Test Your Comprehension Vocabulardemethoca

COMPREHENSION PASSAGES TEST-1-

Medicine in India is not now and never has been the exclusive province of physicians, though physicians have often attempted to arrogate that privilege to themselves. Even today there are thousands of otherwise non-medical people all over India who have somehow learned a diagnostic or treatment method and regularly use it to alleviate suffering. For example, one man who used to sell fruit on a Bombay street was also well known in our locality for his ability to diagnose disease by just looking at a sample of the patient's urine. Another man in a different part of Bombay brews up a single product, a decoction used in liver ailments and dispenses it free to everyone who asks for it.

1- The author of the passage places particular emphasis on the fact that medicine.............

A) has been always neglected by the physicians in India

B) is not a special area of learning or activity for doctors in India

C) has gained enormous significance for people in India

D) produces considerable benefit for those suffering from severe illnesses

E) is an area that physicists do not make use o f

In 1977, Elvis died, Gerald Ford left the White House, and Bill Gates still conducted business correspondence on a typewriter. Most Americans had never seen a personal computer, much less a laptop. Meanwhile, James Martin looked into the future and saw the Internet, as well as computers in everyone's pockets. In his book The Wired Society, he proclaimed that by the year 2000, computers and other devices linked by fiber optics, telephone lines, and radio waves would allow millions of people to exchange electronic mail, shop for merchandise, trade stocks, work at home, take classes, pay taxes, plan vacations, and entertain themselves. He added that entrepreneurs who jumped in early would reap vast fortunes.

4- What the author of the passage places emphasis on is that James Martin........ A) had not been able to foresee the advancement

that would happen in future B) was more intelligent than most of his

contemporaries C) trained people that would be the forerunners

of computer technology in future D) was able to prophesy accurately some of

today's technological developments more than a couple of decades ago

E) did never find the opportunity to talk to Bill Gates

2- Of the statements below the one not mentioned in the passage is that......

A) people rely on non-medical treatments B) the number of non-medical people in India

is high C) physicians have specialised in non-medical

treatment methods D) in India, there a number of people who

have in some way learnt non-medical treatment methods

E) non-medical treatment methods are used only in rural areas

3- The example given in the passage suggests that in India .........

A) Bombay is a very modern city B) fruits and vegetables are used for

medicinal purposes C) people are not affected by adverse effects

of medicine D) even ordinary people know non-medical

treatment methods E) liver ailments can be recovered by simple

treatments

5- From the statements in the passage, we can understand that.......... A) today's entrepreneurs are greatly indebted to

James Martin for his encouragement B) internet technology owes so much to Bill

Gates C) today's sophisticated technology had already

been foreseen by James Martin D) James Martin's book, The Wired Society,

deals with the rapid developments of our day E) the year 2000 became the time when most of

the predictions of James Martin came true

6- One can infer from the passage that........... A) those who acted promptly in the field of

technology benefited substantially from it B) Bill Gates is not the wealthiest man C) those who had not taken financial risks in the

past lost their chance of rivalry D) today's advanced technology is entirely

thanks to the wise enterprises of James Martin

E) the White House was not wealthy enough to make use of the advanced technology at the time


Every man lives in two realms, the internal and the external. The internal is that realm of spiritual ends expressed in art, literature, morals and religion. The external is that complex of devices, techniques, mechanisms and instrumentalists by means of which we live. Our problem today is that we have allowed the internal to become lost in the external. We have allowed the means by which we live to outdistance the ends for which we live. Enlarged material powers spell enlarged peril if there is not proportionate growth of the soul. When the external of man's nature subjugates the external, dark storm clouds begin to form.

7- From the statements in the passage one can understand that so as to overcome our problem today.........

A) the gap between generations should be bridged

B) our purpose in life has to be solely spiritual C) the means by which we live should be

sophisticated D) we should increase our knowledge of the

universe E) we must maintain the balance between our

material progress and spiritual progress

8- One can draw a conclusion from the passage that .........

A) in order to lead a virtuous life one should not ignore the importance of art and literature

B) one's strength can be measured by his material powers

C) the spiritual world of a man cannot compete with the developments of the material world

D) modern life can be lived by the true understanding of fine arts

E) the richer we become materially, the poorer we become morally and spiritually

A long time ago, it was believed that great white sharks attacked boats and ate people by choice. And, besides, white great sharks appeared to be infinite in number. Today we know these wonderful creatures are not villains - but victims in danger of serious decline. Scientists estimate that populations of some shark species have dropped by 80 percent. Though precise numbers are not available, in some areas of the world white sharks are not reproducing at a rate sufficient to maintain the population. For all their grace, power and manifest menace, white sharks are remarkably fragile.

10- The author of the passage places emphasis on the fact that.........

A) white sharks are not in danger of extinction as it is believed today

B) the number of white sharks is on the decrease

C) the belief the people in the past held about white sharks is now quite acceptable

D) the increasing number of white sharks is a real source of danger

E) the attitude of white sharks toward humans is misleading

11- In contrast to the previously held belief, it's now clear that white sharks .........

A) face very terrible climatic changes B) are not able to reproduce as they were

before C) are found in large numbers D) are not, in fact, relentless toward humans E) have been threatening human beings for

centuries

9- In the passage the world "realm" probably refers to ..........

A) an aspect of man B) spiritual progress C) material power D) having and showing worldly experience E) unconquerable spirit

12- We can infer from the passage that the low reproduction rate of white sharks........

A) eliminates the danger they pose for people B) is due to their body structure C) will one day lead to their extinction D) comes from their not taking in adequate

foods E) justifies what people had thought a long

time ago


Most experts agree that a lion will attack a human only if provoked. But the experts also suggest that knowledge of the warning signs are mandatory for anyone who travels by foot in the bush. An angry lion will drop to a crouch, flatten its ears, and flick its tail tip rapidly from side to side. Low grunts and growls can often be heard; and just prior to a charge, the tail is jerked up and down. While these warning signs are important, it is perhaps of greater importance that a lion can bolt from a crouch and travel 40 yards in less than 2.7 seconds.

1- What most experts are unanimous in is that

A) in any case a lion will attack a human B) a lion is successful in deceiving humans by

camouflaging itself well C) lions don't make good pets D) a lion won't attack a human if not provoked E) growls of a lion can be heard from some

miles away

2- The author of the passage says that for anyone who travels by foot in the bush

A) taking certain precautions in advance is so important

B) it's crucial to be familiar with the area C) it's compulsory to know the warning signs

of an angry lion D) approaching a lion may result in loss of life E) going in company of experts is mandatory

3- Of the statements below, the one not mentioned in the passage is that.......

A) only experts can know when a lion will attack a human

B) before attacking, a lion moves his tail up and down

C) having knowledge of the warning signs of an angry lion is extremely important

D) a lion's ability to bolt from a crouch and travel 40 yards in less than 2.7 is worth considering as well

E) low grunts and growls of an angry lion can often be heard

Like most colonial literature, the poems of early New England imitate the form and technique of the mother country, though the religious passion and frequent biblical references, as well as the new setting, give New England writing a special identity. Isolated New World writers also lived before the advent of rapid transportation and electronic communications. As a result, colonial writers were imitating writing that was already out of date in England. Thus, Edward Taylor, the best American poet of his day, wrote metaphysical poetry after it had become unfashionable in England. At times, as in Taylor's poetry, rich works of striking originality grew out of colonial isolation.

4- We can understand from the passage that the poems of early New England..........

A) reflect the appalling hardships undergone during the immigration to New England

B) are underestimated by the writers in the mother country

C) do not differ greatly in form and technique from those in England

D) do appeal only to those interested in literature

E) indicate how the colonial writers imitated the writing in the mother land

5- It's obvious from the passage that colonial writers could not produce any innovative literary works mainly because ............

A) they had to battle with the new environment in New England

B) they lacked proper means of electronic communication

C) they regarded poetry insignificant D) they were too remote from the mother land

to benefit from new works there E) they used biblical references as their only

source of inspiration

6- Though it was not usual, colonial writers

A) were able to produce impressive works B) wrote about various kinds of themes C) referred to the Bible for writing interesting

poetry D) dealt with the necessity of transportation

and communication E) held Edward Taylor up as an example


I have one child in the group who's an only child. I wanted to find out more about her family life because this little girl was quite isolated from the group, didn't make friends, so I talked to her mother. Well, they don't have time to do anything in the evening, the mother said. The parents come home after picking up the child at the baby-sitter's. Then the mother fixes dinner while the child watches TV. Then they have dinner and the child goes to bed. I said to this mother, "Well, couldn't she help you fix dinner? That would be a nice time for the two of you to talk, " and the mother said, "Oh, but I'd hate to have her miss 'Zoom.' It's such a good program!"

7- This passage plainly indicates

Every year the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s p e n d s $ 1 0 0 m i l l i o n o n a v a s t technological empire with only one goal: to accurately forecast the weather as far in advance as possible. The National Weather Service maintains four satellites with advanced imaging, 121 weather s tat ions f i t ted with Doppler radar, a half - dozen specialized weather research centers such as the National Hurricane Center, and a b u i l d i n g f u l l o f t h e w o r l d ' s m o s t a d v a n c e d supercomputers, which pump data through mathematical models 24 hours a day. To some extent it has worked. "Numer ica l wea ther mode l l ing i s the mos t unsung sc ient i f ic achievement of the 20th century," boasts weather service director Jack Kelly. Last year, 24 - hour forecasts of precipitation were correct 69 percent of the time. But the weather service doesn't even track the accuracy of three - day forecasts . And anyone who wants to know the weather seven days in advance might as well guess.

A) that the writer of the passage has only one child in his group

B) the quality of children shows C) how mothers cope with the problems of

their children D) that the author is so enthusiastic about

family relationships E) a television-dominated family

8- There is an implication in the passage that

10- We can understand from the passage that despite having sophisticated equipment ...... A) the current technology doesn't respond to the

needs of the National Weather Service B) the National Weather Service can't make totally

accurate forecasts all of the time C) the money spent only for the sake of making

accurate forecasts was all in vain D) the National Hurricane Center doesn't rely on

the predictions of the National Weather Service E) Jack Kelly complains about not being praised

for his achievements

A) children shows should be education- oriented

B) such families have tendency to break up one day

C) the girl's mother fails to educate her properly

D) this family is a praiseworthy example for other families

E) child-rearing requires expert knowledge

11- It's obvious from the passage that the National Hurricane Center.. . . . . . . .

A) fails to provide data through mathematical model s

B) has been successful in making completely accurate weather predictions

C) enables specialists to guess rightly the precipitation

D) needs more money to be able to make accurate forecasts

E ) is one of the six weather search centers that the National Weather Service maintains

9- The girl mentioned in the passage can be said to be ..........

A) such a sociable student B) an introvert person C) an amiable person D) leading a very blissful life E) happy about the way her family treat her

12- Of the scientific achievements in the 20th century, J ack Kelly boas t s , .............

A) their success has been overlooked B) satellites with advanced imaging are the most

acknowledged C) numerical weather modelling is the least

recognised D) doppler radar is the one that's the most famous E) supercomputers fail to meet the needs of

meteorologists


For most of this century, scientists believed the brain you were born with was the brain you got. But today researchers are showing that the brain can constantly revise its maps of neural circuits that serve as operating panels for the body and mind. For example, musicians, typists and others who make heavy use of their hands can suffer a devastating type of repetitive-strain injury that causes their fingers to curl up or jerk spasmodically whenever they try to play or type. Put simply, the brain loses the track of how the fingers should move. Patients have overcome this condition by spending hours feeling coins or keys or performing other exercises.

1- In contrast to the previously held belief,

A) scientists don't believe that the brain can revise its map of neural circuits

B) researchers are now capable of controlling the activities of the brain

C) those who suffer from repetitive-strain injury have been able to overcome this condition

D) the brain is now known to be able to continuously re-examine its maps of neural circuits

E) doctors are still hopeless about finding a cure for strain injury

2- According to the example given in the passage, your fingers are very likely to make sharp movements at irregular intervals

A) when you play any instrument B) if you use them most of the time C) because you carry heavy things D) since they become useless E) when something heavy falls upon them

3- The author informs us that patients suffering from repetitive-strain injury

A) are in struggle against this condition whenever they find time

B) are learning how their fingers curl up C) are very likely to die before those who

have not got such a problem D) have defeated this problem by touching

some metals E) will probably succumb to some more

dangerous illnesses

The Black Death was an epidemic of the bubonic plague that devastated Europe in the mid-fourteenth century. Early in the century, the bubonic plague swept through parts of China. It then spread along the trade routes and was carried to Europe on rat-infested ships. Fleas from infected rats transmitted the plague bacteria to humans. In 1347, the bubonic plague appeared in Sicily and in the Italian port cities of Venice, Genoa, and Pisa. Sweeping through Italy, the disease spread within months to Switzerland, Germany, and Eastern Europe. It hit France in 1348 and moved on into Spain and England.

4- We understand from the passage that the Black Death ............................

A) was a disease that first broke out in Europe in the mid-fourteenth century

B) had its name from the epidemic of the bubonic plague which resulted from the devastation in Europe

C) was the name of a disease that spread through Europe causing great destruction in 1350s

D) as the name implies, was an epidemic which invaded the areas inhabited by black people

E) was one of the most upsetting catastrophes in 1400s

5- According to the information given in the passage the Black Death.............

A) is now considered the simplest calamity to overcome

B) appeared initially in China early in 1300s C) made Europeans alert against such

disasters D) gave an unforgettable lesson to those who

regarded the science of medicine as worthless

E) cleared away all fleas from European countries

6- One can conclude from the passage that the Black Death ..........................

A) claimed many lives in most European countries

B) changed Europe's face in a very favourable way

C) altered many things in Europe - especially way of life

D) helped European countries to improve themselves in the science of medicine

E) caused the beginning of a new era


For anyone who has followed women's sports in Italy, Caroline Morace has been hard to miss. Most people know her for her commentary on soccer matches for Telemontecarlo, a private Italian television network. To others she is better known as one of the country's greatest female soccer players. But soccer fans, men, women alike, will be following Morace a lot more closely this season as she takes up a new position as coach of Viterbese, becoming the first woman in Europe to coach a men's professional team.

7- It's obvious from the passage that Caroline Morrace ..........................

A) has exhibited a noteworthy play in women's sports in Italy

B) regards herself as one of the country's greatest female soccer players

C) is working for a private Italian television network

D) is willing to be a commentator, judging from her commentary on soccer matches for Telemontecarlo

E) has missed women's sports in Italy

Generally, adults need to sleep one hour for every two hours awake, which means the most need about eight hours of sleep a night. Of course, some people need more and some less. Children and teenagers need an average of about ten hours. The brain keeps an exact accounting of how much sleep it is owed. My colleagues and I coined the term sleep debt because accumulated lost sleep is like a monetary debt: it must be paid back. If you get an hour less than a full night's sleep, you carry an hour of sleep debt into the next day - and your tendency to fall asleep during the time becomes stronger.

10- It's implied in the passage that ...............

A) one should not waste time sleeping B) half of twenty-four hours is spent asleep C) children are overcome by sleep if they

don't sleep sufficiently D) a person spends approximately one-third of

his life asleep E) if one works hard all day long, he loses his

sleep

11- We learn from the passage that the brain

8-As far as one can understand from the passage Caroline Morrace .........

A) considers that she is above all women soccer players throughout the world

B) is not eager to train a men's professional team

C) is not only a successful soccer player but a commentator on soccer matches as well

D) desires to follow women's sports in Italy more closely this season than ever before

E) looks down on other players since she is the best

A) is dependent on a clock which alerts us at two peak times every day

B) can be resembled to an amazingly precise biological clock which regulates sleeping and waking

C) is one of the most important organs in our body; therefore, it deserves more attention than any other organ

D) warns those who live on borrowed money E) sends signals until you get out of your

debt, so pay it back before it is too late

9- According to the information in the passage we learn that Caroline Morrace ...............

A) will play for a team called "Viterbese" B) will be a commentator on soccer matches

this season C) had better not sell herself cheap D) will prove that also a woman can train a

football team E) is going to train a men's professional team

12- One can conclude from the passage that if we don't meet our sleep needs sufficiently,

A) the brain cannot carry out its functions properly

B) we will have a tendency to sleep whenever and wherever possible

C) we will have great difficulty getting on well with our friends

D) our brain will lack its most crucial properties

E) it is very probable that we will feel sleepy during the day


Africa, the second largest continent, offers extremes of contrasts: mountains and savannahs, deserts and jungles. Three impressive river networks, the Nile, the Congo, and the Zambesi, add to the variety. The relatively small population contributes further to the diversity. Divided into hundreds of tribes, African cultures range from the primitive to the sophisticated. The improving quality and greater quantity of studies of the African past reveal that many groups developed highly complex societies. The base of the social structure was the family. Many of the societies were rigidly hierarchical. The political units varied from village tribes to extensive empires. The economy was agricultural, but many artistic and mechanical skills were well developed: woodcarving, bronze-work, basketry, weaving, and iron-working.

1- It's clear from the passage that while it has a wide diversity of geographical features, .........

A) Africa has the most spectacular places in the world

B) Africa has a small number of inhabitants C) African countries contributes more to

tourism sector than any other countries D) the African culture displays some diversities

- ranging from the primitive to the sophisticated

E) the economy in African countries is based on farming

2- Thanks to the quality and high amount of studies ..............

A) many tribes in Africa developed highly complex societies

B) Africans were able to change their life style C) different cultures, varying from the primitive

to the sophisticated, flourished in Africa D) today we know that, in the past many

African groups were made up of different societies

E) sophisticated farming techniques were introduced to the tribes living in Africa

3- The studies of the African past indicate that the economy................

A) became good enough to help people learn other skills such as woodcarving, bronze- work, etc.

B) grew vigorously on account of the diversity of the land

C) was successful because the societies were rigidly hierarchical

D) blossomed when political units varied from villages to extensive empires

E) was based both on farming and other skills

The ocean has always been and will always be an environment hostile to man. Stormy seas are hazardous to vessels and their cargoes. Surf can damage and destroy such structures as seawalls, piers, and breakwaters. Floodings can cause havoc and large loss of life in the low-lying coastal plains. These inundations can be caused by certain violent storms such as hurricanes. Tsunamis, caused by submarine volcanic explosions and by earthquakes on the ocean floor, can generate giant waves that wreak havoc on the coastal plain. There is obvious need to study these phenomena and to learn when and where they will occur and to be able to provide adequate warning so that the endangered coastal population can be evacuated.

4- The author of the passage tells us generally about .................

A) how the endangered coastal population shrank

B) the ways in which we exploit the nature C) victims of environmental disasters D) the ocean and the calamaties it causes E) tsunamis and inundations

5- The author has told about the phenomena in the passage with the aim of...............

A) scaring us that the ocean is dangerous B) drawing our attention to study the ocean for

the good of endangered coastal species C) saving the endangered species D) indicating us how we destroyed the

environment E) encouraging us to increase our knowledge

of ocean for making a larger profit from it

6- From the passage one can understand that the word "havoc" means ..............

A) widespread damage B) adequate protection C) covering something with water by

overflowing D) eruption E) putting something at risk


Excessive worry is an exhausting problem for millions of Americans, but not all worry is bad. Effective planning depends upon anticipating trouble. You need to plan. But excessive worry, toxic worry, is unnecessary and unproductive. Toxic worry is a disease of the imagination. It diminishes your ability to enjoy your family, your friends, your physical being and your achievements, because you live in fear of what might go wrong. Such worry almost always derives from a misreading of reality.

7- According to the passage excessive worry

A) makes a great number of Americans uneasy

B) is considered beneficial for millions of Americans

C) helps you get ready for unexpected troubles

D) aids you to be on good terms with your family and friends

E) may cause so much anxiety that it may lead to incurable consequences

One can understand from the passage that toxic worry.............

Emily Dickinson is, in a sense, a link between her era and the literary sensitivities of the turn of the nineteenth century. A radical individualist, she was born and spent her life in Amherst, Massachusetts, a small Calvinist village. She never married, and she led an unconventional life that was outwardly uneventful but was full of inner intensity. She loved nature and found deep inspiration in the birds, animals, plants, and changing seasons of the New England countryside. Dickinson spent the latter part of her life as a recluse, due to an extremely sensitive psyche and possibly to make time for writing. Her day also included homemaking for her attorney father, a prominent figure in Amherst who became a member of Congress.

10- From the author's statements it obvious that

A) the nineteenth century gained significance thanks to Dickinson

B) Calvinism affected Dickinson considerably C) Dickinson's poetry has been influenced

profoundly by the natural environment D) her poems do not reflect her true nature E) she enjoyed the support coming from her

eminent father

11- The author makes it clear that Dickinson

A) results from not being capable of enjoying your family, your friends

B) assists those who are interested in imaginary things

C) may hinder you from being unproductive, so it is necessary

D) stems from the incorrect interpretation of facts

E) is undoubtedly the main reason for family feuds

A) was not able to stand the burden of the events in her village

B) was the kind of woman that became a good example for the people in her village

C) did lead an entire life that passed in seclusion

D) kept herself apart from people because of her father's job

E) was, in fact, not at peace

9- One can infer from the passage that 12- According to the description the author of

the passage makes about her, Dickinson

A) the writer is against all kinds of worry B) excessive worry may lead to undesirable

results if necessary precautions are taken C) worry may, to some extent, be acceptable D) Americans are plagued by excessive worry

due to their family relationships E) every person should abstain from any kind

of toxicant

A) was not conforming to the society B) lived a life that was shaped especially by

the poets of her time C) was not in harmony with her

contemporaries D) owes her success to her independence E ) wrote everything she experienced


European researchers, drawing on 12 centuries of genealogical records of the British aristocracy, have shown a clear trade-off between early childbearing and longevity. In an article published last December in Nature, two gerontologists at the University of Manchester found that women who delay having children until their 30s and 40s, and then have only one or two, are more likely to live into their 80s, 90s and beyond. Female longevity, they say, is linked to the number of children a woman has and her age at the birth of her first child. This study comes in the wake of another carried out in the Boston area by a team of Harvard researchers led by Thomas T. Perls. It showed that centenarians are four times more likely than the general population to have had their first child in their 40s. 1- What European researchers have revealed is

that...............

A) long life for a woman is associated with her childbearing years

B) there is a balance between childbearing season and longevity

C) for 1200 years British aristocracy have enjoyed the benefits of medicine

D) improved health care results in increased longevity

E) having baby at the proper age is better for a woman

2- We can understand from the passage that if a woman delays having children until her 30s and 40s, .............. A) the number of children she may have won't

exceed two B) she will suffer acute illnesses in her old age C) there is a likelihood for her children to live

into their 80s, 90s, and beyond D) the possibility for her to be a centenarian is

extremely high E) her first child may live for about a hundred

years

3- It is obvious from the passage that

A) so as to live long females should avoid having children

B) centenarians are mostly those who have not delayed having children

C) a couple of studies have been conducted concerning female longevity

D) a woman's childbearing age usually begins at her 30s

E) early motherhood has it advantages and disadvantages

Most of Shakespeare's career unfolded during the monarchy of Elizabeth I, the Great Virgin Queen from whom the historical period of the Bard's life takes its name as the Elizabetha n Age. Elizabeth came to the throne under turbulent circumstances in 1558 and ruled until 1603. Under her reign, not only did England prosper as a rising commercial power at the expense of Catholic Spain, Shakespeare's homeland undertook an enormous expansion into the New World and laid the foundations of what would become the British Empire. This ascendance came in the wake of the Renaissance and the Reformation, the former regaining Greek and Roman classics and stimulating an outburst of creative endeavor throughout Europe, the latter transforming England into a Protestant/Anglican state, and generating continuing religious strife, especially during the civil wars of Elizabeth's Catholic sister, Queen Margaret or "Bloody Mary."

4- It's apparent from the paragraph that the Elizabethan Age was the period ...........

A) that lasted for more than a decade B) in which Shakespeare lived C) when Shakespeare's thoughts influenced

the government of that time D) which followed the monarchy of Elizabeth E) in which British Empire's borders shifted

considerably

5- The author mentions in the paragraph that Elizabeth I ............... A) rebelled against the previous authority and

succeeded in coming to the throne B) aimed at competing with the Catholic

Spain C) showed profound interest in Shakespeare's

plays D) encouraged creative thinking E) came to the throne under unfavorable

conditions

6- It's explicitly mentioned in the passage that the Reformation ,.............

