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44 Co care Tet Mm wbo bae borne tbe battle, and tot bt* wtbow anO crpbana." ®t)e Minna oTriUuue (ESTABLISHED 1877.) PrBLlNHKO WKEHLY. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. ADVERTISING RATES-FLAT. Caaraateed Wfrkly Circulation ll»0.©3». 30r. per acalr line for riUplaj. f#r. per affair line for 4'lasalflrd f«lMWa 50r. per liar Tor rradlnv notlrea. Medical ads. admitted to Classified Columns on* Special position, when granted, 20 per cent. ud<fl. tlonal. Advertising ran be canceled at any time five days before date of issue. Ko discounts for time or space. Columns 2}* Inches wide; 21 inches long: seven Coluini'S to the page. Sample copies mailed free on request. THE NATIONAL TRIBLNE CO. Incorporated). Proprietors. FNTF RED AT WASHINGTON FOSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTE*. WASHINGTON, D. C., AUG. 4, 1904. Oftire: 339 Prnnftyhanla Avenue X.W. So much for always having been acro¬ bats. The Japanese manage to land 011 the Russian neck every time. The old epigram was that "Russia is a despotism tempered by assassination." The temper has always been very had, and seems to he getting much worse. The Inheritance Tax Law of New York seems to he working to the entire satisfaction of all concerned, especially the State Treasurer. The estate of the late William C. Whitney footed up something over $21.1100.4)00. and the administration immediately sent the State Treasurer a check for $222,000. a not unpleasant ad¬ dition to the Commonwealth finances. A syndicate which will be incorpor¬ ated as a company has purchased the Mc- Conl and Fairehilds farms upon which is the celebrated "Bloody Angle" of the fight¬ ing around Spotsylvania. They propose to make it a park, restoring the breastworks as far as possible, and erecting monu¬ ments at the main points of interest. The number of visitors of late years to that bitterly-contested field makes them believe that this will be a profitable investment. Tiiehe is this justification of Russia's trick in sending her ships through the Dardanelles as merchantmen. The closure of the Dardanelles to men-of-war was in itself a trick to cripple the Russian navy. England professed that it was necessary to protec t the integrity of Turkey, and got the other European powers to agree with her, but every one fully understood that the sole object was to diminish Russia's strength afloat. The end of the war would seem to be in wight. Both sides will have to make peace by sheer exhaustion. Russia has been able to maintain her credit so far, but every one feels that the next severe blow to her will be fatal. On the other hand, the Japanese are so "hard up" that they have had to resort to the desperate expe¬ dient of mortgaging their custom-house re¬ ceipts to secure loans. This must be hu¬ miliating to the proud little Empire, as it is only resorted to by Turkey and the South American Republics. Many capable persons believe that the end of this war will bring great opportuni¬ ties to America and American merchants. No matter how complete Japan's victories may be. she will be in a sadly crippled con¬ dition. and it will take her years to fill up her treasury again to the point where she can become aggressive. Moreover she is going to have work for all of her states¬ men, soldiers and manufacturers in oc¬ cupying Korea and developing it to a sat¬ isfactory condition. It is unlikely that she will have much energy to spare in pushing her commerce in China, or any other place, unless it is southern Manchuria. As: Russia will be out of the game entirely, the field will be open to Americans, and they will liave an unecjualed chance to establish firmly their trade in China and Manchuria. The Department of Agriculture is tak¬ ing much interest in the mitigation of the evils of the Kansas River floods, which last year cost the people $20,000,000, be¬ sides the loss of over l'X> lives. The Bu¬ reau of Forestry urges the planting of trees as a preventive. Where the sand has covered the ground it is best to plant cot- tonwoods, which in 20 years will make good saw logs. Wherever the river has changed its course and become straighter, every effort should be made to keep the new channel. The soft, bare banks should be covered at once with willows, to pro¬ tect them, and the land owners are urged to cooperate and secure continuous belts of timber 2.V) feet wide on both banks of the river. Such protection would be far more serviceable than dikes of earth or masonry. . An illustration of the paternalism which extends to everything in France is furnished by the manufacture o_ playing cards, which is guarded by the Govern¬ ment with the same precautions as the production of bank notes in our country. The importation of foreign cards is strictly prohibited. The Government furnishes the paper on which the cards are printed, for¬ bidding the use of any other. The plates for the court cards and the ace of clubs are the property of the Government, which prints the first sheets and furnishes them to the manufacturers. After the cards are finished the manufacturers submit them to the Government for its approval and stamp. Then only the cards may be sold in any part of the country. Ross L. Clark, of Houston, Texas, asks the courts for au injunction against the Department of Agriculture to prevent tbe introduction of the Guatemalan ants into this country for the purpose of fighting the boll weevil. Mr. Ross points out the re¬ sults which have followed the introduction Of various insects and animals into other countries, where they have become greater pests than the previous vermin, lie says that the ant is a vicious cannibal, and will embarrass the work of cotton picking. The Dcgroes will not wear shoes in the cotton field, so the ants will sting their feet and Infuse into them a poisonous venom which will scare the negroes away from the work, which they are none too glad to do as it is. Mr. Clark's fears are laughed at. If the int becomes too numerous and destructive the Department can easily import some Voracious ant-eating bird. CONSEQUENTIAL DISABILITIES. The physical consequence or result of disease or injury is a matter of consid¬ erable interest and oftentimes of paramount importance. That a great many dis¬ eases leave a more or less permanent impress on the human system is almost axi¬ omatic. A severe case of typhoid fever for example, may result in a deranged nervous condition; pneumonia give rise to disease of lungs; malarial poisoning he followed by enlargement of the spleen or disease of stomach and liver; chronic diarrhea produce a diseased condition of the alimentary tract, and rheumatism he the prelude to disease of heart and structural changes of joints, tendons and muscles. So. too, scurvy is often responsible for the loss of teeth or disease of gums, sunstroke for an intolerance of heat, headache and vertigo, and measles for disease of lungs and catarrh. A traumatic injury may and often does produce a train of ailments quite as serious as the disability itself. These sequelae while distinct from the original causes in their character and nature, may nevertheless be the effects of them. In other words, a specific disease or injury may produce in the human organism another disability of a similar or even a different type, which disability may be responsible for even graver results than the original cause. The consideration of this important and well-known phenomenon appeals strongly to those who are suffering from any of the thousand ills that flesh is heir to and is particularly worthy of the attention of those who have served their country in the army or navy and who have while so serving received an injury or contracted disease. The Government has made provision for pensioning these disabled veterans, their widows and orphans. Sometimes the Nation's bounty may fail to reach de¬ serving cases, particularly where an attempt is made to show that the veteran died of a disability of service origin. He may have been pensioned for a disease or injury originating in the service, but the certificate of death may show that the im¬ mediate cause of death was from some disease other than that for which he had been pensioned. In the absence of proof to show the pathological connection be¬ tween the disability of service origin and the fatal disease, the pension claim if based on the provisions of what is commonly known as the general law, is, of course, rejected. It is patent that if the medical evidence in the claim were to show that the death cause was a result or sequelate of disability of service origin, the claim might have been allowed, if the other conditions of title had been met. The practice of the Pension Office has always recognized the doctrine of path¬ ological sequence, but this recognition is not based upon any invariable rule or exact formula. Each case is decided upon its merits. The position of the Office is best stated in the following extract from the official "Practice of the Pension Bureau," pages 24 and 25. "In stating the pathologieal sequences of diseases which are accepted as being susceptible of proof it is not to be understood, in all cases, that there is a direct affinity between the original disease and the result.that is. that the one necessarily follows the other.but that such result is susceptible of proof. For in¬ stance. disease of rectum or liver may be direct pathological sequences of chronic diarrhea; viz. there is an affinity between them which is susceptible of proof; but it is not accepted that under any circumstances they are necessary results follow¬ ing chronic diarrhea * * * au sequences must l»e proven alike. "The evidence usually required in a case where a sequence is claimed should show the date said sequence first appeared, and the condition of the claimant as to the original disease at such time." * * * The importance of this question of pathological sequence is apparent and com¬ mends itself to every veteran, both upon his own account and on account of the wife and children who may be dependent upon him. To physicians and surgeons who have old soldiers as patients, the question is likewise of more than ordinary interest. On their testimony in a large measure is the final action of the Pension Office based. As a matter of justice and humanity they should see that such testimony be full and