Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann www ... · Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets Extreme current densities, magnetized current filaments,

Text optional: Institutsname � Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann � www.fzd.de � Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

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Stand-alone

Target Chamber(s)

Helmholtz Beamline at European XFELLaser Options:

~1 Hz PW, 150J/150 fs~1 Hz PW, 30 J/30 fs~few kJ, ~ns (shock driver)

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Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation

Exciting new science opportunities will be enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense and high-power lasers

• Unique science with XFEL + Laser - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence

• Laser Pump + XFEL Probe- highest quality x-ray probing (imaging, spectroscopy, FR,…) of:

WDM, HEDP, high pressures, shocks, laser-plasma,damage processes, dynamics in materials, chemistry, biology

- making use of laser-generated ions, x-rays, bremsstrahlung γ’s, HHG

• XFEL Pump + Laser Probe -multi-species probing (protons, fs-electrons, γ’s, HHG …)

• Spin-offs- e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets- single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques

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Workshop GOALS

• Identify the unique and high-value Scientific Opportunities enabled by the “Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL”

• Assess the technical requirements: - PW & kJ laser systems- XFEL beam parameters- Measurement techniques & detectors- HED endstation

• Build the Community of future Users, and establish a “User Consortium” for the program and instrument development

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Outline

• Overview of proposed Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL

• Sample Experiments from the HZDR Science Program

• Program Development Path

• Specific Workshop Tasks


20112010 2012 2013 2014 2015

Zentrum HSQ

Future Directions: Center for High Power Radiation Sources (HSQ)


ELBE SRF e-linac

(40 MeV, ps, 13 MHz)

SRF photo gun (nC)

PW DPSSL area

Ti:Sa

Dual approach:

• Ti:Sapphire PW-class laser (~30J in 30fs, now 4J in 30fs)

• Diode pumped solid state PW laser (~150J in 150 fs, few Hz)

ELBE & Petawatt Laser Developments

Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments

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Proposed Helmholtz Beamlines at XFEL & FAIR

• HZDR Center for High Power Radiation Sources (2009-2014), in construction

- R&D on combining Ultra-intense High-power Lasers with Accelerators- ultrafast diagnostics, fs-synchronization, high gradient accelerators (…with DESY)

- Technology prototyping for Helmholtz Strategic Infrastructures (2015- )

• Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL

• ~1 Hz PW + kJ/ns-beams

• Laser-pump / XFEL-probe

• up to 1013 ph/pulse, ~100 fs, coherent

� true single-shot experiments

• strong-field QED, dynamic damage, WDM, HEDP, excited-state chemistry…

• Helmholtz Beamline with High-Power Lasers at FAIR

XFEL

Beam

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Additional research topics for Helmholtz Beamline at XFEL

effects and problems to be investigated:

- deformation of light cone, birefringence, polarization effects - nonpertubative QFT in strong laser fields - photon-photon scattering - electron-positron pair creation (in vacuum), ...

Avetissian [14]: 10 W/cmPopov [15]: 10 W/cm

2

27 2

18

e-

e+

nγ

absorptive: pair production

Strong-field Physics: High-pressure Physics:

• Vacuum birefringence:

Th. Heinzl, R. Sauerbrey, et al., Opt.

Commun. 267, 318 (2006)

� talks by G. Paulus, I. Uschmann

� Material under extreme conditions

� Need well-characterized samples

Void growth in shocked Al� later fracture

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Engaging the International Community & Building the Scientific Case

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Stand-alone

Target Chamber(s)

Helmholtz Beamline at European XFELLaser Options:

~1 Hz PW, 150J/150 fs~1 Hz PW, 30 J/30 fs~few kJ, ~ns (shock driver)

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XFEL beam parameters

XFEL.EU TN-2011-001

Layout of the X-Ray Systems at the European XFEL14 April 2011Th. Tschentscherfor the European XFEL project team

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• Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers

- strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence

• Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments - isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks)- ion induced damage in materials- time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways- extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction- high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks- multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy

• Add laser-based multi-species probing to XFEL experiments - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung,…


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Outline



1. Excited-state chemistry of Actinides

2. Dynamics of ion-induced materials damage

3. Electron transport and ionization dynamics in laser-driven solids



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Laser+Accelerator: applications in sub-ps X-ray „pump-probe“

• Material modification by intense ion pulses (energy transfer, melting, recrystallization)• Warm-dense matter (WDM) by laser-ion isochoric heating• Extreme fields and current densities in high-energy density plasmas (HEDP)• Excited-state actinide chemistry

2) Synchronized X-ray pulse:

(HSQ: ~3x107 photons/keV, ~ps)

(XFEL: ~1012 ph/pulse, 0.1%, ~150 fs, coh.)

