Testing and standardized test procedures

for SOFC, SOEC and PEM testing

Eva Ravn Nielsen Center Manager, PhD

13-04-2015

Outline

• FCH Test Center - DTU Energy

• Testing

• Standardization of test methods

• Other projects

• Contact

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FCH Test Center

DTU Energy

• Technologies for energy conversion and storage

• 250 employees – mainly at Risø Campus, Denmark

• More than 100 working on fuel cells and electrolysis

• Fuel cells R&D and testing since 1987

• Since 2010 commercial testing through FCH Test Center

Copenhagen

DTU Risø Campus Roskilde

DTU Energy

• Focus on industrial collaboration and industrial processes

• Fundamental investigations component manufacture

• SOFC, SOEC, HT-PEM, H2 storage, batteries and more

• Materials and component development

• Manufacturing processes for ceramics

• Advanced testing

• Characterization

• Modelling

FCH Test Center

• Testing

• Training

• Consultancy

• Advanced testing and demonstration of components and systems.

• Standardized test procedures

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Testing

Electrochemical testing - SOFC/SOEC

• iV-curves and impedance spectroscopy

• “Finger print” combines testing at a number of temperatures with several gas compositions

• Reveal the performance of individual parts of the cell

• Performed at beginning and end of test, it will explain degradation mechanisms

• Cells, small stacks, full size stacks

• Open source software: www.elchemea.dk

Microscopy

• Advanced characterization techniques

• Degradation mechanism - e.g. impurities, grain growth, delamination etc.

• Visualization of the electronically conducting phase interconnected within the electrodes - percolation of Ni particles.

K. Thydén, Y. L. Liu and J. B. Bilde-Sørensen, Solid state Ionics. (2008) 178, 1984-1989. Hauch, S. H. Jensen, J. B. Bilde-Sørensen, M. Mogensen, J. of Electrochem. Soc. (2007) 154, A619-A626

Corrosion testing

• Corrosion of metallic interconnects measured at high temperature and relevant conditions

• Post mortem analysis by e.g. scanning electron microscopy.

Molin, S., Chen, M., Hendriksen, P.V. J. of Power Sources, (2014) 251, p. 488-495. Persson, Å. H., Mikkelsen, L., Hendriksen, P. V., Somers, M.A.J. J. of Alloys and Compounds, (2012) 521, p. 16–29.

Advanced mechanical testing

Mechanical testing at high temperatures in controlled atmospheres can be used to optimize heating profiles with respect to resulting strength.

Specially designed set-up for four-point bending testing of multiple samples in one heat-up. Reliable results in short time.

H. L. Frandsen, D. J. Curran, S. Rasmussen, P. V. Hendriksen, J. Power Sources, 258 (2014) 195-203 K. Kwok, L. Kiesel, H.L. Frandsen, M. Søgaard, P.V. Hendriksen, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc (2014), 34 1423–1432.

High pressure testing

• Testing SOFC / SOEC up to 30 bar

• Construction of test setup for high pressure tests on-going:

• Cells up to 100 bar

• Stacks up to 50 bar

Standardization of test methods

PEM FC test procedures

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant n° 303445 10.

• STACK-TEST project, 2012 - 2015

• Industrial relevant test procedures for PEM FC stacks

• Application specific test programs

• Performance

• Endurance

• Safety

Endurance test procedures

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3 endurance test modules developed: - Continuous operation

- Load cycling

- Start-stop

Technical Forum, Tuesday at 10:40

SOFC/SOEC test procedures • SOCTESQA project, 2014 – 2017

• Test procedures for single cells and stacks

• Various applications - involvment of the industry:

• WORKSHOP – December 15th 2015, NAPLES (Italy)

• Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

• Solide oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)

• Reversible SOFC/SOEC operation

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under application n° 621245

Reversible SOFC-SOEC - following a supply and demand profile

• Actual wind profile and electricity demand on the island of Ærø

• Long-time testing SOFC-SOEC long time reflecting actual profiles

17 C. Graves et al.

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Other projects

Demonstration of µ-CHP • ene.field project, 2012-2017

• Europe-wide demonstration of up to 1000 µ-CHP systems in 12 countries

• PEM, HT-PEM and SOFC units. Analyses of potentials and barriers.

The ene.field project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement No 303462

The right testing solution for your company!

Fuel Cells – Electrolyzers - Batteries

Cells – Stacks – Components

Electrochemical performance

Materials characterization

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Public Forum presentation on Thursday at 10.00

Speeding up commercial breakthrough

– SOFC/SOEC know-how from DTU

by Prof. Anke Hagen

Eva Ravn Nielsen Center Manager, PhD www.fch.dk | www.energy.dtu.dk

Frederik Berg Nygaard Business Development Engineer

Please visit us at:

Booth E 65/2 - DTU

Karl Thydén Development Engineer, PhD

Contact