Chapter Three

1Testing StandardsReliabilityThe degree to which a procedure or test will yield the same results under the same conditionsTest-retest reliability

Internal consistency

Inter-rater reliability

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2Testing StandardsValidityDoes it test what it is supposed to?Predictive validity

Criterion-related validity

Construct validity

Content validityEmotionCognitiveBehavior

SCORE = 100

3AssessmentProcess of gathering information and drawing conclusions about an ones personalityObservationsControlled (analogue) observationsNaturalistic observationsReactivity

InterviewsFormal standardized interviewhighly structuredMental status examinationdetermine an individuals cognitive, psychological, and behavioral functioning

4Projective Personality TestsRorschach TechniqueThematic Apperception Test (TAT)Sentence-Completion TestDraw-a-Person

Problems: Reliability Validity Subjectivity5

Psychological Tests and Inventories6Self-Report InventoriesMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI and MMPI-2)Beck Depression InventoryPsychometrics

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9Intelligence TestsPrimary functions:Obtain IQAssess deterioration in psychotic disordersSecondary function:Provide clinical dataWechsler Scales and Stanford-Binet ScalesIntellectual functioning is related to brain wave patterns and rate of glucose metabolism10

curmudgeoncurmudgeon11Figure 3.2: A Bell Curve Showing Standard Deviations

55708510011513014512Tests for Cognitive ImpairmentDetect and assess organicity damage or deterioration in the central nervous system

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Neurological Tests15

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20DSM-IV-TR: The Five AxesAxis I: Clinical syndromesAxis II: Personality disorders and mental retardationAxis III: General medical conditionsAxis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problemsPrognosis: predict future course of disorderAxis V: Global assessment of functioningComorbidity: Co-occurrence of different disorders21Evaluation of the DSM Classification SystemDSM-IV-TR: Stronger reliability and validity than previous editionsCriticisms:Medical (not social/interpersonal) orientationLacks scientific theory for classificationsPolitical/practical aspects inseparable from scientific considerationsOverlooks differences in degree of severityCross-cultural issues still overlookedQuestion usefulness for research