1) Sample modification:

Laser-ions, shock,

photochemical…

0.0

2ps

1ps

5ps

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ICS

Photon flux for Pump-Probe:

“pink” photons per pulse per keV

(i.e., broad bandwidth)

XFEL: few 1012 (~100 fs)

LCLS: few 1010 (~200 fs)

(not implemented)

ESRF: few 1010 (~100 ps)

Inverse Compton: ~107 – 109 (~1 ps)

Broad-band sources X-ray backlighting sources

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Excited-state chemistry

� S. Tsushima, K. Fahmy et al.

absorption

intersystem crossinginternal conversion

singlet

triplet

U

O

O175pm

175pm

U

O

O179pm

196pm

singlet

U(VI)

H

U(V)

U(VI) + U(IV)

disproportionation

• solubility depends on redox state

• redox state can be changed by excited-state chemistry (Arnold et al. Nature 451, 315, 2008)

• prospects for actinide extraction, fixation(S. Tsushima, Inorg. Chem. 48, 4846, 2009)

GOAL: Predictive understanding

of excited-state actinide chemistry

by validation of time-dependent

DFT dynamics

U-O bond length difference

� time-resolved EXAFS

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Time-Resolved EXAFS

UO22+

*UO22+

UOOH2+

( )2/1

2

00

2

)(/)]()([)(

−=

−=

III

III

L

e

L

EEk

EEEk

m

h

µµµχ

Nnet = 485±182*

pulsed laser (400-500nm)

U: LIII 17.2 keV

X-ray

XFEL “pink”: 1011 ph in 1 keV (~5%)

Nnet = 160 (±3.3) x 103 (2% rms)

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Dynamics of particle-induced damage

GOAL: Predictive understanding of ion-

induced damage, by experimental bench-

marking & validation of MD calculations of

full dynamics

• Fast neutron damage

• Ion implantation damage

Ion-induced damage:

• knock-ion cascade

• local melt

• refreezing

• residual defects

• also, electronic heating

(electron-phonon coupling)

� M. Posselt et al (HZDR)� A. Froideval et al (PSI)

XFEL

Beam

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Staged approach:

• fs time-resolved ion melt (long term)

• ps time-resolved refreezing (mid term)

time-resolved surface meltRousse et al, Nature 410 65 (2001)Siders et al, Science 286, 1340 (1999)

Systematics:

ion-flux dependence

metal vs. dielectric vs. amorphous

projectile dependence (e.g., p vs. Si) time-resolved lattice expansionRose-Petruch et al,, Nature 398 310 (1999)h

� requires to distinguish ion-induced melt

from electron-induced melt

• electron heating – thermal expansion

(near term)

� talk by M. Posselt, Monday p.m.

Dynamics of particle-induced damage

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1013 A/cm2, > 1000 T, 1013 V/m, ~keV solid density

Extreme Ex

Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets

Extreme current densities, magnetized current filaments, and strong quasi-static magnetic fields in ultra-intense laser-matter interactions

Current filamentation

Quasistatic 5000 T fields in shaped targets, electron transport inhibition, enhanced heating

J. Rassuchine et al, PRE 79, 036408 (2009)

Important for:

Laser-ion accelerationIsochoric heatingFast Ignitor physicsLaser-plasma x-ray sourcesMagnetized HEDP

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Extreme Ex5000 Tesla quasi-static field � x-ray Faraday rotation imaging

dzBnKze∫≈∆ 2λϕ

with K= 2.629×10-13 M.K.S. units.

LCLS-Matter in Extreme Conditions (HEDP) concept paper (04.2009):

“Relativistic electron transport, isochoric heating, and multi-MG magnetization in solid density plasma” T.E. Cowan, M.S. Wei et al., (HZDR, UCSD, LANL, LLNL)

Concept – image B-fields by x-ray Faraday rotation

Channel-cut Si cyrstals: I. Uschmann et al, HI-Jena

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Channel cut Si 400 crystal

Realization – use channel-cut Bragg crystal polarimeter

I. Uschmann et al, “Determination of high purity polarization state of x-rays,” ESRF expt. (2010)

(5 x 10-10 polarization)

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2D space-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy

7400 7600 7800 8000 8200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

B-like

Mg-like

F-like

Be-like

Inte

nsity (

a.u

.)

