622), as amended by the secoDd proviso of section 11 of the Act of March 1, 1919 (40 Stat. 1213, 1270; 44 U.S.C.. sec. I l l ) ; that part of section 1 of the Act of March 3, 1905 (33 Stat. 1156, 1213). which is codified as Forty-fourth United States Code, section 118; section 94 of the Act of January 12, 1895 (28 Stat. 601. 623; 44 U.S.C., sec. 219); that part of section 1 of the Act of March 3, 1905 (33 Stat. 1214, 1249), which is codified as Forty-fourth United States Code, section 219a; the first proviso of section 11 of the Act of March 1,1919 (40 Stat. 1213, 1270); section 8 of the Act of June 28, 1912 (37 Stat. 139, 184; 5 U.S.C., sec. 83); section 192 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (5 U.S.C. 102); and section 1779 of the Revised 'Statutes (5 U.S.C. 102).

Definitions

Sec. 12. As used in this Act— (a) "Research and development"

means theoretical analysis, exploration, and experimentation in any field of science (including but not limited to the mathe-

JL HE victory convention of the Ameri­can Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists was held on Jan. 3 to 5, 1946, at the Hotel Pennsylvania in New York City. Presentation of several papers on new developments in the textile field was made to this well-attended gathering of the industry. The meeting closed on Jan. 5 with the award of the Olney Medal of 1945 to Milton Harris, di­rector of research of Milton Harris Asso­ciates, at the association's annual banquet in the Grand Ballroom of the hotel. The medal, endowed by the Howes Publishing Co. and named after Louis A. Olney, first recipient of the award, is given each year for outstanding achievement in the field of textile chemistry. A. P. Howes, president of the Howes Publishing Co., made the formal presentation after Alban Eavenson, past president of the AATCC, spoke on "The Medal­ist—the Man", and H. A. Neville, director of the Institute of Research of Lehigh University, spoke on "The Medal· ist—the Scientist".

A large portion of the papers presented at the meeting concerned the remarkable contributions made by the industry in the recent war. The protection and comfort of the American military man in the varied climates to which he was exposed were accomplished by the development of fabrics and textile finishes which could meet extreme conditions of weather and wear.

In his· paper, "The Quartermaster Fights the Weather", W. M. Lee of the office of the Quartermaster General pointed out that in addition to the usual conditions of temperature, humidity,

matical, physical, biological, medical, and social sciences) ? and the extension of in­vestigative findings and theories of a scien­tific or technical nature into practical ap­plication, including the experimental pro­duction and testing of models and proces­sas.

(b) "Federally financed research and development" means research and de­velopment financed in whole or in part from funds designated for research and de­velopment by the Federal Government under a contract, grant, or other form of financial assistance.

(c) "Government agency" includes de­partments, independent agencies and commissions, corporations, and other in­strumentalities of the Federal Govern­ment.

(d) "Organizations" includes state and local government agencies, corporations, partnerships, nonprofit institutions, ana individuals.

(e) "Scholarships and fellowships" means stipends covering tuition and other fees/ and such living, travel, and other ex­penses as the Administrator may deter­mine.

light, wind, rain, snow, and ice the effect of alkaline dusts, salt spray, blown sand, and mildew had to be considered when designing the fabrics for the tentage and clothing of the armed forces. In the case of tentage the problem of flammabiiity had to be solved. The successful solution of this latter problem is shown by the fact that no deaths or injuries caused by burning tents were reported.

Extensive work was done in the field of water-repellent clothing. Prospe. t ive fab­rics were subjected to a series of laboratory tests which included wet abrasion, field laundering, dynamic equilibrium, and air permeability. Confirmation of these tests was then made on a rain course which had been installed at Camp Lee. Soldiers wearing clothing made from these ma­terials performed a basic set of maneuvers in a continuous artificial rainstorm com­ing from a series of 50-foot standpipes. The violence of the storm could be changed from a heavy downpour to a pene­trating drizzle. In this way, the actual wear conditions under which the fabrics would be used were simulated.

R. A. Pingree of the Warwick Chemical Co. discussed German work in the field of water-repellents. Their efforts were di­rected mainly toward decreasing the water-absorptive characteristics of rayon to the point of equaling cotton and wool. In addition to work on aluminum salt-wax emulsions with which we are familiar they used zirconium salts in emulsion with high molecular waxes of a type not available in this country. It is possible that this latter treatment may exhibit some ad­vantage in durability over our correspond­ing treatments. Probably their most im­portant development in durable type water

repellents, according to Mr. Pingree, vras their work using an aqueous dispersion of octadecyl ethylene urea. This material supplied i n the form of an emulsion is d i ­luted with water at room temperature to a concentration o f approximately 5%. T h o material i s passed through this emulsion, squeezed, and dried in a normal manner at any temperature above 80°. N o addi­tional heat treatment is necessary since reaction takes place with the fiber during the drying operation. I t is also unneces­sary to subject the material to any neutral­izing or washing treatment since the prod­uct is practically neutral and the drying operation produces no by-products.

The aromatic ethylene ureas were also studied and one type of these compounds shows promise of development in the water-repellent field for use on wool and pos­sibly on nylon and other synthetic fibers. Various resin-forming materials were used to increase the water resistance of rayon and it w a s found that the shrinkage and creasing resistance was increased as well. A condensate of melamine formaldehyde and triethanolamine used in solution with zinc nitrate or glycollic acid as a catalyst seemed to» increase solubility with less em­brittling o f the fiber.

Considerable interest was shown in the paper by M. A. Dahlen on "Dyestuff Developments in Germany during World War II". Although 5 5 % of all the I . G. Farbeh properties are located in the Russian zone of occupation most of the dyestuff plants are in the American and British zones. Mr. Dahlen reported that in general the I. G. technical personnel responded very well to our requests and data on 119 dyestuffs and pigments were obtained. In the main these materials were merely extensions of classes of dyes alreadjr known and no new chromophores or startling products in a cnemical sense were to b e reported. Mention was made, however, of a new method of screen print­ing in which a. light-activated polymeriza­tion catalyst i s used in conjunction with a water-soluble resin on a fine metal screen. Exposure to a n are light using the patter on translucent material much in the man­ner of a photographic negative results in polymerization of the resin where ex­posed. After this, the unpolymerized resin is removed by washing.

Wm. D . Appel, president of the AAT­CC, announced plans for an expanded program of the association. These in­cluded the appointment recently of H. Stiegier as the first full-time director of the association's varied and dispersed research activities. H e will be charged with the coordination of the efforts of the many subcommittees and the associates at Brown University, National Bureau of Standards, tfcte university of Chattanooga^, and the association's own laboratories at Lowell Textile Institute. The latter lal£ oratories are to be strengthened and addi­tional siibcoammittees will be formed to handle many new projects.

T^xtil© Cbeniî^É^ Disettes F ibers and German Synthet ic

Developments

176 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S