explicit, setting out in detail all symp¬ toms and diseases, so that being in possession of all the facts, the Pension Office may reach its conclusions intelligently and with fairness and justice to all. The following extract from decisions made by the Secretary of the Interior are pertinent to the subject under consideration: A decision rendered Sept. 5, 18iM>, says: "Soldier, during his fatal illness, suffered from disease of heart, result of rheumatism, for which he was pensioned, and also from disease of lungs, which is not conclusively shown to be due to the service, though the evidence strongly tends to establish the same. Both disease of lungs and disease of heart were factors in causing death, but it can not be determined with any degree of certainty which of the two diseases was the predominant cause, or contributed most toward pro- ducing death; and it is held that, from the evidence, it is more reasonable to assume that death was due to soldier's military service than to assume that it was not, and the doubts in the case will be resolved in favor of claimant." (8 P. D., 270.) A decision rendered March 9, 1807 (8 P. D., 474), sustains a decision of Aug. 20, 1878, which held that. "Where soldier died of pneumonia ingrafted on a previously existing incurable disease of lungs, caused by his army service, his death is accepted as due to the service." (5 P. D., o. s., 45.) A decision rendered April 14, 1807, says: "Soldier was pensioned for disease of the kidneys, result of injury of the back. The disease of kidneys is shown to have existed all the time in more or less severe form from discharge to death. He also suffered for a few years before death from rheumatism of the left shoulder, never very serious. He died of dilatation of the heart. It is held that the disease of kidneys was the predominating disability, and the more likely cause of the fatal disease, in view of all the evidence, and that what¬ ever doubt may exist on the subject should be resolved in favor of the claimant." (8 P. I)., 511.) A decision rendered Aug. 21, 1807 (0 P. I)., 113), confirms a decision rendered Jan. 11, 1890, which held that. "Where the evidence, lay and medical, goes to show that the cause for which pension was granted to a soldier was complicated with a disease which was the im¬ mediate cause of the soldier's death, the Department will sustain the widow's claim for {tension on account of the soldier's death from said complication of causes, holding the same, for pensionable purposes, to be due to the line of duty in the service." (3 P. D., 313.) In the earlier case the disabilities of service origin became complicated, in last illness, with ccrebro meningitis, not pathologically related to the other disabilities, but which became the immediate cause of death. The decision says that the pre- I»onderance of evidence "goes to establish the fact that the soldier's death was the legitimate end of a long period of shattered health, the beginning of which is di¬ rectly traceable to the service, which he entered, after a thorough examination, as a stout and healthy man." In the later case heart disease, due to rheumatism of service origin, was complicated, in last illness, with suppurative disease of lungs, which caused death. The decision says: "It is not medically established that there was a pathological connection be¬ tween the lung lesion and heart affection |andj although it may be admitted that both were factors in the death cause, yet the former, disease of lungs, was the most prominent;" but as "it is a well-established theory that the existence of disease of iieart seriously complicates any lung lesion," the case was ordered allowed. THE A8SASSINATI0N OF VON PLEHVE. The assassination of the Russian Min¬ ister of Interior. M. Von Plehve, the most powerful man in the Empire, tfhocks the world, and is another grievous burden to the many under w4iich the rotten and de¬ crepit Empire is tottering. M. Von Plehve was a type of the bureaucratic ring which rules Russia in the name of the Czar. He was not a man of the highest intelligence, but of great personal force and untiring activity. lie represented the ideas and schemes of the despotic and unscrupulous regime which holds Russia down to the worst of old ways, and crushed any ten¬ dency toward reform with a merciless hand of iron. It is charged, with every ap¬ pearance of truth, that he iiwtigated the horrible massacre of the Jews at Kishenef, in onler to distract the attention of the people from the iniserableness of internal affa rs. To him wan attributed the re¬ morseless rigors of the Russian rule in Poland. There is no doubt that he planned and carried out the wicked policy for the destruction of the lil>erties and civilization of Finland. This made him the most de¬ tested man in the Empire by all those who thought of and ho]>ed for l»etter things in Russia. He was also the most feared man, because he had grown up with the infa¬ mous secret police of Russia, had all its workings at his fingers* ends, and could virtually do anything that he pleased with it. His public career showed him to be a man with a cynical disbelief in every¬ thing which other people consider right and just, lie was an ardent advocate of the war in the East, in order to arouse an excitement to distract attention from things at home. The assassination may have the effect of weakening the war party and the grip of the Russian Bourb who hold Russia back to the evil ways past centuries. (iES. John C. Black, Commander-in- Chief, G- A. R., left Washington last week to join Mrs. Black at Mackinac Island. He will remain there until it is time to go to the National Encampment GRATIFYING PR0GEES8 OF THE NEGRO. A recent bulletin of the Census Bureau on "The Negro in the United States" gives a most gratifying exhibition of the progress of the race, and one which will bo somewhat surprising even to the best friends of the negro. This is particularly true of the negro in agricultural pursuits. He is learning to be a good fanner.quite slowly some may think, but still learning. He has a strong desire to get and improve a farm of his own. This is shown by the following statistics of the farms of the country: Total. Negro. Farms 5,737,372 740.715 Imp'd acreage 414,498,487 23.302,798 Val. property. $20,439,901,1 #5-4 $499.!M3,734 Val. products. $4,739,118,752 $255,751,145 Thus it will be seen that the negro fanner conducts more than one-eighth of the farms of the country and raises more than five per cent, of the products. Only two per cent, of the farms owned and run by negrties are in the North. More than one-half of the negro farms are in the four States of Mississippi, South Carolina, Al¬ abama and Georgia. Nearly one-half of these farms are what are known as "one- mule fanns," of from 20 to 50 acres, and nearly one-fifth are "two-mule farms," from 50 to 100 acres. Of the 740,715 farms cultivated by ne¬ groes 21 per cent, are owned entirely by them, ami 4.2 per cent, are owned in part by them, which shows that -10 years after Emancipation 25.2 per cent., or one-fonrth, of the negro farmers have acquired home¬ steads. In South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Ixiuisiana the negroes form from 45 to 00 per cent, of the popu¬ lation, and are from 35 to 00 per cent, of the fanners. The negroes of the South farm more than one-sixth of the improved acreage and raise more than one-sixth of the gross products. They hire one-tenth of the farm labor and use one-fifth of the fertilizers. In Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina the percentage is still higher, where one-half of the farms are conducted bgr tjtfrrqes. They raise more than one-half of the products in Missis¬ sippi and two-fifths*of that in South tfavo~ lina. The negro farmers produce almost two-fifths of the cotton raised, more than one-fifth of the sweet potatoes and about one-tenth of the tobacco and rice. Thus*, in spite of all political talk, it would seem thai tli^ negro is getting along astonishingly well for a race which only 40 years ago w^s bought and sold in the open market, with the average price per head of $505. I PARKER'S CHANCES. . . «¦ j F iguring on the result is now the chief business of the papers of both sides. The Democrats to show how Parker can be elected and the Republicans that it is im¬ possible for him to be. The New York Times (Pem.), makes this list of States, which cast their vote in 1802 for Mr. Cleveland and four years later voted for McKinley. The votes given are those they are entitled to by the last apportionment: 1802. States. 1004. 8 California 10 0 Connecticut 0 3 Delaware 3 24 Illinois 27 15 Iudiana 15 1002. 8 Maryland 8 5 Michigan 5 10New Jersey 12 30 New York 39 1 North Dakota 1 1 Ohio 1 <» West Virginia 7 12 Wisconsin 13 In this it will be seen that the votes of Michigan, Ohio and North Dakota were divided in 1802. As Mr. Parker will start in with 151 votes from the Solid South, he will require 88 votes from elsewhere to elect him, and this counting gives him something over 00 more than he would need. On this basis he could be elected without New York. On any other basis of calculation New York is essential to him. The Times as¬ sumes that Parker's nomination settles New York and l>avis's nomination settles West Virginia, with the assurance that Maryland and Delaware will go with West Virginia. A number of Eastern papers which supported Cleveland and af erward opposed Bryan are now supporting Parker. Among these in New York are the Herald, Times, World and Evening Post and the Eagle in Brooklyn. Republican papers, on the other hand, generally pronounce Parker's election as "hopeless." They claim that not only will the Republicans hold all the States that they carried in 1000, except Maryland, but that they have a very good chance of carry¬ ing four of the Western States, which in 1000 went to Bryan. The Indianapolis News (Ind.), which is owned in part l>y Senator Fairbanks, says that the State is. tolerably sure for Roose¬ velt. Mr. Roosevelt has made enemies in Indiana, but 'Ther^ is little of that de¬ termined opposition that is found in the East." If all the gold Democrats in the State vote for Parker, and they are joined to all who voted for Bryan, the State may be considered as doubtful. That this shall occur is the ettretde hope on the part of the Democrats. McKinley's plurality in 1800 in Indiana was 18,000, and in 1000, 20,000. It is claimed of this plurali¬ ty 25,000 were Gold Democrats. Ex-President Cleveland writes that the outlook is "full of congratulation and hope." In his first estimate Chairman Cortelyou classes New York, New Jersey and West Virginia as doubtful, and gives the follow¬ ing arrangement for the rest of the States: FOR ROOSEVELT. California 10 Colorado 5 Connecticut 7 Delaware 3 Idaho 3 Illinois 27 Indiana 15 Iowa 13 Kansas 10 Maine 0 Maryland 8 Massachusetts 10 Michigan 14 Minnesota 11 Montana 3 Nebraska 8 Nevada 3 New Hampshire 4 Nort1» Dakota 4 Ohio 23 Oregon 4 Pennsylvania 34 Rhode Island 4 South Dakota 4 I'tali 3 Vermont 4 Washington 5 W isconsiu 13 Wyoming 3 Total 207 FOR PARKER. Alabama 11 Arkansas 0 Florida 5 Georgia 13 Kentucky 13 Louisiana 0 Mississippi 10 Missouri 18 North Carolina 12 South Carolina 0 Tennessee 12 Texas 18 Virginia 12 Total 151 This gives Roosevelt 28 votes to spare, so that he could lose one big or several small States from the list, and yet be elected. # . In answer to questions propounded by the Isthmian Canal Commission as to the status of the Canal Zone in the eyes of the law and the Treasury Department, the Comptroller of^the Treasury Department, Hon. R. J. TpacevMell, replies in a vol¬ uminous opinion.'