A) was the period that brought prosperity to Europe

B) was accomplished thanks to the arduous efforts of Elizabeth I

C) gave rise to conflicts in England D) produced peace throughout Europe E) was followed by the Renaissance


Ronald Ross discovered that the plasmodium parasite - 'Laveran's germ' - was transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes to human beings to cause malaria. This discovery won him a Nobel Prize in 1902, but the route to this success was by no means clear. He was an indifferent student, he liked to write novels and poems and only just managed to gain a medical qualification. Fortuitously he was mediocre enough to enter the least prestigious section of the Indian Medical Service, which put him directly in contact with the parasites that were to become his passion. Despite honours being showered on him, life after the Prize also was not straightforward, and his innovative mathematical and economic approaches to disease control were overlooked.

7- How Ross made the discovery mentioned in the passage.............. A) was not comprehensible at all B) produced controversy among experts C) was the reason why he was nominated for

the Nobel Prize D) could be simply by chance because he was

not interested in medicine E) shocked the nineteenth century scientists

8- The author of the passage tells us that Ronald Ross .............. A) devoted most of his efforts for the sake of

his discovery B) felt enormous passion for parasites even

before entering the least prestigious section of the Indian Medical Service

C) was unenthusiastic about the study of parasites in the very beginning

D) normally was not interested in medicine which would win him a prize

E) did not give up writing novels and poems while maintaining his study on parasites

9- According to the information given in the passage one can understand that ............

A) the prize did not bring Ross an everlasting praise by people

B) he was not so good at mathematics as he was at economics

C) Ross resembled his friends in that he did not like medicine

D) the Indian Medical Service did not give him what he deserved

E) mathematicians owe Ross a great deal of gratefulness

Skin lighteners are big business in Africa. Women across the continent have long used creams and potions to make their skin a few shades lighter in the belief that it makes them more attractive. But the quest for beauty carries a heavy price. Many of the most popular creams contain hydroquinone, which can cause irreversible skin damage and even lead to skin cancer. Some skin lighteners ""also contain potentially lethal mercury, banned in cosmetics since the 1970s. But the creams remain as popular as ever despite government prohibitions in a dozen African countries. As long as there is a demand there will be a market, and there is always going to be demand as long as the mentality exists that light is beautiful.

10- Judging from the passage one can say that African women...........

A) used to spend more money to be beautiful B) care about their beauty more than their

health C) are bound to use skin lighteners to be more

attractive D) ask authorities to allow the production of

skin lighteners E) don't want to accept that skin lighteners

cause potential harm to their skin

11- It's quite obvious from the passage that some governments in Africa..........

A) seem reluctant to deal with dangerous creams

B) support indirectly those selling harmful skin lighteners

C) encourage their individuals to apply skin lighteners to their faces

D) have not succeeded in stopping the usage of skin lighteners

E) are troubled by illegal traders of skin lighteners

12- It's explicitly mentioned in the passage that in Africa ..............

A) people are wholly disobedient toward authorities

B) not so many people are able to buy beauty creams because of their high price

C) there are a lot of people earning their livings by skin lighteners

D) there are more beautiful women than anywhere else in the world

E ) the amount of lethal mercury is unbelievable

COMPREHENSION PASSAGES EXAMPLES FROM YDS

7, - 9. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 10.- 12. sorulari paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.

There really is no such thing as "Art". There are only artists. Once these were men who took coloured earth and roughed out the forms of animals on the walls of caves. Today they are men who buy their plants and design advertisements or paint pictures which they hope to sell. There is no harm in calling all these activities art as long as we keep in mind that such a word may mean very different things in different times and places.

The seventeenth century was a period of joyful activity, of experiment in politics, in religion and in the natural sciences. With the help of the telescope the skies were examined; with the aid of the microscope doctors learned more about the human body. Investors were busy on a variety of things ranging from more reliable watches to more destructive guns and explosives. For the first time, travelers went to more and more distant places; and traders followed their example. In fact, everyone was doing something new.

7- The writer points out that we cannot

A) give a simple single definition of the "Alt' B) imitate the works of primitive artists C) regard advertisements as works of art D) see any relation between art and trade E) separate art from the routine activities of

life

10- According to the passage, it was in the seventeenth century that people .........

A) began to take an interest in trade B) first set out on journeys to far-away

countries C) learned how to use watches to feel the time D) suddenly became aware of the importance

of trade E) finally began to recognize the advantages

of scientific studies

One of the main points the writer makes the in the passage is that............

A) the meaning of art changes according to time and place

B) cave paintings are more meaningful than a lot of modern pictures

C) the designing of advertisements has become a major activity today

D) the practice of art in our times has become increasingly costly

E) animals have in all ages been a popular subject for artists

11- The writer points out that, in the seventeenth century, ............

A) the world enjoyed a great deal of economic prosperity

B) there was little change in political thinking

C) religion was almost never the subject of serious debate

D) no important progress was made in the sciences

E) many useful inventions were made in various fields

9- The writer wants us to accept the ideas that primitive cave pictures.............

A) always represent animals in single colour B) are of a poor colour owing to the use of

coloured earth C) have little artistic value for us, but still feel

we oi:ght to preserve them D) are no less works of art than modern

paintings and advertisements designs E) were made in a style very similar that of

modern painting

12- The writer seems to suggest that some of the inventions of the seventeenth century ........

A) were obviously ineffective and even useless

B) could be used for harmful purposes such as war

C) were specially designed to help travelers and traders

D) would lead the discovery of the telescope E) soon went completely out of use


13. -15. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 16. -18. sorulan pararafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the population of Tokyo had grown about 1 million, making it the largest city in Japan and one of the most populous in the world. An especially lively section of the city was along the Sumida River, where pleasure boats and parties were common and whose banks were lined with fashionable tea-houses. Tea was central to the Japanese not only in their homes, but in public life as well. In the bustling urban centres of the 18 th-century Japan, tea-houses served a role similar to one played by coffee-houses in Europe which were centres of discussion and entertainment.

Edith Wharton is perhaps the greatest woman novelist that America has yet produced. Her novels are skillfully constructed and her style is smooth and elegant. Her richest gifts, however are the result of her fearless search for truth in human relationships. She is largely interested in the emotions we all experience. Her novels record timeless truths; and it is this fact above all that countinues to make them meaningful and important.

16- It is pointed out in the passage that Edith Wharton's main interest in her novels

13- We learn from the passage that the Sumida River ..........

A) separated the poor of Tokyo from the rich one

B) could be dangerous and so boats rarely use it

C) ran through one of the most popular parts of eighteenth century Tokyo

D) was a busy waterway since it was the commercial centre of the city

E) has recently lost its popularity among the people of Tokyo

A) has been to account for the miseries of life B) is to show us how to control our emotions C) is to provide her characters with a

convincing historical background D) had been to describe man's emotional life E) has been to emphasize how easily human

relationships break down

14- The writer points out that, in the eighteenth century, there was...........

A) an effort among other Japanese cities to imitate the social life of Tokyo

B) a sudden increase in the population of Tokyo

C) a growing interest among the people of Tokyo in European coffee-houses

D) idespread desire among the young in Japan for all kinds of entertainment

E) reat likeness between Japan's tea-houses and Europe's coffee-houses

17- As the writer suggests, one reason why Edith Wharton is so admired in America

A) because her way of writing is particularly easy to understand

B) that she has been fearless in describing human selfishness

C) because she only writes about matters that concern women

D) that she is the first woman novelist to deal with ordinary people

E) because she writes with elegance and ease

15- We can understand from the passage that no city in eighteenth century in Japan

18- The writer emphasizes that Edith Wharton*s novels will remain popular

A) could complete with Tokyo's cultural life B) had as many tea-houses as Tokyo had C) had established as many centres of

entertainment as Tokyo had D) had a large population as that of Tokyo E) consumed as much tea as Tokyo did

A) even if other women novelist go our of fashion

B) because they are about lasting truths C) even though they only deal with American

social life D) unless a very new type of novel becomes

fashionable E) so long as people read novels

COMPREHENSION PASSAGES

19. -21.

sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. 22.- 24. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. The turning point of World War I came sometime in 1916. This was the year of the famous Battle of The Somme. It was also the year when the Liberal Government in Britain was defeated after a crisis in industry and a sudden great rise in prices. Lord Kitchener, the national hero and the one who led the war, was tragically drowned in this same year. Douglas Haig replaced Kitchener as the one to direct military policy, but he never became popular with the people as Kitchener had been because he seemed coldly indifferent to the fates of the soldiers he commanded.

19- According to the passage, it is clear that the year 1916..........

A) brought the Liberal Government a widespread popularity in the country

B) brought Britain and her allies the victory of the war

C) will always be remembered as the year when the British people grew more hopeful

D) was the year when Britain suffered many defeats in the war

E) was a historic one for Britain for various reasons

20- The writer suggests that, unlike Lord Kitchener, Douglas Haig..........

A) really had all the qualities required of a military commander

B) soon became a war hero for his country C) showed no sympathy for the soldiers under

his command D) was highly qualified and experienced in

military matters E) gave much importance to gaining

popularity among the people

21- The writer points out that the Liberal Government in Britain lost power............

A) because the economic situation took a serious turn

B) since so many soldiers had died in the Battle of the Somme

C) a very short time after Lord Kitchener was drowned in a very tragic way

D) even though a change of government is damaging in time of war

E) as a result of the military policies it had introduced

Life on a submarine may, to many people, sound fascinating. However, it is, in fact, horribly boring. Except for the commanding officers, a day aboard a submarine consists of six hours on duty, six hours off, day after day, for months. This being the case, every effort is made to ensure that the lives of the men are as pleasant as possible. The meals are exceptionally good, and there is a daily film, shown at a specific time, on television around the submarine. In return the crew is always expected to perform perfectly all the time. A mistake is quite unforgivable. In fact, a favourite saying is "There is room for everything on a submarine except for a mistake.

22- We learn from the passage that, contrary to what a lot of people expect, ................

A) life on a submarine is extremely rewarding for the crew

B) submarines have every imaginable facility for entertaining the crew

C) boredom is a major problem for the crew of a submarine

D) there is comparatively little work to be done on a submarine

E) the officers on a submarine share the same duties as the other members of the crew.

23- The writer of the passage emphasises that, on a submarine,............

A) there is every opportunity for officers to have a pleasant life

B) every member of the crew helps to prepare the meals

C) everyone works six hours a day D) life never gets boring for the crew E) everything is to be done faultlessly

24- It is clear from the passage that it is almost impossible ............

A) to make life aboard a submarine fully fascinating

B) for officers to establish a friendship with other members of the crew

C) for everyone to be aware of night and day D) for the commanding officers to make a

mistake E) for any member of the crew to be on duty

more than six hours

EXAMPLES FROM YDS


25.- 27. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 28.- 30. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.

As Orson Welles said: "to practice his art, a poet needs a pen, and a painter a brush. But a film-maker needs an army of actors, actresses and support-staff. Orson Welles learned the hard way that all this costs a fortune. Few film directors are rich enough to finance their own films and even fewer have the desire to take such a risk. Therefore, directors are dependent on film studios for the financing of their films. This has caused a certain tension between directors and film studios because film studios use their money to control the films they finance. If a film, while it is being made, starts to become too expensive, the studio has to make of the film and lose all the money already invested in it, or go on investing heavily and hope the film will really be a great success.

25- It is suggested in the passage that film making .........

A) involves a series of problems, one of which is the casting of actors and actresses

B) is extremely expensive when compared with other forms of art

C) is a business which depends more on finance than on a talent

D) is an industry which is almost always financially successful

E) aims at making a good profit rather than giving entertainment

26- According to the passage, film studios and directors often disagree.........

A) over the choice and number of actors, actresses and support-staff for each film

B) over whether a film is likely to succeed and make a profit

C) since each is always dependent upon the other for success

D) because a studio won't always allow a director to do what he wants to do

E) even though there is no financial problem facing them

27- It is pointed out in the passage that, so long as there is a chance for a film to be truly successful, ...........

A) directors and studios will have no excuse for any disagreements

B) some directors may choose to finance their films themselves

C) other studios will gladly pour in more money in the hope of making very high profits

D) actors and actresses will perform to the best of their ability

E) the studio will often be prepared to put more money into the making of it

Some 130 million years ago, a spike-backed dinosaur walked heavily through the wilderness of what came to be Australia, and left its footprints as a gift for the future. They were the world's best impressions of a dinosaur's two-ton footfalls. When they were found seven years ago in a remote valley in northern Australia, they provided scientists with the first clear evidence that dinosaurs had lived in Australia. This discovery provided further evidence for the theory that Australia was once joined to a vast super-continent that included what is now South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.

28- It is clear from the passage that, millions of years ago, Australia ...........

A) was undoubtedly the only suitable place in the world for the survival of dinosaurs

B) was almost certainly not, as it is today, a separate continent

C) was, for the first time, inhabited by a large variety of dinosaurs

D) was for the most part a wilderness where no living being could survive

E) with its geography and climate resembled South America and Africa

29- The passage makes it clear that the dinosaur footprints discovered in Australia in recent years.............

A) are the same as those also found in South America, Africa, India and Antarctica

B) have little attracted many a scientist interested in the distant past of the continent

C) could only have been made by dinosaurs weighing a lot more than two tons

D) are in surprisingly good condition although millions of years have passed since they were made

E) have made scientists revise the most recent theories concerning dinosaurs

30- One reason why the discovery in Australia of the dinosaur footprints is so important is that, ..........

A) previously, no one knew for certain whether this country had ever been inhabited by dinosaurs

B) contrary to the popular view, this continent had always been a vast wilderness

C) until this discovery, nothing was known about the early climate of this continent

D) presumably, they will provide clues for future geological changes in this continent

E) up to this point, no one knew for sure that dinosaurs could weigh two tons


31.- 33. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. 34.-36. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.

For most people, being a member of a large family is sometimes hard. Usually there isn't enough money, so everyone has to do without various things. There are, however, certain advantages; in fact, there are probably more advantages than disadvantages. The other day I saw a family setting off on a day out. The parents, who looked remarkably young themselves, were carrying various bags. The biggest child, who was perhaps fifteen, carried a football. His sister, perhaps two years younger, carried what looked like the family lunch. The four smaller children also had things to carry. The youngest of them carried a toy bear that was almost as big as herself. The family were catching a bus and looked so contented. I wished I could have gone with them wherever they were going.

31- It's clear from the passage that the family described here .......

A) isn't used to going out for the day like this B) very rarely has a day out together C) seldom takes a bus at weekends D) is clearly a very rich one E) knows how to share its duties

32- We understand from the passage that, although these parents have six children,

A) they spend very little time with them B) they don't really seem to care about them C) they are reluctant to spend much money on

them D) it seems that life has not aged them E) it is the four smaller ones that they are

most fond of

33- From the passage we can conclude that the narrator..........

A) himself comes from a large family B) is very critical of large families C) is more interested in the parents than in the

children D) feels sorry because the children have all

got things to carry E) seems to favour large families

Mrs Gaskell was a nineteenth-century English novelist. She wrote social novels, the most famous of which were Mary Barton and North and South. The first, which is set in Manchester, an industrial city in the north of England, vividly describes the terrible conditions of the working class, which she knew at first hand. It is a powerful novel that made a considerable impression upon readers in nineteenth century England. The other novel, North and South, contrasts two regions of England, through its heroine Margaret Hale, who leaves southern England to live in the industrial north. Both these novels present a balanced view of social problems in this period of English history.

34- As it is pointed out in the passage, both in Mary Barton and in North and South, Mrs Gaskell..........

A) is mainly concerned with the conditions of working life in the industrial north of England

B) tells the tragic story of a young country girl called Margaret Hale

C) compares the working conditions of men and women in southern England

D) failed to capture the interest of readers in her time

E) shows how the conditions of the English working class were improving in the nineteenth century

35- We understand from the passage that the manner, in which Mrs Gaskell approached the working conditions of her time,.......... A) is generally regarded now as being unfair B) was disliked by her readers C) was more critical in Mary Borton than in

North and South D) was not one-sided E) was not based on fact

36- We learn from the passage that Mrs Gaskell uses the story of Margaret Hale to........

A) show how the living conditions in the north were far better than those in the south

B) illustrate the differences between the north and south of England

C) draw attention to the special problems of young women in nineteenth-century England

D) tell the story of her own life in Manchester E) stress that there were good working

opportunities for the young in the north of England


37.- 39. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. 40.- 42. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.

John Steinbeck grew up in California and went to university there, and studied marine biology. He worked at various jobs before he rose to fame in the 1930s with his novels about farm workers. In his novels, his approach is realistic and he shows a great deal of sympathy for his characters who are mostly poor and oppressed. We see this in The Grapes of Wrath, which is one of his best-known novels, and has been made into a film and also staged in the theatre.

37- We learn from the passage that Steinbeck

A) was primarily concerned in his writings with the problems American society was facing in the 1930s

B) wrote only one major novel, which is The Grapes of Wrath

C) used California as the setting for all his works

D) wrote almost all of his major works during the 1930s

E) was originally trained as a scientist, but turned to literature

38- We understand from the passage that the people Steinbeck describes in his novels

Reading on paper is so much a part of our lives that it is hard to imagine anything could ever replace the printed books we are used to. Before printed books came in, books had to be copied by hand; this was obviously a slow process and very expensive. Once Gutenberg had invented an economical way to make movable letters in the 15th century, it became possible to produce reading material quickly, comparatively cheaply and in large quantities. Since then, the printed word has become a permanent part of our everyday lives. So, how could anyone believe that sales of electronic books will equal those of paper books within a decade or so? Still, some people think that they will.

40- The passage puts forward the idea that, even though the printed book continues to be popular,..........

A) it will soon be completely replaced by the electronic book

B) the electronic book may well be on its way in

C) it is no longer as popular as it used to be D) fewer books are being sold than formerly E) compared with the electronic book, it is

very expensive

41- In this passage, the author suggests that, in spite of technological advances, some people

A) usually have a background of economic and social hardships

B) do not really represent the agricultural community of California

C) work in a wide variety of jobs in California

D) are on the whole content with the kind of literature they have

E) fail to arouse the reader's sympathy

39- It's clear from the passage that Steinbeck's famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath, ..........

A) was, much to the surprise of Steinbeck himself, an immediate success

B) was only popular as a book and as a film, during the 1930s

C) was adapted for the stage but enjoyed little success in the theatre

D) has appealed not only to the general reader, but also to film and stage directors

E) has had a lasting effect on its readers, though it is the least realistic

A) are dissatisfied at the rising prices of printed books

B) still regard Gutenberg as the leading figure in book technology

C) will be reluctant to give up the printed book and turn to the electronic one

D) find it difficult to buy the kind of book they are looking for

E) realise that books published in our time are not as well-made as those in the past

42- It is clear from the passage that Gutenberg's invention of the printing press ........

A) was the only major technological advance in the 15th century

B) did not have any noticeable effect upon the prices of books

C) did not put an end to the practice of copying books by hand

D) failed to spread the love of reading among ordinary people

E) increased the speed at which books could be produced


43.- 45.

sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.

46.- 48. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz. New Guinea is home to some of the world's strangest creatures. For instance, there is a special species of kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species as are to be found, for example, In the whole of North America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to glaciers.

43- We learn from the passage that New Guinea..........

A) has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had

B) is in many respects very similar to Texas C) owes its characteristic physical features to

glaciers D) is an island with a remarkable range of

climatic features E) is gradually increasing its contacts with

North America

44- According to the passage, kangaroos that live in trees...............

A) are Very commonly to be seen in rain forests everywhere

B) are only on the increase in New Guinea C) are just one example of the odd creatures

to be found in New Guinea D) are a threat to the bird population of New

Guinea E) are considerably smaller than the average

kangaroo

45- The writer points out that one of the reasons why there are very many different kinds of birds in New Guinea is.........

A) that the climatic conditions of the island are suitable for rain forests

B) the fact that many migrate there for the winter from North America

C) that the island is a protected environment, and new species are constantly being taken there

D) that this island has mostly been cut off from the rest of the world

E) the fact that there is very little else of interest regarding wildlife

The origins of biography are to be found in early legendary accounts of the Greek, Germanic and Celtic heroes. Another early type of biography is the records of the teaching and deeds of wise men. The accounts of the life and teaching of Socrates given by Plato and Xenophon may be regarded as a development of this kind of record. The interest of the Socratic dialogues of Plato is philosophic rather than biographical, but the Memorabilia of Xenophon, though not a biography in the modern sense of the word, comprises a series of sketches of the great philosopher with intimacy and vividness. The first European author, remembered primarily as a biographer, is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived under the Roman Empire. His Parallel Lives of ancient Greek and Roman statesmen and soldiers is one of the most fascinating works of antiquity and influential in the European biographical tradition. Moreover, he seems to have been the first author to distinguish sharply between biography and history. 46- It is pointed out in the passage that the first true

example of biography in the modern sense is to be found in.. . . . . . . . .

A) the stories of Greek and other heroes B) Xenophon's Memorabilia C) ancient legends D) Plato's dialogues E) Plutarch's Parallel Lives

47- According to the passage, Plato's account of Socrates, unlike the one given by Xenophon ,

AJ is very critical of the great philosopher B) puts the emphasis on the philosophy of

Socrates C) is full of fascinating details about the life of

Socrates D) was the model for Plutarch when he wrote his

Parallel Lives E) is commonly regarded as the first important

example of biographical writing

48- We understand from the passage that, in his Parallel Lives, Plutarch... . . . . . .

A) is primarily concerned with the portrayal of people themselves, but not the events of their times

B) concentrates on life and society in ancient Rome

C) gives priority to statesmen rather than to soldiers

D) includes his own philosophy of life in his accounts of the fives of others

E) compares the Greek and Roman attitudes towards politics and military affairs

EXAMPLES FROM YDS


49,- 51. sorulan paragrafa

uygun olarak cevaplaymiz.

52.- 54. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. When you pick up something that is very hot you usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it. However, you do have to think about some actions. For example, you might decide to walk to school instead of" taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it. Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called 'voluntary actions'. But actions that you make without having to think about them, such as dropping a hot object, are called 'involuntary' or 'reflex actions'.

More and more people have started to worry about the effect of television on the generations of children who have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that television has a negative effect on a child's creative imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that some children cannot understand even a simple story if there are no pictures to help, But perhaps the most worrying result concerns violence. So much violence on the television screen means that children start to regard violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others and in themselves.

49- The passage concentrates on

A) what one should do in a dangerous situation

B) the fact that human beings seldom react instantly when they face danger

C) two main groups of human action D) different reactions to hot objects E) decision-making

50- According to the passage, by 'involuntary action1 is meant an action .........

A) which follows a long process of thinking B) that doesn't take place fairly quickly C) which is the result of a choice made D) in which no thinking at all is

involved E) that is immediately followed by a series of

other actions

51- According to the passage, if one thinks about something and comes to a decision about what to do,

A) the action that results is called a 'voluntary action'

B) this is what is often called a 'reflex action' C) this means one's reflex actions are strong D) one is not likely to change one's

mind E) the likelihood is that a wrong action is

almost impossible

52- According to the passage, the damaging effects of television on children..........

A) have generally been exaggerated by the public

B) could be lessened if parents took a more constructive attitude

C) are confined solely to an increase in violence

D) have seldom been seriously considered by teachers

E) are already causing much concern among a growing number of people

53- It is understood from the passage that television..........

A) is at last beginning to show some concern about its effects on children

B) no longer shows as much violence as it used to do

C) has made children rely too much on visual aids to understanding

D) helps children to understand stories in a more creative manner

E) is being used most effectively by teachers as a teaching aid

54- We understand from the passage that violence on television.........

