Text Structures• Cause and Effect

• Problem and Solution•Description•Sequence

•Compare and Contrast

Cause and Effect Example

• Cause: When I was a child, I was carelessly jumping up on a windowsill on our back porch.

• Effect: My arm went through the window and was cut.

Problem and Solution Example

• Problem: My arm went through the window and was cut.

• Solution: I had to get about ten stitches.

Sequence Example

How to wrap a present:

1) Roll out the wrapping paper on a flat surface

2) Place the gift in a box

3) Carefully cut out the paper so it is big enough to cover the box

4) Bring the sides of the paper together and use transparent tape to join the edges

5) Top with a bow

Compare and Contrast Example

• Compare: Both students were boys.

• Contrast: Joe was a lazy boy. Carl was studious.

Description Example

• On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle--a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck.