Textile Spinning, Weaving, Finishing and Printing

7/25/2019 Textile Spinning, Weaving, Finishing and Printing

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Textile Spinning, Weaving,

Finishing and Printing



Textile industry is one of the few basic

industries which is characterized as a necessary

component of human life. One may classify it as

a more glamorous industry but whatever it is it

provides with the basic requirement called

clothes. Spinning is the process of converting

cotton or manmade fibre into yarn to be used for

weaving and knitting.

INTRODUCTION




Weaving is a method of textile production in

which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are

interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or

cloth. Finishing refers to the processes that

convert the woven or knitted cloth into a

usable material. Printing is the process of

applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or

designs.




The textile industry occupies an important

position in the total volume of merchandise

trade across countries. Developing countries

account for little over two-third of world

exports in textiles and clothing. It is the

second largest employer after agriculture

providing employment to over 45 million

people directly and 60 million people

indirectly.




The future for the textile industry looks promising

buoyed by both strong domestic consumption as

well as export demand.

This book is based on the latest technology

involved in textile industry which describes the

processes available at the spinning and fabric

forming stages coupled with the complexities of the

finishing and colouration processes to the

production of wide ranges of products.




The major contents of the book are dyeing of

textile materials principles of spinning process

preparatory to spinning principles of weaving

textile chemicals yarn preparation weaving

and woven fabrics knitting and knit fabrics

nonconventional fabrics cellulosics mixed

fibers printing compositions printing

processes transfer dyes transfer inks etc.




It describes the manufacturing processes and

photographs of plant machinery with

suppl r’s contact details.

It will be a standard reference book for

professionals entrepreneurs textile mill

owners those studying and researching in this

important area and others interested in the

field of textile industry.




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Table of Contents

1. The Dyeing Of Textile Materials

MordantsAssistants

DyestuffsIndigoThe Ingrain DyesWater Used in DyeingInterdependence of ProcessesProcesses Preliminary to Dyeing


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Wool Scouring“Boiling-off” Silk

Cotton BleachingWool Dyeing ProcessesDyeing of Loose WoolSlubbing (Silver)

Yarn DyeingPiece Dyeing“Woaded Colours”Blacks on Wool

Dark Blues, Greens, and Browns on WoolCotton Dyeing ProcessesFast Blacks on Cotton




Fast Colours on CottonBasic Colours on Cotton

Dyeing of Mercerized CottonUnion Dyeing ProcessesSilk Dyeing ProcessesThe Dyeing of Artificial Silk

Colour MatchingFastness Properties of Dyes

2. THE PRINCIPLES OF SPINNING

Long Fibre SpinningShort Fibre Spinning




3. PROCESS PREPARATORY TO SPINNING

Four Methods of Preparing Vegetable Fibres for Spinning

Four Methods of Preparing Animal Fibres for SpinningTwo Methods of Silk PreparationTypical Example of the Method of Preparing and Spinnig

A Textile Material (China-grass or Ramie)Preparatory MachinesThe Cotton GinThe Washing or Scouring Machine

The DryerThe Cotton Scutcher




The Flax ScutcherThe BackwasherThe Preparing Gill-box

The CarderThe DresserThe CombThe Drawing-box

The Cone Drawing-box.The French Drawing-box

4. THE PRINCIPLES OF WEAVING

Group-unit WeavingShedding




PickingBeating-upLetting-off and Taking-upThe Boxing MechanismThe Stop-rod and Loose-reed MechanismThe Weft-fork Mechanism

The Warp-stop MechanismThe Spooling or Shuttling Mechanism

5. THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING AND COLOURING

MaterialsInterlacing




The Use of Point-paperColour

Figure Designing6. THE PRINCIPLES OF FINISHING

Finishing Processes and Machines

Mending, Knotting and BurlingScouringMillingCrabbing

SteamingDyeing




Washing-offDrying

TenteringBrushing and RaisingCropping or CuttingSingeing

PressingCalenderingSchreincringFilling

ConditioningWaterproofingGeneral Notes




7. TEXTILE CHEMICALS

Indian Demand

Demand for Bleaching AgentsTextile Bleach FormulationIndustry Trends and Success FactorsOutlook and Opportunities

Fluorescent Whitening AgentSector of ApplicationsUsage PatternIndustry Trends and Success Factors

Outlook and OpportunityFlame Retardants




Halogenated CompoundsNon Halogenated CompoundsApplicationSector of ApplicationsBleaching AgentsUse of Various Bleaching Agents on