A) should be restricted to adult viewers only B) gives children the impression that it is a

natural way of life C) should be presented as undesirable

behaviour D) has caused a great deal of unnecessary

alarm in society E) is permissible so long as it becomes an

emotional outlet for children

EXAMPLES FROM YDS


55- 57. sorulan paragrafa uy: >un olarak cevaplaymiz. 58- 60. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplaymiz. The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when things go wrong -when flights are delayed or when they are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes or technica l problems. Then the check-in clerks are in the unfortunate position of having to face the angry passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can do nothing to put things right.

55- We understand from the passage that the work a check-in clerk does..........

A) is always greatly appreciated by the passengers

B) varies greatly from day to day which makes it more enjoyable

C) requires a great deal of skill and creativity D) involves very little contact with passengers E) is both tedious and exhausting

56- According to the passage, a number of reasons may lead to .........

A) passengers wishing to change the dates of their flights

B) a strike among the check-in clerks C) the postponement or cancellation of flights

the D) loss of the luggage of passengers E) overcrowding at airports

57- It is pointed out in the passage that when serious problems affecting flights arise at airports, ..........

A) passengers usually wait patiently for the situation to improve

B) it is the check-in clerks who encounter the protesting passengers

C) passengers are immediately notified by check-in clerks

D) it is the primary re spons ib i l i ty o f check- i n clerks to solve them

EJ check-in clerks are required to explain, in detail, what has caused them

The French composer Hector Berlioz was the outstanding representative of romanticism in music. The son of a country doctor, he was sent in 1822 to attend the medical school in Paris. Though musically quite uneducated, he had already conceived a passion for music. Therefore, he soon threw up his medical studies, whereupon his allowance was stopped by his family, and after a short period of private lessons, he was admitted to the conservatoire in 1823. Berlioz was a typical romantic; he was also a great admirer of both Shakespeare and Beethoven and they were both important in the development of his taste.

58- According to the passage, Berlioz's family

A) wanted him to study medicine in Paris

B) recognized his musical talent while he was still quite young

C) supported him financially when he was studying at the conservatoire in Paris

D) arranged for him to take private lessons in music

E) was very pleased when their son changed from medicine to music

59- The author points out that the contribution Berlioz made to ........

A) teaching methods in music has always been appreciated by other musicians

B) the progress of medicine in France was exceptional

C) the musical activities of the conservatoire was significant

D) the romantic movement in music was unsurpassed

E) the well-being of his family has always been underestimated

60- As we understand from the passage, as a romantic composer, Berlioz ..........

A) created a style which excelled that of Shakespeare and Beethoven in poetic power

B) was indifferent to the works of Shakespeare and Beethoven

C) was greatly influenced by Shakespeare and Beethoven

D) studied both Shakespeare and Beethoven in order to revive romanticism

E) preferred Shakespeare's manner of presentation to that of Beethoven

EXAMPLES FROM YDS

61- 63. sorulan paragrafa uygun olarak cevaplayimz.

Einstein developed his famous theory of 'relativity' shortly after 1900. It was an enormous improvement over Newton's vie ws, since it explained many things that Newton could not. It showed the close connection between space, time and gravity. And it led to surprising predictions. One of them was that matter and energy could be changed into each other. The two are simply different forms of the same thing. This idea enabled man to split the atom and later to obtain large amounts of nuclear energy.

61- As we learn from the passage, Einstein's theory of relativity ........

A) was confined to the study of the structure of the atom

B) gave clarity to various phenomena that Newton had failed to explain

C) gave very little importance to the role of gravity in the universe

D) was developed, in the first place, to open up new sources of energy

E) was basically unrelated to Newton's theories

62- According to the passage, it was at about the turn of the 20lh century that...........

A) the splitting of the atom was achieved B) fresh sources of energy were discovered C) the relativity theory was first put forward

by Einstein D) time and space were finally recognized as

indestructible E) Newton's theory of gravity was recognized

as correct in all respects

63- We understand from the passage that one of the benefits of Einstein's relativity theory

A) was to show the potential danger of the splitting of the atom

B) has been to make space exploration possible in our time

C) was that it proved Newton's views were quite wrong

D) was to explain the separateness of matter and energy

E) has been the discovery of a new source of energy

ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-1-

1- (I) The atmosphere of Earth acts like any window in serving two very important functions. (II) It lets light in and it permits us to look out. (Ill) It also serves as a shield to keep out dangerous or uncomfortable things. (IV) Earth's atmospheric window also helps to keep out our planet at a comfortable temperature by holding back radiated heat and protecting us from dangerous levels of ultraviolet light. (V) That's why it's more important than other layers such as stratosphere and ionosphere.

A) I B)II QIII D)IV E)V

(I) Thousands of years ago forests covered large parts of the Earth., stretching across all of eastern North America and most of western Europe. (II) Vast areas of Africa and Asia were cloaked in lush forests, and so were nearly all of the warm parts of South America. (Ill) Apart from deforestation, vast areas of wetlands are destroyed today. (IV) But then, probably just over 10,000 years ago, a great change began. (V) Humans learned how to grow crops and raise animals, and they began to cut down trees to make room for them.

A) I B)II C)III D)IV E)V

4- (I) Oceanography is a broad field and has a number of sub-disciplines. (II) Geological oceanography includes the study of the earth at the sea's edge. (Ill) Physical oceano-graphy investigates how and why the oceans move; marine meteorology, the study of heat transfer, water cycles, and air - sea interac-tions, is included in this discipline. (IV) Chemical oceanography studies the composition and history of the water, its processes, and its interaction. (V) In addition to this, new techniques should be developed to better study the oceans.


2- (I) Cities are often assigned human characteristics, one of which is a life- cycle: they have a birth, a yo uth, a middle age, and an old age. (II) Different from ancient cities, today's are more crowded and contaminated (III) A neighbourhood, for instance, is built and settled by young, vibrant people, proud of their new homes. (IV) Together, residents and houses mature, as families grow larger and extensions get built on. (V) Eventually, though, the neighbourhood begins to show its age; Buildings sag a little, houses aren't repainted as quickly, and maintenance slips.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

5- (I) India's principal food grain, rice is sweet and cooling, sweet in post-digestive effect and light. (II) As a gruel it is the primary diet in illness, especially fevers and intes-tinal inflammations, and in convalescence. (Ill) Thus Melanie recovered from that illness after eating a dish of rice cooked with some vegetables. (IV) Rice cooked with flesh, vegetables, fat, oil, fruit is strengthening and nourishing. (V) It is used in the preparation of various medicines and is itself a medicine.

A) I B) I I C)I I I D)IV E)V

ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-1-

6-

7-

(I) At the dawn of the 21st century, more than 1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. (II) On a planet that is 71% water, less than 3% of it is fresh. (Ill) Most of that is either in the form of ice and snow in Greenland and Antarctica or in deep groundwater aquifers. (IV) And less than 1 % of that water is considered available for human needs. (V) Even then, much of it is far from large populations.

A) I B) II C)III D)IV E)V

(I) The successes in search of petroleum led to two important consequences. (II) Drilling techniques have been extended into deeper and deeper water. (Ill) First, all the countries bordered by the ocean laid territorial claims to the resources of the seabed underlying their continental shelves. (IV) This involved the governments in expanded scientific interests. (V) Second, the industrial interests were awakened to the possibilities of other potential resources.


9- (I) We pollute the air in many ways - forest clearance fires, cars, and factories all contribute to air pollution. (II) Cars give off a collection of different pollutants, inclu-ding soot and poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxides. (HI) In Los Angeles, for example, toxic gases from factories mix with soot, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and lead from cars. (IV) Lead is added to some types of gasoline, and this toxic metal finds its way into the air as well. (V) Coal-burning power stations also produce huge amounts of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and a corrosive as called sulphur dioxide.


(I) Special education process gives bright students a great opportunity to improve • themselves. (II) The Canadian special education process is very similar to that used in the US. (Ill) Provincial guidelines are set down by the national Ministry of Education and governed by the Education Act. (IV) But most decisions are m ade at the regional, district, or school level. (V) Evaluations are done by a team that may include a school district psychologist, a behaviour specialist, a special education teacher, other school or district personnel, and in some cases a parent.

A) I B)II C)IH D)IV E)V

10- (I) Brown bears will eat practically anything. (II) Because of their large size and the need to hibernate during the winter months in most of their range, they must consume many calories. (Ill) Furthermore, they are found in a variety of habitats. (IV) Their diet consists largely of vegetation. (V) High-protein items such as vertebrates and ivertebrates also make good diet.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E)V

ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-2-

1- (I) Hydrogen commonly occurs in combination with oxygen, to form water,, and with carbon and other elements in organisms. (II) Life, as we know, depends on the complex chemistry of organic matter, and yet the very early universe was made only of hydrogen, helium, and deuterium. (Ill) None of the atoms necessary for life - carbon, for instance - had yet been formed. (IV) One of the triumphs of 20th-century science is understanding that the elements needed for building planets and for supporting life are forged in the fiery furnace of stars. (V) The chemical elements produced by these stars are gravitationally bound to the galaxies in which the stars "live."


3-

4-

(I) Every February, across the country, candy, flowers, and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. (II) It has been celebrated also in our country for several decades. (Ill) But who is this mysterious saint and why do we celebrate this holiday? (IV) The history of Valentine's Day - and its patron saint - is shrouded in mystery. (V) But we do know that February has long been a month of romance.


(I) Mummies are made naturally or by embalming, which is any process that people use to help preserve a dead body. (II) Mummies can be dried out by extreme cold, by the sun, by smoke, or using chemicals such as natron. (HI) Some bodies become mummies because there were favorable natural conditions when they died. (IV) The Egyptians used to embalm the bodies of their dead Kings and Queens. (V) Others were preserved and buried with great care.

A) I B)II OH! D)IV E)V

2- (I) Unlike most other flying insects, a fly has just one pair of wings. (II) In place of hind wings, it has two small club-shaped organs called halteres that help it to balance during flight. (Ill) Flies are the most skilled aviators of the insect world. (IV) And certain species spread a disease called sleeping sickness, which may sometimes be fatal. (V) Most species can hover and land upside down, and many can fly sideaways or even backward.

A) I B)H QIII D)IV E)V

5- (I) Robinson Crusoe was one of the first English novels, as well as being one of the world's most popular adventure stories. (II) Therefore, it is one of the most interesating books I have ever read. (Ill) It was first published by William Taylor on April 25, 1719. (IV) The original title was The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. (V) It was an immediate success and went through four editions in four months.


ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-2-

6- (I) Active reading involves using strategies or approaches to texts to meet certain goals and is thinking intensive to facilit ate learning. (II) What else is implied by the term active reading? (Ill) Your daily chores should not prevent you from doing some reading. (IV) Certainly active reading involves thinking about what is read rather than simply trying to memorise it. (V) Often this thinking is aimed at mentally constructing a comprehension of the text by finding information related to your goals.

(I) In some ways, piranhas are actually friends of fishing industry. (II) Piranhas can't usually catch and kill healthy fish . (Ill) It is often the slower, weaker, or diseased fish that they catch . (IV) Many people consider piranhas pests and would like to get rid of them. (V) In this way , they keep the fish population strong and stop fish epidemics from spreading .

C ) i n D ) I V E ) V


9- (I) Many adult flies feed on blood and have sharp mouthparts that work like syringes to suck it up. (II) Bloodsucking flies include mosquitoes, midges, horseflies, and tsetse flies. (Ill) Blood is full of nutritious substances that make it a rich food. (IV) These insects often carry harmful microorganisms in their saliva. (V) When they bite, they pass on the microorganisms, which can cause dangerous diseases.

A) I B)II QIII D)IV E ) V

7- (I) Massage increases the circulation to remove wastes from the tissue while improving their nutrition by keeping the lymph free-moving and pure. (II) Massage alleviates old age and fatigue, improves the vision and the sleep, and strengthens resistance to stress and injury. (Ill) Massage should not be done when the body is suffering from an acute disease, especially a fever (IV) For it would increase toxins. (V) The type of oil to be used for massage depends upon the season; a cool oil for summ er, a warmer oil for winter.

(I) Birds of prey are daytime hunters. (II) They use their long, sharp talons to strike and seize their prey, and a hooked beak to tear up food before swallowing it. (Ill) They have excellent vision, and can spot far-off prey and accurately judge long distances. (IV) Birds of prey include eagles, buzzards, and vultures. (V) Because they do not have teeth, they use their beak to tear up their food.


A) I B) II C) D) IV E) V

A)

ODD -ONE-OUT TEST-3-

1- (I) American transcendentalism began with the formation of the Transcendental Club in Boston. (II) Transcendentalism, can be defined as knowing the truth intuitively. (Ill) Among the leaders of the movement were the essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson, the feminist and social reformer Margaret Fuller, the preacher Theodore Parker, the philosopher William Ellery Channing, and the author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau. (IV) The Transcendental Club published a magazine, The Dial. (V) And some of the club's members participated in an experiment in communal living at Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, during the 1840s.

. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

3- (I) Despite smoking's irreversible effects, it would be foolish for a smoker to conclude that, after years of smoking, quitting would do him no good. (II) Many studies prove that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. (Ill) Some of the benefits begin within months after quitting. (IV) But after years of exposure to the damaging effects of tobacco, quitting smokers must realise that they have to be realistic in their expectations of recouping their health. (V) They should bear in mind that their wishes of regaining their health will never come true.


2- (I) In Europe, public confidence in the safety of the food supply has been seriously undermined. (II) In contrast to the common belief, public concern about the risks from food is on the decrease. (Ill) The growing use of packaged foods, the emergence of new infectious agents and the increasing globalisation of the sources of our supply all create real risks. (IV) E. coli from hamburgers, degenerative neurological disorders from beef and challenges posed by biotechnology - each new issue becomes a crisis that spooks consumers. (V) Furthermore, the inability of scientists to produce precise solutions to such incidents contributes to the public's anx iety.

A) I B)II C)HI D)IV E)V

4- (I) In America capital punishment is often accompanied by injustices and inequalities. (II) Statistics show that blacks and Hispanios are more likely to be sent to death chambers than whites. (Ill) And poor defendants are condemned more often than rich ones. (IV) Moreover, it's seen that the existence of the death penalty, in fact, has no deterrent value. (V) The abolitionists in our country have struggled enormously to put an end to the death penalty.


5- (I) Biology is defined as the science of life. (II) But what do biologists mean when they speak of "life"? (Ill) And this science is one of the most boring sciences for students. (IV) Actually, there is no simple definition for this common word. (V) Life does not exist in the abstract; there is no life, only living things.


ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-3-

6- (I) The characteristics of living things are intimately interrelated, and depends on the others. (H) Survival of the Arctic hare depends on a number of adaptations, involving both physical and behavioural characteristics. (Ill) Its thick white fur, consisting of two distinct layers, camouflages it from winter predators and also produces extraordinary insulation against the Arctic cold. (IV) The animal usually rests in a very compact position, further reducing its loss of body heat. (V) Although the young are born with brown fur, which provides camouflage durin g the brief Arctic summer, the adults usually retain their white fur throughout the year.


(I) A shark expert claims that great white sharks have an ability to assess the energy value of prey. (II) While carrying its victim in its mouth, the shark determines - based on texture or taste - whether it is rich enough in fat to justify a full- scale attack. (Ill) If so, the great white begins feeding; if not, the prey is often released. (IV) And divers, surfers and snor klers are at tremendous risk of being victims of sharks. (V) When sharks ingest something that's not energetically profitable, they're stuck with that for a few days.


9- (I) The Arctic and Antarctic both have large reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, and minerals. (II) So far, the mineral wealth of the Antarctic has been left untouched. (Ill) Exploiting other natural sources can also threaten animal life. (IV) However, in the Arctic, oil and gas extraction are both major industries. (V) Oil is brought up from the shallow seabed and then pumped across Alaska by pipeline to the Pacific port of Valdez.


1- (I) Sadly, too many students read passively, failing to construct accurate comprehension with the guidance of a purpose or goal for reading. (II) The result is that too many students begin to dislike their reading and come to view it as a necessary evil. (Ill) Reading doesn't have to be an onerous task that you dread. (IV) In addition to skills of managing time and making effective notes, reading is an important task. (V) But, to avoid these ill feelings about reading, you will need to invest ajittle time to develop more active reading strategies.


10- (I) The structure of the great Buddhist monument tells many things. (II) Its seven terraces are lined with scenes of the Buddha's spiritual progress, carved in stone. (III) As pilgrims walk around and upwards, they learn about how to follow his example. (IV) At the top is an empty, bell-shaped dome, perhaps inviting the presence of the Buddha and his wisdom. (V) Many religions use architecture, sculpture, and the other arts to convey their ideas.


ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-4-

1- (I) Sub-Saharan Africa's per capita income is lower today than in 1980. (II) Indeed, in parts of that continent, children are more likely to die before their fifth birthday than to learn to read, and teen age girls are more likely to become HIV positive than to graduate from high school. (Ill) The only ones who can offer those children a better future are the governments and citizens of the poor countries themselves. (IV) But when many of the poorest countr ies are labouring under the weight of the debts they owe to the international community, we owe them a fresh start in the way we try to help. (V) Furthermore, the number of those HIV positive has incredibly increased in the last two decades.

A) I B) II C)III D)IV E)V

3- (I) The assimilation of Native Americans was achieved with wise efforts of the Europeans. (II) They opened a lot of boarding schools, in which they could easily disseminate their ideas and bring their so-called civilisation. (Ill) Civilisation should not be regarded as being rich and leading a luxurious life. (IV) One of the means of civilisation used at those schools for Native Americans was sport. (V) Having been beaten and rejected in so many areas of life, the Native American children enjoyed the sports competitions that gave them the chance to win something.

A) I B)H C)HI D)IV E)V

2- (I) In the nineteenth century, a number of authors emerged and contributed to the American literature. (II) John Ruskin, the greatest master of ornate prose in the English language, was born in London and educated at Oxford. (Ill) He studied painting, and became a graceful and accurate draftsman, but he early transferred his main energies from the production to the criticism and teaching of art. (IV) In 1843 appeared the first volume of "Modern Painters," and succeeding volumes continued to be published till it was completed by the fifth in 1860. (V) The startling originality of this work, both in style and in the nature of its aesthetic theories, brought the author at once into prominence, though for some time he was more attacked than followed.

A) I B) II C) ffl D) IV E) V

4- (I) You can see blue macaws in cages at zoos, in pet stores, or perhaps performing in parrot shows. (II) Did you know that in some parts of the world, you can find them in the wild? (Ill) They live by rivers in swampy regions, build their nests in tree holes and eat plants that humans would find unpleasant or even poisonous. (IV) Humans trap and sell these macaws as exotic pets. (V) Scientists believe that they neutralise these poisons by eating clay at mineral licks.


5- (I) Plant fossils hint that no flowers bloomed to add colour or fragrance to the Age of Reptiles. (II) Instead, conifers spread their feathery needles over gigantic ferns, cicadas, and horsetails. (Ill) Many of the first fossils recognised in the 181 century to be the remains of ancient animals, rather than merely odd rocks, were aquatic, such as the great spiralling ammonites. (IV) These thrived in a climate even hotter than today's tropics. (V) The air, naturalists thought, was denser and higher in carbon dioxide, shrouding the landscape in stiffing mist.


ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-4-

(I) "Tennis," a sport which first developed in France, was originally "tenez" which is the French verb "tenir" conjugated],at the second person of the plural as a polite imperative verb. (II) Thereafter, this sport gained world-wide popularity. (Ill) They were saying "tenez" when they hit the ball so as to say :"there, try to get this one". (IV) But tennis lost popularity in France and gained popularity in England at the same time. (V) So, English people were still using the word "tenez" each time they hit the ball, but saying it with the English accent which sounded more like tennis, and which eventually took this new spelling.


(I) The earth's climate is predicted to change because human activities are altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases. (II) These gases are primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. (Ill) The heat- trapping property of these gases is undisputed. (IV) Still, no agreement has been reached on how to solve the problem of greenhouse effect. (V) Although uncertainty exists about exactly how earth's climate responds to these gases, global temperatures are rising.


(I) According to some sources the chess game was invented between four or five thousand years ago. (II) A great deal has been written about the origins of the modern Chess variants and there is still a lot of debate on the subject. (Ill) The earliest clear ancestor of Chess is Shaturanga or Chaturanga which was invented by a 6!h century Indian philosopher. (IV) It was a battle between four armies each under the control of a Rajah (king), two players being loosely allied against the other two and each containing 4 corps - Infantry, Cavalry, Elephants and Boatmen. (V) The board of 64 squares used for Shaturanga, was borrowed from an earlier game called Ashtapada, which was a race game played in Ancient India.


9- (I) When the market for lighting oil vanished, whales continued to be hunted for their meat. (II) In the Arctic and Antarctic, hunting has had a damaging effect on wildlife. (Ill) Many polar animals, including whales, seals, and penguins, were hunted for their meat. (IV) Before the days of electric lighting, they were also hunted for their fat, which was made into oil, for use in oil lamps. (V) The whale population suffered most, and their numbers dropped catastrophically.


10- (I) Animals communicate in order to exchange information with one another. (II) They may do this to warn rival members of their own species or potential predators to move away; or to attract a mate in order to breed. (Ill) Some animals use visual signals, such as bright body colors and patterns (IV) Many different animal species use stinking odors to repel predators. (V) Others communicate using chemicals: queen bees release chemicals called pheromones to maintain order in their colonies.

C ) m D ) I V E ) V A)

ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-5-

(I) The U.S., in this one-superpower age, has perhaps never been so dominant -economically, militarily, culturally, (II) That strength attracts immigrants, who bring with them new forms of music. (HI) And that strength also inspires competition, as musicians and performers in other countries assert their national identities and culture and create new musical genres they can call their own. (IV) Garage in Britain, kwaito in South Africa, ever evolving forms of reggae in Jamaica can be good examples for this. (V) In fact, music is often a rhythm of resistance: against parents, against police, against power.

A) I B)I I C)HI D)IV E)V

4- (I) Edgar Allan Poe (1809-49) was born in Boston, the child of an actor who died while he was very young. (II) He was adopted by a Virginian gentleman, Mr. John Allan, who put him to school in England for five years, then in Richmond, and finally sen t him to the University of Virginia. (Ill) Today, it is one of the most famous universities in America. (IV) He remained there only a short time, and after finding that he disliked business, and publishing a volume of poems, he enlisted in the army. (V) Mr. Allan had him discharged and placed him in West Point, from which he got himself dismissed.

A) I B) I I C)I I I D)IV E)V

2- (I) Amphibians can live both on land and in water. (II) Most amphibians have moist skin, which lacks hair or scales. (Ill) Amphibians are divided into three groups: frogs and toads; newts and salamanders; and warmlike caelicians. (IV) The skin can be used, with the lungs, for breathing. (V) Most lay their eggs in water.

A) I B )U QII I D) IV E )V

(I) The hovering ability and general maneuverability of hummingbirds provided the best design ideas for Igor Sikorsky, inventor of the helikopter. (II) Contrary to popular belief, hummingbirds land and sit for long periods of time. (Ill) Their favorite perch ing spots are usually the tops of large trees, from which they can survey their territory. (IV) Consequently, we usually see them only when they hover to gather nectar or when one zips by to chase another bird out of its territory. (V) This has also led to the misconseption that hummigbirds lack feet.


5- (I) Daniel Defoe was born in London, the son of a butcher and candlestick merchant. (II) Much of his work was political and satirical. (HI) Initially he bec ame a businessman but eventually went bankrupt twice so he turned to writing. (IV) Some scholars have attributed at least 570 works to him, though more recently other scholars have re-examined this and removed many of the works from the list, saying these attributions were based solely on very weak internal evidence. (V) Still, Defoe was a very prolific writer.

A) I B) I I QIII D)IV E)V

ODD-ONE-OUT TEST-5-

6- (I) To give an exact account of those suffering from domestic violence is truly difficult. (II) When spouses, intimate partners, or dates use physical violence, threats, emotional abuse, harassment, or stalking to control the behavior of their partners, they are committing domestic violence. (Ill) Most victims of domestic violence are women. (IV) Children who witness domestic violence are also victims; they suffer from behavioral and cognitive problems. (V) Boys, especially, are more likely to be aggressive and engage in criminal behavior if they grow up in homes where domestic violence exists.