Energy in 5th Order Diffraction (eV)

L-Shell (1st order),

Kß (6th order)

O-like

Self emission spectroscopy ∆t ~ 5-10 ps

Bulk electron temperature Tbulk ( x, y, t )

Space-averaged spectrum

with D. Thorn, T. Stoehlker (HI-Jena, GSI), M. Harmond, S. Toleikis (DESY)

Electron transport & ionization dynamics

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Laser Isochoric Heating

Interface shock heating in heterogenous solid targetsSentoku et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 122701 (2007)

Isochoric heating with laser-accelerated protonsPatel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 125004 (2003)

Self-generated magnetic confinementRassuchine et al., PRE 79, 036408 (2009) Pulsed external ~MG magnetic transport inhibition

Bakeman et al., Megagauss XI (2007) http://conferences.theiet.org/mg-xi/mgxi-final-

v7.0.pdf

Electrostatic hot electron confinement using reduced-mass targets

Perez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 085001 (2010)

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• Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense lasers

- strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence

• Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments- isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks)- ion induced damage in materials- time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways- extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction- high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks- multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy

• New laser-based multi-species probes for XFEL experiments - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung,…


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Outline





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Program Development Path (I)

• Broad and Strong Scientific Case- must compete with other research areas (e.g., Energy, Health) for strategic infrastructure investment in Helmholtz Association (HGF)

• Alleinstellungsmerkmal (Unique Selling Point)- complementarity to other EU projects, especially:

Helmholtz Beamline for High Intensity Lasers at FAIR, Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI)

- relation to int’l projects: LCLS, SCSS, SwissFEL, ILE, NIF, LMJ, MaRIE

e.g., among fel peers, EuroXFEL has higher rep-rate, & high-power lasers

• Documentation- Conceptual Design & Science “white book”

� contributions beginning with this Workshop

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Program Development Path (II)

• Communicating our plans to European XFEL, GmbH- Expression of Interest for User Consortium submitted 15.06.11

- Presentation to XFEL SAC, 29.09.11� preliminary technical requirements (laser)� identify community of users

• Next Steps:- Collaborations for developing HED Endstation

- Support opportunities for collaboratorsex. BMBF Verbundforschung (Rostock, TU-Dresden, FSU Jena, TU-Darmstadt…)

- Towards a technical design:- review of laser & x-ray requirements - identify technical challenges (e.g., synch, spectrum, seeding?) & decision points- broadening the scientific case - possible technical contributions from international partners

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Outline





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Specific Workshop Tasks (I): Key Questions

• What Science are you proposing?

- Is it uniquely suited for Ultra-intense or High-power Lasers at the European XFEL?- What scientific question(s) can be pursued?- Is it a Flagship experiment? A major improvement on experiments done elsewhere? Or a unique or innovative technique?

• What are the technical requirements?

- Laser pulse energy, duration, intensity, contrast, rep-rate- Laser-generated secondary beams or radiation- Diagnostics for laser pulse & secondary beams

- X-ray photon energy, spectral width (narrow or “pink”), polarization- Per-pulse photon number; multi-views or multi-frames? - Focusing requirement- Special synchronization issues- X-ray beam diagnostics

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• Are additional developments required?- Multi-view x-ray split & delay- “Pink beam” x-ray optics- External or self-seeding for x-ray pulse stabilization- Implementation of conventional techniques to single-shot operation- Pulsed high-fields

• Is there a defined development path?- Feasibility studies- Prototype development- Staged experiments at existing facilities (synchrotrons, FLASH, LCLS)

• What is the scientific, technical team?- Established collaborations- Theory & modeling support- Open to additional collaborators?

Specific Workshop Tasks (II): Key Questions

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Specific Workshop Tasks (III): Scientific Case

• Workshop Presentations- talks will be posted on Workshop website (exclude proprietary info)- we can print slides for Poster Boards to stimulate discussion & exchange

- Key points will summarized by Workshop Topic Organizers

• Scientific Case documentation- Indicate your interest to contribute to the Scientific Case document

- Are you willing to assist the editorial team?

-Provide a draft “place holder” text and figure(s)

• User Consortia- Indicate your interest to contribute to HED instrument development

- Submit a Letter of Intent to Collaborate on the HGF Beamline at the European XFEL (deadline: 19 September)

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Workshop GOALS

• Identify the unique and high-value Scientific Opportunities enabled by the “Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL”

• Assess the technical requirements: - PW & kJ laser systems- XFEL beam parameters- Measurement techniques & detectors- HED endstation

• Build the Community of future Users, and establish a “User Consortium” for the program and instrument development

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Thank you for your attention!

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Documents

Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann www ... · Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets Extreme current densities, magnetized current filaments,