Textile FibresHydrogen PeroxideSodium Hydrosulphite (Hydros)Sodium Hypochlorite

Application and FormulationsBleaching AssistantsChelating Agents




Fatty Alcohol EthoxylateCarboxy Methyl CelluloseDemandAcrylatesIndustry Treands and Success FactorsPattern of Use and Formulation - Starch/

Modified-StarchThe Spin Finish Compositions for Polyester and Polya Ide yarn

White OilIndustry Trends and Success Factors

Warp SizesSector of Applications for Sizing Agents




Filament YarnsStaple or Spun Yarn

Starch/Modified StarchDemandPolyvinyl AlcoholOperations Involved in the Use of the

Textile ChemicalsClassification of Textile ChemicalsClassification Based on Use PatternGroup Classification

Yarn LubricantsSpin Finishing Agent




8. GLOBAL SCENARIO FOR TEXTILE CHEMICALS

Consumption Pattern of Textile Chemicals

Estimated Global Market for TextileChemicalsEstimated Markets for Textile Chemicals in the Asia-pacific Region (2001)

Estimated Consumption of Textile Chemical in DifferentRegionsCategories of Textile Chemicals Value(In Millions of Dollars)Us Market for Textile ChemicalsIndustry Trends and Success Factors




Outlook and OpportunitiesOxalic AcidPolyehtylene Glycol

Applications in Textile IndustrySilicone Oil/ Silicone EmulsionIndian Demand for Silicone Oil/ Emulsion inTextile SectorIndustry Trends and Successful FactorOutlook and OpportunitiesEmeu/Dmdheu

Industry Trends and Success FactorsSulphur BlackIndustry Trends and Outlook




Textile EnzymesCellulase/AmylaseClassification of Thickening Agent

Pigment BindersGuar GumSodium AlginateSodium/Zinc Formaldehyde SulphoxylateStyrene Butadiene Rubber - LatticesFormaldehyde Based ResinsIndustry Trends and Outlook

Indian ScenarioConsumption Pattern of Flame RetardentPrinting Auxiliary




9. YARN PREPARATION

IntroductionWindingQuill WindingWarpingSlashing or Warp Sizing

Drawing-In and Tying-In10. WEAVING AND WOVEN FABRICS

Introduction

Woven FabricsPlain Weave




Rib WeavesBasket WeavesTwill WeavesSatin WeavesDrawing-In Draft, Chain and Reed PlansCover Factor

Other Terms Related to Single FabricsWeavingSheddingFilling Insertion

Beat-upWarp and Fabric Control




The Weaving CycleWoven Fabric ProductionSecondary Mechanisms (Motions) In A

Power LoomWarp Stop MotionsFilling Stop MotionsWarp Protector MotionSelvage MotionBox MotionAutomatic Filling Transfer

Shuttleless LoomsIntroduction




IntroductionRapier LoomsProjectile (Gripper) LoomsFluid Jet LoomsNew Weaving Technologies - MultipleShed Looms

Filling Accumulation SystemsModification of the Salvege

11. KNITTING AND KNIT FABRICS

IntroductionKnitting Elements




Needles and Knitting ActionSinkers

Weft KnittingSingle KnittingSingle Knit FabricsDouble Knitting

Double Knit FabricsPurl Knit FabricsKnit, Tuck and Float LoopsWeft Knit Design

Stitch NotationWeft Knit Fabrics




Weft Knitted Fabric ProductionWarp KnittingIntroductionMajor Machine ClassificationKnitting ElementsWarp Knitting Action

Comparison between Tricot and RaschelWarp Knit DesignPoint Paper NotationSingle Bar Fabric

Two Bar FabricsWarp Knit Fabric Production




12. NONCONVENTIONAL FABRICS

IntroductionNonwoven Systems and FabricsChemically or Adhesively Bonded FabricsMechanically Bonded Fabrics

TuftingFlockingLaminated and Bonded FabricsWet Adhesive Bonding

Foam Flame Bonding




13. SYNTHETIC SUBSTRATES

Anthraquinones

Diverse synthetic substratesMonozao DyestuffsWater-Insoluble Monoazo DyestuffsMixture of Monoazo Dyestuffs for