9- (I) Giraffes have such big bodies that their heads may look small (II) But a giraffe's head can really be huge as much as 61cm. (Ill) Every time a giraffe raises its head, it has to lift 250kg. (IV) However, this ability allows them to get victory over the lion. (V) That's the combined weight of the head and the neck on an average male giraffe.


A) I B) C) III D) IV E) V

7-

8-

(I) Sperm and ovum are two cells, playing the most important part in the reproduction system of living things. (II) An animal's ovum consists of a nucleus and a substance called yolk, which is a food store. (Ill) Ovum is a female simple sex cell - usually in an ovary and is often larger than a male sex cell. (IV) Sperm is a male sex cell. (V) It is produced in an organ called a testis by a process called spermatogenesis.


(I) There are hundreds, if not thousands, of editions of Gulliver for children, edited and formatted for specific age groups and reading levels. (II) I have not tried to identify or evaluate these; when pressed, I tend to recommend the Grosset & Dunlap edition. (Ill) It has a brief introduction, is somewhat upfront about what has been deleted, merges parts III and IV, but otherwise makes a decent presentation of the story. (IV) This edition is, in its way, a classic and is still in print. (V) However, Jonathan Swift's tale has long been regarded only as a charming children's fantasy.


10- (I) Probably composed in late 1606 or early 1607, Macbeth is the last of Shakespeare's four great tragedies, the others being Hamlet, King Lear and Othello. (II) The success he achieved in these works encouraged him to produce more works. (Ill) It is a relatively short play without a major sub-plot, and it is considered by many scholars to be Shakespeare's darkest work. (IV) Lear is an utter tragedy in which the natural world is amorally indifferent toward mankind, but in Macbeth, Shakespeare adds a supernatural dimension that purposively conspires against Macbeth and his kingdom. (V) In the tragedy of Lear, the distraught king summons the goddess of Chaos, Hecht; in Macbeth, Hecate appears as an actual character.


ODD-ONE-OUT EXAMPLES FROM YDS

(I) I'm sure we would have enjoyed the play much more if we had had better seats. (II) As it was they were far from good. (Ill) But the actors and actresses really were wonderful. (IV) They were in the back row and right at the side. (V) This meant we could only see half of the stage.


5- (I) The article deals with growing problem of population, especially water pollution. (II) Present-day traffic has destroyed much of the peace of the city centre. (Ill) On weekdays there are lorries everywhere delivering goods. (IV) At weekends there is an endless stream of private cars and buses. (V) I am always so thankful I live in the quiet outskirts, not in the city centre.


2- (I) One reason why the detective story is popular is that the reader puts himself in the place of the detective. (II) Space fiction has also become more popular in recent years. (Ill) Like the detective he tries to analyse the psychology of the characters. (IV) Like the detective he looks for clues in the environment. (V) And like him again he wants to solve the mystery.

A) I B)II C)IH D)IV E)V

6- (I) Chesterton was a kindly person and much liked wherever he went. (II) Children who met him thought him wonderful. (Ill) Naturally it was people such as these that he disliked most. (IV) Even so as a journalist, he found plenty to attack. (V) In particular he fought tyranny at every level of human life.


3- (I) When Columbus decided to sail west in order to get to the east, he faced many problems. (II) For a long time the rich refused to give him money for the project. (Ill) Having got the money he couldn't find a crew to sail the ship. (IV) This made people think that the world was flat. (V) In the end he found some prisoners willing to make the voyage with him, and set off with them.


7- (I) Someone had suggested that the school should open a little shop for the sale of soft drinks, biscuits, pencils and rubbers. (II) The idea was discussed for half an hour or so. (Ill) It was finally rejected by quite a large majority. (IV) The older children will be able to help and get a lot of experience. (V) The main objection was that it would be very difficult to organize.


4- (I) Homer's treatment of the Greek and Trojan heroes is unbiased. (II) He takes great care to show that on both sides there are good and bad people. (Ill) Although the Trojans are the enemy in Homer's epic, they are not villains. (IV) The gods were quick to punish such bad behaviour. (V) They are as human and the heroic as the Greeks.


(I) The present age is faced with many problems. (II) Some people are particularly good at solving problems. (HI) One of the most serious is that of food, or rather the shortage of it. (IV) While the population of the world increases, so does the demand for food. (V) In the future there may be a hungry world.



9- (I) Antarctica appears to be warming faster than anywhere else on the planet. (II) The ice is melting, and the winters are markedly warmer. (Ill) Indeed, industrial pollution is a major threat to the wild life. (IV) Grass is now beginning to push up through what was frozen wasteland just a few years ago. (V) Yet, this warming in Antarctica is causing problems for the penguins, the natives of the continent.


10- (I) There is nothing unusual about a single language dying. (II) Communities have come and gone throughout history, and with them their languages. (Ill) The Hittite language, for example, died out when its civilisation disappeared. (IV) Small communities in isolated areas can easily be wiped out by earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters. (V) Yet, in comparison with what happened in the past, what is happening today is extraordinary, for the cultural and linguistic diversity of the world is everywhere under threat.


13- (I) In sixteenth-century England, the theatre was a very popular form of entertainment. (II) In many ways it was different from the theatre of our time. (Ill) Shakespeare, who was the leading dramatist of the time, is still regarded as one of the world's greatest. (IV) For one thing, the theatre had no roof, and plays were acted with no setting. (V) Performances were given in the afternoons, and had to be cancelled if the weather was bad.


14- (I) The year 1666 was the year of the great fire of London. (II) There is very little agreement among historians as regards the population of London at the time. (Ill) The houses were all made of wood, so they burned easily and there was a wind to fan the flames. (IV) So, despite all efforts to put it out, the fire raged for four days. (V) At the end, thousands of the Londoners were made homeless.


I- (I) Operations that were not even dreamed'of fifty years ago are now being carried out successfully. (II) Due to the spread of diseases, hospitals are getting more and more crowded. (Ill) For instance, the heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. (IV) Blocked blood vessels can be cleaned out. (V) The whole stomach, even, can be removed without causing serious problems.


15- (I) Dr. Johnson will always be remembered for producing the first serious dictionary of the English language. (II) In 1747 he published the Plan of his Dictionary. (Ill) The age in which he lived is reflected in his writings. (IV) According to this plan, he hoped to complete the work in three years. (V) Actually, however, it took him seven years to compile his dictionary. A) I B)II QIII D)IV E)V

12- (I) Homer designed his tale in the form of a tree. (II) The principal plot forms the trunk of the tree, and many stories branch off from the trunk. (Ill) Some of these stories are only the portrayal of principal characters. (IV) Homer is supposed to have written both The Odyssey and The Iliad. (V) The others describe various incidents related to the main theme.


16- (I) Myths were originally created as entertaining stories with a serious purpose. (II) The best known of the mythologies in the world is the Greek mythology. (Ill) They have two main aims. (IV) One is to explain the nature of the universe. (V) The other is to instruct members of the community in the attitudes and behaviour necessary to function successfully.



17- (I) After the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 many splendid mosques were built in that city. (II) The inner walls of these mosques were mostly decorated with tiles made in Iznik. (Ill) Decorative tile work was invented in the Near East as a protection for walls of sun-dried brick. (IV) These were painted in rich colours on a white ground. (V) The patterns were floral and arabesque, similar to those used on the pottery also made there.


18- (I) Most students probably regard mathematics as the most difficult course they take, (II) This is largely because they think it is difficult or have been told that it is. (Ill) In fact, it really isn't difficult at all. (IV) In order to learn mathematics one simply needs to concentrate and practise the materials. (V) The mathematics classes of good modern schools are very different from the classes of thirty or forty years ago.


21- (I) What is coal? (II) How did it get into the ground? (Ill) Coal mining has always been tough and dangerous. (IV) Coal is the remains of plants that died millions of years ago. (V) Prehistoric dead plants were converted into coal by chemical changes over long periods of time.


22- (I) No one really knows how we learn to speak. (II) Some people have disorders that affect their speech. (Ill) Some think that we are born with an inherited ability to learn a language. (IV) Others think that a child learns to speak simply by copying what it hears. (V) But one thing is certain: children are born with a strong desire to communicate with the people around them.


19- (I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories use water from rivers and lakes to cool their machinery. (II) In the process, of course, the water is heated. (Ill) This heated water is then returned to the environment. (IV) New and better methods of preventing thermal pollution must be found. (V) But heated water holds less dissolved oxygen than cool water, so plants and animals that use this water may die from oxygen starvation.


20- (I) The work of oceanographers is extremely varied. (II) They study fish and marine life in general. (Ill) They also explore ocean bottoms to learn how they were formed and what they are made of. (IV) Further, they study currents and tides and the effects of ocean pollution. (V) Actually, it is not only the seas that have become polluted, but also rivers and lakes.


23- (I) People say it is easier to learn a foreign language when one is young. (II) After all, we all learn a language in our infancy without even being aware of it. (Ill) With this in mind, a lot of kindergartens try to introduce the children to a foreign language. (IV) One should not forget that some people learn a foreign language easily while others don't. (V) In theory this is an excellent plan, but the results have not been as successful as one might have hoped.


24- (I) The Dutch painter, Vermeer, was born in Delft in 1632. (II) The contrast here between the trivial subject and the monumental design is disturbing. (Ill) Most of his pictures show the interiors of ordinary houses. (IV) The figures are usually eating or letter writing or music making. (V) The ordinary scenes, however, are transformed by his brilliant use of light.


PARAGRAPH COMPLETION TEST-1-

1- ........ ; perhaps their minds roam further to make up for the relative inactivity of their bodies. Modern research shows that children dream more than adults do, and foetuses seem to dream all the time.

A) Kids need more sleeping than adults do B) Having sleep debt causes you to sleep

during the day C) Some experts claim that eight hours of

sleeping will be sufficient for children D) Cows sleeping in barns dream twice as

much as those sleeping in meadows E) Why people dream has been a matter of

concern to researchers for centuries

2- Crocodiles are carnivores that are adapted for life in water and on land............, with their eyes and nostrils showing but with the rest of their body submerged. After seizing their prey, they tear pieces off it by biting hard and suddenly spinning around.

A) The moment they spot their victim, they attack with no hesitation

B) They are exceptionally good hunters C) They usually lie in wait for their prey

underwater D) Following their prey insidiously E) They hide themselves behind trees, and

when they spot their prey, they approach it quietly

4- ................Therefore, the first stage in rebuilding a dinosaur consists of reconstructing its framework of bones. After specialists have restored and identified the bones, they compare their findings with known data and fit them together, picking up useful clues along the way.

A) One of the most difficult things for a palaeontologist is reconstructing the framework of a dinosaur's bones

B) Palaeontologists spend most of their lives looking for fossil remains of dinosaurs and examining them

C) There are many stages of reconstructing a dinosaur

D) Dinosaurs left behind a profusion of amazing fossil remains

E) However hard it may seem, identifying a dinosaur's bones can be possible

3- The national bird of the United States is more likely to be seen on a postage stamp or the back of a quarter than in the wild. .............. Destruction of its habitat, along with people's use of pesticides, are making it more difficult for the bald eagle to live and reproduce.

A) Thus, there are a great number of birds, like the bald eagle, facing the danger of being extinct

B) It's rare everywhere in the United States except Alaska

C) In Alaska many birds are almost extinct D) Since it's the national bird, nearly every

individual has a bald eagle E) Its favourite foods are birds, mammals and

carrion

5- ............. The tip of North Island has an almost subtropical climate, with tidal creeks lined by mangrove swamps. The western coast of South Island, more than 600 miles away, is rugged mountainous, with steep-sided fjords, broad valleys, and remote, undisturbed beaches. At one time, the whole of New Zeland was home to a wide variety of animals found nowhere else on Earth. Today, many o f these species are extinct.

A) New Zeland, one of the remotest places in the world, is famous for its coasts

B) Remote South Island is home to many rare animals

C) Tuatara is one of the many rare animals found only in New Zeland

D) Visitors to New Zeland become surprised to find so many tourist facilities

E) The coast of New Zeland is full of extraordinary contrasts


6- The Greeks called Mediterranean "Thalassa" and believed that it was encompassed by land, which in turn was surrounded by endlessly circling river Oceanus. In 325 B.C. Alexander the Great reached the deserts of the Mekran Coast. .............He and his troops had expected to find a dark, fearsome sea of whirlpools and water spouts inhabited monsters and demons; they found tides that were unknown to them.

A) No one had explored the coast before them B) He did not believe that there was anything

dangerous near the shore C) There are a lot of myths like this one in the

Greek mythology D) He sent his fleet down to the coast in an

apparent effort to probe the mystery of Oceanus

E) He decided not to risk his soldiers' lives and so did not send them to the coast to explore the truth behind "Oceanus."

7- In the late 1940s the United Nations Organisation began a series of world-wide studies of human populations and of their rates of growth. These investigations awakened the world to the realities of population explosion................ Although this may appear to be relatively small, it means that during the next century the population could increase to eight times the present numbers and in the next 350 years could reach the vast total of one thousand times the present numbers.

A) The statistics indicate the seriousness of the situation

B) The global average rate of population growth is about 2% per year

C) The growth rate of population is proportionate with the rate of food production

D) Experts claim that these numbers do not . show the realities

E) However, further research is needed to reveal the adverse effects of population explosion

8- In the hostile conditions of the tundra, plants grow extremely slowly .............. In the Arctic, for example, motor vehicles are becoming more common, and they are sometimes driven over the open tundra. When this happens, vehicle tracks remain visible for decades because plants are slow to grow over them-

A) The Antarctic ice covers most of the land, lying over solid rock

B) The authorities banished all vehicles from the Arctic regions

C) Certain species live very comfortably in those circumstances

D) And true sea ice forms when the sea freezes over

E) This means that it takes a long time for them to recover from any damage

9- ............... This unsightly condition is caused by pollution. This kind of pollution occurs when gases and microscopic particles are released into the Earth's atmosphere. Sometimes these particles come from natural sources, such as volcanoes or bush fires, but more often they are produced by human activity.

A) Environmental conditions have adversely affected the atmosphere

B) Global warming is another thing that is responsible for air pollution

C) The air above many cities is brown and murky, and the horizon disappears into blur

D) Urban areas greatly suffer from polluting gases

E) Today, Earth Days, Green Parties are organised, but they are all in vain

10- : they are able to detect bio- electronic impulses and electrical fields in the water, such as those caused by motors. Today, scientists believe that when great white sharks approach a boat, they're usually coming to investigate, not necessarily to attack.

A) Sharks do not normally eat people. B) A shark is an amazing fish that lives

mostly in oceans C) Used primarily for tracking prey, ampoule

are among the most important of a great white shark's sensory organs

D) They are of different sizes which range from the size of your hand to the size of a school bus

E) Shark attacks rarely ever happen


1- The blunt-nosed viper is a dangerous and highly poisonous snake. It is a fat snake, varying in colour with a yellow and horn like tail-end. It attacks only in defence. If it is disturbed, it hisses loudly and may attack very rapidly ........... because when it bites, its teeth remain embedded in the tissue and the movements of the jaw pump large amounts of poison into the wound.

A) Of all other vipers, it's the least dangerous B) It doesn't have poison in great amounts C) It is particularly dangerous D) Bites of a viper can easily be healed E) Its venom is not normally dangerous to

man

2- When, as tiny babies, we first enter this world, we have no experience, we know no words; our minds are not filled with thoughts and ideas. We simply exist, aware only of our immediate surroundings and secure in the love of our parents............ ; we learn to communicate through speech as well as with the other senses. Our minds and spirits are opened up to thoughts and ideas, experience, and reflection.

A) We start asking question about the origin of the universe

B) As we grow older we become aware of ourselves and of our surroundings

C) Especially such thoughts as violence and hatred'never occupy our minds

D) Their efforts for the sake of bringing up us are tremendous

E) Spiritually healthy individuals become in good harmony with society

3- ............... : catlike carnivores and doglike carnivores. Catlike carnivores include cats, such as cheetahs and lions, as well as civets, hyenas, and mongooses. Fast runners and climbers, cats of all kinds are well adapted for hunting. Dogs, wolves, foxes, bears, racoons, badgers, skunks, and water-living otters are doglike carnivores. They are well adapted for running and hunting in open country.

A) One of the main differences between catlike carnivores and doglike carnivores is their appearances

B) All of the flesh-eating mammals can be highly dangerous to human beings

C) It's not so easy to distinguish between catlike carnivores and doglike carnivores

D) Their excellent senses of hearing and smell make dogs good hunters

E) Carnivores, or flesh-eating mammals, are divided into two groups

4- Some parts of the world, particularly China and northern India, suffered deforestation long ago, and little of the original forest cover remains there.............. but it is now happening at extraordinary speed. The Amazonian basin contains the largest area of rain forest on Earth, but it is being cut down so rapidly that it too is in danger of disappearing altogether.

A) Most of Spain was once covered by forest B) Some precautions have been taken C) In old days agricultural development was

very slow D) In other places, such as the Amazon,

deforestation began much more recently E) Therefore Chinese and Indian timber

industry developed rapidly

5- ............... But nowhere, perhaps, does it pose such a problem as in the European countries that share America's democratic values and maintain close economic, military and cultural ties with their transatlantic partner. They can not understand how the U.S. can claim to be the leading champion of democracy and continue to apply the death penalty.

A) People have become conscious that death penalty serves as a good deterrent

B) Big crimes necessitate big punishments C) That the U.S. executes is troubling to

many people around the world D) The United Nations are coming together to

discuss the application of the death penalty in the U.S.

E) New ways should be found as deterrent against the capital punishment


6- The lecture is probably the oldest teaching method and still the method most widely used in universities throughout the world. Through the ages a great deal of practical wisdom about techniques of lecturing has accumulated. Effective lecturers combine the talents of scholar, writer, producer, comedian, entertainer, and teacher in ways that contribute to student learning ...........

A) However, they are egalitarian in their classes

B) Nevertheless, it is also true that few college professors combine these talents in optimal ways.

C) Today's universities hold many conferences about effective teaching methods

D) Considering the great technological advances, one can say it can be easy to make learning more enjoyable

E) Tests should not be thought simply as a means of assigning grades

7- ............Its colour and texture are good indicators of its cleanliness. It should be clear enough for you to see through at least 3m of water and distinguish objects such as a metal grating on the bottom of the pool. Foamy or bubbling water along the pool's edge is a sign of potential trouble.

A) Take a close look at the water before you jump in a pool as a first precaution

B) Pay attention to the beach, whose sand doesn't look clean

C) Don't forget that while you are swimming in a pool, your closest friends are bacteria and parasites

D) Diseases caused by pool water should not be ignored

E) Keep your mouth shut while you are swimming

Of all meats, that of the rooster is most strengthening to the body..........; its daily use should be limited to those who exercise constantly to prevent them from becoming weak or falling ill.

A) One should eat more vegetables and fruits than meat

B) Meat is better consumed as a broth or soup rather than as a steak or chop

C) Kids should be advised not to consume the meat of junk foods

D) Meat juice is regarded as nectar itself E) However, except for venison and chicken,

one should never become habituated to meat

9- .......... One of them is that they are highly organised. In living things, atoms are combined into a vast number of very large molecules called macromolecules. Each type of macromolecule has a distinctive structure and a specific function in the life of the organism of which it is a part.

A) A stem reflects the complicated organisation of many different kinds of atoms into molecules

B) Living things are capable of maintaining a stable internal environment

C) Organisation among certain living things is more obvious

D) All living things share certain characteristics

E) Some macromolecules are linked with other macromolecules

10- In return for the power and independence accorded the judiciary, citizens rightly expect a high standard of personal and official account from their judges............., they lessen respect for the law and cause ordinary people to suffer.

A) If you apply to the court B) Businessmen make use of that leniency C) When they abuse their authority D) Thus they should act according to the law E) Defending the innocent's rights is their

essential duty


1- Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate, and heats the earth's surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmosp heric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the/outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse. Without this natural "greenhouse effect," temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth's average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F ............

A) But global warming has no relation with the increasing air pollution

B) However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases

C) Predictions of some scientists prove how these climatic changes lead to fatal catastrophes

D) If these temperatures continue at this height constant certain species of plants and animals may perish

E) And some poisonous gases that are released from vehicles threaten the environment

2- In Europe and North America, many millions of tourists visiting the mountains each year cause damage by trampling vegetation and leaving waste. Even on Mount Everest garbage has been left behind by parties of climbers............. , because many parts of them are relatively inaccessible. Some regions are, however, at risk from the millions of tourists who visit each year, although the establishment of national parks, such as Yellowstone and Yosemite, has done much to conserve those areas.

A) Especially illegal hunters are responsible for this

B) Also on the Himalayas, you can see the same scene

C) The Rockies are not as threatened as many other habitats

D) Even mountaineers can't climb there E) Governments have difficulty handling the

situation perfectly

3- The writings of the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Romans, Greeks and Chinese have all mentioned garlic as a wonderful remedy for a wide variety of disorders......... as 'The Disgusting', 'The Supreme Medicine', 'Lacking-One-Taste', this last because garlic possesses five of the six tastes, lacking only the sour.

A) Surely, its value cannot be ignored B) For example, stomach-ache can be

avoided by eating garlic C) As it is abundant in vitamin C, patients

suffering from cold had better eat it. D) As much as we can understand from

these sources E) In the Sanskrit texts it is known variously

4- ............ On March 24,1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez spilled 11 million gallons of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound, on the south coast of Alaska. Millions of animals were killed in this catastrophe.

A) Besides the pollution it causes, oil is one of the most important energy resources

B) However hard it may seem, oil can be brought up from the seabed

C) Animals are in danger of extinction due to a number of causes

D) Wherever oil is transported, there is a danger of spillage and pollution

E) Oceans of the world are crowded with ships of many nations seeking for oil

5- ........... Man seems to have just discovered the significance of this law. We now realise that we do not and cannot isolate ourselves from the ecosystem - we are a part of it. It has become obvious that we cannot continuously take parts of the ecosystems and discard it molecule into the oceans, lakes, streams, air, and onto the land.

A) One of the important laws of nature is recycling

B) People go on contaminating the environment not taking into account the catastrophic consequences

C) A number of laws have been passed so that the nature can be protected

D) Hardly any success has been achieved for the sake of protecting the environment

E) Human beings have long been unaware of the fact that the ecosystem is in danger


6- Born and educated in England, Anne Bradstreet both admired and imitated several English poets. The influence of these English poets did not diminish when Mrs. Bradstreet, at age eighteen, came to America in 1630.......... ; a developed nation was exchanged for a relative wilderness. That this exchange brought hardships is evident from Bradstreet's "Some Verses on the Burning of Our House."

A) She, then, decided to be more passionately interested in poetry

B) The environment in which she wrote, however, did not remain constant

C) Her willingness would bring her success in her future career

D) In addition to this, she wrote about the difference between rural communities and developed nation

E) She became extremely fond of them

................Centenarians, for example, credit a variety of factors for their longevity: good food, hard work, even cigars and brandy. In one area of China, which has dozens of citizens aged 100-plus, the people swear by a medicinal wine whose ingredients include local lizards.

A) Perhaps there is some secret substance in the apricots of Hunza

B) Well-brewed lizard wine has tremendous medical value

C) In the remote parts of the world, human beings live long and healthily

D) Herbal products have gained great importance in Far-eastern countries

E) Cigarette-smoking is not so harmful, indeed

7- ............. They mummified the bodies of the dead to make them last forever, so that a dead person's spirit would always have a home. They also filled their tombs with magical protection to help them to survive the dangerous journey across Duat, and with food and equipment they might need.

. A) The Egyptians prepared for the afterlife in several ways

B) Mayas are known to have had some ways of punishing wicked people

C) According to the Egyptians, the soul of the dead would not leave the body of a dead person until the Judgement Day

D) In the past, not only Egyptians but also other nations mummified the bodies of the dead

E) Magic spells were each considered a prayer for the dead person

9- Almost fifty species of butterflies occur on the island of Cyprus........... whereas the others pass through as migrants between Africa, Southern Europe and the Middle East. Notably the red admiral and the Cyprus meadow brown are in evidence throughout the year.

