increase its utilization and provide
economic benefits to the rural populations that inhabit these areas.
Keywords: land degradation, alien invasive species, organic matter, nitrogen fixation,
afforestation.
14
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SESSION II
INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON
Peter Bufeh
NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE SURROUNDING AREAS
Tran Thi Le Hang
STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS
Marina Getino Álvarez
RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET
NAM) Nguyen Thi Dong
DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL
REGENERATION? THE CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE FOREST
Marta Vergarechea
15
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON
Bufeh, P., Justin Eyebe, A., Eyebe Simon, A., Angu Angu, K., Endamana, D.
Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon Edificio Mario de Azevedo Gomes, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017, Lisboa – Potugal.
e-mail: [email protected]
With a total size of about 475 440 km2, Cameroon is part of the Congo Basin and harbors a wide
range of biological resources. It is the fourth most bio-diverse country in Africa after the
Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Madagascar (UNDP et al 2001). Unfortunately,
many species are either threatened, endangered or at the brink of extinction including flagship
species such as gorillas and chimpanzees. There are a number of drivers of biodiversity loss in
Cameroon including unsustainable resource exploitation (e.g. slash-and-burn agriculture,
poaching of large mammals); an economic system that is reliant on natural resources; land use
changes (forest conversion); among others. Indirect drivers are linked to economic, social and
cultural factors (e.g. increasing demographic pressures and urbanization, poverty) and to weak
institutional responses resulting from a lack of financial resources to enable progress on issues,
including the establishment of indicators for sustainably managing biodiversity and mechanisms
to mitigate or combat biodiversity loss. As a result of the rapid rate of biodiversity loss, the need
for biodiversity conservation has been highlighted in State forestry and legislative policy – in
particular the current forestry law (1994) and its 1995 Implementation Decree. Apart from
elaborating on the drivers of biodiversity loss, this report reviews the extent to which biodiversity
conservation has been integrated into national development policy – and vice versa – and draws
conclusions as to whether this has enhanced the implementation of key biodiversity conservation
objectives and commitments.
Keywords: biodiversity, ecosystems, policy, conservation, resources.
16
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE SURROUNDING AREAS
Tran, H., Vu, M., Pham, N.
VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam.
e-mail: [email protected]
This paper presents results of research on the use of GIS and prediction models in railway noise
propagation to assess the impact of noise to the residential sector in the area of the railway
passing through the provincial / city Hanoi, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Vinh. Results of
measurement at 22 railway segments show equivalent noise level according to characteristics A
in 15 minutes (LAeq, 15min) exceeded the Vietnamese standard TCVN 5949-1998. Simplify the
measurement results by combining all adjacent segments which have the similar noise level
LAeq, 15min (difference <1dB) result in 11 new segments and they were considered as 11 line
sources of noise. GIS analysis was conducted to calculate the noise propagation. Resulted noise
maps show that the closer distance to railroads, the greater the noise level is. At a distance of
shorter of equal to 180m the noise level exceeds TCVN 5949-1998 at every segment. Regions
which are most affected by noise caused by railway are Quynh Luu (Nghe An) and Tinh Gia
(Thanh Hoa), where the noise level exceeds Vietnamese standards at distances up to 300m. The
paper also recommend to find and plant appropriate tree band along the railways to prevent the
noise propagation to the residential areas.
Keywords: noise; railway; distance, GIS.
17
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS
Getino, M.1,2, Lafuente, F.1, Glaser, B.3, Turrión, M.B.1,2
1 Dpto. de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIIAA de Palencia, Universidad de Valladolid, España.
2 Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible. UVa /INIA, España.
3 Soil Biogeochemistry Department, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
e-mail: [email protected]
Biochar is a solid material obtained by biomass pyrolysis in an oxygen-limited environment. It is
used for soil improvement. Biochar's C content must be higher than 50% of the dry mass. Biochar
carbon is made up of easily degradable organic carbon compounds and very stable, aromatic C
structures, black carbon (BC) (Schmidt et al. 2012). According to European Biochar Certificate
the BC content of biochars should represent 10 - 40% of the overall C. The aim of this study was
to determine which pyrolysis treatment (temperature and time) gives better results on Black
Carbon content from different vegetal residues. As well as, determine which treatment carried out
under laboratory conditions produces biochar from vines canes with similar Black Carbon content
to the one performed in field (traditional procedure). Four vegetal materials (vine canes, pruning
residues of pine and holm oak, and corn cobs) were pyrolyzed in a N2 atmosphere under four
treatments: 400°C, 500°C, 600°C during 1h and 500°C during 4h. Also, biochar from vine canes
was obtained in field by incomplete combustion or charring, based on a traditional way to obtain
the so called “cisco” of holm oak, used as combustible for braziers. BC content in all biochar
samples was determined by Glaser (1998) methodology which measures benzene carboxylic
acids as indicators of BC, using gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. Total organic
Carbon (TOC) and total Nitrogen (N) were determined by elemental autoanalyzer in biochar
samples. The study reveals that biochars obtained in lab and field complied with the
specifications of C and BC contents of the European Biochar Certificate. The treatment of 600ºC
1h showed the highest BC concentrations in biochar and also referred to TOC, but for the pine
residues. The vine canes biochar obtained at 600ºC 1h showed similar characteristics to the one
obtained by field traditional methodology.
Keywords: biochar, black carbon, soil improvement, pyrolysis.
18
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET
NAM)
Nguyen, D., Bravo, F.
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute – University of Valladolid –INIA.
e-mail: [email protected]
The Coc Lake protected forest in Thai Nguyen province, Viet Nam with 3,453 ha area has
important roles such as soil conservation, erosion control, water sources protection, climate
regulation and maintaining ecosystem balance. However, the forest has been degrading because
of lacking financial resources and conflicts of interest between the parties involved. This research
aimed at establishing new financial mechanism which would contribute to Coc Lake protection.
The estimated payment of forest environmental services at the Coc Lake was 512,832 $/year, of
which payment for landscape and carbon absorption services were 88,195 $/year and 424,637
$/year, respectively. Research provided a payment mechanism for forest environmental services,
an amount of money which people could receive for participating in the forest protection at 171.30
$/ha/year. The bigger amount came from carbon absorbing service, landscape services was only
about 29.46 $/ha/year. If there was only landscape service valuation, it could have been difficult
attracting local people to participate in forest protection because this payment level was lower
than the payment level of the 661 afforestation program of government. With this model, the
intermediate cost was about 15% but it ensured transparency in financial management.
Keywords: landscape service, carbon absorbing service, PES, forest protection.
19
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL REGENERATION? THE CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE
FOREST
Vergarechea, M.1, Del Río, M.1, Gordo, F. J.2, Cubero, D.2, Martín, R.2, Calama, R.1
1 Department of Silviculture and Forest Systems Management, INI-CIFOR, 28040, Madrid, Spain
2 Junta Castilla & León, Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente, 47001, Valladolid, Spain
e-mail: [email protected]
Mixing of complementary tree species, such as those formed by stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and
maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) can be used to mitigate the damage inflicted by climate change,
whose influence is having an important impact on Mediterranean forests. Long-term stability of
mixed stands depends largely on the potential effect that different species have on natural
regeneration dynamics. The analysis of the spatial variability in natural regeneration in function of
different drivers - such as overstory is crucial for improving the knowledge of the dynamics of
mixed Mediterranean forests. For this study, we have used 1936 plots of 0.02 ha established in a
mixed forest of stone pine and maritime pine in the Northern Plateau of Spain. Plots were
installed immediately following shelterwood cuttings, and the establishment and survivalof
seedlings and saplings was annually monitored from 2005 to 2015. Natural regeneration of each
species was classified into four different categories (C1, C2, C3 and C4); C4 being the most
viable and durable, and C1 the least. Our findings show that it exist an important problem as far
as natural regeneration is concerned, especially in P.pinaster natural regeneration, as 17% of the
plots have never showed natural regeneration (79% where we observed plots without P.pinaster
natural regeneration). Spatial variability was greater in both species for the C1 and C2 categories,
those less viable, than for the C3 and C4 categories. Besides, it’s observed a strong association
between the natural regeneration and the presence of conspecific adult tree, being more
important this association in P.pinaster that in P.pinea. To be able to determinate the spatial
variability is essential to develop future studies that analyze patterns of establishment and
survival of natural regeneration in mixed forest, which are needed to develop appropriate
management strategies.