PolyestersAzo Containing CompoundsWater-Soluble Disazo Dyestuffs forPolyamides

Gold and Orange Prints on PolyamidesAzocoumarinic Dyes for Hydrophobia




SyntheticsDyestuffs Tolerant to Temperature and pH

VariationsPrinting of Nickel-Containing Polyolefins

14. NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC SUBSTRATES

AnthraquinonesPolyfluoro Acid Anthraquinone Dyestuffs for PolyamidesFibre Reactive Anthraquinone CompoundsAminoan Thraquinone Reactive Disperse

DyesAzo Compounds




Naphtheylene and Tetrahydronaphthylene- containingAzo Dyestuffs

Monoazo Dyestuff Containing Fiber-Reactive GroupCold Water soluble Acid Dye CompositionsPolyvalent Metal and Azo-Barbituric Acid

Anionic and Cationic DyesFluid and Stable Dispersions of AnionicDyesHeterocyclic Cationic Dyestuffs

Water-soluble Quaternary AmmoniumPhenylazo Cationic Dyes




15. CELLULOSICS

Reactive DyesOrganic Dye with Phosphonic AcidMonofluorideAminonaphthyl Azobenzene Vinyl RectiveDyes

Phthalocyanine Reactive DyestuffsWater-Soluble Fiber-Reactive DyestuffsDisperse DyesFixation with Aliphatic Alcohols, Amines, or

AminoalcoholsAzo Dyes having Substituted




Coupling ComponentAcylating Cellulose Fibers

16. MIXED FIBERS

Polyester and WoolTone-in-Tone Dyeing of Polyester-Wool

BlendCellulosics and Synthetic PolyamidesMarked Reactive DyestuffSwellable Cellulosics and Synthetics

Ethoxylated Condensate of MonocarboxylicAcid and Hydroxyalkylamine




Water-soluble Solvent and Swelling AgentDisazo Dyes Derived from Amino-pyrazoleUnformed Disperse Dye and Swelling Agent

Cellulosics and SyntheticsUnformed Disperse Dye with Reactive DyeTextile Treated with Epoxy-group-containing CompoundsImpregnation with an AqueousCompositionBlends of Natural and Synthetic Fibers

17. PRINTING COMPOSITIONS

Printing Pastes with Developing Dyes




Improved Base Printing ProcessFormic Acid as Developing Medium forAzo DyesAuxiliary Agents in Print FormulationsHydroxyalkyl Carboxyalkyl CelluloseThickening Agent

Sodium Cellulose Sulfate as Thickening andAcid Fixing Agent

Additive for Pigmentary Printing PastesSalts of Diaryl Ether Sulfonic AcidsCarrier for Cationic Dyes

Dye Carrier Comprising Phenyl Cyclohexane andDerivatives




18. PRINTING PROCESSES

Fixation

Fixation with Vapor of Organic SolventDyestuffs for Methylene Chloride FixationProcessesImproved Fixation of Reactive Dyes on

Cellulose FibersContinuous Dyeing and Printing of PieceGoodsPrinting Heavy Pile Fabrics with Powder

PreparationsImproved Alignment of Printed Patterns

Uniform Heat setting of Continuous Synthet




Uniform Heat-setting of Continuous SynthetFilament GroupsVoluminous Substrate Rolled up with

Foramed DyeContinuous Printing Process by Direct LiquiFilm Transfer Method for Printing and FlockingSimultaneously

Sprayed Carriers for Continuous PrintFixation

19. TRANSFER DYES

AnthraquinonesAnthraquinone Ink Formulation




Anthraquinone Dyes for SyntheticsDeep Yellow Colors on Polyesters

Indolenine Methines for Acid-modifiedSyntheticsHeterocyclic Naphthalene DerivativesPrinting Polyacrylonitriles with Disperse

DyesDisperse Dyes Containing Carboxylic AcidGroupsHydrolyzable Silyl-substituted DyestuffsNitroacridone Dyestuffs




Heat Transfer Black Dyestuff AHeat Transfer Black Dyestuff BDyestuff Combinations for Long-Pile

Fabrics

20. TRANSFER INKS

Organic BaseCationic Dyes in Organic SolventsCarbinol Base of Cationic Dyestuff asDyestuff Intermediate

These Inks are characterized in that they contain at LeastSublimable Dyestuff Base on Acid-Modified






Transfer Inks for Household Use

Inks of High Filler Content

UV-curable Inks For Offset-printing

Transfers

21. PHOTOGRAPHS OF PLANT MACHINERY WITH

SUPPLIER’S CONT CT DET ILS

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Textile Spinning, Weaving, Finishing and Printing