A) Southern parts of Europe is, thus, more favourable for butterflies

B) The Southern white admiral has single row of black spots

C) The island's swallow-tail butterflies are larger and brighter

D) Today, the most frequently seen animals are fox, Cyprian hare and rabbit

E) A few of them are endemic to the island

10- .......... They teach people how to live, and tells stories about creation which help to explain life. They offer their followers systems of ideas and beliefs, rituals of worship, social organisations to belong to.

A) Scientists highly contribute to the understanding of the mystery of creation

B) People need religions to satisfy their spiritual needs

C) There are a lot of myths of creation D) Religions have several dimensions E) In every society it's so common to find

spiritual leaders


1- Fishing for human food and for other purposes is a traditional use of the ocean. The improved techniques and increased activity have led to growing catches that provide a significant fraction of the world's supply of protein. The question remains as to whether or not the ocean can ever be farmed in the way that the land is used for agriculture ................Some have been successful but they are limited to high-priced commodities.

A) Experts are trying to find ways to get a lot better harvest

B) Attempts have been made to raise certain types of fish in shallow coastal areas

C) Transportation problems should be solved before setting up artificial ponds for fish- raising

D) Other kinds of food are more nutritious E) Farmers have difficulty finding the

necessary fertilisers

2- ..........; if, for example, you become exhausted after running for an hour, never run for more than half an hour at a time. Exercising until sweat appears on the forehead is sufficient to strengthen the circulation.

A) Following a nutritious diet is fundamental for those engaging in regular exercise

B) Respiratory system is directly affected by the state of the body

C) Meals should be eaten at fixed hours every day

D) You should not ignore whether your body takes in necessary nutrients or not

E) At no time should you expend more than half your available energy on exercise

3- ............ In 1997 the Literature award was won by Dario Fo, the Italian satirical actor who was hardly a writer at all. In 1992 the Peace prize went to a previously unheard of Central American leftist named Rigoberta Menchu, who turned out to have invented some of her autobiographical account of her family's suffering. A) Kofi Annan won the Nobel Peace Prize

last week B) Some people try hard in order to win

prizes while others win practically without moving their fingers

C) Throughout their history, the Nobel Prizes have gone to some odd and controversial figures

D) There are several prizes, two of which are Pulitzer and Nobel

E) The Nobel Peace Prize should be given to people who really deserve it

4- ............... If you get close enough, you can see that African elephants have two prehensile projections at the end of the trunk, while Asian elephants have one. These projections act like fingers and can pick up small objects like a twig, a leaf, or a flower.

A) A great variety of animals live in the Serengeti

B) Elephants can easily be distinguished from afar

C) You can distinguish an African elephant from an Asian one by their larger size, bigger ears, and by their look

D) Some animals share similar characteristics E) The reason why elephants are interesting

to many may be their being big

5- Colonial writers of New England often seemed ignorant of such great English authors as Ben Jonson ............, thereby cutting themselves off from the finest lyric and dramatic models the English language had produced. In addition, many colonials remained ignorant due to the lack of books. A) Some colonial writers rejected English

poets who belonged to a different sect as well

B) Illiteracy was on the increase because of the absence of learning materials

C) On the contrary, they chose another way of expressing their ideas

D) Their disadvantage was that they could not reach the works in the mother country

E) Most of them appreciated the works of the mother country and made use of it


6- Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15% ............ Sulfate aerosols, a common air pollutant, cool the atmosphere by reflecting light back into space; however, sulfates are short-lived in the atmosphere and vary regionally.

A) The decline in the air pollution may be attributed to this

B) Thanks to the industrial revolution rapid technological progress was observed

C) Though there are many people pressing for laws that will protect the environment, there is no reduction in the environmental pollution

D) If the government did not handle this problem, there would be hardly any way of getting rid of dirty air

E) These increases have enhanced the heat- trapping capability of the earth's atmosphere

On Earth's comfortable surface, ......... - 14.7 pounds of air lightly caressing every square inch of our bodies - we don't even feel it. But the ocean is made of denser stuff. As you dive down in it, the pressure increases by the equivalent of one atmosphere every 10 meters, or 33 feet .

A) human beings are bestowed with a lot of bounties

B) a large variety of creatures live C) we are so accustomed to atmospheric

pressure D) two-third of our planet is covered with

water E) there are diverse living conditions

8- Experts cite dynamite fishing as a major threat to tropical reef life. Controlled underwater explosions knock fish unconscious............. The blast kills not only the fish but also the other species, including corals, which can take decades, even centuries, to mature.

A) For this reason dynamite fishing should be banned immediately

B) Coral reefs have been thoughtlessly destroyed in the past two decades

C) But the dynamite doesn't know a parrot- fish from a prawn

D) Far Eastern people make their living particularly by fishing

E) They have also noted a decline in the number of reef sharks

9- Groups of giraffes are called herds.............. For one thing, members of a giraffe herd don't have to stay with that herd if they don't want to. They are free to wander off at any time and join another herd. For another thing, the structure of a giraffe is so loose that it's often hard to tell who the leader is.

A) Herds are usually small, but herd size may depend on the amount of food that's available

B) Sometimes, the "herd" may include only two giraffes

C) If there's more food in a certain area, you might find more giraffes there

D) But giraffe herds are different from the herds of most other animals

EJ "Giraffe" comes from the Arabic word, xirapha, which means one that walks very fast

10- ............For example, ostriches change chemical energy stored in their powerful leg muscles into energy of motion. The chemical energy that sustains the ostriches and makes possible their great speed is derived from the plant materials that constitute the bulk of their diet.

A) Living things are highly specialised at converting energy from one form to another

B) Some animals are well-known because of their speed

C) Living systems maintain a chemical composition

D) Composition of a diet is important for all living things

E) Intake of energy determines the amount of motion of living thing s


1- ............... His two daughters followed different paths in their father's eyes. His older daughter, Susanna, married a prominent local doctor, John Hall, in 1607. Susanna gave Shakespeare his only grandchild, Elizabeth Hall in 1608. Elizabeth had no children of her own. Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith married Thomas Quiney, a tavern owner and reputed rake given to pre-marital and extramarital affairs and the fathering of illegitimate children. They had three legitimate sons, all of whom died young. A) William Shakespeare's family lineage

came to an end two generations after his death

B) Shakespeare wanted his daughters to read poetry

C) There are indications that a close friendship developed between John Hall and shakespeare

D) In examining Shakespeare's life, three broad points should be kept in mind from the start

E) Shakespeare had two daughters whose marriages did not last long

2- Some experts searched various legal and illegal drugs.......... — Cannabis was the only drug put in the least dangerous category. In the most dangerous category, they included alcohol, heroin and other opiates, and cocaine. In the middle category they placed stimulants such as amphetamines and hallucinogens. A) What they did has no scientific value B) They found that some drugs have a degree

of dangerousness C) Out of this study, it became clear that all

intoxicants should be banned D) They then grouped the substances into

three categories of dangerousness E) In fact intended to reveal how hazardous

alcohol was

3- ................ Though they don't believe that God exists, they're not sure that God doesn't exist, either. It's estimated that 1 billion people worldwide are agnostic. The original meaning of agnostic isn't the same as the popular meaning outlined above. An agnostic in the orig inal sense of the word is a person who thinks that we can't ever know about anything other than the material world, and therefore the question as to whether God exists or not is one that can never be answered.

A) Spiritual well-being is far from those having no belief in a creator

B) Agnostics are people who doubt God's existence

C) The number of agnostics given here is not accurate

D) Satanists are described as rebels against God

E) Gnostics and agnostics differ a lot

4- Speculation and rumors about the cause of the blaze of the building of the National Archives and Records Administration ran rampant.......... Employees were keenly questioned about their smoking habits. Others believed the fire started among shavings in the carpenter shop or was the result of spontaneous combustion.

A) While a crowd of ten thousand watched, they poured twenty streams of water into the building

B) Some newspapers claimed, and many suspected, it was caused by a cigarette or a lighted match

C) The fire did not go above the basement, seemingly thanks to a fireproofed floor

D) Although the basement vault was considered fireproof and watertight, water seeped through a broken wired-glass panel in the door and under the floor

E) Nobody was hopeful that some of the archives would be saved

5- ........... , evolving from its earliest definitions as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation, to the widely accepted definition by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in the 1940s: "Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Rene Dubos later clarified the WHO definition of health by stating, "Health is a quality of life, involving social, emotional, mental, spiritual and biological fitness on the part of the individual, which results from adaptations to environment."

A) Healthy individuals live in an excellent harmony with other people

B) Changes of living standards of humans have always been observed

C) World Health Organisation has given several definitions to the term health

DJ Man has found it extremely hard to adapt himself to environment E)

Definitions of the term health have changed dramatically over the years


6- .......... They start life as caterpillars, feeding on leaves or other parts of plants. The adults have long, tubular mouthparts and feed on sugary liquids, such as the nectar from flowers. The adult's wings and body are covered with microscopic scales, which are often brilliantly colored. A) One of the biggest groups of insects is

made up of moths and butterflies B) Leaves provide a good source of food for a

large number of species C) Butterflies and moths are mostly found in

the Tropics D) Caterpillars are camouflaged to avoid

dangers E) Nectar is sugary liquid produced by

animal-pollinated flowers

7- The improvement of land and air transportation has made previously inaccessible mountain habitats easy to reach and exploit for natural resources, such as timber and minerals .............. The removal of vegetation from the mountainsides by native peoples and loggers alike has led to erosion of the thin mountain soils, and the depletion of the numbers of mountain species.

A) But climate should be favourable enough for certain species to grow abundantly

B) In the Andes, for example, more than half of the upland forests have been cut down

C) Moreover, timber industry has developed in such'areas

D) Consequently the number of the endangered species in those areas is decreasing

E) The Himalayas are a good example for mountains that are still changing.

8- ......... Most butterflies fly by day and have bright coloring, but" so do many moths. However, a butterfly almost always has club-shaped antennae, while a moth's antennae are usually feathered. Also, most butterflies rest with their wings upright, while most moths hold their wings flat.

A) Butterflies are quite a delight to the eye

B) Most butterflies and moths live in warm areas

C) It is not always easy to tell a butterfly from a moth

D) Both butterflies and moths have antennae

E) There are about 140,000 species of butterflies and moths worldwide

9- For Maria, the only way out of poverty, was to get enough money to buy a cow so that she could sell its milk ............ because she had nothing to offer as collateral and only a meager income doing housework. It was a stranger from Dhaka who finally helped her - a man named David Clerk, who has an unprecedented vision for changing the lives of poor women all over the world.

A) Needless to say, she couldn't get a loan from a traditional bank

B) Her neighbors were certainly not interested in helping such a woman

C) By working for longer hours she thought that she would achieve her aim

D) She is an efficient typist and is willing to be given a job of this kind

E) Many people were eager to help her avoid those terrible conditions

10- .............In the 1940s and '50s, radio brought the music of the outside world to much of Africa for the first time. In the 1970s, audiocassettes made it possible for Third World musicians to disseminate their own music quickly, cheaply and profitably. Acts like the Congo's Papa Wemba became continent-wide superstars.

A) Bob Marfey, the great Jamaican reggae star, once posed the question "Won't you help me to sing these songs of freedom?"

B) Centuries of customs have changed in just decades

C) Many top-globl music performers are then children of musical pioneers

D) The quest for change in music has always been a family affair

E) New generation is lucky thanks to the progress in techology

PARAGRAPH COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1- ............, in later years, he was attracted to bullfighting in Spain and lion hunting in Africa. His observations provided background for some of his works, in which he described man's courage in facing strong physical forces. In 1954, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

A) A Farewell to Arms and the Sun Also Rises are two of Hemingway's best novels

B) Hemingway is one of American's most popular writers

C) As a boy, Hemingway spent much time hunting, fishing and exploring in the wild country of northern Michigan

D) Hemingway's short stories give us an insight into the minds of his characters

E) In his short story "A Day's Wait," Hemingway shows the feelings of a boy who told he was going to die

2- I passed all the other courses that I took at my university, but I could never pass botany ........... This used to make my instructor very angry. He would wander around the laboratory and be placed with the work of all the other students. Then he would come to me. 1 would just be standing there, doing nothing.

A) I always made sure that the microscope was placed on the table properly

B) In fact, this was course I enjoyed enormously

C) I was very much interested in the study of structure of flower cells

D) However, other students were very good at drawing pictures of plant cells in their notebooks

E) This was because I could never see through the microscope

3- Let me begin with the question:" Who is a true book owner?" Actually, there are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers, unread and untouched. The second has a great many books, but few have been read, and most are as clean and shiny as the day were bought. The third may have few books or many books, but every one is worn, marked and written in all the way through...............

A) There are two ways in which one can own a book

B) This last person really owns his books C) Most of the world's great books are

available at reasonable prices D) Reading a book used to be a

conversation between the reader and author

E) It takes more time and effort to read a great book than it does a newspaper

4- The art historian Sir Herbert Read was born in 1893 in Yorkshire in England. He was the son of a farmer................He joined the army and served as an officer in France and Belgium. After the war, he held various posts in the government, Later on, he became the director of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London specialized in ceramics.

A) He gained various medals for courage and bravery at war

B) He was student at the university of Leeds when World War I broke out

C) His publications are mostly in the field of art and literature

D) As a professor of art he had lectured at various universities in Britain and the United States

E) His book The Meaning of Art was published several times as it was very popular

5- A scientist called Flynn has learned to predict quite accurately when one special volcano, the Pacaya, will erupt............ ? Because no two are alike. Each volcano as to be studied separately so that its warning signals can be recognized.

A) Why is Flynn only studying active volcanoes

B) Just where is the Pacaya volcano situated C) When did Flynn first become interested in

volcanic activities D) Why can't he predict when any volcano

will erupt E) How many times has he correctly

predicted the eruption of these volcano


6- When one is not looking for a job, it seems that there are a great many jobs being advertised ............ They want someone older someone younger. They want special qualifications. They want experience.

A) Some people like to change their job every two or three years bur this is not advisable

B) Naturally the salary is important; in fact for some people, it is the most important consideration.

C) But when one comes to look at these advertisements one rarely finds anything suitable

D) Some people were only interested in the working hours

E) Most us don't want to work more than eight hours a day

7- If cigarette advertising could be banned from TV, so should commercials for the drug called alcohol. Cigarette smokers, after all, usually kill only themselves with their habit.............. One should therefore remind oneself that, when one drinks, one is entering the company of killers.

A) Yet, drunks get behind the wheels of their cars and kill other people

B) We leave in a culture that certifies alcohol as an acceptable drunk

C) In 85% of these accidents at least one of the drivers had been drinking

D) Excessive drinking is disgusting and harmful

E) Every year an increasing number of people die in traffic accidents caused by alcohol

9- Familiar terms such as "work", "energy" and "force" are often used in a very particular and distinct manner in physics. .............. For instance, for the physicist, the word "force" is used in four different ways. These forces are responsible for all the phenomena we observe.

A) We think of a force generally as a push or a pull

B) It is important to understand their special meanings when they are used scientifically

C) 'Work" is another term which also has a restricted technical meaning in science

D) One of the fundamental forces in nature is the electromagnetic force

E) The English physicist Newton is remembered for his investigations into the forces of nature

8- When I was boy at school, a question that was frequently asked was "What is the use of history?" ........... When it came to the use of science, however, then there was no doubt about its usefulness. Many of us hoped to be chemists or physicists or engineers.

A) History, more than other subjects has to be well taught at school

B) History teaches us aout different civilizations in the world

C) This question is no longer important among school children

D) And nobody seemed to have any answer at all

E) Actually I once seriously considered becoming a historian

10- Flooding is an environmental disaster that may have substantial and long-lasting chemical effects. There are many possible sources of chemical contamination during and after a flood ............ Chemicals released into the environment may have a variety of adverse ecological effects. These effects can be long-term or short-term in the normal functioning of the ecosystem.

A) These include dumping grounds, chemical works, warehouses, and petrol stations

B) It results in economic losses that might affect the whole country

C) Every chemical substance that affects the environment affects the human beings, too

D) Fortunately, there is no possibility that any radioactive materials have been released

E) There are two main causes of such hazards: biological and chemical


11- Calcium is an important mineral. It is crucial for the carrying of messages along the nerves. It is essential for healthy bones and teeth. Yet, few of us get as much as we need...

A) Calcium deficiency can lead to various problems

B) Milk and milk products are especially rich in calcium

C) In fact, most of us get only one third of the amount necessary for good health

D) On the other hand, most parents are unaware of how much calcium their children need

E) The taking of calcium pills is not always recommended

12- Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Young children and older adults are the most regular consumers of breakfast. ..........However, especially among young people, before they reach adulthood, breakfast consumption decreases, and they give as reasons lack of time or not wanting to eat so easily.

A) The type of breakfast preferred varies from • country to country

B) Missing breakfast can affect a child's ability to manage complex information

C) Popular breakfasts nowadays include cereals, toast and fruit juice

D) Tests to see whether eating breakfast increases a child's IQ remain controversial

E) Studies show that over 90% of them have breakfast every day

13- Poetry is as universal as language and almost as ancient. In all ages, and in all countries, poetry has been written, eagerly read and listened to by all kinds and conditions of people ........... But this is not the whole answer. It has also been regarded as something central to each man's existence.

A) There is no distinction between poetry and other imaginative literature

B) Why? Because it has given them pleasure C) Literature exists to communicate

significant experiences D) The proper reading of poetry demands a

high level of attention E) There is no real distinction between the

practical use of language and the poetic one

14- Most of us feel that too much money is being spent on advertising. We see advertisements as we walk down the street, we see them in newspapers and magazines and on television............ Perhaps it would, but manufacturers know that it is vital to keep the name of a product fresh in the public eye; otherwise, sales fall.

A) Advertising costs a lot, so we wonder if it wouldn't be better to spend this money in other ways

B) Some advertisements are quite amusing and really please us

C) Personally, I find a lot of advertisements really annoying

D) Advertising has become an art, and a lot of money is to made in the field of advertising

E) Children are often gradually influenced by the advertisements they see on television

15- At seven in the morning on April 12th 1981, the first space shuttle "Columbia" left Earth. It flew up into space at a speed of 28,000 kilometres an hour ........ They had a lot to do while they were in space. They took photographs and sent pictures back to Earth. They also tested Columbia's controls.

A) This was one of the best designed space shuttle put into space

B) This is what science fiction had imagined C) At such a speed the shuttle might easily

have blown up D) There were two astronauts inside, John

Young and Robert Crippen E) Following its explorations in space, the

shuttle returned safely to Earth


16- When we talk about the shared customs of a society, we are referring to a "culture". However, not all things shared generally by a population are cultural. For example, the typical hair colour of a population is not cultural because it is genetically determined.

A) Culture has nothing to do with playing the piano or reading poetry

B) Culture refers to all these aspects of life C) What and how human beings eat is learned

and varies from culture to culture D) Every society has a culture, no matter how

simple this culture is E) For something to be considered cultural, it

must be learned as well as shared

17- In the USA. fish is not a particularly popular food.......... There is, for instance, the canning industry; sardines and tuna in particular are canned both for home consumption and for export. Moreover, fertilizers are often fish-based, and these make up another important industry.

A) In recent years, fish has been gaining in popularity in most countries

B) In the popular mind, it is the hamburger that is associated with American eating habits

, C) Nevertheless, about 130,000 people are directly engaged in the fishing industry

D) it is common knowledge now that too many fish are being taken out of the seas

E) Pollution has also been responsible for the deaths of a lot of fish

18- This children's programme on the television is presented by Jeremy. He is one of the liveliest of the new television presenters. ............He tells us who invented them and how. On the list this week are the safety pin, the can opener and the match.

A) He usually shows films on wildlife

B) Each week, he talks about various small but important inventions

C) His programmes are very good but far too many are only suitable for very young children

D) He thinks that it is bad for the eyes to watch too much television

E) He is very popular with children

19- English is spoken by over a billion people around the world: in other words, by more than a quarter of the world's population. It is the mother tongue in the UK, in Australia and New Zealand, and, of course, for the vast majority people in North America. It is studied as a foreign language all over the world but particularly in Europe ............. Have you ever thought about how the language spoken by the population of a small island should have become so widespread?

A) There is actually a strong French influence on the English language

B) Indeed, one of the Germanic tribes -the Angles -gave their name to the language that was to become English

C) One big difference between the English of England and the English of America is the accent

D) It is also the language of shipping and aviation, of science, technology and commerce

E) English is still changing fast, and there are many local varieties

20- In recent years, the amount of advertising on television has increased dramatically. Many people think that advertisements should be banned because they interrupt their enjoyment of the programmes ........... Without advertising, commercial television companies would have to close down. In addition to this, advertisements increase our knowledge, and this enables us to make better choices as consumers.

A) Actually, a lot of people find television advertisements quite entertaining

B) Since they are expensive, advertisements increase the cost of the products

C) Advertising gives consumers freedom of choice

D) It seems that countries which do not have advertising produce goods which are expensive and of poor quality

E) However, it must be remembered that TV companies rely on the income from commercials to pay for their programmes


21- ..................This is not true. Of course you are always free to create your own programmes. But most people who use computers buy standard programmes. Some get special programmes prepared for them by professionals. Then all that they have to do is to load the programme into the computer memory.

A) It seems that there is hardly a work place now that is not computerized

B) The computer has developed fast over the last few decades

C) Computers now play a vital part in scientific research

D) People often think that if you use a computer, you must 'programme' it yourself

E) Some scientists use computers to make detailed models of complex systems

23- All living things are composed of cells which have a basic similarity of structure. .........,.. In fact, man also does. Actually, some living things remain as single cells for as long as they live.

A) The cellular life processes are controlled by code molecules

B) In each cell there are molecules C) Code molecules are responsible for the

growth and development of every living organism

D) Most plants and animals begin life as a single cell

E) A number of new discoveries have been related to celts

22- Paper is not a new invention ............ Much later, during the Middle Ages, it was brought to Europe by the Arabs. Then its use spread to America and to every land where people needed something to write on. The use of paper was further increased with the spread-of reading and writing.

A) Actually, it has a long history B) It would take a long time to list all paper

products C) It was first produced in China in about

105 AD D) For a long time, paper was made by hand E) The word 'paper' comes from the word

'papyrus' which was used by the ancient Egyptians as we use paper

24- From the beginning, my little daughter always wanted to play with dolls; nothing else interested her.............. Usually she would play with them, but only out of politeness. She always fitted in with other children. But she found no pleasure In guns or, indeed, in anything boyish.

A) Some little girls, however, are not so interested in dolls

B) Other children occasionally wanted her to play with toy guns when she went to play in their houses

C) Boys, on the whole, want guns and like to play war games

D) Her mother was delighted; she didn't want any war toys in the house

E) She also spent a lot of time drawing

Sentence

COMPLETION

SENTENCE COMPLETION TEST-1-

1- ............ with all they have learned to enable her to live a happier life.

A) Betty's colleagues were competing with each other to help her

B) Her parents promise her that they will do their absolute best to provide her

C) Her friends are reluctant to share the same opportunities with Nancy

D) Eventually, the doctors were able to find a remedy to treat her

E) In her new surroundings, she is pleased with everything, but lack of friends

4- Kevin Mitnick, the world's greatest hacker, has already been imprisoned for more than four years ............

A) who is asked to work for the Federal Bureau of Investigation

B) when it was found out that he had broken in to the computer systems of multinational corporations

C) nevertheless , he was not able to present any evidence to prove that he was innocent

D) before his case has even been heard E) but the jury had found him guilty of

violating the law

2- We were utterly astonished

A) why euro has been accepted as single currency in the twelve European countries

B) to hear that our team is most likely to be beaten by the opposing team

C) the fact that the boss admits to give us two days off

D) when the news of her father's death has arrived

E) how my brother was able to adjust himself to the new working conditions

5-.............whose achievements have laid the foundations of our present-day world.

A) The book I am reading now brings alive the ideas, events, and people of earlier cultures

B) Have you ever thought about C) It was kept a mystery who would be

given that crucial task D) The institutes during the Ottoman

Empire did win a distinguished place in the society

E) The Ministry of Culture is determined to send those three children to the competition

3- .......... who donated most of his wealth to our charity club.

A) His sole wish was to get rid of his deadly illness

B) The newspaper promised that it would advertise the names of the companies

C) People were full of admiration for the man

D) Since they were in need of so much money

E) After being informed about the purpose of our club

6- Having found hardly any evidence that implicates him,...........