-The Canal Zone is not a part of the J'nit&d States, and neither are the Constitutor or laws applicable to it, though the general spirit and purpose of the Constitution afle. Beyond this the zone and that "WhH'li relates to it are un¬ der the President 'jipd such officers as he may appoint. is to be governed by such regulations as he in his sound discretion shall approve. local revenues of the zone are not m^fteys of tlie United States, to be accounted1 for to the Treasury, but are under the t*6nlrbl of the Canal Coin- . l! < I mission. >ij I ; . , , A queer fea.tyire « developing in regard to the marvelous accumulation of old junk on the Isthmus. It would seem that in the grand scheme of corruption, which de¬ scribes the French Company's operations, anybody iu France or Belgium who had anything to sell which he could not work off elsewhere could get a market for it on the Isthmus. There are thousands of tons of machinery, locomotives, rails, and other fabrics of steel and iron which were never used, never intended to be used, and never could be used, but which were bought by the company under some pretense or other and sent to the Isthmus. Much of it was so utterly worthless that it was used for foundations of houses. It was piled into the mud where it was desired to put up something, and a building erected upon it Si Hlem Shorty ~ and their Comrades mt*&$ en Johnny Game Marching Home.* Copyright 1901 by tuk Pcriishkrs of The National Tribimk. Marching Orer the War-Swept Plains of Ma¬ nassas.Fairfax Court House.First View of the Great National Capital. "There," said the Adjutant, as they marched down onto the plateau of Fred¬ ericksburg, and turned around to survey Ma rye's lights from the standpoint of the Union assault. "There was the high¬ est crest reached by American valor, 1 don't care what anybody says to the con¬ trary. Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, that they talk so much about, isn't to lie compared to it. Pickett's charge was nuide over almost level ground, without obstructions, and without defenses. That there is a powerful natural fort, with the most complete ditch and obstructions, in that canal, and the sunken road, with its stone wall. I wouldn't want a better place to defend, and I couldn't find one this side of Quebec. Pickett's charge was made against an army shaken by two days of terrific battling. This was made against a perfectly fresh army, which had been waiting for weeks for it. Pickett's charge was repulsed by substantially two divisions of the Second Corps. It took the whole rebel army to beat this back. Pickett's men went into the charge confident that they were going to crown the successes of the previous two days with a sweeping victory, which would end the war and es- between 200 and inhabitants. Picket stations, temporary hospitals, and a hun- ( dred "scraps" between the cavalry and the guerrillas had included it in the gen¬ eral desolation. The old court house, "built with bricks brought from England, as is said of nearly every one of the older buildings in Tidewater Virginia, still stood, but there was little of it left hut the walls and roof. Doors, windows, de>ks and benches were gone, and the records of !.»<. years.the legal business of the Washing- tons, the Fairfaxes, Masons, Marshall*. Lees, C'ustises. and the other great ones of the palmy days of Fairfax County's history were only saved by some thought¬ ful Quartermaster loading them into att army wagon and sending them to \\ ash- ington quite early in the war. They were now but l!l miles from Washington, and their steps were getting longer ami swifter as they felt their near¬ ness to the great city, which had been foremost in every one's thought during all those long, eventful years. It was to rheir eager young mirofci a true City of Enchantment. Goodness. greatne«<s and power centered there. Ev¬ erybody of prominence went there. Many stayed- From there came the orders and laws which had shaj>ed their lives, and determined on Peace or War. They were IN SIGHT OF tablish the Southern Confederacy in tri-1 Umph. The men who charged Maryes Hights were old enough soldiers to know that it had hardly a chance of success, and they were simply going to destnu-tion Yet they drove forward to within laO vards of that stone wall, and left scores of their dead there to mark their farth^t advance. Nothing in the history of war shows such desperate, unhesitating valor, and it proves the Ameriestn soldier to be tlie finest in the world. There is nothing that he will not dare whenever duty seems t0'-No one has learned that better than I" answered the Major. "In my three years' service I never found any tlm-v desperately dangerous that my men wouId not attempt it upon the instant of men tioning what was wanted to be done. "Yes, we have always had more vol¬ unteers than we needed," agreed the Ad- ^The' march for the next two days was over the Plains of Manassas, only less dreary and depressing than that through the colossal Golgotha «>f the from the Kapidan to the James. Before the war the Plains of Manassas were a fsiir snot of earth to travel over. The> are to-day. From the lowlying, blue Bull Hun Mountains on the west, tl,e,r « s melting in blue haze, to where the gran t foundation sinks abruptly into the \ a - levs of the Potomac and the Rappanan nock, is a broad, undulating expanse, ju.st broken enough to give it J^wV Filling the landscape are held*, meadows, pastures with grazing cattle, streti-hes^d verdant woodlands. orchards, lllr, creeks, running in crystal flow over w li < pebbles, comfortable farm houses^ hone- t imes pretentious mansions, narrow vellow bands of roads running to towns which have tilled a large space m history. So it appeared before the war. So it appears^now^ ^ ^ region where men and women can grow to their best, and ^.et out of life what ever there is m them to K" out It was the home of many of the greatest men that Virginia produced, and whence went some of the best regimei hi the Confederate army. . When the 200th Ind. marched *cros8,t had been for years the camping place the manuvering ground and thet lf two immense armies, and the runw a> r bands of guerrillas and the alrv of both armies. hverj rood of tn soii had felt, innumerable tunes tUe t!r of armed men and the hoof-txat ot tm wir-horse. Everywhere camps had b°»n, hospitals iiad sheltered the battle-stricken, pickets hid stood, lines-of-battle had fnrmpd cavalry had charged. . All iia.1 left'traces of rnin, mementoes of "rSe and death, to mark their PrAsnfir; as the eye could read.i there was not a tree, not even ..dump <>«_b.shea Vothinc that would make nre nau «-» (,,;d r weary, hungry soldier, eager to 3 his coffee and cook his meat. In their frequent marches and counter¬ marches a bit of wood was a lucky hnd. and was picked up and carried along to where a halt was made for <amp. A niece of woodland that escaped one march was snre to be selected on the next liv the first Colonel looking for a Plac to camp his regiment "near wood and ' looks a thousand times worse war- swept marching through it ban, it. d d when we went on the railroau, marked Si, who as rnnkingSergoantimw marched on the right of < o. <4. wiorij nlace as the second ranking Seigeant, w is on the left of the company, but he usually stayed with Si at °Ski\lmore insi Monty Scruggs and I etc Skuunore o bring np the left. There was no trouble about Uiis, however, for everybody was loo keen to get on to Washington to think °f "Straggle" remarked Shorty, when something was said about it. "Great Je- hosepliatf a man who'd straggle in this country, where there ain t a chicken 113 10 Counties, nor a smoke-house betwee this and the Fourth of .Tuly.