Keywords: natural regeneration, mixed forest, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster.
20
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
TRANSVERSAL TALK
CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS. WHAT NEXT?
Rodríguez-García, E.1, Sanz-Ros, A.V.1,2
1 iuFor: Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible. UVa-INIA. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias. Universidad de Valladolid. Avenida de
Valladolid. 30004. Palencia. 2 Centro de Sanidad Forestal de Calabazanos (JCyL)- Asistencia Técnica TRAGSA.
Polígono Industrial de Villamueriel, sn. 34190. Villamueriel de Cerrato. Palencia.
e-mail: [email protected]
Although, paradoxically, there are many offers to apply for a doctorate and get engaged in
science and research, finishing a Ph.D. or postdoc and moving on to a research-faculty position is
no longer the norm for scientists. In many countries and especially in the last decade, science
and engineering doctorate recipients working in academe have dropped, including staff scientists,
research and teaching faculty. There is a bottleneck (still growing) of highly qualified and talented
trainees and professionals ready for the job market but with very limited possibilities in “the
traditional science career path” due to the few available positions and the savage competition.
Fortunately, there are a large number of options in nontraditional paths and outside academe,
including the creation of Start-ups, Technological based and services companies, etc., which may
host part of this stock of highly qualified professionals. First of all, the skills that Ph.D students
and postdocs need to master to compete successfully for research positions, both within and
outside academe, must be evaluated. Some of the skills focus on innovative, interdisciplinary and
collaborative science coupled with the specific tools and techniques within each research
discipline; while others are related to “transferable” skills such as leadership, management and
communication. Then, we have to take into account the individual interests and the adaptation of
each person for each career path. For this issue is remarkable the proposal of Jennifer Hobin et
al. (Science, 2012) of analyzing individual characteristics to develop and implement strategies to
pursue career-specific goals, which may help to find a suitable job. For this purpose they have
designed a tool for the creation of an Individual Development Plan (IDP) using myIDP, a Web-
based career-planning tool created to help graduate students and postdocs in the sciences to
define and pursue their career goals. According to these authors, the observed trend is that
people who develop and implement strategies to pursue career-specific goals achieve greater
career success as measured by salary, promotions, and level of responsibility. They also report
that these people have greater career satisfaction and rate themselves as more successful than
their peers compared to those without career plans. In the same way, doctorate and postdoctoral
researchers who developed training plans with their advisers at the start of their appointments
reported greater satisfaction, published more papers, and experienced fewer conflicts with those
advisers.
21
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
Keywords: career planning; research; science; skills; strategy.
SESSION II
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES
Diego Armando Damián Carrión
INFLUENCE OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ON THE IN VITRO ROOTING OF Populus tremula L.
Jaime Hermoso Blanco
COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET
EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH Abdullah-Al Mamun
QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL
UNDER DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS Olaya Mediavilla
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL
VARIETIES OF CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE, VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS
Javier Dorado Reyes
22
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES
Damián-Carríón, D.1, 2, Rodríguez-Llerena, M.1, Santillan-Lima, P.1, Recalde Moreno, C.1,2
1 National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. 2 Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, Ecuador.
e-mail: [email protected]
The research objective was to prioritizing the micro-watersheds based on morphometric
characteristics using GIS techniques in Achupallas parish, Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Four
micro-watersheds were defined: Zula, Ozogoche, Jubal and Pulpito. The morphometric
parameters were classified as geometric, relief and drainage they have been determined for each
micro-watershed. The relief parameters and hypsometric curves of Zula, Jubal and Pulpito micro-
watersheds have defined mountainous areas with high altitudinal gradient and rivers in continue
erosion. While hypsometric curve of Ozogoche micro-watershed indicates that its territory is
formed by less high mountains and vast plains, also this micro-watershed is characterized by the
presence of lagoons and marshes. The shape parameters also reveal the elongation of Jubal and
Pulpito micro-watersheds and the almost circular shapes are the Zula and Ozogoche micro-
watersheds. Jubal and Pulpito micro-watersheds will have flows flood longer lasting but smaller
peak flows compared to Zula and Ozogoche micro-watersheds present higher risk of flood by the
most pronounced peak flows. In general the morphometric characteristics not increase rather
attenuate the effects and vigor of floods. Only the circular shape of Zula and Ozogoche micro-
watersheds can increase the flood risk.
Keywords: floods, GIS, hypsometric curve, micro-watersheds high Andean, morphometric
analysis.
23
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
INFLUENCE OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ON THE IN VITRO ROOTING OF Populus tremula L.
Hermoso, J., Otaño-Lloree, A., Pando, V., Sierra de Grado, R
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources. University of Valladolid.
e-mail: [email protected]
Plant rooting is one of the most critical phases of in vitro culture. The way to apply rooting
hormones and their dose is key to success. We compared two forms of application of
indolebutyric acid (IBA) to the in vitro rooting of Populus tremula L.: previous immersion of the
explant in IBA solution and IBA dissolved in the medium, with two different immersion times and
two IBA concentration and immersion time to the rooting of Populus tremula L. Four clones
explants were evaluated. For that, six media were used: rooting in media without hormones,
rooting in media with 0.5 mg/l IBA concentration, immersion in a 0.5 mg/l solution for 5 and 15
seconds and immersion in a 0.1 mg/l solution for 5 and 15 seconds. All the aerial and submerged
roots were measured, as well as the length of the largest root, stem length, number of leaves and
presence of callus, contamination and necrosis in the in vitro phase for seven weeks and three
times during ex vitro phase. From the results obtained, we concluded that the best treatment is
the immersion of the explants in a solution with a concentration 1mg/l IBA for 15 seconds,
followed rooting in a medium without hormones.
Keywords: IBA, phytohormones, in vitro culture, aspen.
24
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET
EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH
Feroz, S. M., Mamun, A. A.1, Kabir, M. E.
1 Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, School of Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.
e-mail: [email protected]
The composition, diversity and spatial distribution pattern of woody species were analyzed along
the vertical profile of a tropical wet evergreen forest in Bangladesh. The forest stand consisted of
five vertical strata. The species composition was moderately similar among the strata, while the
highest degree of similarity was between fourth and bottom strata. Bursera serrata Wall. ex
Colebr. was the most dominant species, and may be typically climax species together with
Microcos paniculata L. ex W & A. and Maesa ramentaca (Roxb). A. DC in terms of their high
importance values. Species–area relationships depict compositional instability of the present
forest, because expected maximum numbers of species (165) were four times higher than the
recorded numbers of species (40) for the total stand. Smaller species richness in the upper strata
was compensated by greater species evenness (Pielou’s index J′); resulting in almost constant
Shannon’s index H′ across the strata. It indicates each stratum may have the same role in
maintaining high woody species diversity. The rate of equality of individuals among the different
species decreased with increasing species richness due to decrease of J′ from the top stratum
downward. The distribution pattern of the entire stand was greatly influenced by the aggregated
distribution of the majority of the juveniles those mainly appeared in the bottom stratum. However,
vertical strata shared a mixed distribution pattern of random and aggregate which followed from
the upper strata to downward. This type of distribution pattern for stratified stand is probably
consistent in tropical forests.
Keywords: biodiversity, distribution pattern, m–w diagram, similarity index, species dominance
25
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS
Mediavilla, O.1, Hernández-Rodríguez, M.1, Olaizola, J.2, Santos-del-Blanco, L.2, Oria-de-Rueda, J.A.1, Martín-Pinto, P.1
1 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. University of Valladolid-INIA.
2 IDForest-Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada.
e-mail: [email protected]
Cistus ladanifer scrublands host an extraordinary production of highly demanded edible fungi.
Among those, the species belonging to the genus Boletus have the greatest interest in these
otherwise non-productive ecosystem. Regarding Boletus edulis Bull., previous research has
found that its fructification, quite variable among years, depends on several factors like the age of
the stand, its density and climatic factors. There is nonetheless important missing information on
the life cycle of this species, like the seasonal dynamics of B. edulis mycelium on the soil.