A) the court decided in favour of his acquittal

B) the defendant will probably be sentence to more than twenty in prison

C) the judge is certain that no other man could have committed such an offence

D) the relatives of the criminal decided to seek another lawsuit against him

E) the jury's verdict shows that he is guilty


7- ............... that the idea the accountant had proposed about improving the financial situation of the company was worthy of being considered.

A) So complex was the matter they were discussing

B) Once more, the committe have reached a solution

C) Since the start of the year, their sales are at such a satisfactory rate

D) Before making any investment they should be aware of the fact

E) The board members of the company were all unanimous

10- ............. , they initiated a world-wide campaign against the terrorists.

A) In response to the attacks made against them

B) Since they cannot stand this kind of blood- shed

C) The last stage of the war was not as easy as they had expected

D) When they rejected that massive help offer of another world power

E) Since President has not been able to fulfil his promise about arresting the alleged criminals

When it turned out that the treasurer was wrongly blamed for the deficit in the budget,..............

A) the boss has already gone to the court B) the firm did not know that such a man

would betray them in this way C) the manager had to apologise to him D) it's been too late as he is decided to

• stop working there any longer E) his colleagues are still suspicous of him

11- Although he is one of the most popular authors all over the world, ..........

A) he didn't accept any reward B) Mark Twain was known for criticising

other novelists severely C) his new book has sold quite well D) he is unfailingly modest about his

achievements E) but the people in his own country don't

know his so well

9- The statesman stated plainly

A) the alarming deficit in the budget has accumulated particularly in the last six months

B) how did they distribute the aid to the hunger-stricken people

C) in which ways have some banks in the country been robbed

D) that the government tried its best to stabilise the economy of the country

E) why wasn't the government able to survive

12- Maria was a brilliant writer of great promise.............

A) so I've decided to purchase her book B) who was killed at the age of twenty-

seven in a flying disaster C) that has been famous throughout the

world D) but she didn't stick to her word E) and I am sure her new book will be one

of the best-sellers


1- Not having had any experience in a job like that before, ............

A) the company refused his application without taking into account his degree in his career

B) salesmanship proved to be truly difficult for her

C) Martin is proficient enough in his new job

DJ she is happy that she gets on well with her manager E) he hesitated about

whether he should accept the company's job offer

4- Being on the brink of bankruptcy,

A) the rival companies were afraid that they might suffer from the same economic crisis too

B) money was greatly needed to make new investments

C) our firm has decided to lay half of its employees off

D) the manager came up with new ideas at the board meeting last Friday

E) the number of jobless people is probably shrinking thanks to the efforts of the government

2- Of the 440 million people globally who have access to televised games,..........

A) more than one-third are in the Asia- Pacific region.

B) enjoy themselves watching their favourite teams

C) most of them hated watching matches on cable channel

D) some were lucky to be able to watch them live

E) but most of them are wealthy people

5- .........,which made me enormously pleased.

A) Mary took part in our club enthusiastically

B) My father lost his job again More than fifty passengers died in the flying disaster I would have been so happy to have gone with them My mother forgot to buy those toys

3- ....... , so particularly the number of loss of life of women and children was incredible.

A) The arduous efforts to alleviate hunger in the region bore fruit

B) The United Nations are indifferent to the clashes among those two nations

C) The snipers fired indiscriminately at the people in the area

D) Death rate, due to lack of medicine and sanitary conditions

E) The delay in dispatching relief to the hunger-stricken people

6- The chance for his survival seemed so faint...........

A) as his physician has told us B) that he was deceived by the

compliments of his team members C) on account of the fact that his wound

was bleeding profusely D) because we were able to hurry him into

hospital in time E) when doctors have decided that he

might undergo an operation

C)

D)

E)


7- ........ even after the band broke up.

A) Their last album has sold well B) The number of their admirers declined

noticeably C) One of them is determined not to return

to music D) She has purchased all of their albums E) All the members of the Beatles

remained famous

10- It is not entirely clear

A) why the board reached a decision that they had better not invest in that kind of industry

B) how could the government send help to our countries while its people are in such a poverty

C) as if they were familiar with me D) since it's obvious that they are

determined not to join them again E) when will the match be played on

account of heavy snow

8- As it could find hardly any evidence that implicates him, ..........

A) the police have found his seven accomplices

B) the court decided in favour of his acquittal

C) nobody believed that he was really innocent

D) the judge has decided to adjourn the case

E) he was sentenced to eight years in prison

11- Despite the fact that he made a very important discovery in the field of medicine,.............

A) his opponents couldn't help showering honor on him

B) the Nobel Prize for medicine should have been given him

C) he's concerned that it may be used by dishonest physicians

D) he was not praised so much as he deserved

E) almost none of his colleagues have congratulated him

9- Upon learning that it was necessary for her to have an operation on her leg, .....

A) her parents were dissatisfied with the medical of that hospital

B) the doctor had difficulty telling her how compulsory the surgery was

C) Amy's relatives tried their best to comfort her

D) Linda passed out immediately E) her friends persuaded her to engage in

regular exercise

12- The fact their father hadn't mentioned the exact amount of money each of them would inherit before his death...........

A) could help them overcome their financial difficulties

B) left them in a state of confusion and discord

C) may be simply because he doesn't want to create a family feud

D) doesn't mean that he wants them to be in conflict

E) they made up their minds to equally share the heritage


1- Thousands of restaurants serving exotic Thai cuisine have sprung up all over the world................

A) what is more, they are delicately flavored with herbs, spices and curries

B) the moment it was announced that foods especially in Thailand are good for health

C) in response to the demand for such dishes as hot and spicy prawn soup and coconut milk soup with chicken

D) on account of the poor Thai cuisine E) in comparison to Chinese cuisine, it is

also superior

4- The public says that if the current president runs for re-election, . . . .

a vast number of people have been pleased with his administration he woud, with no doubt, lose by a considerable margin they are unlikely to vote for him the failure of" the previous one has not

discouraged him a more vigorous election campaign should have been conducted

2- Disregarding the objections of the people in the area, ............

A) the authorities went on digging for mineral deposits

B) a huge crowd of people walked in the streets chanting slogans against the administration

C) the new mayor emphasizes that the importance of unity

D) they were opposed to the policy the government advocated

E) almost all of the demonstrators were detained

5- ...........after the government said it could not guarantee his safety.

A) Renowned pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim had to call off his concert

B) Another war is very likely to break out C) The number of those supporting the

former president has increased substantially

D) The country would have been suffering from very serious economic crisis

E) For fear that it might not defend itself against the opposition

3- Kylie Minogue's latest album Fever is predicted to reach number three in the US album chart............. , .

A) no matter how many copies were sold on the black market

B) despite her excellent performance C) when the week's final sales figures are

released D) that was announced two days ago E) but it would have been a dream for her

to on the top of the list

6- Not counting weddings and funerals, 38 percent of Americans say...........

A) what are they particularly interested in B) how often does the public attend

conferences C) they go to religious services at least

once a week D) whether will the new administration

respond promptly to their needs E) entertainment opportunities were

beyond their reach

E)

A)

B)

C)


7- A police officer says that Martin was shot in the clashes between police and demonstrators, but ...........

A) whether he was involved in the uprising is unclear

B) both sides are unwilling to bring an end to this fight

C) how did the riot begin is still a mystery D) when will the emergeny service reach

there is unknown E) most of them have been detained by

the security forces

10- Of the great athletes born in the east,

A) that incredible runners are found there is indisputable

B) professor Lambert is carrying out a research on Kalenjin people

C) he wondered why winners always come from the same region

D) it is the Kenyans whose record is outstanding

E) compared with the ones born in the west

8- ..............which affect a ll of our daily lives.

A) The wave of cold weather is said to approach our country

B) Scenes of violence on TV should not be allowed

C) The current administration is supposed to be brought down next month

D) Racial and religious discrimination are important issues

E) The standard of living has deteriorated for the last eleven months

11- Having been informed that the copyrights of their books are violated,

A) the readers are asked not to purchase books from pirates

B) several publishers asked the police to start an extensive search

C) the court decided that not only the pirates but those who support the them would be tried as well

D) most of the authors of the same publisher were satisfied with the increasing sale rates of their works

E) tracking down the pirates would not be so easy

9- Lunching with a friend of mine in a fast- food restaurant, .........

A) the waitress annoyed me so much B) there were not good dishes on the

menu C) my friend liked the meals a lot D) his phone did always ring and

disturbed the people there E) I saw one of my old friends at the next

table

12- ......... since the economic slump began.

A) My parents used to provid me with everything I needed

B) The workers will be required to work more vigorously

C) Even well-managed and profitable companies have been reducing the number of their employees

D) In order to cut down the extravagant spending, the firm is gathering this afternoon

E) Practically no company had announced job losses


1- The parents were a bit hesitant

A) why they won't be able to afford the college fee of their son

B) how would they move their flat in this time of the year

C) who they ask to look after their baby while they are on vacation

D) what they will say to their children about the fact that they both lost their jobs

E) about whether their daughter would be successful in her education abroad

4- My friend, an economist, set forth the reason..........

A) whether our country can get out of this economic crisis

B) what caused the recent increase in inflation

C) for we have asked him about what kind of economic measures we should take

D) why no government would allow their airlines to go bankrupt

E) how did our economy begin to collapse

2- ........ unless the government had contributed generously.

A) Those companies might most probably not have lost their employees

B) Our team had eventually got out of that serious financial situation

C) Most of those airlines would have certainly gone bankrupt

D) A large number of industries will have been pushed to the brink of insolvency

E) The closure of some industries will never become possible

5- ...........has a great role in determining one's character.

A) Since your personality is higly afftected by the people around

B) Contrary to common belief that humans can be cloned

C) Only if parents are ready to devote themselves to the upbringing of their child

D) Where was one brought up E) The era in which one lives

3- The doctor supplied us with invaluable information about ..........

A) how one could lose their excess weight in a short period of time

B) how should parents bring up their children well

C) whether do parents have to rebuke their children sometimes

D) when has the disease of my father started

E) how did their hospital become so much popular

6- ..........since its release on 26 February.

A) This album has sold more than half a million copies in the US

B) His new novel is eagerly expected by a large number of readers

C) The police are going to keep track of criminal

D) How has her new book sold so well in such a short time

E) The court will announce its verdict next week

SENTENCE COMPLETION EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1. - 18. sorularda verilen ciimleyi anlamca tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

1- I still haven't had a chance to thank the nurse

A) until the child was well enough to go home B) why she visited us every day for a week C) who looked after my mother so well in hospital D) whose carelessness would make recovery slow E) whether any more treatment was necessary

2- Our neighbour has promised to look after the cat

A) until we left for Antalya last week B) while we are away on holiday this June C) whose kittens still weren't able to look after themselves D) even if she preferred dogs to cats E) however much cat food we leave with her

3- In many advertisements for jobs you have noticed

A) all the best jobs have been given to young people B) how many people had been out of work since the beginning of the century C) if you are also highly qualified you are sure to be offered good employment D) the salary is rarely stated even during the interview E) that one of the requirements is a good knowledge of a foreign language

4- .......... how long it would take us to walk to the centre of town.

A) Contrary to what we all expected B) No one has ever attempted C) Our parents are exceedingly upset D) He simply wanted to know E) The decision was final

5- ........ because students go in then at half price.

A) The museum is always crowded on Thursdays B) The paintings will be on exhibition for two weeks C) All the tickets had been sold at least a week before the concert took place D) The spectators are expected to applaud generously E) The gates used to be closed at sunset


6- As soon as we got back home

A) I realize I have forgotten to buy the bread B) I had expected my mother to arrive C) I had to start getting the evening meal ready D) the telephone was already ringing. E) my sister will get the tea ready for us

7- Surely that's the boy

A) that his sister won the painting competition B) who sang so beautifully at the concert last night C) unless she sent us the heavy box D) whether his bicycle has been repaired E) which everyone is talking about

8- He simply wanted to know

A) whether I had been to see Jane B) how far away we are moving C) which team has won D) as if all the buses went past the town hall E) though everyone else had already eaten

9- .......... , there is enough food and water for everyone.

A) If they had used their resources properly B) Though nature would have been spoiled C) Unless we take care of our green fields D) If we learned to respect the environment E) Provided that they are used well

10- Since the bus broke down just outside Bursa,

A) there wouldn't be another bus for an hour B) there was still snow by the side of the road C) we were late for our appointment in Ankara D) it was particularly cold that night E) some people would even blame the driver


11- .......... unless you are interested in psychology.

A) He's thinking of going to a psychiatrist B) This is the book you have suggested C) You could solve your problems D) There is no point in reading that book E) This book will be very useful for you

12- .......... why she was looking so upset.

A) There is nothing to be ashamed of B) I really didn't know C) We are all extremely worried D) There wasn't an explanation E) Nobody had understood

13- As there is a complete standardisatton of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain,

A) the first restaurant to be opened in Britain was in 1974 B) they were already doing business in 52 countries in the world C) the company was by then opening a new restaurant at the rate of one per day D) every French fry and every burger tastes exactly the same as every other E) yet another one was opened in Moscow in 1990

14- ....... , who really established and developed the thriller style in films.

A) The cartoon is another popular type of film, especially among children B) Strong film industries began to emerge in other countries C) Contemporary issues such as violence and poverty will attract the attention of many film

directors D) Star Wars is perhaps his best film E) It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock

15- As the daily temperature change on the planet Mercury is extreme,,

A) its rocky surface cracks, producing cliffs and canyons B) there hasn't been sufficient atmosphere to hold the heat C) the explorations carried out so far would have been very costly D) the craters in its surface were formed by rocks from outer space E) there was no evidence to suggest that this was due to volcanic activity


ll- .. . . . . . . unless you are interested in psychology.

A) He's thinking of going to a psychiatrist B) This is the book you have suggested C) You could solve your problems D) There is no point in reading that book E) This book will be very useful for you

12- . . . . . . . .why she was looking so upset.

A) There is nothing to be ashamed of B) I really didn't know C) We are all extremely worried D) There wasn't an explanation E) Nobody had understood

13- As there is a complete standardisation of every product in this fast-food restaurant chain,

A) the first restaurant to be opened in Britain was in 1974 B) they were already doing business in 52 countries in the world C) the company was by then opening a new restaurant at the rate of one per day D) every French fry and every burger tastes exactly the same as every other E) yet another one was opened in Moscow in 1990

14- . . . . . . , who really established and developed the thriller style in films.

A) The cartoon is another popular type of film, especially among children B) Strong film industries began to emerge in other countries C) Contemporary issues such as violence and poverty will attract the attention of many film

directors D) Star Wars is perhaps his best film E) It was the film director Alfred Hitchcock

15- As the daily temperature change on the planet Mercury is extreme,.

A) its rocky surface cr acks, producing cliffs and canyons B) there hasn't been sufficient atmosphere to hold the heat C) the explorations carried out so far would have been very costly D) the craters in its surface were formed by rocks from outer space E) there was no evidence to suggest that this was due to volcanic activity


16- The manager promised to promote her

A) if she has proved far more efficient than any of the other employees B) that she has really deserved it C) as she had been working for the company for so many years D) unless there was a good reason for doing so E) until the company's annual budget is approved

17- I asked my little three-year-old niece .......

A) whether her mother has gone out who she B) who she was going to invite to her party C) that she liked going to the zoo D) why she has made her little brother cry E) what her mother is making for dinner

18- It's a good idea to walk everywhere

A) however far it must have seemed B) even though you were so tired C) whenever they went to the museum D) if you want to learn your way around the town E) since their house was on the outskirts of the town

CLOSEST MEANING TEST-1-

1- The Sugar Act caused alarm in the American colonies, partly because of the expected economic disadvantages.

A) What worried the American colonies was that the Sugar Act was partially disadvantageous.

B) Since some believed that it would bring some economic drawbacks about that the Sugar Act worried the American colonies.

C) It was somewhat due to the foreseen drawbacks that the Sugar Act startled the American colonies.

D) The expected economic disadvantages of the Sugar Act gave rise to violent opposition in the American colonies.

E) The Sugar Act was partially not advantageous, so it was expected to cause alarm in the American colonies

3- It's advisable to pay special attention to the first sentence of a paragraph as it's most likely to give the main idea.

A) The first sentence of a paragraph requires close attention in order that one could make out the main idea.

B) While you are reading a book, be careful not to misunderstand the plot of the story.

C) It's suggested that a good understanding of a reading material deserves special attention of the reader.

D) Since the first sentence of a paragraph most probably presents the main idea, the reader needn't read the rest of the paragraph.

E) It's considered beneficial to focus on the reading material so as to make out the general idea.

2- The deep seafloor is inhabited by an incredible diversity of animals. A) The deep seafloor is home to a large

number of animals.

B) No matter how high the deep-sea pressure is, there are some animals living there.

C) Without the constant pressure of deep seafloor, some animal won't be able to live.

D) A dazzling variety of animals thrive on the deep seafloor.

E) Certain animals could live only at a high pressure existing in the deep seafloor.

4- It made the doctors seriously worried when it took quite a long time for Matthew to come to his senses after the operation.

A) The doctors were so angry as Matthew didn't come to his senses in a short time.

B) What made the doctors extremely worried was that it took quite a long time for Matthew to become well even

' after the operation. C) Despite undergoing an operation,

Matthew's illness lasted for quite a long time, which made the doctors seriously worried.

D) The doctors were not sure whether or not the operation on Matthew was successful, so they became extremely worried.

E) Following his operation, a long time passed till Matthew regained consciousness, which made the doctors extremely worried.


5- Passengers who travel long distances are very likely to suffer from leg pain.

A) Travelling long distances may cause deadly illnesses

B) Leg pain will most probably trouble those who travel long distances.

C) Without stopping you can travel very long distances but the consequence will probably be fatal.

D) Long distances should not be covered without taking stops several times.

E) It's advisable to take comfortable means of transport so as not to suffer from leg pain.

7- How the engine of the car failed was beyond explanation.

A) The engine of the car disappointed us by becoming out of order.

B) Nobody can understand the reason why we've had problem with the engine of the car.

C) No I can see how important it's to have the car maintained regularly.

D) Nobody explained why the car broke down.

E) It was incomprehensible how the engine of the car broke down.

6- It's assumed to be true by the early 19th-century palaeontologists that dinosaurs lived in a world almost as strange as themselves.

A) Early 19th-century palaeontologists postulated that the world dinosaurs inhabited was no less strange than the creatures themselves.

B) Nearly all of the early 19th-century palaeontologists considered the world of the dinosaurs to have been as eccentric as themselves

C) Early 19th-century palaeontologists believed that the world that dinosaurs inhabited was more harsh than today's world

D) What early 19th-century palaeontologists put forward was that dinosaurs was able to survive in a very strange world

E) The remains of dinosaurs animals suggest that they inhabited a very strange world.

8- Without the aegis of its allies, the U.S. would have had no chance of winning the war against that country.

A) The fact that the U.S. gained victory should not be attributed to the support came from its allies.

B) The reason why the U.S. did not become successful in the war was that its allies refused to provide assistance.

C) On account of the fact that its allies provided assistance, it became possible for the U.S. to be victorious over that country.

D) It became possible for the U.S. to win the war against that country thanks to the massive support by the allied forces.

E) If the U.S. had accepted the ardent support of that country, it would most probably have been possible for it to be triumphant

CLOSE ST MEANING TEST-2-

1- Scientists no longer doubt that global warming is happening.

A) Today, scientists are sure that global warming is not happening.

B) According to the current conflicting data, some scientists do not accept that global warming is hap pening.

C) Now, scientists are certain that there is global warming.

D) Scientists claim that there is no need to worry about global warming.

E) The issue of global warming caused deep concern among scientists.

3- The court decided in favour of those who had complained that they were overtaxed by the GSM operators.

A) The GSM operators were found guilty of taxing their subscribers too heavily, so the court demanded compensation.

B) The court's decision justified the complaints of those who were made to pay too much tax by the GSM operators.

C) Why the court imposed a fine on the GSM operators was that they made their subscribers pay too much tax.

D) After hearing the claims of those who were suffering from paying too much tax, the court wanted to hear the defendants.

E) Between the GSM operators and their subscribers is there a dispute to settled in court.

2- I doubt that this rough investigation will manage to reveal those responsible for the spread of the anthrax disease.

A) The authorities will be able to find those who caused the spread of the anthrax disease.

B) I am not sure this investigation will have any success of finding those responsible for the spread of the anthrax disease as it is not comprehensive.

C) In my opinion, the anthrax disease will be eradicated thanks to the vigorous efforts of authorities.

D) A very exhaustive investigation that will undoubtedly reveal those responsible for the spread of the anthrax disease is under way,

E) 1 believe the anthrax disease will have claimed a large number of people by the time authorities have found those responsible for its spread.

4- The boss decided firmly to renew the current means of communication, owing to the fact that they do not respond to the needs of the company.

A) At last, the boss has accepted that the company is in a great difficulty due to the out-of-date means of communication.

B) What made the boss refuse to purchase new means of communication for the company was that he was not absolutely convinced that they were out-of-date.

C) The means of communication the company is utilising now are not adequate to their needs, so the boss resolved that they should be modernised.

D) The firm is going to modernise all of the equipment since she wants to catch up with the current speed of communication.

E) Surely, the company was in dire need of modernising its means of communication; therefore, the boss promised he would tackle the problem immediately.


5- Unlike humans, calves are born with no disease resistance.

A) Calves come to the world with more power to fight disease than humans.

B) Humans are born with power to combat disease, but calves aren't.

C) Unfortunately, calves fall victim to disease soon after their birth.

D) Like humans, calves don't have power to fight disease at birth.

E) Humans are luckier than calves as they are born with disease resistance.

7- No other woman but Jane can cope with so many difficulties of looking after four children all alone.

A) Any woman can put up with such hardships of caring for four children.

B) I don't think that anybody can undergo such hardships as looking after four children all alone.

C) Jane is the sole woman to be able to tackle such a lot of hardships of caring for four children on her own.

D) There is no other woman that can deal with the problems of four children so professionally, but Jane.

E) Jane's ability of coping with the problems of her four children so successfully is truly astonishing.

6- The book I am reading at the moment could have been finished long ago if I had read it more avidly.

A) Now I am reading a book that should have been finished a long time ago.

B) If I had not been so unwilling in reading this book, I could have started another one,

C) Since I started reading this book, I have been reading very eagerly.

D) So that I can finish this book before the schedule, I must read it more often.

E) But for my unenthusiastic reading, it would have been possible for the book I am reading now to have been finished a long time ago.

8- Finally, it became clear that it was not the solution that would help our company avoid collapse.

A) Fortunately, the solution offered by the committee members became increasingly helpful to our company.

B) Had it not been for that wise solution, our company would not be in such good circumstances.

C) To my surprise, our company did everything it could, yet it could not come over the financial problems; as a result, we went bankrupt.

D) In the end. the solution that had been considered feasible for our company to avert bankruptcy turned out to be wrong.

E) Our company should have never tried that solution, which caused us to go bankrupt.


1- I firmly believe that writing activity can be made more enjoyable particularly by the teacher himself.

A) I am sure writing activity can be made the most popular activity for students only if the teacher himself likes teaching.

B) So as to enjoy writing activity, students should themselves learn writing techniques.

C) Teachers should improve their writing skill in order that they can help students like writing activity.

D) In order to enhance their writing skill, students should seek help from their teachers.

E) It is my definite conviction that especially the teacher himself should make effort in order for students to like writing activity.

3- Without diligent study, it would have been just a dream for her to have had a university degree.

A) She did graduate from her university with a good degree by studying diligently.

B) Thanks to her hard study she attained her aim of graduating from university.

C) If she had studied hard, she would have graduated from university.

D) She did not study diligently enough to have a university degree.

E) Her constant and careful study must have helped her have a university degree.

2- As you were aware of the fact that the oil of the car would not be sufficient for your whole journey, you should have filled the petrol tank beforehand.

A) You knew that the car would run out of oil halfway through your journey, so you should have filled it up in advance.

B) Because of your forgetful ness, you didn't fill the petrol tank of your car.