^o«Mdoit from pure wickedness. I don t won ler that the rebels fought so hard to 1keSS, * Army of the Potomac m here. Three months here ought to be enough to rum th finest army ever organ used. It s a heap worse than Chattanooga. Court They camped at night at 1-airfax t.ourt House, which had once been a town ot WASHIWGTON. coming to the fountain-head of everything. Somehow they could not imagine it like any other city in the world. The sun of a bright day was sinking be¬ low the summits of the Blue Uidge when they came out on the brow of a hill above Alexandria, and saw the City of (ireen and White spread out before them in the great amphitheater bounded by the semi¬ circle of hills north of the Potomac. That was before the wilderness of new build¬ ings of staring red had come to thrust a new tone into the predominating colors of the war-time city. They drank in, with swift, hungry eyes, all the details of the scene. Directly in front of them was the line of heavy works encircling the city.works built with measureless labor by the young volunteers of the Army of the Potomac, in the Fall and Winter of lHCil, and en¬ larged and completed by the heavy artil¬ lery regiments which garrisoned Washing¬ ton for two years. There were long lines of breastworks, connecting the great forts on every hill-top. hi front of all ran deep ditches, and before these were abatis, chevaux-de-frise and palsades, and all forms of obstructions and entanglements. From every fort gai»ed the black mouths of huge guns, and the defenses were as perfect as art and infinite labor could make them. Away to the right, upon a broad plain at the side of the widening Potomac. la> quaint old Alexandria, which had bustled much more in the last four years than in all of its previous century, by reason of being a base of supplies for the army. The whole of the great level plateau was cov¬ ered with camps, barracks, hospitals, cor¬ rals, Quartermaster, Commissary and ordnance wIkkIs, and there were teams and men enough moving to carry on the com¬ merce of a great city. Among the noteworthy sights bales of hay piled as high as hills. Miles to the left rose the hights of Arlington, crowned by the stately Ijee Mansion. It looked at that distance to be veritable stone, instead of lath-and-plaster imitation. Across the broad Potomac, upon whose lakelike bosom lay a great fleet of war ships, transports and merchant vessels, with busy little tugs rushing about like giant water insects, lay the National Cap¬ ital, with its rectangular streets, broad avenues, and innumerable parks, squares and circles, now making a brave effort to green over the ravages of their use as camps and corrals. Everywhere were the great low buildings of rough boards, built for hospitals, barracks, and storehouses. Si and Shorty pointed out to the rest the White House, the great white mass of the unfinished Capitol, the Treasury, Patent Office, Smithsonian, the Navy Yard, Arsenal, and the famous I^ong Bridge, over which 1,000,000 had been marched to bat- tie, and 100,000 sick and wounded brought back to till the hospitals. On the line of hills beyond the city.| to the east, north and west.was continued the circle of heavy forts and connecting breastworks, extending from the command¬ ing hights on the Potomac above George¬ town to the Anacostia llills below it. The line was 35 miles long, and required 23,- 000 men to occupy it. All the forts were garrisoned, and flew their flags. Every suitable piece of ground inside the great circle of circumvallation was now a regimental, brigade or division camp, maintained with the utmost disci¬ pline, and flying a regular garrison flag. With the flags on the public buildings, the hospitals, the storehouses, and the shipping in the river this made a wilderness of ban¬ ners, a glorious riot of the National colors. The green and white seemed to have blos¬ somed flowers in radiant beauty, rising far toward the glad sunshine of perfect days following the storms of war. in all of the camps and forts, over the whole of the 100 square miles of the origi¬ nal District of Columbia, they were now holding dress parades of all of the 100,- 000 or more men then camped in and around Washington. The men, dressed in their freshest and best, with their muskets shining like sil¬ ver, were marching into line, while bands by the hundreds were filling the after¬ noon air with bursts of patriotic melodies. "Sav, Shorty, this is a country worth fighting for," said Si, deeply impressed by the wonderful scene. "I'm glad ^that I belong to it, and was born in it. *.(), yes, and you deserve to be patted on the' back for liaving selected ludiana as your birthplace, when other fellows, who didn't know no better, were letting, themselves be born in England, Germany, ai>4 other benighted portion* of the world," laughed Shorty. "Well, it's a good deal of work to live up to beiug born an Ameri¬ can. hut after looking at this I think it is worth it." "I wish Abe Lincoln could have lived to have seen ail this," murmured Si. "Ha of all men deserved to." "Major." said an Aid riding up and saluting. "You will pick out ^ l*»*t pla<*e von can find around here. Hiid put your men into camp. Yon will then get them ready for the tlrand Review. The Army of the Potomac will be reviewed on the 23d, and Sherman's Army the next day. Issue new clothing to those who need it, and get rheni into the be>t i*»s*ible shape. The Army of the Potomac is going to put on it* best frills, and beat the Regular*, if it can. and we don't want to look Uke a iKMind boy at a husking, so put your 1^'jpt foot foremost." "Very good." replied the Major. "Pre¬ sent my compliments to the General, and tell him that the 200th Ind. will, as u*ual. make every effort to be a credit to tin; brigade and the corps." "1>o you hear that. you Injianny Hoosiers?" said Shorty to the company. "That means that you've got to drop with a dull thud your Georgia and South Caro¬ lina manners, and l>ehave as if you've been brought up among white folks. I^et's make people believe that out in Injianny we know just as much about paper collars and white gloves as the Army of the Po¬ tomac. I know it'll give some of you colds to take a good wash, and you'll have to learn all over attain how to blaek your shoes, but let's do it for the sake of the State that raises the fattest hogs and the tallest corn, the pretties* girls and the best soldier* of any in the Union." The boys answered wih a veil of ap¬ proval. and set about making camp. (To l>e continued.) TO ENCOURAGE AMERICAN MARKSMANSHIP The War Department has taken a very important step forward in the direction of educating American youth in rifle shooting by the approval of a system for a "Na¬ tional Marksman's Reserve." The object of this is tlie encouragement of the science of marksmanship, and if the plans result as anticipated it will in a few years pro¬ duce in the United States 1.000,000 men who will have for practical purposes on the battlefield nearly all the requirements for the most efficient soldiers in the world. The National Rifle Association is estab¬ lished for the purpose of encouraging prac¬ tice shooting, and among its objects will be to establish and encourage shooting gal¬ leries and field ranges. It prop»»ses to pur¬ chase at cost rifles resembling those now in use in the Regular Army, and sell them at a slight advance to those who wish to practice, and ammunition as near cost as possible. Literature will l>e furnished to every one who desires it. and the follow¬ ing regulations have been established for membership in the association: "1. All members of the National Rifle Association and of affiliated organizations are eligible to compete. "2. They must be citizens between the ages of 18 and 45. "3. The course will consist of 21 shots; five shots for record at 200. 300 and 500 yards; two sighting shots allowed at each range, which must be taken. "4. Arm..The I'nited States magazine rifle, caliber .30, or a rifle that has been viewed and stamped by the National Rifle Association. Ammunition. I'. S. service or private makes that come within the rules. "5. Entrance fee. 25 cents. Official score sheets can be secured from the Sec¬ retary of the local affiliated organization, or if not a member of any local organiza¬ tion direct from the Secretary of the Na¬ tional Rifle Association. "0. The score sheets of those who make a total soore of 50 points at all ranges will be forwarded to the Secretary of the National Rifle Association, who will tabu¬ late them and forward to the War De¬ partment. All those who qualify will re¬ ceive a National Marksman's button." * * * . . . . It is recommended that a bill be intro¬ duced in Congress appropriating, say, $1,000,000 per year for five years, to be expended under the direction of the Secre¬ tary of War in the promotion of this scheme. It proposes to establish ranges, to be open to civilians on Saturdays and holidays. Inspectors of Rifle Practice are to be appointed from the National Guard of each State, with superior Inspectors from the Regular Army. It is also sug¬ gest ed that there shall be details from Reg¬ ular troops as markers and scorers at such ranges as civilians may use for practice. Another proposition is to furnish every one who wishes to practice with 25 rounds of ammunition free of cost, and all addi¬ tional at half the actual cost. The diplomats of Europe are in general even more hostile to the rise of Japan into a world power than they were to our as¬ sumption of that rank. Our rise was in a measure discounted. Ever since the first announcement of the Monroe Doctrine the more astute among the diplomats realized that as fast as our strength and resources developed we would assume a predomi¬ nance over this whole hemisphere. Especially since the suppression of the rebellion they saw that it would be an uphill struggle to contend with our influ¬ ence this side of the Atlantic, and the wisest auioug them prudently refrained from any serious thought of it. It is wholly different with Japan. The rise of the Japanese means a new force to be reckoned with in any plans for power or influence in the myriad-peopled Orient. Only England can view with equanimity the rise of Japan. England has gotten substantially all she wants iu the East, and mainly desires to be secure in her present holdings. She does not want any thing that threatens India, nor any inter¬ ference with the open door in China. Japan's success will cripple Rursia, keep her off India, and stop her aggressions iu China. At the same time the English do not want the Japanese to become too big. France and Germany would like to see Russia win. because Russia's seizure of Manchuria and Korea would be a pretext and justification of their grabbing large slices of China. With Japan completely victorious all thought of Chinese posses¬ sions must vanish, ami France's hold upon Cochin-China may be shakeu. Australia now has a strictly Labor Union Cabinet. Mr. J. C. Watson, who is both Prime Minister and Treasurer, was 10 years ago an unknown printer on an even¬ ing paper in Sydney. He could not get work in his trade all the time, so that he had to get employment wherever he could. At one time he was a groom in Lord Car- rington's stables. One of the other Minis¬ ters is a miner, a third an unbrella-maker, the fourth an agricultural laborer, the fifth an engine-fitter, the sixth a reporter, and the seventh is the only non-laborer, but lie is a lawyer, with very advanced views on Labor Unions. Premier Watson, the printer, has never before held office, but be is a cool, moderate, sensible man, with a gift for saying exactly what he wishes to say, and not a word more. He has also great tact, and can enforce discipline with* out making it apparent.