Consequently, in this study we wondered about whether different management options could
enhance the presence of Boletus edulis mycelium in the soil and thus, the production of
mushrooms. The treatments consisted of different levels of fuel reduction: 50% clearing, total
clearing and no clearing (control), established in scrublands of different age and origin. Soil
samples were taken at three different times: at the end of the sporocarp fruiting season
(December), in April and in July. DNA extractions were performed with the PowerSoil® DNA
Isolation Kit and B. edulis DNA was amplified by real-time PCR using specific primers and Taq-
man probes. Our results confirmed the widespread presence of B. edulis mycelium in the soil and
a significant influence of management and time over the quantities of B. edulis extraradical
mycelium in the soil. We found the amount of mycelium in the soil to be highest where no
clearing was done, although there were also significant concentrations in 50% clearing plots.
Total clearing plots displayed low concentrations of mycelium. Regarding seasonal dynamics, we
found that B. edulis mycelium was more abundant in December. Finally, we found that the
correlation between mycelium in the soil during the fruiting season and mushroom production was
higher than in either April or July. Based on these results, the most suitable management
practises to enhance B. edulis production and ecosystem conservation will be proposed.
Keywords: extraradical mycelium, real-time PCR, management of natural and cultivated populations, rural economic development, molecular biology.
26
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE,
VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS
Dorado, J., Martín, M.A., Solla, A.
Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural. Universidad de Extremadura. Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 - Plasencia, España.
e-mail: [email protected]
Agrobiodiversity is defined as biodiversity within farming and its reduction implicates the loss of
species or cultivated varieties. In Extremadura, Castanea sativa Mill. is considered an agro-
environmental species given that its maintenance produces goods such as fruit, wood, honey,
mushrooms and environmental values, which help to sustain rural population. Nevertheless, there
are serious threats over this species such as the abandonment of the crop due to its low
profitability, the introduction of foreign material without previous evaluation, or the replacement
and/or elimination of the traditional varieties. The objective of this project consists of the
description of chestnut genetic resources from Valle del Jerte, Valle del Ambroz, La Vera and
Valencia de Alcántara regions through the identification and characterisation of the traditional
varieties in these areas. One hundred grafted chestnut trees corresponding to 30 traditional
denominations have been analysed using qualitative morphological traits and simple sequence
repeat (SSRs) markers. The combination of these two types of markers has allowed us to identify
28 varieties, 22 of which are local varieties and six have proved to be interspecific hybrids
between C. sativa and C. crenata. Moreover, five cases of homonymies and two of synonymies
were detected. As a result, this project has stated that chestnut traditional systems in these areas
and its management favor a high level of genetic diversity and local distribution, and constitute on
farm conservation units.
Keywords: agrobiodiversity, microsatellite markers, morphological traits, traditional variety, on farm conservation.
27
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SESSION IV
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE WATER
Motaz Abdelaziz
ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Daniel Hagos Berhe
MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH
Ibne Wadud Abdullah
OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE FORESTRY ENTERPRISE
Andrii Khomiuk
IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES
Samson Osadolor
STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH
Muha Abdullah Al Pavel
YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET REGION
Sushmita Rani Saha
PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum
binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F. EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE) Md Ekramul Haque
STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF
DIPTEROCARPS IN CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Babla Mohajan
IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA
Siba Ghadban
28
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE WATER
Abdelaziz, M.
Review by El kateb, Hany
Member of the Presidential Advisory Council of Scientists and Experts - Egypt Senior Scientist at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen
e-mail: [email protected]
Egyptian Western Desert covers about 700,000 square kilometers and accounts for about two-
thirds of Egypt's land area. In the mid 1990s Egypt established the “National Programme for the
Safe Use of Treated Sewage Water (TWW) for Afforestation”. Within the framework of this
programme, a pilot project was conducted on over 4,000 hectares spread over the country to
determine the success/failure of afforestation using basic-treated sewage water. This case study
demonstrates the afforestation results at Ismailia “Serapium Forest”. The supporting scientific
work is carried out by highly qualified German and Egyptian scientists including: The Institute of
Silviculture, Technische Universität München (TUM); Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ain
Shams University; Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Alexandria;
These institutions aim to gain important scientific information and to attain achievements towards
the successful realization of the afforestation in Egypt. Officially, the Serapium Forest is 128.5 ha
large (305.8 feddans) and the planted parcels with “Tree Species” hold an area of 96.3 ha (229.3
feddans). “Non-tree Species” cover an area of 13.0 ha (30.8 feddans) and the “Uncultivated
Parcels” 19.2 ha (45.7 feddans). The area of four non-tree species being planted in parcels is 13
ha (30.8 feddans), (Agave sisalana, Bambus, Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis) and the
total area of 9 tree species is 128.5 ha (305.8 feddans) (Casuarina equisetifolia, Cupressus
sempervirens, Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus citriodora, Harpullia, Khaya grandifoliola, Khaya
senegalensis, Pinus halepensis, Terminalia arjuna). After determining the yield of some tree
species and investigating the feasibility of the afforestation in Egypt by using (TWW), its
environmental, social and economical impacts were concluded. It was estimated an internal rate
of return exceeding 12% by afforesting 1,000 ha of desert lands using 14 tree species of the
plantation forests (in Egypt) stating that it was relatively high. They estimate that each yield could
be attained approximately 4.5 times earlier than in Germany, the leading country in forestry in
Europe. Egypt currently allocates 6.7 billion m³ of sewage water annually. 5.5 billion m³ of this
sewage water is sufficient to afforest over 650,000 hectares of desert lands and store over 25
million tons of CO² annually in the new plantation forests. The results show that the Serapium
Forest plantation is a great proof of the ability of Egyptian institutions to establish man made
forests irrigated with (TWW) in the desert. The most promising types were Khaya senegalensis,
Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus citriodora.
Keywords: desert afforestation, treated waste water, Egyptian desert, serapium forest.
29
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA
Berhe, D. H.1,2, Mamo, A. M.2, Haile, A.2, Biruk, B.2, Tesema, T.3, Tanga, A. A.3
1 Forestry Research Centre, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
2 Mekelle Environment and Forest Research Centre, Mekelle.
3 Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute (EEFRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
e-mail: [email protected]
A study with the objective of assessing the survival of outplanted seedlings and the success of
plantations in the last five years was conducted in Tigray Regional state. The study was carried
out in 6 randomly selected Woreda to represent three agroecologies (two for Dega, two for Weina
Dega and two for Kola) and 2 randomly selected Kebele from 5 plantation sites. The study
contains both biophysical survey to assess the survival of seedlings and social survey to assess
the perception of the local community and experts the success of the plantation activity. The
study employed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was obtained from
field assessment and key informant interview, focus group discussion and expert filled
questionnaire while the secondary data was from report. Results of the study show that there
were variations in the survival of outplanted seedlings between plantation sites of the same
Kebele, between the Kebele of the same Woreda and between the Woreda. The regional mean
was 52% with high level of variation that ranged from 0 to 100% survival of outplanted seedlings.
Generally, the planting activity has failed and the reasons are lack of pre and post planting
management, moisture stress, poor soil and site condition, planting unmanageable number of
seedlings, weak law enforcement and lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanism. In the study
area, four types of ownership were identified; private, communal, state and youth group. Among
the ownership types, the private was the most successful while the communal was failed. For
successful plantation, watering, post and pre planting management of outplanted seedlings and
budgeting and permanent employment of guards were recommended.
Keyword: outplanting, pre and post management, ownership, monitoring, evaluation.
30
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH
Saenger, P.1, Ibne Wadud, A.2
1 Centre for Coastal Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
2 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Avda de Madrid, 34004, Palencia, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
The Mangrove in Bangladesh is a deltaic mangrove forest called Sundarbans, formed about 7000
years ago by the deposition of sediments from the foothills of the Himalayas through the Ganges
river system, and is situated southwest of Bangladesh and south of West Bengal, India. The
management of the resources of the Sundarbans natural mangrove areas on a sustainable basis,
while protecting the high level of biodiversity with in the largest continues mangrove area in the
world, stretching for around 260 km along the Bay of Bangle from the Hooghly River Estuary,
India to the Meghna River Estuary in Bangladesh. Management of the Sundarbans has been
based on selective felling with particular felling cycle and minimal DBHs adjusted for each of the
main commercial species. The allowable annual cut is determined by ongoing forest inventories
to ensure harvesting is equal or lower than the growth and reproduction rate however despite the
adaptation of sustainable yield, some degradation of the mangroves is occurring, the primary
causes being human interference (e.g. Illegal harvesting and pollution) and change hydro-
edaphic conditions (e.g. erosion and accretion, increase soil salinity), although mangrove
ecosystems in Bangladesh have tremendous value for coastal communities, associated species
and both nature conservation and timber production.