C) As there was enough petrol in the tank to complete our journey, we drove to our destination non-stop.

D) Why don't you fill up the petrol tank of your car and have a pleasant and uneventful journey.?

E) Because of your recklessness, you experienced such difficulties on your journey.

4- Jack and Bob were not even a bit disappointed at having failed their final exams since they had hardly studied.

A) Their failure in the final exams did not cause them to feel any disappointment because they had expected such a result.

B) Jack and Bob became disappointed when they failed in their final exams, for they had studied hard.

C) As their study had not been sufficient, . Jack and Bob expected poor results in their final exams.

D) As they had made almost no study, Jack and Bob were not frustrated by being unsuccessful in their final exams at all.

E) Jack and Bob were not a bit taken aback by the failure in the final exams because they had already known what the results would be like.


5- For a quarter century David Doubilet has delved into the ocean's surface to astonish us with illuminating images of this dark realm.

A) David Doubilet has been diving for a quarter century in order to take interesting photos of the ocean's surface.

B) David Doubilet's deep-sea search for twenty-five years has been aimed at disclosing the secret of the ocean's surface

C) David Doubilet has been full of overwhelming ambition to appeal to the imagination of people with the dazzling images for fifteen years.

D) We have been taken aback by the illuminating images of the ocean's surface thanks to David Doubilet.

E) We have been greatly fascinated by the dazzling pictures of the deep-sea thanks to David Doubilet's search in the oceans surface for twenty-five years.

7- There are so many handicaps that make our country's progress difficult that we need to struggle more perseveringly to overcome them.

A) On account of plenty of disadvantages that hinder the development of our country, we should put in greater effort to get over them.

B) Our country has been troubled by a number of problems for decades, so only with good citizens can it overcome them.

C) Progress is so far from our country as there is hardly anybody who is willing to work for the sake of it.

D) So many difficulties can be shouldered with the help of industrious people.

E) The handicaps that make our country's progress difficult can be removed thanks to sound-thinking citizens.

6- I was extremely taken aback when I learnt our team was so heavily defeated.

A) They hesitated to tell me the results of the match as they knew how angry I would be. BJ Upon learning that our

team lost by a wide margin, I became terribly shocked.

C) What surprised me most was that how our team was so heavily defeated.

D) The reason for my being so astonished was that I had not expected such a heavy defeat.

E) When I am informed that our team loses the match, I become extremely angry.

8- Every possible way was tried, but all was in vain.

A) They did their best to improve the situation, so they reached their aim.

B) There was a possibility of being successful.

C) I persevered to avoid that bad situation, but I couldn

D) There was no way left untried; nevertheless, no success was achieved.

E) Any method was tried; as a consequence, the result was immensely fruitful.

CLOSEST MEANING EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1. - 21. sorularda verilen ciimleye anlamca en yakm ciimleyi bulunuz.

1- The only team member to arrive late was the captain.

A) Other team members may arrive late, but not the captain. B) The captain is expected to arrive ahead of the other team members C) All the team members of the team were there on time except for the captain. D) The captain was not the only team member to arrive late. E) Among others the captain of the team got there late.

2- I won't get my bicycle repaired there again because they charged me far too much.

A) I wouldn't let them repair my bicycle if I had known how much they would charge. B) I'm sure there must be cheaper places that repair bicycles just as well. C) I should have asked them how much money they charged before I left my bicycle with them

to be repaired. D) It cost me so much to get my bicycle repaired there that I will never go back with again. E) Getting my bicycle repaired was very expensive, so I hope it won't need repairing again.

3- Our team played extremely well, but even so, we lost.

A) Our team played well but the other team played even better. B) Though our team won, the other side played extremely well. C) Our team deserved to win as we really played well. D) Though our team lost, the other team was really much worse. E) Our team didn't win, but nevertheless we played magnificently.

4- I have read nearly all of the Dickens's novels, and A Tale of Two Cities is my favourite.

A) In my opinion, A Tale of Two Cities is quite the best of all novels by Dickens. B) Of all the novels by Dickens that I have read, and that's most of them A Tale of Two Cities

remains my favourite. C) I've read a lot more novels by Dickens and still think A Tale of Two Cities is the best. D) I've really read a great many novels but haven't enjoyed any as much as Dickens's A Tale

of Two Cities. E) Of all these novels, A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens is certainly the one I enjoyed reading

most.


5- You realty most leave at once if you want to catch that train.

A) You'll miss that train unless you set off Jmmediately. B) So long as you leave soon you'll be in plenty of time for the train. C) The train is about to leave, so you ought to hurry up. D) You could have caught the train if you had left immediately. E) If you leave at once you might just manage to catch the train.

6- John finished his homework before I was even half-way through mine.

A) When John's homework was finished mine wasn't even half done. B) By the time John had finished his homework I had hardly begun mine. C) I did the half of the homework and then John finished it. D) When John's homework finished I started to do some of mine. E) John finished his homework quickly but I had twice as much to do.

7- On sunny days I always feel more cheerful and so, I think, do most people.

A) I've often noticed that on sunny days you see a lot more cheerful people. B) I can't understand why people feel more cheerful when the sun shines. C) Once the sun comes out I am sure we shall all start to look more cheerful. D) I suppose most people are like me and feel more cheerful when the sun shines. E) Like many people I become very happy as long as the sun shines brightly.

8- Sally made her own costume for the school play, but she was the only one to do so.

A) Sally was the only one who helped to make the costumes for the school play. B) Sally helped to make the costumes for the school play, but no one else did. C) Sally made the costume she wore in the school "play herself, but none of the others made - theirs : • • • '- :•- - -• -'-•• • • - ;'•-•: '- : • • • • • ' _ •

D) Except for Sally, no one helped to make the costumes for the school play E) It was only Sally who needed a special costume for the school play; none of the others did.


9- Most of the students had worked hard and so they did quite well in the examination.

A) Most students work hard before an examination and so do well. B) A majority of the students got good grades in the examination as they had prepared well for

it. C) The students who do best in an examination are the ones who work hardest. D) Quite a lot of the students did very well indeed in the examination. E) Almost all of the hardworking students got very high grades in the examination.

10- The last time I saw my cousin he was only five years old.

A) I haven't seen my cousin for five years. B) It's five years since I last saw my cousin C) The last time I saw my cousin was five years ago. D) I haven't seen my cousin since he was 5-year-old child E) I still haven't seen my cousin who is now five years old.

11- I used to play basketball several times a week while I was at university.

A) When I was a university student, it was my habit to play basketball a few times a week, but now I don't.

B) It was during my university years that I got used to playiffg basketball at least three times a week.

C) I don't play basketball now as often as I did when I was at university. D) During my university years, I started to play basketball two or three times a week, but I

don't any longer, E) It was when I was at university that I took up basketball and played several times a week

12- As there was a great deal of traffic on the roads, the journey took us longer than we had expected.

A) There was a lot of heavy traffic on the roads, so we had to go slowly. B) In spite of the heavy traffic, the journey took hardly any longer than we had expected. C) We were surprised at how long it took us to get there as there was so little traffic. D) The journey was over fairly quickly considering how much traffic there was. E) The journey turned out to be much longer than we'd foreseen, owing to the heavy traffic.


13- You knew I needed your help this weekend, so you shouldn't have promised to go out with your friends.

A) You'd promised to help me this weekend, so I don't see how you can agree to go off with your friends like that.

B) Why did you arrange to go out with your friends over the weekend while you said you would help me?

C) I suppose you've arranged to go off with your friends this weekend because you didn't want to help me though you had promised to!

D) It was not right for you to promise your friends that you'd go out with them this weekend since you knew I had to have some help from you.

E) When you agreed to go out with your friends this weekend, had you forgotten you'd promised to help me?

14- This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up.

A) The material is suitable for students who are over eighteen. B) The material may be suitable for students of this material. C) Students of eighteen years and over can use this material. D) Only 18-year-old students will find this material suitable. E) All students, whether under or over eighteen, can be given this material.

15- There is only one major difference between your plan and mine.

A) There is really only one way in which the two plans are different. B) Your scheme differs from mine in just one important respect. C) Actually, both of our plans are very similar except for one or two details. D) Your scheme hardly differs at all from mine. E) I have a plan that is different from yours in several ways.

16- I wanted to sit at a table near the window, but we couldn't find a free one.

A) If there had been an empty table near the window, I would have liked to have sat there. B) All the tables near the window were occupied, so we went somewhere else. C) We found one unoccupied table near the window and sat down there. D) I would have been so pleased if we could have found a free table that was not near the

window. E) I would have been surprised to have found any one of the tables near the window free.

17- I'd have worn the right shoes if I'd known we were going to do all this climbing.

A) I'd have gone on the climb if I'd been wearing the right shoes. B) I'd love to go climbing, but I don't have any shoes that would be suitable. C) As I didn't realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn't come in suitable shoes. D) I didn't realize that these shoes weren't right for climbing in. E) If only I'd been wearing suitable shoes I would have enjoyed the climb.


18- Everyone told me it was too cold to go swimming, but I didn't listen to them.

A) They all said it wasn't warm enough to go swimming, but I ignored them. B) Nobody thought it was warm enough to swim, but I did. C) I didn't think it was too cold to go swimming, but the others did. D) They all told me not to swim, but I thought it was warm enough. E) I didn't go swimming as everyone said it was far too cold.

19- It was nearly 8 o'clock when I arrived and they were still having dinner.

A) They had already started the evening meal when I arrived some time after 8 o'clock. B) I arrived shortly after 8 o'clock to find them still having dinner. C) Dinner was almost over at 8 o'clock when I finally got there. D) They were almost through their dinner when I got there at around 8 o'clock. E) When I got there at a few minutes to 8, they hadn't finished their evening meal.

20- I'm taking my bicycle into town to get it repaired.

A) Perhaps someone in town can mend my bicycle. B) I know of a place in town where they mend bicycles. C) My bicycle is in need of repair, so I can't go to town on it. D) I want someone to mend my bicycle, so I'm going into town with it. E) While I'm in town, I hope to get my bicycle repaired.

21- I'll be surprised if it gets any warmer, won't you?

A) I'm not expecting the weather to warm up, are you? B) I'm not expecting the warm spell to continue, are you? C) We can't expect it to continue as warm as this, can we? D) It wouldn't surprise me if the warm weather continues; would it surprise you? E) I'm surprised the warm weather is continuing, aren't you?

GAP-FILLING & MATCHING TEST-1-

A- Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Use the correct form of the verb.

evil influence epic masterpiece

1- J.R.R. Tolkien's literary(1) ........................The Lord of the Rings( 2 ] ......................... generations of readers worldwide and continues t o captivate new fans around the world. Now, New Line Cinema brings to cinematic life the (3)..........................adventure of good against ( 4 ) .........................., The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring, a heroic quest set in a time of uncertainty in the iand of Middle-earth.

B- Try to match the words in the first column with a meaning from the second.

1- influence 2- masterpiece 3- epic 4- evil

a. heroic b. have an effect on sb / sth c. morally bad; wicked d. an artist's greatest work


entertainment distinguish compose early

2- Probably<1}................................in 1595 or 1596, A Midsummer Night's Dream is one of Shakespeare's ( 2 )................................comedies, but can be (3).............................from his other works in this group by describing it specifically as the Bard's original wedding play. Most scholars believe that Shakespeare wrote A Midsummer Night's Dream as a light ................ to accompany a marriage. (4)


1- distinguish 2- entertainment 3- compose 4- accompany

a. create in music or writing b. show the difference between one person or thing c. occur with d. amusement; play



responsible greenhouse contribute release emission

3- What has changed in the last few hundred years is the additional 01..............................of carbon dioxide by human activities. Fossil fuels burned to run cars and trucks, heat homes and businesses, and power factories are (2).................................for about 98% of U.S. carbon dioxide !'............... , 24% of methane emissions, and 18% of nitrous oxide emissions. Increased agriculture, deforestation, landfills, industrial production, and mining also (4)..............................a significant share of emissions. In 1997, the United States emitted about one-fifth of total global(5)................................. gases.


1- contribute 2- responsible 3- emission 4- total 5- deforestation

a. sending out or giving off (light, fumes, gases, etc. b. help to cause sth. c. being the cause of sth. d. removing forests from (a place) e. complete, entire


commercial shape serve major

4- The "Silk Road," a 4000 mile-long network of interconnecting roads, or caravan tracts, *1J....................................from 500 BCto 1500 A.D. as the (2\ ^ ' ............... highway for transporting material goods and knowledge between Europe, the Near East, India, and China — the four major centers of civilization at the time. Over this period of almost 2000 years, exotic and .................goods, skills, knowledge, and religion — as well as silk — crisscrossed the Eurasian continent, and ( '.................. the course of European and Asian history and culture.


1- commercial 2- serve 3- major 4- shape

a, have a great influence upon sb. /sth. b, important; great c. of business practices and activities generally d. satisfy (a need or purpose); be suitable for



convey unique charmingly excitement contribute

1- Amin Maalouf is considered to be one of the remaining hopes of having scholars who can.................... to the masses by teaching them their history. He has a ................ way of' '..,...............information, however. In an environment full of ( '..................and magic, the reader becomes greedy in seeking knowledge as he is led by Maalouf's words in a ( ' ................ exceptional manner.


1- convey 2- unique 3- excitement 4- contribute 5- charmingly

a. state of strong feeling and emotion b. delightfully; pleasantly c. make (ideas, feelings, etc) known to another person d. being the only one of its type e. increase sth.; add to sth.


focus practice excpetional acquire scholar

2- Khayyam had his early studies in the school of Nisaabour, the

capital of Khurasaan. With an ' '.. ..............interest in * '................. knowledge, Khayyam, in addition to religion, studied philosophy and

(31 natural sciences. He also studied and l ' .................medicine.

(A) Moreover, in addition to being a v '..................in the fields of language (51

and history, Khayyam studied mathematics,v '..................on algebra, and successfully applied mathematical methods on astronomy.


1- acquire 2- practice 3- exceptional 4- scholar 5- focus

a. extraordinary; marvellous; outstanding b. work as a doctor or lawyer c. concentrate on sth. d. gain sth by one's own ability, efforts or behaviour e. person who studies an academic subject deeply



commit wide properly base likely reasonable

3- The police have very ( '................. powers to stop and search, but (2) that's not to say that they always use them v '................... If you're

(3) stopped, the officer must have v '................. belief that he will find something. A police officer cannot( '.................this belief on your colour, race, religion or knowing that you have ( '.................crime in the past. However, black people are five times more ' '.................to be stopped and searched than white people.


1-commit 2- reasonable 3- wide 4- properly 5- base 6- likely

a. probably; presumable b. appropriately; accurately c. do sth illegal, wrong or foolish d. logical; sensible e. extensive f. use sth as evidence for sth else


grounds discrimination unlawful amend

4- In the UK, the main law dealing with racial ' ................ is the Race /o\

Relations Act 1976, which was recently v '................. by the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000. European Union law {which the UK has also agreed to) includes a Race Directive which makes discrimination on ( ' ................ of racial or ethnic origin ( '............. in the following areas: employment, training, education, access to social security and health care, social advantages, access to goods and services, and housing.


1- grounds 2- discrimination 3- unlawful 4. amend

a. against the law; illegal b. make minor improvements in; change slightly c. reasons d. treating a person or group differently than others



introduce widespread transaction remaining abandon

1-Two months after it was ( 1 ). .................as a cash currency on 1 January 2002, the euro has finally become the sole legal tender in the 12 countries in the eurozone. France, Ireland, and the Netherlands (2)....................................their national currencies earlier thi s year, while the nine (3)....................................countries said farewell to their national notes and coins as midnight struck on Thursday. Euro notes and coins have already received (4)....................................acceptance by the 300 million citizens of the eurozone, with the vast bulk of ( 5 ).....................................taking place using the new notes and coins bv the end of the first week of January.


1- introduce 2- widespread 3- transaction 4- remaining 5- abandon

a. the rest of b. give up sth completely c. found or distributed over a large area d. bring sth into use or operation for the first time e. business; deal


decent in touch advice make ends meet spring up

2- M inisters are being told that if they want students to work their way through college they will have to do more to help them find (1) ................................. jobs. University job shops which have ( 2 ).................................in the past few years are reporting record business, with more and more students looking for work. At Edinburgh University, between about 50 to 100 students file into the job shop every day looking for jobs to help them (3)......................................The job shop - officially known as the student employment service - puts employers 14)..............................with students and also gives students ( 5 ) ................................. on work and their rights.


1-decent 2- in touch 3- advice 4- make ends meet 5- spring up

a. in communication b. opinion given about what to or how to behave c. appear, develop, grow, etc quickly or suddenly d. suitable e. earn enough money to live without getting into debt



develop receive traditio nal effective via

3- Scientists (1)...............................a measles vaccine that is administered (2)..............................an aerosol spray rather than a needle. Supporters believe the spray will be quicker, easier and more .............than the (4)................................. jab, with fewer side effects. It would also mean ch ildren would have a pain-free way of ( 5 )..................................the vaccine. Children would be given the vaccine by breathing through a mask for just 30 seconds.


1- receive 2- effective 3- traditional 4- via

a. by way of sth; through b. according to a tradition ; customary; established c. producing the intended results; useful; productive d. accept or take sth given


sense surv ey common regret

4- Most smokers ( 1 ) ...............................taking up the habit and say they would not do so if it was possible to get a second chance. A national (2> ................................. also found that once hooked, many smokers were over -optimistic about how easy it would be for them t o kick the habit. The survey of 893 smokers found that four out of five would not take up the habit if they had their time again. The [3) ...............................of regret was most (4> .................................among smokers aged 45 to 64.


1-sense 2- survey 3- common 4- regret

a. feel disappointment or repentance about sth sad or annoying b. usual or familiar c. consciousness of sth; awareness d. investigation



suicidal intend attempt estimate counselling

1- Children as young as six < 1 > ........................................... suicide because of abuse, bullying, exam stress and other problems, according to the (2)........................................... service ChildLine. The helpline receives 1,500 calls a year from children who mention (3>........................................feelings among other problems, according to a report analysing why so many young people ring up because they feel suicidal. It (4)........................................500 of the calls are from children who want to kill themselves, or who (5).........................................to try.


1- suicidal 2- intend 3- attempt 4. estimate 5- counselling

a. advice, esp from a Professional person b. make an effort to accomplish sth c. likely to lead to suicide d. have a particular purpose or plan in mind e. calculate roughly the cost,size, value, etc of sth


coverage feature stark reveal

2- A new survey on privacy and the media has (1)..........................................the majority of people think celebrities should have the right to a private life. The research found 85% of those questioned thought there should be little or no ( 2 } ....................................... of the private lives of celebrities. This is in (3>....................................... c o n t r a s t t o t h e c o n t i n u i n g s u c c e s s a n d r i s i n g s a l e s o f g o s s i p m a g a z i n e s s u c h a s H e a t , O K ! a n d N o w w h i c h ( 4 ) ........................................ every intricate detail of the lives of pop, TV and f i l m stars.


1- coverage 2- feature 3- stark 4- reveal

a. make (fact, etc) known b. clearly obvious to the eye or the mind c. reporting of events.etc d. give a prominent part to sb / sth



extraterrestrial theorize evidence capture harbor

3- Mars has long (1>.........................................the human imagination. It has been held up as the one place in our solar system most likely to {2)...........................................life forms. In the 1700s, astronomer William Herschel — one of the first people to write about(3).........................................life — speculated that Martians lived in conditions similar to those on Earth. In the late 19th century, people observing Mars from Earth noticed canal-like patterns on the planet's surface and (4).........................................that they had been built by great civilizations. We now know that there are no canals "on Mars' surface, and investigations by probes and landers have found no ( 5 ) ............................................ of Martian civilizations.


1-extraterrestrial 2- theorize 3- evidence 4- capture 5- harbor

a. information that gives a reason for believing sth b. give shelter to; protect; conceal c. of or from outside the earth and its atmosphere d. form theories; conjecture; suppose e. take sb / sth as a prisoner


exchange conduit vast result

4- During the first millennium B.C. through the middle of the second millennium A.D., a (1).........................................network of trade routes known as the "Silk Road" linked the people and traditions of Asia with those of Europe. These historic routes served as a major(2)............................................for the transport of knowledge, information and material goods between East and West and < 3 )........................................ in the first global ( 4 ).......................................... of scientific and cultural traditions.


1-exchange 2- conduit 3- vast 4- result

a. have a specified effect or consequence b. very large in area, size, quantitiy or degree; immense c. canal d. give or receive in place of another



conclude separate available accurate examine entirely

1- Researchers say that the quality of health information <1)........................................on the web has improved, but s t i l l cannot be ( 2 ) ...................................... relied upon. Three (3> .................................... pieces of research published by the British Medical Journal (4> .................................... the quality and authority of available information. One st udy found that the standard of information contained in public oriented sites had improved. However, another (5)........................................ that apparently credible websites may not be ! 6 )..........................................And a third found that most popular websites were not necessarily of the highest quality.


1- conclude 2- separate 3- available 4- accurate 5- examine 6- entirely

a. free from error; correct b. completely c. come to believe sth as a result of reasoning d. different e. that can be used or obtained f. look at carefully in order to learn about or from


yeoman extensive likely reflect commercial

2- Shakespeare was born and ra i sed i n the picturesque Tudor market town of Stratford-on-Avon, a local government and (1) ....................................... center within a larger rural setting, and it is |2) ..................................... that the surrounding woodlands of his boyhood f 3 )......................................in the play As You Like It. with its Forest of Arden. Shakespeare's mother Mary Arden was a daughter of the local gentry, holding ( 4 )..................................... properties around Stratford -on- Avon in his name. In marrying Shakespeare's father, the glover and tenant farmer John Shakespeare, Mary Arden took a step down the social ladder of the Eliz abethan Age, for her husband was of the ( 5 ) ....................................... class, a notch or two below the gentry.


1- yeoman 2- extensive 3- likely 4- reflect 5- commercial

a. show the nature of or express sth b. probably c. of or for trade d. farmer who owns and works in his land e. large in area



virtually giant secure fortunate advance

3- Great<1) ........................ have been made in the study of the Ancient Egyptian Civilisation in the last two hundred years. In that time we have gone from having (2) ........................ no knowledge whatsoever, to being able to translate directly from the heiroglyphs on the walls of pyramid s and temples with a high degree of accuracy. This ( 3 )..........................leap forward in knowledge was thanks to a very ! 4 )........................ find by a group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers as they ( 5 ) .........................Egypt for the French in 1798 and 1799.


1-virtually 2- giant 3- secure 4- fortunate 5-advance

a. big b. progress c. almost d. protect e. lucky


broke trap influence founder la rgely

4- Emile Zola, French novelist and critic, the ( 1 ) .......................... of naturalist movement in literature, was born in Paris. His father was an Italian engineer. Zola spent his childhood in Aix -en-Provence, southeast France. When he was seven, h i s f a ther d ied , l eav in g t h e f a m i l y w i t h m o n e y problems - his mother was < 2 ) .........................dependent on a tiny pension. In 1858 Zola moved with his mother to Paris. In his youth he became friends w i t h t h e p a i n t e r P a u l C e z a n n e a n d s t a r t e d t o w r i t e u n d e r t h e (3)........................ of the romantics. Zola's widowe d mother planned for him a c a r e e r i n l a w . H o w e v e r , Z o l a f a i l e d h i s b a c c a l a u r e a t e e x a m i n a t i o n . According to a story, Zola was sometimes so ( 4 ) .......................... that he ate sparrows that he (5)................... on his window sill.


1- broke 2- trap 3- influence 4- founder 5- largely

a. catch a creature in a trap b. having no money; penniless, moneyless c. to a great extent; chiefly d. effect e. person who establishes sth

SYNONYMOUS WORDS TEST-1-

1- Jack had not been so furious as when one of his friends used his pen without permission.

A) glad B) amiable C) calm D) angry

E) resolute

6- The citizens are not sure whether these economic changes may have any positive influence between our country and the E.U.

A) stake B) relation C) effect . D) action

E) measure

2- My wife had thought that the food we took for our trip would be adequate. But it finished in the third day.

B) inefficient D) settled E) bare

7- James Flemings's "The Temple of Optimism" has been higly praised by the ciritics. Their common impression is that it is heart-stoppingly good.