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44 Co care Tet Mm wbo bae borne tbebattle, and tot bt* wtbow anOcrpbana."

®t)eMinna oTriUuue(ESTABLISHED 1877.)

PrBLlNHKO WKEHLY.

ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR.INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.

ADVERTISING RATES-FLAT.Caaraateed Wfrkly Circulation ll»0.©3».30r. per acalr line for riUplaj.f#r. per affair line for 4'lasalflrd f«lMWa50r. per liar Tor rradlnv notlrea.Medical ads. admitted to Classified Columns on*Special position, when granted, 20 per cent. ud<fl.

tlonal.Advertising ran be canceled at any time five days

before date of issue.Ko discounts for time or space.Columns 2}* Inches wide; 21 inches long: seven

Coluini'S to the page.Sample copies mailed free on request.

THE NATIONAL TRIBLNE CO. Incorporated). Proprietors.

FNTF RED AT WASHINGTON FOSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTE*.

WASHINGTON, D. C., AUG. 4, 1904.

Oftire: 339 Prnnftyhanla Avenue X.W.

So much for always having been acro¬

bats. The Japanese manage to land 011 theRussian neck every time.

The old epigram was that "Russia is a

despotism tempered by assassination." Thetemper has always been very had, andseems to he getting much worse.

The Inheritance Tax Law of NewYork seems to he working to the entiresatisfaction of all concerned, especially theState Treasurer. The estate of the lateWilliam C. Whitney footed up somethingover $21.1100.4)00. and the administrationimmediately sent the State Treasurer a

check for $222,000. a not unpleasant ad¬dition to the Commonwealth finances.

A syndicate which will be incorpor¬ated as a company has purchased the Mc-Conl and Fairehilds farms upon which isthe celebrated "Bloody Angle" of the fight¬ing around Spotsylvania. They propose to

make it a park, restoring the breastworksas far as possible, and erecting monu¬

ments at the main points of interest. Thenumber of visitors of late years to thatbitterly-contested field makes them believethat this will be a profitable investment.

Tiiehe is this justification of Russia'strick in sending her ships through theDardanelles as merchantmen. The closureof the Dardanelles to men-of-war was initself a trick to cripple the Russian navy.England professed that it was necessaryto protec t the integrity of Turkey, and gotthe other European powers to agree withher, but every one fully understood thatthe sole object was to diminish Russia'sstrength afloat.

The end of the war would seem to bein wight. Both sides will have to makepeace by sheer exhaustion. Russia hasbeen able to maintain her credit so far, butevery one feels that the next severe blowto her will be fatal. On the other hand,the Japanese are so "hard up" that theyhave had to resort to the desperate expe¬dient of mortgaging their custom-house re¬

ceipts to secure loans. This must be hu¬miliating to the proud little Empire, as itis only resorted to by Turkey and theSouth American Republics.

Many capable persons believe that theend of this war will bring great opportuni¬ties to America and American merchants.No matter how complete Japan's victoriesmay be. she will be in a sadly crippled con¬

dition. and it will take her years to fillup her treasury again to the point whereshe can become aggressive. Moreover sheis going to have work for all of her states¬men, soldiers and manufacturers in oc¬

cupying Korea and developing it to a sat¬isfactory condition. It is unlikely that shewill have much energy to spare in pushingher commerce in China, or any otherplace, unless it is southern Manchuria. As:Russia will be out of the game entirely, thefield will be open to Americans, and theywill liave an unecjualed chance to establishfirmly their trade in China and Manchuria.

The Department of Agriculture is tak¬ing much interest in the mitigation of theevils of the Kansas River floods, whichlast year cost the people $20,000,000, be¬sides the loss of over l'X> lives. The Bu¬reau of Forestry urges the planting oftrees as a preventive. Where the sand hascovered the ground it is best to plant cot-tonwoods, which in 20 years will makegood saw logs. Wherever the river haschanged its course and become straighter,every effort should be made to keep thenew channel. The soft, bare banks shouldbe covered at once with willows, to pro¬tect them, and the land owners are urgedto cooperate and secure continuous beltsof timber 2.V) feet wide on both banks ofthe river. Such protection would be farmore serviceable than dikes of earth ormasonry.

.

An illustration of the paternalismwhich extends to everything in France isfurnished by the manufacture o_ playingcards, which is guarded by the Govern¬ment with the same precautions as theproduction of bank notes in our country.The importation of foreign cards is strictlyprohibited. The Government furnishes thepaper on which the cards are printed, for¬bidding the use of any other. The platesfor the court cards and the ace of clubsare the property of the Government, whichprints the first sheets and furnishes themto the manufacturers. After the cards arefinished the manufacturers submit themto the Government for its approval andstamp. Then only the cards may be soldin any part of the country.

Ross L. Clark, of Houston, Texas, asksthe courts for au injunction against theDepartment of Agriculture to prevent tbeintroduction of the Guatemalan ants intothis country for the purpose of fighting theboll weevil. Mr. Ross points out the re¬sults which have followed the introductionOf various insects and animals into othercountries, where they have become greaterpests than the previous vermin, lie saysthat the ant is a vicious cannibal, and willembarrass the work of cotton picking. TheDcgroes will not wear shoes in the cottonfield, so the ants will sting their feet andInfuse into them a poisonous venom whichwill scare the negroes away from the work,which they are none too glad to do as it is.Mr. Clark's fears are laughed at. If theint becomes too numerous and destructivethe Department can easily import someVoracious ant-eating bird.

CONSEQUENTIAL DISABILITIES.The physical consequence or result of disease or injury is a matter of consid¬

erable interest and oftentimes of paramount importance. That a great many dis¬eases leave a more or less permanent impress on the human system is almost axi¬omatic. A severe case of typhoid fever for example, may result in a derangednervous condition; pneumonia give rise to disease of lungs; malarial poisoning hefollowed by enlargement of the spleen or disease of stomach and liver; chronicdiarrhea produce a diseased condition of the alimentary tract, and rheumatismhe the prelude to disease of heart and structural changes of joints, tendons andmuscles. So. too, scurvy is often responsible for the loss of teeth or disease ofgums, sunstroke for an intolerance of heat, headache and vertigo, and measles fordisease of lungs and catarrh. A traumatic injury may and often does produce a

train of ailments quite as serious as the disability itself.These sequelae while distinct from the original causes in their character and

nature, may nevertheless be the effects of them. In other words, a specific diseaseor injury may produce in the human organism another disability of a similar or

even a different type, which disability may be responsible for even graver resultsthan the original cause.

The consideration of this important and well-known phenomenon appealsstrongly to those who are suffering from any of the thousand ills that flesh isheir to and is particularly worthy of the attention of those who have served theircountry in the army or navy and who have while so serving received an injury or

contracted disease.The Government has made provision for pensioning these disabled veterans,

their widows and orphans. Sometimes the Nation's bounty may fail to reach de¬serving cases, particularly where an attempt is made to show that the veteran diedof a disability of service origin. He may have been pensioned for a disease or

injury originating in the service, but the certificate of death may show that the im¬mediate cause of death was from some disease other than that for which he hadbeen pensioned. In the absence of proof to show the pathological connection be¬tween the disability of service origin and the fatal disease, the pension claim ifbased on the provisions of what is commonly known as the general law, is, ofcourse, rejected. It is patent that if the medical evidence in the claim were toshow that the death cause was a result or sequelate of disability of service origin,the claim might have been allowed, if the other conditions of title had been met.

The practice of the Pension Office has always recognized the doctrine of path¬ological sequence, but this recognition is not based upon any invariable rule or

exact formula. Each case is decided upon its merits. The position of the Officeis best stated in the following extract from the official "Practice of the PensionBureau," pages 24 and 25.

"In stating the pathologieal sequences of diseases which are accepted asbeing susceptible of proof it is not to be understood, in all cases, that there is adirect affinity between the original disease and the result.that is. that the onenecessarily follows the other.but that such result is susceptible of proof. For in¬stance. disease of rectum or liver may be direct pathological sequences of chronicdiarrhea; viz. there is an affinity between them which is susceptible of proof; butit is not accepted that under any circumstances they are necessary results follow¬ing chronic diarrhea * * * au sequences must l»e proven alike.

"The evidence usually required in a case where a sequence is claimed shouldshow the date said sequence first appeared, and the condition of the claimant asto the original disease at such time." * * *

The importance of this question of pathological sequence is apparent and com¬

mends itself to every veteran, both upon his own account and on account of thewife and children who may be dependent upon him.

To physicians and surgeons who have old soldiers as patients, the question islikewise of more than ordinary interest. On their testimony in a large measure is thefinal action of the Pension Office based. As a matter of justice and humanity theyshould see that such testimony be full and explicit, setting out in detail all symp¬toms and diseases, so that being in possession of all the facts, the Pension Officemay reach its conclusions intelligently and with fairness and justice to all.

The following extract from decisions made by the Secretary of the Interiorare pertinent to the subject under consideration:

A decision rendered Sept. 5, 18iM>, says:"Soldier, during his fatal illness, suffered from disease of heart, result of

rheumatism, for which he was pensioned, and also from disease of lungs, which isnot conclusively shown to be due to the service, though the evidence strongly tendsto establish the same. Both disease of lungs and disease of heart were factors incausing death, but it can not be determined with any degree of certainty whichof the two diseases was the predominant cause, or contributed most toward pro-ducing death; and it is held that, from the evidence, it is more reasonable to assumethat death was due to soldier's military service than to assume that it was not,and the doubts in the case will be resolved in favor of claimant." (8 P. D., 270.)

A decision rendered March 9, 1807 (8 P. D., 474), sustains a decision of Aug.20, 1878, which held that.