Keywords: sundarbans, management plan, costal afforestation.
31
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE FORESTRY ENTERPRISE
Khomiuk, A., Hsvryluk, S.
Ukrainian National Forestry University.
e-mail: [email protected]
Rapid industrial development and accelerated scientific progress confronts new challenges for
mankind, e.g. rational use of natural resources, protection of environment, maintenance of forest
cover on sparsely wooded areas, etc. Forests in Ukraine have an important role in the economy
of country. However, environment is highly influenced with human activities nowadays,
particularly with prioritizing agriculture or urban development, and decreasing forest cover as
consequence. With this in mind, effective and close to nature use of existing forest stands should
be essential for implementation of forest management in country. Main goal of this study was to
obtain data about development of old-growth Norway spruce stands on the territory of Ukrainian
Carpathians within the Osmoloda State Forest Enterprise. It was conducted as collaboration
between Czech University of Life Sciences (Prague, Czech Republic) and Ukrainian National
Forestry University (Lviv, Ukraine). Field work was done within the territory around Velyka Syvulia
mountain. Whole area was divided into 2 x 2 ha squares. Central part (0,5 ha) of those squares
contained 3 randomly generated points, which were considered as possible centers of a sample
plot. FieldMap software was used for collecting main forest characteristic data and position of
trees. Further lab work analyzed forest structure and spatial distribution of trees within sample
plots. Results of this research led to conclusions, that: i) old-growth spruce forests within the
study area are statistically and morphologically heterogeneous; ii) stand is formed with at least
two storeys; iii) share of stand volume in second strorey can reach up to 33%; iv) according to
criteria and indices of horizontal stand structure, trees are evenly distributed. These outcomes
provide basic information about the development and structure of old-growth spruce stands.
Although, it’s yet too early to provide recommendations for changing spruce silviculture in the
country, findings should be used for further studies or possible monitoring of other old-growth
stands.
Keywords: Norway spruce, forest structure, spatial distribution, Ukrainian Carpathians.
32
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES
Osadolor, O. S., Vatn, A., Vedeld, P. O.
University of Lisbon.
e-mail: [email protected]
REDD+ is seen by many as a low cost climate mitigation option. Hence, there is interest
in the North for paying the South to reduce deforestation with the aim of reducing carbon
emissions. This demands the establishment of institutions – both at the international and
national level – to generate and transfer the necessary financial resources in ways
realizing REDD+ activities. While the obligations for reductions of green-house gases will
be set in international negotiations, the national governance structures for REDD+ will
influence who will be involved in defining national responsibilities and how policies ‘on the
ground’ will be formed and implemented. This study analyses a set of generic options for
national REDD+ governance structures – i.e., (a) a market/ project based architecture; (b)
a system with national REDD+ funds outside existing national administrations; (c) a
national REDD+ fund organized under the present administration; and (d) conditional
budget support. The analysis is based on both input (process) legitimacy and output legitimacy,
which includes their effectiveness, efficiency and capacity to deliver on co-benefits. While a
solution with a market/project based structure has been favored by many, we conclude
that this is the most problematic alternative. Concerning the other three, the national/local
conditions will be of importance for their functioning. If REDD+ policies involve a large
part of a country’s forested area, establishing a good link to the general forest and other
sector policies will be necessary.
Keywords: REDD+, governance, legitimacy, markets, carbon credit.
33
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH
Hossain, M.A.1, Pavel, M.A.A.1,2,3, Uddin, M.B.1, Harada, K.4
1Department of Forestry and Environment Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
2Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Vialedell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
3Research Institute of Sustainable Forest Management, University of Valladolid-INIA, Avda. de Madrid, 44 – 34004, Palencia, Spain.
4Department of Biosphere Resources Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
e-mail: [email protected]
Stand characteristics of tree species along environmental and disturbance gradients in the
different forest management ecosystem were examined. The study plot was divided into three
categories as Lawachara National Park (LNP), Reserve forest (RF) and forest boundary (FB).
Environmental and vegetation data were collected of 25 (radius=13m) circular sample plots in
total 75 plots from each forest management ecosystem by using random sampling; and 5
subplots were also chosen from (radius=1m) each plots. Canonical correspondence analysis
(CCA) was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was also conducted. Result of
regression analysis found that FB is highly positive effect of environmental variables followed by
RF and LNP on species distribution. Result of CCA ordination method revealed that LNP was
influenced by organic matter (OM); RF was influenced by organic carbon (OC) and elevation (E);
and FB was influenced by pH, K and disturbance (D). The study showed strongly significant
differences of stand characteristics of tree species are influenced by variables in different forest
management ecosystems. Our study is recommended that identify the most important
environmental and disturbance variables that drive stand characteristics of tree species in the
different forest management ecosystems of Bangladesh as well as similar ecosystem areas.
Keywords: richness, disturbance, national park, reserve forest, CCA.
34
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET REGION
Saha, S. R., Islam, A. F. M. S., Hasan, M. M., Rob, M. M.
Sylhet Agricultural University.
e-mail: [email protected]
An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Sylhet Agricultural University from May to
October 2013 comprising of 8 okra cultivars viz. BARI Dherosh-1 (control), Orka Onamika,
Bankim, Durga, JO (Japanese okra)-1, JO-2, JO-3 and JO-4. This study was intended to select
the superior okra cultivar(s) based on yield performance in acidic soil conditions. The experiment
was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and all the
cultivars were evaluated in relation to yield and yield attributes. Significant variations were
observed in almost all parameters. Results revealed that high yielding cultivars JO-3 and Bankim
produced largest fruits, however maximum number of fruits and fruit setting (%) were exhibited by
the latter. The cultivars JO-1 and JO-4 showed maximum fruit weight but JO-4 provided highest
fruit diameter. The cultivars Bankim followed by JO-3 & JO-4 were evaluated to be promising
cultivars at Sylhet regions considering overall performances regarding yield and yield attributes.
Keywords: lady's finger, flower production, yield performance, promising cultivars, acid soil.
35
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum
binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F. EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE)
Haque, E., Sohel, S.I., Akhter, S., Ullah, H., Rana, P.
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.
e-mail: [email protected]
The impact of climate change on ecosystems, especially at the species level, can be currently
observed in many parts of the world. Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to
predict the likely changes in the distribution of species in future climate change scenarios. The
aim of the present study is to predict the effect of climate change on a valuable threatened tree
species Dysoxylum binectariferum in the northeastern part of Bangladesh using the maximum
entropy (MaxEnt) model on species’ occurrence data. The future distribution of D. binectariferum
was predicted under two scenarios from the IPCC 5th assessment (RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) in
2050 and 2070. Model results showed that approximately 32% (2177 km2) of the studied area is
currently suitable for this species to grow. However, future predictions obtained by the model
projected a complete loss of suitable habitat for D. binectariferum in the studied area by both
2050 and 2070. Therefore, urgent measures are required for the conservation of D.
binectariferum in northeastern Bangladesh. The application of species distribution models to
simple inventory data (such as the occurrence of the species) may provide policymakers and
conservationists with a useful tool for the prediction of future distribution (at both local and
regional scales) of poorly known species with high preservation concerns.
Keywords: habitat distribution modeling, potential distribution areas, reintroduction, conservation.
36
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DIPTEROCARPS IN CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
Mohajan, B., Hossain, M. K.
Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh.
e- mail: [email protected] The study was conducted to assess the seed morphology, germination behavior and growth
performance of major dipterocarps (Dipterocarpus turbinatus, D. costatus, D. alatus, Anisoptera
scaphula, Shorea robusta and Hopea odorata) at Chittagong University campus. The fruit size,
wing length and breadth, nut length and breadth and weight differ from each other. Seed
orientation and sowing position significantly affect the germination and initial seedling growth
attributes among the species. D. turbinatus revealed highest germination percentage (91.7%),
germination speed (2.56), germination energy (42.31%), germination value (55.05) and seedling
vigor index (5967.83) in vertical half-buried position but mean germination time (14.27) and plant
percent (85%) was highest in horizontal full-buried position. Height and collar diameter of the
seedlings was not significant among the treatments. D. costatus showed highest germination
percentage (48.33%), germination speed (0.89), germination value (13.74) and plant percent
(38.33%) in vertical half-buried position but germination energy (17.50%) and seedling vigor index
(1949.50) was highest in vertical half-buried with wings position. A. scaphula revealed maximum
germination percentage (81.7%), germination speed (1.50), germination value (30.46) and
seedling vigor index (2198.89) in horizontal half-buried position but mean germination time
(11.38) and germination energy (30.69%) was highest in vertical full-buried and vertical half-
buried with wings position respectively. H. odorata revealed highest germination (93.3%),
germination value (83.33) and plant percent (83.3%) in horizontal full-buried position but
germination speed (1.81), germination energy (36.9%) and seedling vigor index (5683.4) was
highest in vertical half-buried position with wings. Maximum height (66.86 cm) and collar diameter
(9.8 mm) was found in vertical half-buried and vertical half-buried with wings position respectively.
The status of dipterocarp plantations in Chittagong University campus was also assessed. D.
turbinatus plantations volume/ha was highest (1040.5 m3) in 25 years plantation. In 14 years
mixed plantations, D. turbinatus show better growth than H. odorata, while 9 years old H. odorata
revealed better growth than D. turbinatus. 20 years old plantations attained highest dbh (18.97
cm) for H. odorata, followed by S. robusta (16.81 cm) and lowest dbh (15.49 cm) in D. turbinatus,
while maximum height was found in D. turbinatus (11.78 m) followed by H. odorata (11.74 m) and
minimum height in S. robusta (9.98 m). It is prevailed that in 3 years old plantation growth
performance of D. alatus was better than the Dipterocarpus turbinatus, D. costatus, Anisoptera
scaphula, Shorea robusta and Hopea odorata. Again in 3 month old plantation growth of D.
turbinatus was better than D. costatus, D. alatus, Anisoptera scaphula, Shorea robusta and
Hopea odorata. Therefore considering the early growth, timber value, available seeds sources
and all other aspects D. turbinatus and Hopea odorata may be recommended for large scale
plantation programs in the hilly areas of Chittagong University campus.
Keywords: dipterocarpaceae, seed morphology, seed sowing position, germination behavior,
growth performance.
37
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA
Ghadban, S., Ali, M.
Department of Forestry and Ecology – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria.
e-mail: [email protected]
Fire season and peak of fires varied from region to another (Lattakia province, al-Ghab, Hamah,
Edlib , and Tartous). Fire season in Lattakia province was a period of four months: July, August,
September, and October. Fire season peak in Lattakia was in October and September. Al-Ghab
fire season was a four-months period as in Lattakia, but the season started and ended earlier in
al-Ghab than in Lattakia. Fire season in al-Ghab was the duration of June, July, August and
September with a peak in July. A six-month fire season was observed in Hamah: May, June, July,
August, September, and October with a two months peak: June and July. In Edlib, fire season
consisted of two periods, the first and most sever period both in terms of fire occurrence and
spread was the months of June, July, August, and September, and the second and less severe
period was the months of May and October. Tartous fire season was a four months period: July,
August, September, and October with a peak in September and October. The majority of fires in
all regions occurred in the afternoons from noon to the hour of 18. The morning period (6-12)
came second to the afternoon period in terms of fire occurrence.
Keywords: fire season, season peak, peak of fires, duration, fire spread.
38
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SESSION V
MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY
Sara Uzquiano Pérez
CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS
Guillermo Jové
OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE
REGENERATION TECHINIQUES Pablo Fernández Rodríguez
USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING
TO STUDY A FOSSORIAL RODENT Juan Romairone
PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO
MEASURE THEM: FIELD EXPERIENCES Jorge Valbuena Castro
HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY
OF CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL Kharel Bikash
IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium
circinatum Raul Arcadio Fernández
39
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY
Uzquiano, S.1,2, Barbeito, I.3, Martínez, J.4, Riofrío, J.1,2, Bravo, F.1,2
1 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA, Palencia, Spain.
2 Department of Plant Production and Forestry Resources of Agrarian School of the University of Valladolid.
3 National Institute of Agronomic Research – INRA-LERFoB Centre de Nancy – Lorraine. Champenoux (France).
4 Laboratory of Architectural Photogrammetry. School of Architecture. University of Valladolid.
e-mail: [email protected]
Mixed forests are increasingly important due to its bigger productivity regarding pure forests.
Nevertheless this fact is barely tested with empirical data due the complexity of mixed forests.
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a device relatively recent applied in forest research
inventories, since it is able to provide us with the minimal error a view of the plots in 3D point
clouds. However, the extraction of each measure is time consuming and in many cases, difficult.
For this reason, is important to develop a methodology which speeds up the process so this tool
starts to be profitable in professional forest managements. In this study we have developed a
methodology combining several computer programs (Polyworks, CompuTree and Photoshop)
that allows us to obtain data in a semi-automatic manner and objectively in a mixed stand of
Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica in northern Spain. Our data have been evaluated on 20
trees of each species adjusting basic predictive models of variable (Crown volume, Diameter at
Breast Height (DBH), Crown ratio, and height at largest crown width) and expanded models to
evaluate the effect of the mixture on the each dendrometric variables. The results show that
through the methodology followed can be obtained good estimates of dendrometric studied
variables (except the crown ratio) but not for the expanded models, possibly due to the small
number of data. In addition, DBH TLS data were compared with caliper data by doing a simple
linear regression, where non significance differences between them were found. Thanks to this
work we have become familiar with the programs used in the data processing, which will allowing
us to conduct future studies on this mixed stand and thus, deepen the understanding of the
growth dynamics of mixed forests.
Keywords: stand, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pyrenaica, point clouds, inventories.
40
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS
Jové, G.1, Bogino, S.2, Bravo, F.1
1 Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible UVa – INIA. Avda de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia
2 Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Argentina)
e-mail: [email protected]
The caldenal is a xerophytic forest that shrives in the driest part of the Argentinean pampas
covering about 40 000 km2 mainly dominated by caldén (Prosopis caldenia Burkart Fabaceae)
trees one emblematic endemic species of the country history that today is threatened by
deforestation. Besides, global change adds the need of new information about its growth
dynamics and relationship with climate variables in order to predict its future behaviour. Standard
dendrochronological methods were applied on eighteen trees of caldén growing under two
contrasted densities, one without competition (about 1.6 trees•ha-1) and the other with a density
of about 414 trees•ha-1. Mean and cumulative radial growth curves were constructed. Growth
release throughout time and climate-growth association was analysed. Growth dynamic was
almost similar between both sampling sites. Growing rates -mean and cumulative radial growth-
were higher on the low-density stand (5.12 mm and 357 mm vs. 3.94 mm and 267 mm). Common
growth release during the fifties was detected in the low-density forest suggesting massive
deforestation. Trees from both stands were more vulnerable to temperature than to precipitation.
The Open-stand condition sometimes seemed to determine a different behaviour pattern on
climate-growth association. These results emphasize the value of dendroclimatic analysis in order
to improve the knowledge about tree-growth dynamics and its association with climate variables
under different growing conditions.
Keywords: dendrochronology; dendroclimatology; caldén; tree-ring; densities.
41
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE
REGENERATION TECHINIQUES
Fernández, P., Rugini E., Kuzminsky, E.
Università degli Studi della Tuscia
e-mail: [email protected]
During my collaboration period in Viterbo, the main goal in the research was improving the
maintenance in callus of two genotypes of white poplar from distinct geographical location in Italy:
6K3 and 14P11, calculating the regeneration percentage in different conditions, altering the
composition of the medium to observe which explant type was the best to preserve it as well. 6K3
was located in North Italy in no saline conditions, finding it about 400 meters over the sea level,
meanwhile 14P11 was situated in South Italy, close to the sea. These two genotypes were tested
in light and dark conditions and four explant types were used: leaf, petiole, internode and
internode longitudinally cut in the half. Besides, to ensure the variables that affect directly to
regeneration, it was compared rooted and unrooted material. All this planning was check in fifteen
different medium. Each of these had a growth regulator and a specific quantity. The main outline
was cultured in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium modified adding in the first trial 0,1 mg/L of
TDZ (Thidiazuron) and in the second one 1 mg/L of Z (Zeatin). The results said that medium with
Z makes regeneration appears faster than in TDZ ones. Also, based on the percentage, there is
more regeneration in Z than in TDZ medium. We could check that there are 96% of regeneration
in 6K3 genotype, light conditions and internode cut in the half explants. Moreover, in both media
were observed first the regenerated explants in the light than in the dark but it kept longer alive in
the last one although they looked brownish. If we talk about explant types, internode and
internode cut in the half were the ones which have more regeneration percentage, in some case
more than 90% ensured. However, leaf explants were really difficult to regenerate but it appeared
unexpected roots from the leaves cultured. Comparing genotypes, it was observed that 6K3
genotype produces more regeneration than 14P11, particularly in the dark, they have produced
more roots too but they turned yellow meanwhile the 14P11 samples kept the green colour.
Keywords: in vitro culture, morphogenesis, explants, regeneration percentage, medium.
42
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING TO STUDY A FOSSORIAL RODENT
Romairone, J 1, Luque - Larena, J.J 1,2, Jiménez, J 3, Mougeot, F 3
1 Dpto. Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. De Madrid 44, 34004, Palencia, Spain
2 Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (www.research4forestry.org)
3 Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
e-mail: [email protected]
Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling is a powerful tool to study elusive animal
and estimate population density, but has not yet been applied to the study of fossorial rodents.
Using this methodology, we estimated key population parameters of common voles (Microtus
arvalis) in an experimental plot located in an agricultural landscape NW Spain. In June 2016, a
total of 139 common voles, 41(30%) males and 98 (70%) females were captured, marked with
individual transponders and released at the capture point. The trapping grid 2.5 ha (132m x
195m) consisted of 124 modified-Sherman traps with a nest provided with bedding material and
baited with apple and fodder. Trapping sessions lasted eight days during two consecutive weeks
and traps were checked twice a day. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SERC) modelling was
applied to the collected data in order to get estimates of common vole population size (N), density
(D) and movements parameters (σ). We estimated population size (Mean ± SD = 481 ± 83),
density (187 ± 32 /ha), movement parameters for females (5.5 ± 0.67) and males (10.1 ± 1.2) as
well as the number of males (88.0 ± 15.0) and females (393.1 ± 80.4) in the population. We show
that the results obtained by a simpler Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) method underestimated
density whereas SECR estimates were closer to reality. Our study demonstrates that SECR
modelling can be a very useful and innovative tool to precisely characterize and monitor
populations of fossorial rodents, such as the common vole. Interestingly, in early spring the
female population size was almost 4.5 times bigger than that of males, which were more mobile
than females (50%). We suggest that the difference in movements may be related to the starting
of the mating season where female decrease their movements due to breeding while the males
increase their movements searching for females to mate with.
Keywords: capture-mark-recapture, multinomial SERC, population size, movements, Microtus
arvalis.
43
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM: FIELD EXPERIENCES
Valbuena-Castro, J.1,2
1 Ecohydraulic Applied Group (GEA), Agrofood Agricultural and Technological Centre (Itagra.ct) & University of Valladolid. Avda. Madrid, 44, Edificio A, 34004, Palencia (Spain).
2 Sustainable Forest Mangement Research Institute, UVa-INIA. Avda. Madrid, s/n, 34004, Palencia (Spain).
e-mail: [email protected]
During thousands of years, all around the world, humans have built a wide range of obstacles on
the rivers with different purposes. These obstacles had a very negative impact for the fish fauna.
The most frequent option to minimize or even eliminate this negative impact are the fish passes
also known as fishways. Especially the ones called pool and weir fish passes. Pool and weir
passes let fish swim upstream and downstream over the obstacle whenever they need, enabling
their free movements along the river without any assistance. Fish passes had been built on a
large scale already. Now scientific and technical community is evaluating their functionality to
ensure they offer their maximum benefits. A whole assessment process starts with a hydraulic
study that identifies the most important problems of the device and how to solve them. The
evaluation should also include a biological study that provide us with information about the real
effectiveness of the structure. However, because of the complexity of the biological studies, in
most of situations biological procedures are not carried out and fish passes only are evaluated by
hydraulic criteria. In addition, these studies are developed following various methods and
attending to different parameters and variables creating confusion. This work aim to establish
how to assess all the pool and weir fish passes in the field with the minimum resources. To do
this, we explain which are and how to measure the most important design (connection between
pools and their dimensions, …) topographical (difference between cross-walls, …) and hydraulic
parameters (difference in water level between pools, water depth, ...). All these are necessary to
analyze the suitability of these structures for fish from a hydraulic point of view.
Keywords: fishway, evaluation, performance, functionality, river continuity.
44
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY OF CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL
Kharel, B., Kandel, D., Bhattarai, B., Shrestha, P. B.
Research center: Kathmandu Forestry College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
e-mail: [email protected]
In one hand the habitat of Mega herbivores have been fragmented and degraded and in the other
this has resulted in a phenomenon called human elephant conflict. Therefore, frequent
encounters with humans, their crops and properties have caused human-elephant conflicts which
has negative effects on both elephant and the human. This study aimed at exploring the human-
elephant conflict in terms of crop damage, property damage, livestock depredation and human
casualties, conflict mitigation measures applied and the perception of local people towards the
elephant conservation. It studied. The study was conducted in 5 wards of Madi municipality,
Chitwan, Nepal. For this study household questionnaire surveys, key informants interview,
secondary data and analysis of the reported cases of damage between years 2009-2014 A.D.
was done. The study reveals that the 114 incidents of crop damage were reported during this
period. Among the crop damaged paddy was the most damaged crop. There was no direct
evidence of livestock depredation but elephants indirectly harmed the livestock by destroying their
sheds. Property damage (41.5%) was another reported damage in the study area. There were
human casualties causing 8 deaths of the local people in the study area. It was studied that
people used different mitigation measures for reducing human elephant conflict. Among those
mitigation measures community protection and Machan guard was highly practiced. Although the
most effective measure was the electric fencing less number of people in the study area used this
measure because of the unavailability of electricity and other economic constraints. In spite of the
severe cost the people are paying due to elephant conflict, the perception of majority of people
towards elephant and its conservation was positive.
Keywords: conflict, damage, mitigation, perception.
45
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium circinatum
Fernández-González, R.A., Martínez-Álvarez, P., Diez Casero, J.J.
Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid – INIA, Avenida Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain.
Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, University of Valladolid, Avenida Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain.
e-mail: raularcadio.ferná[email protected], [email protected]
Pitch canker disease, which affects pines and is caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum,
cannot be effectively controlled at present. Current restrictions on the use of chemicals and
fungicides in forests are driving research into alternative methods of reducing the damage caused
by the pathogen. Biological control with fungal endophytes is a promising and environmentally
friendly strategy. In a previous study, 154 endophyte isolates were selected from a collection of
546 fungi tested in a preliminary confrontation assay. These isolates were then tested against F.
circinatum in an in vitro antagonism experiment. Four different types of indicators (length of the
central axis of the colony of the pathogen, the shape coefficient, percentage inhibition of radial
growth and percentage inhibition zone) were used to detect and quantify the antagonistic activity
directed towards the pathogen by the endophytes. The six isolates that showed the most
promising results were inoculated in the field, together with the pathogen, into seedlings of Pinus
radiata, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster, P. nigra and P. pinea, to test whether they could reduce the
damage caused by F. circinatum. In total, 138 endophytes displayed antagonistic activity towards
F. circinatum in the dual cultures of the in vitro experiment. In the field test, the endophytes
Chaetomium aureum and Alternaria sp. reduced the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)
for the P. radiata seedlings, indicating that they may therefore be suitable for use as biological
control agents (BCAs) of the disease.
Keywords: pitch canker disease, field test, inoculation, biological control agents.
