Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Machavelli wrote THE PRINCE. The theme of this book is often described with the statement “The End Justifies the Means.’
_______________________________________________________________________________
A prince, then, who would be powerful should have no care or thought but for war, lest he lose his dominions. If he be ignorant of military affairs he can neither be respected by the soldiers nor trust them. Therefore, he must both practice and study this art. For the practice, the chase in many respects provides an excellent training both in knowledge of the country and in vigour of the body. As to study, a prince should read histories, note the actions of great men and examine the causes of their victories and defeats, imitating those who have been renowned.
Anyone who would act up to a perfect standard of goodness in everything must be ruined among so many who are not good. It is essential therefore for a prince to have learn how to be other than good and to use, or not to use, his goodness as necessity requires.
Th
e "The Art of War" by Sun TzuThe art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a r More Victorious warriors win first and then go to war, while defeated warriors go to war first and then seek to win.
If your opponent is of choleric temperament, seek to irritate him.
A military operation involves deception. Even though you are competent, appear to be incompetent. Though effective, appear to be ineffective.
http://media.maps.com/magellan/Images/WRLH066-H.gif
-Italian Renaissance (Rebirth) (referred to the rediscover of knowledge of the classical ages.)
****Classical Societies were the Greeks and Romans*****
-Northern Italian city states became wealthy and began PATRONIZE the arts as well as initiate building projects
+Venice became wealthy from SHIPBUILDING and TRADE
+Milan became wealthy from agriculture, manufacturing weapons, and producing silk
+Florence became wealthy from banking and cloth production
https://youtu.be/vknTH2E7-EI
-Lorenzo Medici (Florence) was a famous poet and patron of the arts (Machiavelli dedicated the THE PRINCE to him)
+Banker who financed and commissioned many buildings
+Brunelleschi was the architect of ‘Brunelleschi’s Dome’ it was funded by Cosmo Medici
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
__________________________________________________________________________________
Castiglione diplomat who wrote The Courtier
-guided book on how to act at court.
-made suggestions about manners, and dress.
-suggested that courtiers should be well versed in Latin, and Greek history and the arts
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a courtier must be both a soldier and a scholar.
a proper courtier must be brave, loyal, and undaunted, and must maintain a balance between fierce, warlike behavior and courtly
manners. That is, he must be a more than average scholar, with knowledge of Greek and Latin, acquainted with the poets, skilled at writing both verse and prose, but reserved rather than forward in his personality, avoiding affectation no matter how great his achievements
Women, on the other hand, should be soft and delicate, with an air of femininity (not at all masculine). Given that virtues of mind are appropriate for women as they are for men, it is also as important for women as for men to be of good family, to avoid affectation, to be graceful, well mannere d, clever and prudent, to be neither proud, envious nor evil-tongued, nor vain, contentious nor clumsy, to know how to keep favor with their mistress (at court), to perform sports suitable for women, to be good looking, and to be circumspect about their reputations.
Copernicus
-His work indicated that the Sun (heliocentric) was at the center of the universe.
-The Catholic Church’s official stance was that the Earth (Geocentric) was at the center of the universe
Nicholas Copernicus-1536, Cardinal Nikolaus von Schönberg, Archbishop of Capua, wrote to Copernicus from Rome:
Some years ago word reached me concerning your proficiency, of which everybody constantly spoke. At that time I began to have a very high regard for you... For I had learned that you had not merely mastered the discoveries of the ancient astronomers uncommonly well but had also formulated a new cosmology. In it you maintain that the earth moves; that the sun occupies the lowest, and thus the central, place in the universe... Therefore with the utmost earnestness I entreat you, most learned sir, unless I inconvenience you, to communicate this discovery of yours to scholars, and at the earliest possible moment to send me your writings on the sphere of the universe together with the tables and whatever else you have that is relevant to this subject ...[71
Heliocentric-The sun is at the center of the universeGalileo-supported the Heliocentric view of the solar system rather than the church’s Geocentric view. Galileo had improved the telescope and used it to support the COPERNICAN model. Galileo was eventually force to recant his assertions and was placed under house arrest. (1st Period)
Humanism-A doctrine, attitude, or way of life centered on human interests, values and achievement.
Secular-worldly: not overtly or specifically religious
Perspective-a painting technique that gives the illusion of distance and three dimensions to a two dimensional surface.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEymIyLbiAI
Write the name of any painting, sculpture, or architect show and be able to recognize it and specify the person that created it.
Leonardo Da Vinci- the Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
Raphael-The School of Athens
Renovated the interior of the Pantheon
Michelangelo
David
Pieta
Sistine Chapel
Bramante (architect)Saint Peters
Northern Renaissance
Albrecht Durer (Nuremburg, Germany)+Went to Italy to learn PERSPECTIVE style of painting+Famous for Wood Carvings and Etching on Copper. (used to make prints) +Also painted using oil based paint
Gutenberg Printing Press-Invented by Johannes Gutenberg-Used moveable type (letters)-Before this books were copied by hand (very expensive)-First book printed (Gutenberg Bible)
-Northern German Cities were becoming wealthy because of trading networks made possible by the Hanseatic League. The
member cities had lighthouses manned with soldiers to protect maritime commerce
Erasmus (Christian Humanism) –Emphasized Church Life Stripped of Ritual.
Sir Thomas More- Utopia (More criticized the English Government, and gave his vision of a perfect society)
William Shakespeare- English playwright who wrote giving tremendous realism to his characters; today people still are captivated by his stories. Many feel he is the greatest Renaissance Playwrite.
Chritine de Pisan- The City of Women (She championed women’s rights.)
Jan van Eyck- painter of landscapes and domestic life. From the Netherlands. He developed a style of painting that would become the trademark of the Flemish School of the Northern Renaissance.