"Where soldier died of pneumonia ingrafted on a previously existing incurabledisease of lungs, caused by his army service, his death is accepted as due to theservice." (5 P. D., o. s., 45.)

A decision rendered April 14, 1807, says:"Soldier was pensioned for disease of the kidneys, result of injury of the back.

The disease of kidneys is shown to have existed all the time in more or less severeform from discharge to death. He also suffered for a few years before death fromrheumatism of the left shoulder, never very serious. He died of dilatation of theheart. It is held that the disease of kidneys was the predominating disability, andthe more likely cause of the fatal disease, in view of all the evidence, and that what¬ever doubt may exist on the subject should be resolved in favor of the claimant."(8 P. I)., 511.)

A decision rendered Aug. 21, 1807 (0 P. I)., 113), confirms a decision renderedJan. 11, 1890, which held that.

"Where the evidence, lay and medical, goes to show that the cause for whichpension was granted to a soldier was complicated with a disease which was the im¬mediate cause of the soldier's death, the Department will sustain the widow'sclaim for {tension on account of the soldier's death from said complication ofcauses, holding the same, for pensionable purposes, to be due to the line of duty inthe service." (3 P. D., 313.)

In the earlier case the disabilities of service origin became complicated, in lastillness, with ccrebro meningitis, not pathologically related to the other disabilities,but which became the immediate cause of death. The decision says that the pre-I»onderance of evidence "goes to establish the fact that the soldier's death was thelegitimate end of a long period of shattered health, the beginning of which is di¬rectly traceable to the service, which he entered, after a thorough examination, asa stout and healthy man." In the later case heart disease, due to rheumatism ofservice origin, was complicated, in last illness, with suppurative disease of lungs,which caused death. The decision says:

"It is not medically established that there was a pathological connection be¬tween the lung lesion and heart affection |andj although it may be admitted thatboth were factors in the death cause, yet the former, disease of lungs, was the mostprominent;" but as "it is a well-established theory that the existence of disease ofiieart seriously complicates any lung lesion," the case was ordered allowed.

THE A8SASSINATI0N OF VON PLEHVE.The assassination of the Russian Min¬

ister of Interior. M. Von Plehve, the most

powerful man in the Empire, tfhocks theworld, and is another grievous burden tothe many under w4iich the rotten and de¬crepit Empire is tottering. M. Von Plehvewas a type of the bureaucratic ring whichrules Russia in the name of the Czar. Hewas not a man of the highest intelligence,but of great personal force and untiringactivity. lie represented the ideas andschemes of the despotic and unscrupulousregime which holds Russia down to theworst of old ways, and crushed any ten¬dency toward reform with a merciless handof iron. It is charged, with every ap¬pearance of truth, that he iiwtigated thehorrible massacre of the Jews at Kishenef,in onler to distract the attention of thepeople from the iniserableness of internalaffa rs. To him wan attributed the re¬

morseless rigors of the Russian rule inPoland. There is no doubt that he plannedand carried out the wicked policy for thedestruction of the lil>erties and civilizationof Finland. This made him the most de¬tested man in the Empire by all those whothought of and ho]>ed for l»etter things inRussia. He was also the most feared man,because he had grown up with the infa¬mous secret police of Russia, had all itsworkings at his fingers* ends, and couldvirtually do anything that he pleased withit. His public career showed him to bea man with a cynical disbelief in every¬thing which other people consider rightand just, lie was an ardent advocate ofthe war in the East, in order to arousean excitement to distract attention fromthings at home. The assassination mayhave the effect of weakening the war partyand the grip of the Russian Bourbwho hold Russia back to the evil wayspast centuries.

(iES. John C. Black, Commander-in-Chief, G- A. R., left Washington last weekto join Mrs. Black at Mackinac Island.He will remain there until it is time to goto the National Encampment

GRATIFYING PR0GEES8 OF THE NEGRO.A recent bulletin of the Census Bureau

on "The Negro in the United States"gives a most gratifying exhibition of theprogress of the race, and one which willbo somewhat surprising even to the bestfriends of the negro. This is particularlytrue of the negro in agricultural pursuits.He is learning to be a good fanner.quiteslowly some may think, but still learning.He has a strong desire to get and improvea farm of his own. This is shown by thefollowing statistics of the farms of thecountry:

Total. Negro.Farms 5,737,372 740.715Imp'd acreage 414,498,487 23.302,798Val. property. $20,439,901,1 #5-4 $499.!M3,734Val. products. $4,739,118,752 $255,751,145Thus it will be seen that the negro

fanner conducts more than one-eighth ofthe farms of the country and raises morethan five per cent, of the products. Onlytwo per cent, of the farms owned and runby negrties are in the North. More thanone-half of the negro farms are in the fourStates of Mississippi, South Carolina, Al¬abama and Georgia. Nearly one-half ofthese farms are what are known as "one-mule fanns," of from 20 to 50 acres, andnearly one-fifth are "two-mule farms,"from 50 to 100 acres.Of the 740,715 farms cultivated by ne¬

groes 21 per cent, are owned entirely bythem, ami 4.2 per cent, are owned in partby them, which shows that -10 years afterEmancipation 25.2 per cent., or one-fonrth,of the negro farmers have acquired home¬steads.

In South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama,Mississippi and Ixiuisiana the negroesform from 45 to 00 per cent, of the popu¬lation, and are from 35 to 00 per cent, ofthe fanners. The negroes of the Southfarm more than one-sixth of the improvedacreage and raise more than one-sixth ofthe gross products. They hire one-tenthof the farm labor and use one-fifth of thefertilizers. In Louisiana, Mississippi andSouth Carolina the percentage is stillhigher, where one-half of the farms are

conducted bgr tjtfrrqes. They raise morethan one-half of the products in Missis¬sippi and two-fifths*of that in South tfavo~lina. The negro farmers produce almosttwo-fifths of the cotton raised, more thanone-fifth of the sweet potatoes and aboutone-tenth of the tobacco and rice.

Thus*, in spite of all political talk, itwould seem thai tli^ negro is getting alongastonishingly well for a race which only40 years ago w^s bought and sold in theopen market, with the average price perhead of $505.

I

PARKER'S CHANCES.. .

«¦ jF iguring on the result is now the chiefbusiness of the papers of both sides. TheDemocrats to show how Parker can beelected and the Republicans that it is im¬possible for him to be. The New YorkTimes (Pem.), makes this list of States,which cast their vote in 1802 for Mr.Cleveland and four years later voted forMcKinley. The votes given are those theyare entitled to by the last apportionment:1802. States. 1004.

8 California 100 Connecticut 03 Delaware 3

24 Illinois 2715 Iudiana 15

1002.8 Maryland 8

5 Michigan 510New Jersey 12

30 New York 391 North Dakota 1

1 Ohio 1<»West Virginia 712Wisconsin 13

In this it will be seen that the votes ofMichigan, Ohio and North Dakota were

divided in 1802.As Mr. Parker will start in with 151

votes from the Solid South, he will require88 votes from elsewhere to elect him, andthis counting gives him something over 00more than he would need. On this basishe could be elected without New York.On any other basis of calculation NewYork is essential to him. The Times as¬

sumes that Parker's nomination settlesNew York and l>avis's nomination settlesWest Virginia, with the assurance thatMaryland and Delaware will go with WestVirginia. A number of Eastern paperswhich supported Cleveland and af erwardopposed Bryan are now supporting Parker.Among these in New York are the Herald,Times, World and Evening Post and theEagle in Brooklyn.

Republican papers, on the other hand,generally pronounce Parker's election as"hopeless." They claim that not only willthe Republicans hold all the States thatthey carried in 1000, except Maryland, butthat they have a very good chance of carry¬ing four of the Western States, which in1000 went to Bryan.The Indianapolis News (Ind.), which is

owned in part l>y Senator Fairbanks, saysthat the State is. tolerably sure for Roose¬velt. Mr. Roosevelt has made enemies inIndiana, but 'Ther^ is little of that de¬termined opposition that is found in theEast." If all the gold Democrats in theState vote for Parker, and they are joinedto all who voted for Bryan, the State maybe considered as doubtful. That this shalloccur is the ettretde hope on the partof the Democrats. McKinley's pluralityin 1800 in Indiana was 18,000, and in1000, 20,000. It is claimed of this plurali¬ty 25,000 were Gold Democrats.

Ex-President Cleveland writes that theoutlook is "full of congratulation andhope."

In his first estimate Chairman Cortelyouclasses New York, New Jersey and WestVirginia as doubtful, and gives the follow¬ing arrangement for the rest of the States:

FOR ROOSEVELT.California 10Colorado 5Connecticut 7Delaware 3Idaho 3Illinois 27Indiana 15Iowa 13Kansas 10Maine 0Maryland 8Massachusetts 10Michigan 14Minnesota 11Montana 3Nebraska 8Nevada 3New Hampshire 4Nort1» Dakota 4Ohio 23Oregon 4Pennsylvania 34Rhode Island 4South Dakota 4I'tali 3Vermont 4Washington 5Wisconsiu 13Wyoming 3

Total 207FOR PARKER.