46
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SESSION VI
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST
N. Alejandra Estevez
APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE:
CASE STUDY OF MAAMORA FOREST Koffi Dodji Noumonvi
THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM
ECOSYSTEMS Danilo Reis Gonçalves
GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN
CONSERVATION PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST LANDSCAPE
Alisa Reiss
POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS
Ignacio Martín Andrés
WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP? Noelia López García
47
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST
Estevez, N. A., Reque, J.
MEDFOR, University of Valladolid
e-mail: [email protected]
Mangrove forests are among the most threatened and most delicate tropical ecosystems in the
world. Despite threats like development, overharvesting, climate change and other factors,
mangrove ecosystems contribute to improved fisheries, protect from coastal erosion and are a
significant source of raw materials for construction and other purposes. Unfortunately, these
benefits have long been undervalued and the rate of mangrove loss continues to be very high,
with an estimated 100,000 hectares globally per year. This brings us to the question – How can
the value of mangrove forests be recognized and what can make them be placed in priority within
protection policies and restoration goals? To date, there have been few studies that examine the
phytoremediation potential of mangroves. In an area like the Gulf Coast, where a majority of
mangrove species thrive and where seven out of the ten largest oil spills in U.S. history have
occurred, phytoremediation as well as other remediation techniques can be highly beneficial and
serve as an inexpensive in-situ contaminant filtration system. The application of this technique or
a combination of them can mean reducing biodiversity loss, food chain contamination and further
health risks. In one of the literature reviews, a pilot-scale experiment using species Rhizophora
Mangle L. is analyzed and it is hypothesized to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in
mangrove sediment. Results show that remediation was enhanced with the largest growth of
bacteria in its rhyzosphere. This implies that mangrove forests are highly valuable and must
become a priority of conservation and restoration efforts through policy. Although, the case
studies examined show positive results, there is room for further research in potential remediation
by other mangrove species and with other contaminants.
Keywords: mangroves, water remediation, coastal contamination treatment, oil spill
management, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH’s).
48
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE:
CASE STUDY OF MAAMORA FOREST
Noumonvi, K. D., Mounir, F.
Ecole Nationale Forestière d’Ingénieurs (ENFI-Morocco)
e-mail: [email protected]
Once completely covered with cork oak, half of Maamora forest has been reforested with other
species, mainly Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pine. This is the result of many management strategies
that have been called upon since 1951. The progressive conversion of the forest is happening
after many regeneration failures of the original species (cork oak) faced by forest managers in
many parts of the forest. We consider that climate change might have something to do with this.
Assuming that the consideration of the vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate change would
help in future management strategies, this work considered 4 changing factors namely
biophysical, climatic, anthropogenic and silvicultural factors to assess the vulnerability. Each of
these factors has been mapped considering its individual components. The 4 groups of factors
have been weighted and integrated, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the different
weights, to have the synthetic vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate change initially in 2010
as reference and then in 2045 after projecting changing factors and considering the RCP
scenarios 4.5 (1) said optimistic and 8.5 (2) said pessimistic. The resulting vulnerability map
shows that the most continental forest ecosystems are the most vulnerable to climate change,
justifying why cork oak almost disappeared in the cantons D and E of the forest. This effect of
continentality is more noticed in the predicted vulnerability at the horizon 2045. It should be noted
that the synthetic vulnerability of no group of the forest is null. The groups with low vulnerability
accounted for 53% of the forest area in 2010 compared with only 11% in 2045 with the first
scenario. Every group would become moderately or highly vulnerable to climate change with the
second scenario in 2045.
Keywords: vulnerability, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), multi-criteria spatial analysis, climate
change.
49
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM ECOSYSTEMS
Gonçalves, D. R1., Balci, Y2
1 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
2 University of Maryland, USA.
e-mail: [email protected]
The aim of this work was to evaluate leaves of seven different forest species as baits to isolate
Phytophthora from a stream in College Park, MD, USA. Additionally to this, the infection capability
of Phytophthora in dried and fresh baits as well as the capability to grow in media containing the
fungicide hymexazol were evaluated. The experiment had two sample periods, one during the
summer and other during the autumn in 2012. Leaves of seven different species (Pinus strobus,
Tsuga canadensis, Ilex opaca, Rhododendron maximum, Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum and Ulmus
americana) were selected and collected in the campus of the University of Maryland at College
Park, USA. Four experiments trials were performed during the summer and four during the
autumn. Four leaves of each species were used as fresh baits and four as dried baits after being
dried in an oven (60°C for 24 hours). Once the baits were prepared, it was placed in a mesh bag
and submerged in a stream located in the campus and collected after five days. In the laboratory,
leaves were washed under tap water to remove any organic matter and posteriorly, in each leaf,
seven sections were chosen randomly and were cut and placed in two different types of V8
media: one containing the fungicide hymexazol and other antibiotics and the other with all the
antibiotics except hymexazol (10 µg mL−1 pimaricin, 200 µg mL−1 ampicillin, 10 µg mL−1
rifampicin, 25 µg mL−1 pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), 50 µg mL−1 nystatin and 50 µg mL−1
hymexazol). Petri dishes were incubated for three days in a temperature of 21°C and after that
the number of Phytophthora colonies was counted. The different compositions of the media used
for isolation did not influence in the number of Phytophthora colonies suggesting their tolerance to
this fungicide. In general, it was observed in both experiment trials that Phytophthora species
were able to colonize both fresh and dried baits confirming their behavior as saprophytes in
stream ecosystems. The conifers P. strobus L. (White Pine) and T. canadensis L. (Hemlock) were
the species which yielded the lower isolation rates during summer and autumn while the broad-
leaved A. rubrum L. (Red Maple) and U. americana L. (American Elm) were the species which
resulted in the higher isolation rates both for fresh and dried baits and in both sampling periods.
Keywords: forest pathology, water, bioindicator.
50
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN CONSERVATION PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST
LANDSCAPE
Reiss, A.
Review of the LIFE-Montserrat project, Miñambres L. (project manager)
Provincial Council of Barcelona, Government of Catalonia, Association of Forest Owners of Montserrat Surroundings (APFEM), Foundation Catalonia - La Pedrera
e-mail: [email protected]
A major problem in mediterranean landscapes are forest fires, which face a concerning rise in number and
intensity due to lacking forest management activities. This happens because of rural population drifting to
cities and leaving their properties and forests abandoned, which leads to a risky fuel load accumulation.
Generally, the goal to reduce fire risk is achieved by the disconnection of the vertical and horizontal wood
fuel load. An exemplary approach with traditional tools shows the 4-year lasting LIFE-Montserrat project in
the province of Barcelona, North-Eastern Spain, which links two Natura 2000 sites. The project area has
2,800 ha within a forested area (64%) of 42,000 ha, with the Montserrat mountain it its middle. Beside the
conservation of biodiversity, the main objective is to shift the forest structure to be more fire resistant, done
by operational measures and the application of silvopasture with cattle. A forest management plan
concerning forest restoration and pastoral management was developed and implemented, to recover the
mix of forests and pastures, which have suffered from major forest fires in the recent years. So far in the
third project year, forests are at different stages of being converted to less risky, and some areas still lack
regeneration. Two problems had been identified so far, specifically the problem of some forest grazing
grounds being too much covered by branches, which creates problems to the cattle for moving and
feeding on herbs. Secondly it turned out, that fodder from silvopasture is not sufficient to feed the cattle
through the entire year which leads to the need to move the herds to other grazing grounds. Though there
are some issues that make the pastoral work intensive, it is already clear that it is a practicable and
efficient way to approach the need for the fuelwood reduction. In comparison to mechanized operations,
grazing with livestock has less damages on soils, less emissions and is more convenient. It is obvious,
that on an overall level more measures must be implemented to get private forest owners together, to
transfer know-how related to reducing fire risk and to make the necessary operations attractive to forest
owners, in order to tackle the forest fire issue in Spain.
Keywords: silvopasture, fire risk, forest management, protection, Natura 2000.
51
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS
Martín-Andrés1, 2, I; López-Carcelén1, O.; Turrión1, M.B.; Olaizola-Suarez2, J.
1Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. ETS de Ingenierías Agrarias, University of Valladolid & INIA
2IDforest, Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada S.L. 34003. Palencia, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Amongst the advantages of mixed forests over pure forests stands out their higher biodiversity.