Alabama 11Arkansas 0Florida 5Georgia 13Kentucky 13Louisiana 0Mississippi 10Missouri 18North Carolina 12South Carolina 0Tennessee 12Texas 18Virginia 12

Total 151This gives Roosevelt 28 votes to spare,

so that he could lose one big or severalsmall States from the list, and yet beelected.

#.

In answer to questions propounded bythe Isthmian Canal Commission as to thestatus of the Canal Zone in the eyes ofthe law and the Treasury Department, theComptroller of^the Treasury Department,Hon. R. J. TpacevMell, replies in a vol¬uminous opinion.'-The Canal Zone is nota part of the J'nit&d States, and neitherare the Constitutor or laws applicable toit, though the general spirit and purpose ofthe Constitution afle. Beyond this thezone and that "WhH'li relates to it are un¬der the President 'jipd such officers as hemay appoint. is to be governed by suchregulations as he in his sound discretionshall approve. local revenues of thezone are not m^fteys of tlie United States,to be accounted1 for to the Treasury, butare under the t*6nlrbl of the Canal Coin-

. l! < Imission.

>ij I ; . , ,A queer fea.tyire « developing in regardto the marvelous accumulation of old junkon the Isthmus. It would seem that in thegrand scheme of corruption, which de¬scribes the French Company's operations,anybody iu France or Belgium who hadanything to sell which he could not workoff elsewhere could get a market for it onthe Isthmus. There are thousands of tonsof machinery, locomotives, rails, and otherfabrics of steel and iron which were neverused, never intended to be used, and nevercould be used, but which were bought bythe company under some pretense or otherand sent to the Isthmus. Much of it wasso utterly worthless that it was used forfoundations of houses. It was piled intothe mud where it was desired to put upsomething, and a building erected upon it

SiHlemShorty~ andtheirComradesmt*&$

en JohnnyGameMarchingHome.*Copyright 1901 by tuk Pcriishkrs of The National Tribimk.

Marching Orer the War-Swept Plains of Ma¬nassas.Fairfax Court House.First Viewof the Great National Capital."There," said the Adjutant, as theymarched down onto the plateau of Fred¬

ericksburg, and turned around to surveyMarye's lights from the standpoint ofthe Union assault. "There was the high¬est crest reached by American valor, 1don't care what anybody says to the con¬trary. Pickett's charge at Gettysburg,that they talk so much about, isn't to liecompared to it. Pickett's charge wasnuide over almost level ground, withoutobstructions, and without defenses. Thatthere is a powerful natural fort, with themost complete ditch and obstructions, inthat canal, and the sunken road, with itsstone wall. I wouldn't want a better placeto defend, and I couldn't find one this sideof Quebec. Pickett's charge was madeagainst an army shaken by two days ofterrific battling. This was made againsta perfectly fresh army, which had beenwaiting for weeks for it. Pickett's chargewas repulsed by substantially two divisionsof the Second Corps. It took the wholerebel army to beat this back. Pickett'smen went into the charge confident thatthey were going to crown the successes ofthe previous two days with a sweepingvictory, which would end the war and es-

between 200 and inhabitants. Picketstations, temporary hospitals, and a hun- (dred "scraps" between the cavalry andthe guerrillas had included it in the gen¬eral desolation. The old court house,"built with bricks brought from England,as is said of nearly every one of the olderbuildings in Tidewater Virginia, still stood,but there was little of it left hut the wallsand roof. Doors, windows, de>ks andbenches were gone, and the records of !.»<.years.the legal business of the Washing-tons, the Fairfaxes, Masons, Marshall*.Lees, C'ustises. and the other great onesof the palmy days of Fairfax County'shistory were only saved by some thought¬ful Quartermaster loading them into att

army wagon and sending them to \\ ash-ington quite early in the war.They were now but l!l miles from

Washington, and their steps were gettinglonger ami swifter as they felt their near¬ness to the great city, which had beenforemost in every one's thought duringall those long, eventful years.

It was to rheir eager young mirofci atrue City of Enchantment. Goodness.greatne«<s and power centered there. Ev¬erybody of prominence went there. Manystayed- From there came the orders andlaws which had shaj>ed their lives, anddetermined on Peace or War. They were

IN SIGHT OF

tablish the Southern Confederacy in tri-1Umph. The men who charged MaryesHights were old enough soldiers to knowthat it had hardly a chance of success, andthey were simply going to destnu-tionYet they drove forward to within laOvards of that stone wall, and left scoresof their dead there to mark their farth^tadvance. Nothing in the history of warshows such desperate, unhesitating valor,and it proves the Ameriestn soldier to betlie finest in the world. There is nothingthat he will not dare whenever duty seems

t0'-No one has learned that better thanI" answered the Major. "In my threeyears' service I never found any tlm-vdesperately dangerous that my men wouIdnot attempt it upon the instant of mentioning what was wanted to be done.

"Yes, we have always had more vol¬unteers than we needed," agreed the Ad-

^The' march for the next two days wasover the Plains of Manassas, only lessdreary and depressing than that throughthe colossal Golgotha «>f thefrom the Kapidan to the James. Beforethe war the Plains of Manassas were afsiir snot of earth to travel over. The> areto-day. From the lowlying, blue Bull HunMountains on the west, tl,e,r« s

melting in blue haze, to where the gran tfoundation sinks abruptly into the \ a -

levs of the Potomac and the Rappanannock, is a broad, undulating expanse, ju.stbroken enough to give it J^wVFilling the landscape are held*, meadows,pastures with grazing cattle, streti-hes^dverdant woodlands. orchards, lllr,creeks, running in crystal flow over w li <

pebbles, comfortable farm houses^ hone-t imes pretentious mansions, narrowvellow bands of roads running to townswhich have tilled a large space m history.So it appeared before the war. So it

appears^now^ ^ ^ region where men andwomen can grow to their best, and ^.etout of life what ever there is m them to K"out It was the home of many of thegreatest men that Virginia produced, andwhence went some of the best regimeihi the Confederate army. .

When the 200th Ind. marched *cros8,thad been for years the camping place themanuvering ground and thet lftwo immense armies, and the runw a> rbands of guerrillas and thealrv of both armies. hverj rood of tnsoii had felt, innumerable tunes tUe t!rof armed men and the hoof-txat ot tmwir-horse. Everywhere camps had b°»n,hospitals iiad sheltered the battle-stricken,pickets hid stood, lines-of-battle hadfnrmpd cavalry had charged..

All iia.1 left'traces of rnin, mementoesof "rSe and death, to mark their

PrAsnfir; as the eye could read.i there wasnot a tree, not even ..dump <>«_b.sheaVothinc that would make nre nau «-»(,,;dr weary, hungry soldier, eager to3 his coffee and cook his meat.

In their frequent marches and counter¬marches a bit of wood was a lucky hnd.and was picked up and carried along towhere a halt was made for <amp.A niece of woodland that escaped one

march was snre to be selected on the nextliv the first Colonel looking for a Placto camp his regiment "near wood and

'

looks a thousand times worse war-swept marching through it ban, it. d dwhen we went on the railroau,marked Si, who as rnnkingSergoantimwmarched on the right of < o. <4. wiorijnlace as the second ranking Seigeant,w is on the left of the company, but heusually stayed with Si at °Ski\lmoreinsi Monty Scruggs and I etc Skuunoreo bring np the left. There was no troubleabout Uiis, however, for everybody wasloo keen to get on to Washington to think°f "Straggle" remarked Shorty, whensomething was said about it. "Great Je-hosepliatf a man who'd straggle in thiscountry, where there ain t a chicken 11310 Counties, nor a smoke-house betweethis and the Fourth of .Tuly.^o«Mdoitfrom pure wickedness. I don t won lerthat the rebels fought so hard to 1keSS, *

Army of the Potomac m here. Threemonths here ought to be enough to rum thfinest army ever organused. It s a heapworse than Chattanooga.

CourtThey camped at night at 1-airfax t.ourtHouse, which had once been a town ot

WASHIWGTON.

coming to the fountain-head of everything.Somehow they could not imagine it likeany other city in the world.The sun of a bright day was sinking be¬

low the summits of the Blue Uidge whenthey came out on the brow of a hill aboveAlexandria, and saw the City of (ireenand White spread out before them in thegreat amphitheater bounded by the semi¬circle of hills north of the Potomac. Thatwas before the wilderness of new build¬ings of staring red had come to thrust anew tone into the predominating colorsof the war-time city.They drank in, with swift, hungry eyes,all the details of the scene.Directly in front of them was the line

of heavy works encircling the city.worksbuilt with measureless labor by the youngvolunteers of the Army of the Potomac,in the Fall and Winter of lHCil, and en¬larged and completed by the heavy artil¬lery regiments which garrisoned Washing¬ton for two years. There were long linesof breastworks, connecting the great fortson every hill-top. hi front of all ran deepditches, and before these were abatis,chevaux-de-frise and palsades, and allforms of obstructions and entanglements.From every fort gai»ed the black mouthsof huge guns, and the defenses were asperfect as art and infinite labor couldmake them.Away to the right, upon a broad plain

at the side of the widening Potomac. la>quaint old Alexandria, which had bustledmuch more in the last four years than inall of its previous century, by reason ofbeing a base of supplies for the army. Thewhole of the great level plateau was cov¬ered with camps, barracks, hospitals, cor¬rals, Quartermaster, Commissary andordnance wIkkIs, and there were teams andmen enough moving to carry on the com¬merce of a great city.Among the noteworthy sights

bales of hay piled as high as hills.Miles to the left rose the hights of

Arlington, crowned by the stately IjeeMansion. It looked at that distance to beveritable stone, instead of lath-and-plasterimitation.