This higher biodiversity provides them a greater capacity of reaction against destructive episodes
like forest fires. After these fires, besides the destruction caused by the fire itself, pollutants like
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are generated. These pollutants are highly dangerous for
organisms owing to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In these situations, the
fungal diversity, typical of mixed forests, becomes important; this is because amongst the native
fungi of the soil exist some, like the white rot fungi, that are able to break down a wide range of
organic pollutants structurally similar to lignin, thanks to the release of extracellular lignolytic
enzymes. This ability shows an interesting potential for its use in industry, as this kind of
substances, produced after forest fires, are also very common environmental pollutants. These
pollutants are usually released in oil spills and they are very persistent due to their hydrophobic
nature and low vapor pressure. This sort of process that allows to restore polluted environments
through the use of organisms is named bioremediation. In order to survive in the soil and carry
out the degradation of the pollutants, the white rot fungi require some kind of lignocellulosic
substrate as a carbon source to obtain energy. Amongst the materials suitable for this role, there
are forest and agricultural residues. This investigation focuses on the search and isolation of fungi
belonging to mixed forests of Quercus pyrenaica and Pinus sylvestris, altered and unaltered by
forest fires, and the comparison with their equivalents in pure forests. It also attempts to establish
the relations between the soil characteristics and its fungal inhabitants, and to analyse the fungal
capacity to metabolize different pollutants common in burned forest and industrial soils. Finally,
this project aims to develop the optimal substrate for the growth and the degradative activity of
the fungi. To achieve these objectives, the fungal communities of plots located in pure forest and
mixed forest will be studied and compared. In addition, the tolerance of the fungi to organic
pollutants present in the soil after forest fires and its ability to metabolize them will be studied, in
order to extrapolate it to the bioremediation of polluted industrial soils. Finally, several forest and
agricultural materials will be tested to get the most appropriate substrate for the fungal activity.
Keywords: biodiversity, mycoremediation, pollutants, hydrocarbons, fires.
52
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP?
Gracia, C.A.1,2, Sabate, S.1,2, Tello, E.2
1 Departament d’ Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona. CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals). Avgda. Diagonal, 645. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
2 Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF). Edifici Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
e-mail: [email protected]
This study aimed to search the effect of various climatic change scenarios over a 50 year period
on plots managed by a range of thinning intensities. For this purpose, it has been considered
GOTILWA model, which is a forest growth model that has been implemented to simulate the
forest growth processes and to explore how these processes are influenced by climate, tree and
stand structure, management techniques, soil properties and climate change. Subsequently, and
in order to determine how management practises can modify the effect of climatic change on
Mediterranean Forests, it had been integrated field experiments and the results of the GOTILWA
model so as to take into account both water fluxes and forest structure interactions. The results
show that the positive effects of atmospheric CO2 fertilisation, causing an increase in water use
efficiency (WUE), neutralise the negative effects of both, temperature increase and rainfall
decrease. Furthermore, thinning might attenuate the effects of adverse conditions by reducing
both leaf respiratory costs and the foliage turnover rate.
Keywords: quercus ilex l, thinning management, modelling, mediterranean forest, climate change.
53
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN
ESMERALDAS CITY´S VICINITY (ECUADOR)
Ainhoa Iñiguez Soto
FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE (MONCAYO NATURAL PARK)
Sergio Pérez Goyeneche
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE STUDY
Silvia García García
54
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN ESMERALDAS CITY´S VICINITY (ECUADOR)
Iñiguez-Soto, A., Vallejo, A.
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz
e-mail: [email protected]
The contamination of the water have an impact in the ecosystems, producing several changes in
the communities and organisms. The study of these organisms as bioindicators can provide
information about the quality of the water. In this study we analyse the marine environment in the
surroundings of Esmeraldas city (Ecuador), that is influenced by Esmeraldas river, harbour and
fishery activities and one oil terminal. The study was carried out between May and June of 2016.
Marine sediments were taken in nine different points and one point of control. These sediments
were extracted for the analysis of benthonic macroinvertebrates, which were identified and
counted. We calculated the biotic index and we determined the ecological quality of the water
using AMBI “AZTI Marine Biotic Index” software. We found a high number of species within the
sampling area. The dominance of species which tolerate a moderate pollution in the environment
in the Station 5, the Commercial Port, the PAPES and the mouth of the Esmeraldas River
increase the biotic index. This suggests that the quality of the water is worse than in the rest of
the sampling points. However, we haven´t found species that tolerate high pollution levels and
there aren´t sampling points where the biotic index indicate a moderate pollution level of the
water. Given the fact that our samples were from a tropical system and that the oil structures
seemed to have a positive effect of on biodiversity, the results that we observed were better than
those initially expected.
Keywords: macroinvertebrate, ecologic quality, marine environment, diversity, biotic index.
55
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE (MONCAYO NATURAL PARK)
Pérez Goyeneche, S., Rodríguez Pérez, J. R., Tizado Morales, E. J.
University of Leon
e-mail: [email protected]
Most of the breeding areas of the small sedentary population of Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax
rusticola in the Peninsula Iberica is unknown. Some work has been performed in the north face of
the Cantabrian Mountains (Asturias, Northern Spain) of atlantic climate, while in areas of
mediterranean climate the actual situation is unknown. This is the case of Moncayo Natural Park
located to the west of Aragon, here didn´t exist breeding information since 1976. The objective of
this study was to investigate the factors that condition the habitat in breeding period in this area of
mediterranean climate, also to study their breeding characteristics. In the first place in the year
2015 I did a census data of roding activity, that with existing bibliography I used to select the
factors that have conditioned the potential habitat. With the potential habitat I have created a
specific sampling grid for this area. In the year 2016 I did a census data of roding activity using
the specific sampling grid. The percentage of positive points changed from 20% in 2015 to 62,5
% in 2016. The Woodcock has occupied forest of Pinus sylvestris (n=3), Fagus sylvatica (n=1)
and mixed forest of Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pyrenaica and Betula ssp (n=1). The occupied
forest by Woodcock have abundant underbrush or vegetation structure would offer protection
agains predators. Sites selected by Woodcock was above 1000 m and at places of not-direct
sunligh. Taking everything into account I propose that the food (earthworms) and protection from
predators are the factors that condition of Woodcock and not only the vegetation. Therefore in
areas withh mediterranean climate the Woodcock select forest at higher altitudes than areas with
atlantic climate moreover at places of not-direct sunligh as they are the zones with edaphic
moisture to host earthworm. The roding characteristics doesn´t differ from that recorded in the
rest of the country so the climatic region doesn´t influence.
Keywords: woodcock, mediterranean climate, roding, earthworm, potential habitat.
56
XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS
CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016
SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE STUDY
García García, S., Rico González, M.
University of Valladolid. Campus-Yutera. Avda. Madrid 44, 34017. Palencia. Spain
e-mail: [email protected]
Cerrato´s Region, located in the southeast of the province of Palencia (Castilla y León, Spain),
occupies an area of 171.080 ha, which forestry area represents 23,74 % of the total, whithin more
than the 84% of the forestry area. In this region, Holm oak (Quercus ilex) and Gall oak (Quercus
faginea) forests, represent more than the 58% of the tree-covered area. From the socio-economic
point of view, it is an eminently rural zone, characterized by a severe decline and a demographic
aging and a low population density. Nowadays the service and the construction are the main
activities sectors in this area, and the agrarian activity is becoming less important. In this context,
the main goal of this research is to design a sustainable forest management strategy for the Holm
and Gall oak forest of this region. In order to achieve this goal, a social participation process has
been carried out, constituted by a representative group of agents related to the forest sector of
the area. From the methodological point of view, qualitative (deep interview and close question)
and quantitative methods (Analytic Hierarchy Process –AHP-) have been used. The results have
allowed us to raised proposals to implement a sustainable strategy based on agro-sylvo-pastoral
model to benefit the management of the different resources of the region taking account the
population´s priorities. This management model expects to generate both direct benefit, as a
higher income and employment in the forestry sector or the consolidation of the importance of the
forest as an protective element of the environment, and indirect benefits that will have
consequences in the local population and the society in general, such as development of
participatory forest management models, dynamism to rural areas, and new work opportunities in
related sectors, setting the population and achieving the well-being of society.
Keywords: stakeholders, public participation, sustainability, analytic hierarchy process, cerrato palentino (Castilla y León).