Across the broad Potomac, upon whoselakelike bosom lay a great fleet of warships, transports and merchant vessels,with busy little tugs rushing about likegiant water insects, lay the National Cap¬ital, with its rectangular streets, broadavenues, and innumerable parks, squaresand circles, now making a brave effort togreen over the ravages of their use ascamps and corrals. Everywhere were thegreat low buildings of rough boards, builtfor hospitals, barracks, and storehouses.

Si and Shorty pointed out to the rest theWhite House, the great white mass of theunfinished Capitol, the Treasury, PatentOffice, Smithsonian, the Navy Yard,Arsenal, and the famous I^ong Bridge, overwhich 1,000,000 had been marched to bat-tie, and 100,000 sick and wounded broughtback to till the hospitals.On the line of hills beyond the city.|to the east, north and west.was continued

the circle of heavy forts and connectingbreastworks, extending from the command¬ing hights on the Potomac above George¬town to the Anacostia llills below it. Theline was 35 miles long, and required 23,-000 men to occupy it.

All the forts were garrisoned, and flewtheir flags. Every suitable piece of groundinside the great circle of circumvallationwas now a regimental, brigade or divisioncamp, maintained with the utmost disci¬pline, and flying a regular garrison flag.With the flags on the public buildings, thehospitals, the storehouses, and the shippingin the river this made a wilderness of ban¬ners, a glorious riot of the National colors.The green and white seemed to have blos¬somed flowers in radiant beauty, risingfar toward the glad sunshine of perfectdays following the storms of war.in all of the camps and forts, over thewhole of the 100 square miles of the origi¬nal District of Columbia, they were nowholding dress parades of all of the 100,-000 or more men then camped in andaround Washington.The men, dressed in their freshest and

best, with their muskets shining like sil¬ver, were marching into line, while bandsby the hundreds were filling the after¬noon air with bursts of patriotic melodies.

"Sav, Shorty, this is a country worthfighting for," said Si, deeply impressed bythe wonderful scene. "I'm glad ^that Ibelong to it, and was born in it.

*.(), yes, and you deserve to be pattedon the' back for liaving selected ludianaas your birthplace, when other fellows,who didn't know no better, were letting,themselves be born in England, Germany,

ai>4 other benighted portion* of the world,"laughed Shorty. "Well, it's a good dealof work to live up to beiug born an Ameri¬can. hut after looking at this I think itis worth it."

"I wish Abe Lincoln could have livedto have seen ail this," murmured Si. "Haof all men deserved to."

"Major." said an Aid riding up andsaluting. "You will pick out ^ l*»*tpla<*e von can find around here. Hiid putyour men into camp. Yon will then get themready for the tlrand Review. The Armyof the Potomac will be reviewed on the23d, and Sherman's Army the next day.Issue new clothing to those who need it,and get rheni into the be>t i*»s*ible shape.The Army of the Potomac is going to puton it* best frills, and beat the Regular*,if it can. and we don't want to look Ukea iKMind boy at a husking, so put your1^'jpt foot foremost.""Very good." replied the Major. "Pre¬

sent my compliments to the General, andtell him that the 200th Ind. will, as u*ual.make every effort to be a credit to tin;brigade and the corps."

"1>o you hear that. you InjiannyHoosiers?" said Shorty to the company."That means that you've got to drop witha dull thud your Georgia and South Caro¬lina manners, and l>ehave as if you'vebeen brought up among white folks. I^et'smake people believe that out in Injiannywe know just as much about paper collarsand white gloves as the Army of the Po¬tomac. I know it'll give some of youcolds to take a good wash, and you'llhave to learn all over attain how to blaekyour shoes, but let's do it for the sake ofthe State that raises the fattest hogs andthe tallest corn, the pretties* girls and thebest soldier* of any in the Union."The boys answered wih a veil of ap¬proval. and set about making camp.

(To l>e continued.)

TO ENCOURAGE AMERICAN MARKSMANSHIPThe War Department has taken a very

important step forward in the direction ofeducating American youth in rifle shootingby the approval of a system for a "Na¬tional Marksman's Reserve." The objectof this is tlie encouragement of the scienceof marksmanship, and if the plans resultas anticipated it will in a few years pro¬duce in the United States 1.000,000 menwho will have for practical purposes onthe battlefield nearly all the requirementsfor the most efficient soldiers in the world.The National Rifle Association is estab¬lished for the purpose of encouraging prac¬tice shooting, and among its objects will beto establish and encourage shooting gal¬leries and field ranges. It prop»»ses to pur¬chase at cost rifles resembling those nowin use in the Regular Army, and sell themat a slight advance to those who wish topractice, and ammunition as near cost aspossible. Literature will l>e furnished toevery one who desires it. and the follow¬ing regulations have been established formembership in the association:

"1. All members of the National RifleAssociation and of affiliated organizationsare eligible to compete.

"2. They must be citizens between theages of 18 and 45.

"3. The course will consist of 21 shots;five shots for record at 200. 300 and 500yards; two sighting shots allowed at eachrange, which must be taken.

"4. Arm..The I'nited States magazinerifle, caliber .30, or a rifle that has beenviewed and stamped by the National RifleAssociation. Ammunition. I'. S. serviceor private makes that come within therules.

"5. Entrance fee. 25 cents. Officialscore sheets can be secured from the Sec¬retary of the local affiliated organization,or if not a member of any local organiza¬tion direct from the Secretary of the Na¬tional Rifle Association.

"0. The score sheets of those who makea total soore of 50 points at all rangeswill be forwarded to the Secretary of theNational Rifle Association, who will tabu¬late them and forward to the War De¬partment. All those who qualify will re¬ceive a National Marksman's button."

* * * . . . .

It is recommended that a bill be intro¬duced in Congress appropriating, say,$1,000,000 per year for five years, to beexpended under the direction of the Secre¬tary of War in the promotion of thisscheme. It proposes to establish ranges,to be open to civilians on Saturdays andholidays. Inspectors of Rifle Practice areto be appointed from the National Guardof each State, with superior Inspectorsfrom the Regular Army. It is also sug¬gested that there shall be details from Reg¬ular troops as markers and scorers at suchranges as civilians may use for practice.Another proposition is to furnish everyone who wishes to practice with 25 roundsof ammunition free of cost, and all addi¬tional at half the actual cost.

The diplomats of Europe are in generaleven more hostile to the rise of Japan intoa world power than they were to our as¬

sumption of that rank. Our rise was in ameasure discounted. Ever since the firstannouncement of the Monroe Doctrine themore astute among the diplomats realizedthat as fast as our strength and resources

developed we would assume a predomi¬nance over this whole hemisphere.

Especially since the suppression of therebellion they saw that it would be an

uphill struggle to contend with our influ¬ence this side of the Atlantic, and thewisest auioug them prudently refrainedfrom any serious thought of it. It iswholly different with Japan. The rise ofthe Japanese means a new force to bereckoned with in any plans for power orinfluence in the myriad-peopled Orient.Only England can view with equanimitythe rise of Japan. England has gottensubstantially all she wants iu the East,and mainly desires to be secure in herpresent holdings. She does not want anything that threatens India, nor any inter¬ference with the open door in China.Japan's success will cripple Rursia, keepher off India, and stop her aggressions iuChina. At the same time the English donot want the Japanese to become too big.France and Germany would like to seeRussia win. because Russia's seizure ofManchuria and Korea would be a pretextand justification of their grabbing largeslices of China. With Japan completelyvictorious all thought of Chinese posses¬sions must vanish, ami France's holdupon Cochin-China may be shakeu.

Australia now has a strictly LaborUnion Cabinet. Mr. J. C. Watson, who isboth Prime Minister and Treasurer, was 10years ago an unknown printer on an even¬

ing paper in Sydney. He could not getwork in his trade all the time, so that hehad to get employment wherever he could.At one time he was a groom in Lord Car-rington's stables. One of the other Minis¬ters is a miner, a third an unbrella-maker,the fourth an agricultural laborer, the fifthan engine-fitter, the sixth a reporter, andthe seventh is the only non-laborer, but lieis a lawyer, with very advanced views onLabor Unions. Premier Watson, theprinter, has never before held office, but beis a cool, moderate, sensible man, with agift for saying exactly what he wishes tosay, and not a word more. He has alsogreat tact, and can enforce discipline with*out making it apparent.

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