B) criticised D) abased E) acclaimed

3- You had better not drink that milk. Its bottle suggests that its expiry date has already come.

8- tie did not deny that the success of the festival depended upon the participation of the whole community.

A) initial C) dangerous

B) prominent D) ceasing E) previous

A) departure

C) involvement

B) elimination

D) staring

4- The passengers decided to seek a lawsuit against the airline company that did not work in accordance with the time table.

A) definition B) case / C) manner D) rage

ct

9- A fear or suspicion that is groundless is not based on reason or evidence.

B) witty D) justified E) unfounded

5- The Prime Minister guaranteed that the crisis would be got over within only nine months.

10- Their daughter died of a mysterious illness. The doctors still cannot make any explanation about it

A) overcome C) commenced

E) stuck

B) receded D) ruined

A) inexplicable C) perilious

E) obvious

B) fatal D) vehement

A) sufficient C) addictive A) expressed

C) ridiculed

E) amusement

A) reasonable C) critical


1- The fierce disagreement between the twins is believed to have arisen because they could not share the toys.

B) occurred D) prevented E) settled

A) hateful C)

unbearable

B) widespread

D) deliberate

A) inferior C) impressive

B) durable D) breakable E) terrific

7- Little Jessie wanted her parents to adorn her room with various ornaments.

B) fabricate D) create E) embellish

3- He doesn't advocate the policy his party is employing. He finds it extremely ineffective.

8- Her enthusiastic admirers went to the city of the Olympiads in order to support her.

A) consider C) support

B) belong D) benefit E)oppose

A) failing C) ardent

B) reluctant D) spiteful

E) glorious

4- To increase sales, a company should stress importance to advertise its goods properly.

A) promote C) arise E) curtail

9- The advancement of Jack as manager will do no good for the sake of the company.

A) promotion B) estimation C) revelation D) pledge E)

assurance

5- Our country has been suffering terribly from the adverse effects of the war among the neighboring countries.

10- This spring I'm planning to engage in a breathtaking adventure with a couple of my friends.

A) advantageous C) constructive

E) proper

B) unfavorable D) fruitful

A) disastrous C) probable

E) hazardous

B) meticulous D) amazing

6- He is an adorable famous pop-singer who has a large number of admirers.

E) lovable

A) averted C)caused

2-1 told the staff that the goods in the parcel are very fragile and so they should carry them with proper care.

A) appeal C) devise

B) spring D) satisfy


1-1 was so tired that, soon after arriving home, I slipped off my shoes and trousers and got into bed.

A) spread B) leant C) worn D) unleashed

E) released

6- People are complaining that the reviewers aren't doing their job properly.

B) accurately D) nastily E) logically

2- The house had been aflame for more than two hours until the firemen arrived.

7- My father is troubled by rheumatism when the weather becomes damp.

A) alike C) ablaze

E) afloat

B) adrift D) aloft

A) saddened C) pierced

B) reared D) tainted

E) afflicted

3- The Time 100 series is a set of three powerful books, to be released over the next two years, naming the most important people of the century.

B)sold D) constructed E)

adopted

8- Living things share certain properties that distinguish them from inanimate objects.

A)endanger C) separate

E) divert

4-1 didn't know whom to write to, so I just said "To whom it may concern."

9- Mr Barenboim had said that Wednesday night's concert in the city of Ramallah would be a musical plea for dialogue to end the bloody Middle East conflict.

A)release C) interest

B) disturb D) contribute E) necessitate

A) request C) conflict

B) desire D) denial E) affirmation

A) beautiful C) haphazard

B) disgusting D) untidy E) embellished

A) acceptance

C) rejection

B)fulfilment

D) proceeding

A) indecently C) rapidly

A) published C) collected

B) judge D) ratify

10- The detainee made a personal denial of all the charges against him. 5- My friends told me that my house was

simple but tasteful.

E) determination


1- The famous pianist says that he expresses himself by means of music.

B) contempt D) humour E) sensation

6- Buddhism is a spiritual tradition. It focuses on personal spiritual development and gaining a deep insight into the true nature of life.

B) renders D) engenders E) distracts

A) meaningful C) logical

E) fruitful

B) vain D) boastful

7- Ethnic minorities makeup 7.1 % of the population in the UK. Of these, 24% are Indian, 17% Pakistani and 13% Black Caribbean.

B) contact D) retain E) assume

A) handicaps C) similarities

B) companionships D) species

E) origins

8- Everyone who lives in Britain today is either an immigrant or the descendent of an immigrant.

B) saviour D) offspring E) ancestor

4- The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring was number one at the box office, earning an estimated $16.2 million in its fourth week.

People from different ethnic backgrounds are supposed to enhance our country, and its culture, values and society. A) diminish C) triumph

E) protect

A) gaining C)spending

B) rating D) producing E) wasting 10- The disappearance of a type (species) of

plant or animal from Earth is called extinction.

5-Many atheists are secularists and hostile to any special treatment given to organised religion.

A) dim B) miserable C) calm D) merciful

E) unfriendly

B) perseverance D) construction E) presence

A) depicts C) centres

A) challenge C) way

2- The sponsors say that the concert will be a useful contribution to efforts toward peace, dialogue and understanding between the two sides. A) form

C) restrict

3-Experts argue that in anatomical structure, Prehistoric Man has close affinities with modern humans. A) leader

C) pioneer

B) betray D) improve

A) annihilation C) demolition


1- Nearly 50 % of the entire ethnic minority population in that country is under the age of 25.

6- The Prime Minister turned down the free aid for relief. He said that they could overcome this problem on their own.

A) absorbing C) partial

E) total D) approximate

E) exhausting

A) refused C) declared

E) stated

B) admitted D) contracted

2- Today's school leaders must work in collaboration with teachers, professional colleagues, parents and the community.

A) coflict B) disaster C) cooperation D) disunity

E) favour

7- The council agreed on extending sanctions against that country for six more months.

B) allowance D) embargo

E) borders

3- Some species become extinct because of non-human forces, but many others are becoming endangered or threatened with extinction because of the activities of people.

8- We believe that the culprit will confess under threat of death.

B) conviction D) warning

B) tightened D) jeopardized EJ instigated

E) gravity

4- A Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) workedout a system for classifying both animals and plants. We still use it today.

B) compiled D) depicted E) devised

The gravity of the threat to wildlife will be discussed at the meeting next week.

B) importance D) destiny E) hilarity

5- Nothing will break our joint determination to bridge our efforts at working towards a just peace.

10- The economic relations of the two nations have become frayed becuase of some misuderstandings.

A) ruthless C) collective

B) absolute D) firm

E) mighty

A) C) worn tight

B) stable D) vivid

E) steady

A) freedom C) threats

A) passion Qaid

A) released C) intensified

A) logic C) meaning

A) imperiled C) improved

ANTONYMOUS WORDS

ANTONYMOUS WORDS TEST-1-

1- 26 percent of Catholic men say they attend church regularly, compared to 42 percent of Protestant men.

A) constantly B) occasionally CJ conventionally D) relatively E)

fiercely

6- The authorities say that the riots that broke out yesterday were spontaneous outbursts of frustration and anger.

A) indeliberate C) tedious

E)rare

2- The UK is an amazingly diverse country with a wealth of religious groups all making their contribution to our culture.

A) identical C) excellent

E) traditional

A) random C)

inseparable

B) hilarious

D) marvelous

3- The authorities promised to take tough action to deal with the violence that produced many cases of child-rape.

In more propitious circumstances, I think, it will be possible for the two sides to co-exist.

A)rough C) tender

B) uneasy D) anxious

E) humble

A) disadvantageous C) appropriate

E) lofty

B) accurate D) weak

4- The rescuers coming from the neighbouring countries worked with a will to help the people living in the almost thoroughly devastated area by the earthquake.

B) absolutely D) clearly E) partially

9- We were all shocked at how he made such a swift and complete recovery in a very short time.

B)sudden D) slow E) bashful

5- She says that after the publication of her new book, she will be unbelievably rich.

10- He fears that his trial is going to be biased because of his religion.

A) credibly

CJ reasonably

B) spontaneously

D) hastily

A) partial C) brilliant

E) heedful

B) fair D) dazzling

B) harsh D) planned

7- If something is not organized according to a plan, it is haphazard.

E) methodical B)absurd D) various

A)

flawlessly vividly

A) quick C) eager

E) gradually

ANTONYMQUS WORDS TEST-2-

1- The more his friends spoke of his father, the more grossly his death renewed itself in Martin's memory.

6- It was because the committee made a realistic attempt to solve the problems that the company got rid of bankruptcy.

A) appallingly

C) slightly

B) gently

D) rapaciously

A) authentic C) objective

B) faithful D) impractical

E) genuine

Atheism isn't an organised religion or a belief. In fact, it's the absence of a belief in God or other spiritual beings.

7- After I told her that I eventually passed exams, she looked at me in genuine astonishment.

A) presence C) ferocity

B) location D) drawback

E) handicap

A) false C) charming

E) pale

B) shiny D) fascinating

3- Israeli army said it had banned all Israeli citizens from entering territory under sole Palestinian control.

8- I found the book I borrowed from my friend extremely fascinating.

A) facilitated C) reduced

E) permitted

A) glamarous

C) uninteresting

B) joyful

D) captivating

4- Vital hours were ticking away, but the doctors' efforts to save the patient were unsuccessful.

A) magnificient B) principal C) unimportant D) essential E) durable

9- The manager declared with satisfaction that the company is growing substantially in comprison to its state in the past.

B) impatience D) indecision E) displeasure

5- My father would always tell me that it was important to set mv goals realistically.

B) particular D) inessential

10- I can't understand his indecision about accepting the new job offer.

A) competence B) decisiveness C) disagreement D) recklessness

E) consistency

E) sensible

E) adamantly

B) burdened D) banished

E) fanciful

A) certainty *C) alienation

A) absolute C) helpless


1- She is talking about her son's success with

B) animation D) humility E) exaggeration

6- The boss dismissed the manager because of his negligence. He hadn't taken any measure against the upcoming economic crisis.

B) attentiveness D) impartiality E) irresponsibility

2- He believes that this is an indispensable book for students preparing for proficiency exams in English.

A) unnecessary C) essential

E) reliable

7- It's best to avoid anything that leads to loss of confidence.

A) importance C) deception

E) courage

3- The number of heroin addicts in our country has climbed unbelievably within the past decade.

A) demolished B) swayed C) declined D) prompted

E) enlarged

8- Chlorine is still the most popular weapon against contaminated pool water.

A) prolonged C) infected E) clean

4- The new research revealed the extent of the damage which came from the nuclear plants.

B) underestimated D) verified E) concealed

9- The students have exactly one hour to finish their examination.

A) roughly B) notably C) abundantly D) precisely

E) accurately

5- Almost every student feels nervous before taking an exam.

B) uninterested D) abnormal E) calm

10- His present laptop computer is out-o f-date; therefore, he wants to buy a new one.

A) rapid C) impudent E) superficial

pride.

A) desire C) gaiety A) vengeance

C) extremetiy

B) adjustment D) apprehension B) primary

D) precise

B) insolent D) unnatural

A)depended C)expended

A) agitated C) curious B) modern

D) scornful


1- President is claimed to have signed numerous bills that weaken environmental protection.

B) few D) incredible E) plentiful

6- It's 10 a.m. and he is still asleep.

A) unaware B) dormant C) awake D) distinct

E) inactive

2- There hasn't been any noticeable change in our economical state since this minister came.

7- In big cities, the air in winter months becomes so polluted that breathing it may be hazardous to health.

A) stunning C) weird

E) brisk

B) visible D) insignificant

A) misty C) detrimental

E) safe

B) alarming D) perilious

3- He is an extrovert person. He manages to have a lot of friends.

8- There are rumours that some drugs have been found to prolong life.

A) violent C) unsociable

E) impressive

A) shorten C) perpetuate

E) maintain

4- Some countries have outlawed sale of some drugs because of their negative effects.

B) banished D) prohibited E) expelled

9- She has been promoted on account of her proficiency in doing her job.

A) excellence B) incompetence C) responsibility D) satisfaction E)

intimacy

5- They have bought a very graceful little wooden building on the outskirts of the city.

A) illustrative C) striking

E) tasteful

10- I don't know how to tell my mother that I brpke her priceless vase. She had bought it for so much money three years ago.

A) worthless C) invaluable

E) inestimable

A) peripheral C) profuse

B) graceful D) horrible

B) reckon D)advance

A) legalised C) excluded

B) harsh D) awkward B) valuable

D) precious


1- President believes that the death penalty saves lives and serves as a deterrent to crime.

A) complimentary B) advantage C) conformity D) incentive

E) impediment

6- The war crimes tribunal sentenced three soldiers to life in prison as they opened fire on defenceless civilians.

B) rebellious D) decent E) miserable

2- The new government declared that limits on freedom of speech and of the mass media are not permissible.

B) individual D) acceptable E) legitimate

7- Over the years our economy has unpreadictablv changed.

A) substantially B) slightly C) foreseeably D) elegantly

E) adequately

3- Today, our teacher told us that squids grow to an immense size.

8- Violence in that country could have been averted with the interferece of the great powers of the world.

A) ingenious C) minute

B) magnificient D) gigantic

E) inestimable

A) bungling

C) negligence

B) ambivalence

D) brutality

4- I am concerned about the growing number of unemloyed people throughout the country.

B) confident D) uneasy E) indifferent

9- A) estimation

C) distinction

B) depression D) aspiration

5- I had told you that it would be futile to argue with her, but you didn't listen to me.

A) pleasing C) arbitrary

E) intense

10- A local play area in our city is becoming dangerous for young children because of litter, a lack of supervision and unsafe equipment.

A) delicate B) uneven C) appropriate D) secure

E) durable

A) protected C) indignant

A) prohibited C) preferred

E) peacefulness

Our team was in a state of euphoria days after theb championship.

E) pretence A) willing C) familiar

B) fruitful D) abortive

test your

VOCABULARY

TEST YOUR VOCAULARY TEST-1-

1- After hearing a tornado warning, our family took......... in the basement

6- Phobias are often hard to ........ from other anxiety disorders.

A) protection

C) shelter

B) registration

D) promotion

A) resemble C) affect

B) distinguish D) produce

E) escape

2- Jane didn't ........ the party's rules, so the members demanded her expulsion.

A)obey C) conceive E) break

7- Nature.......... about 95% of greenhouse gases, while humans are responsible for only 5%.

A) discovers C) emits E) consumes

3- The current president is......... criticised for lack of initiative in taking gun control.

A) severely B) deliberately C) consequently D) completely E)

absolutely

8- I don't like the way he.......... his friends. He is very rude towards them.

B) favours D) perceives E) treats

4- Their new son has shown the symptoms of Down's Syndrome, so his life ........ is short.

9- Sweden has one of the lowest unemployment ........among the developed countries.

A) age C) quality

B) form D)speed E) expectancy

A) points C) employees

E) amounts

5- During the war our twenty-three soldiers were held......... by the enemy.

10- Reproduction is the most important ....... of living things.

A) fellow C) companion

E) charge

A) gift C) feature

B) cell D) prize

E) structure

E) devastation

B) rely D) imitate B) forces

D) receives

A) defends C) behaves

B) rates D) ranks

B) prison D) hostage

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY TEST-2-

A) distinctly C) vividly

B) completely D) eventually E) clearly

In the town of Bhavnagar, mobs. . . . . . . . fire to shops and trucks on a highway and clashed with police who opened fire.

B) made D) took E)set

Last year European countries. from wild weather conditions.

A) heated C) bothered E) suffered

.... greatly 7- People in a country begin suffering considerably if their leaders......... their powers.

B) define D) explain E) broaden

After a brief rest and a snack, the climbers went on their . . . . . . .

8- Buddhism was . . . . . . . . . by Siddhartha Gautama in Nepal and is 2,500 years old.

A) decline C) ascent

B) trend D) grade E) appearance

A) installed C) praised

B) loaded D) situated

E) founded

4- A man and a woman should share. household shares.

.the

9- The animal kingdom is . . . . . . . into two large groups-animals with backbones, called vertebrates, and animals without backbones, called invertebrates.

A) superficially C) markedly

E) equally

A) dispersed C) separated

E) transmitted

10- The defendant claims his mind is so ravaged by mental illness he can't be, responsible.

5- Any living organism that is normally . . . . . only with the aid of a microscope is called micro-organism. •

A) born C)set

E) kept

B) held D)put

A) treatable C) durable

B) available D) visible

E) breakable

1- Some people who were once rather famous are now. . . . . . . . . . . forgotten.

A) put Qhit

B) endured D) troubled A) abuse

C) grant

B) bravely D) apparently B) verified

D)expended

TEST\YOUR VOCABULARY TEST-3-

1- The issue of the abolition of death has been put into ....... once more.

B)agenda D) charge E) truth

6- Her........ departure astonished us all. We had expected her to stay five days more.

A) severe B) persistent C) rough D) cautious

E) abrupt

2-1 never thought that our plan would be ......... This always made me determined and courageous.

B) productive D) successful E) helpful

7- Little Joshua's sudden....... from home worried his parents a lot.

A) existence B) flow C) ride D) absence

E) wake

Lemon, orange, grapefruit....... in vitamin C.

A)abound C) fill E) support

8- For the next two weeks,........ zero is expected to be 22 C°. This means we can go for a picnik.

A) exact B) beneficial D) absolute D) rare

E) freezing

An economist has to keep abreast of developments in order to....... in his career.

A) sustain B) focus G) embark D) specialise

E) absorb

9- If a government has unlimited powers then there exists....... in that country.

A) justice B) fairness C) intelligence D) reason

E) absolutism

5- This edition of George Orwell's Animal Farm has been ....... in order that students at intermediate level could read it.

A) introduced D) conducted

10- You were thoroughly ....... by you work; thus, I didn't want to disturb you.

A) concentrated B) absorbed C) feared D) indulged

E) focused

E) regarded

A) reality Qfear

A) fruitful C) abortive

B) give D) enrich

B) abridged D) written


1- Music can be a.........: for relaxation, for stimulation and for communication.

A) device B) track C) tool D) reverence

E) favour

The doctor told him to....... totally from alcohol; otherwise, he would never get well.

B) adhere D) abstain E) attain

2- Angela is.......... at getting out of helping her mother with the washing-up.

A) sufficient B) expert C) courageousD) contributory E)

shy

7- His idea was found absolutely ......... during the board meeting, so all of the members burst out laughing.

A) absurd C) reasonable

E) meaningful

3- The youth had prepared extremely well to ........ against the policy of the government about education.

B) revolt D) eliminate E) protect

8- This summer tomato was incredibly cheap because of its .........

B)abundance D) scarcity E) location

4- As it turned out, the........... about a new tax we're right The government was preparing a new tax because revenues were still too low.

A) replies C) prohibitions

E) compliments

9- She gave herself .......to sadness after losing her husband.

B) previously D) adequately E) blissfully

5- The passengers became extremely........ when the bus-driver stopped to get some more passengers even though the bus was filled to peak capacity.

10- In this small city, the ....... o f accommodation poses tremendous difficulty to university students whose number has exceeded 15,000.

A) cheerful C) calm

B) pleased D) awkward

E) furious

A)abundance C) density

E) scarcity

A) stick C) suffer

B) valuable D) worthy

A) bribe C) destroy

A) price C) density

B) outlooks D) rumours

A) utterly C) fiercely

B)rush D) remedy


1- Mr. Wright employs in his works a talent in some respects comparable to that of Hemingway to . . . . . . . . his fellows to unite and fight against the enemy.

B) rouse D) raise E)rasp

The Minister of Energy had to face charges of . . . . . . the resources of the country.

A) benefiting C) abusing

E) adding

2- "Down by the Riverside," is an amazingly welt written tragedy. . . . . . . . with the plight of a Negro family caught by flooding river waters.

7- The USA and the rest of the world. . . . . . . . with anthrax letters for such a long time last year.

A) cited

C) frightened

B) involved

D) concerned

A) grappled C) agreed

B) discussed D) satisfied

E) threatened

3- Agatha Christie wrote hundreds of murder stories but she never . . . . . . . . a murder or was involved in one.

A) attacked C) committed

E) averted

8- We have to. . . . . . . the speed of our production rate; otherwise, we won't be able to meet the urgent demand for our products.

A) delay C) cancel

E) rise

B) accelerate D) maintain

4- He has always been very much. . . . . . . . in international organizations aimed to the protection and the improvement of human and natural life. A) accelerated C) assisted

E) involved

9- Her idea found wide. . . . . . both by the boss and the general manager. Now, they are trying to put it into practice.

A) acceptance D) ridicule

E) reason

5- The professor told us to write an, for our theses elegantly.

A) attachment C) access

E) abstract

10- For her term paper, Amanda is trying to ........ access to adequate information about the ancient Egypt over the Internet, but she can't.

B)deny D) gain E) allow

A) arise C) rise

B) utilising D) evaluate

E) inflamed

B) refrain D) recalled

B) loyal D) focused B) coverage

D) oddity

B)honour D) agreement

A) send C) raise


1- I have prepared reading assignments which are suitable for children with reading ages ........ between 8 years and above 13 years.

6- The boy insisted that he broke the vase by accident, but his mother claimed that it was totally..........

A) Q

B) maintaining D) ranging E) wandering

B) intentional D) actual E) genuine

2- Ecology is the study of the relationships that ..........between organisms and their environment.

A) define C)endanger

E) exist

7- An ......... is a written statement which you swear is true and which may be used as evidence in a court of law.

A) application B) oath C) confirmation D) verdict E)

affidavit

3- I believe that all assignments to be given to students should ..........a wide range of thinking skills, learning styles, creativity, vocabulary skills and more.

B) refer D) perceive E) remain

8- The manager proposed that our company should.......... itself to a bigger company in order that its influence could increase.

A) affiliate C)bend E) detach

4- She gazed with deep ......... at him and then told him that she fell in love with him.

B) inspiration D) consideration

E) affection

She suggests that there is a natural ....... between Asian and British women. They share some characteristics.

A) propensity C) affinity

E) reliability

5- The police had faced with considerable difficulty while trying to gain........ to the building that was reported being used by the Mafia.

10- The enemy gained victory over us particularly due to their massive aerial attacks.

A) right C)escape

B) inquiry D) access

E) direction

A) particularly

C) deliberately

B) moderately

D) courageously

featuring swaying

A) accidental C) delightful

B) sustain D) stabilize

intend target

A) C)

B) prove D) track

A) hatred C) opinion B) tendency

D) mystery

E) intermittently


1- One of the deputies definitely ........ that the freedom of speech should be granted to everybody.

A) approves C) renders

E) attributes

He has been living in a(n) ................ neighborhood since he won the lottery.

A) proficient C) gloomy

E) affluent

Our neighboring countries declared that they would . . . . . . . . any humanitarian assistance they could.

B) protect D) conduct E) acquire

Today is very depressing.

A) pleasant C) appalling

E) cheerful

They fought courageously so as to , their independence.

A) reprimanded B) indulge C) retain D) extend

E) aid

8- Person who believes that war and violence are always wrongs is called

A) pitiful C) civilized E) humane

On account of the hot weather, most of the country was afflicted by............

A) irrigation C) breeze

E) inundation

9- Since he moved to Canada, he has had difficulty.......... himself to the cold climate.

B) admiring D) acclimatizing E) attaining

5- High mortality rates among the African countries .......... particularly children.

A) perish C) rejoice E) slay

10- The landlord tried hard to assure the tenants that his house could........ six people comfortably.

A) feed B) magnify C) accommodate D) rent

E) obtain

B) secures D) affirms

B) vacant D) abundant

,. It's rather

B) blissful D) gloomy A) render

C) retain

B) pacifist D) brutal

B) drought D) harvest A) enjoying

C) adopting

B) vanish D) afflict

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY TEiiT-8-

1- Police said, because of tlie riots last week, 80 police officers were injured and several vehicles......... alight.

6- I told him to kick constantly so that he could stay.......... Otherwise, he would most probably sink.

A) put C) made

B)set D) took

E) placed

A) relaxed C) afloat

B) exhausted D) malignant

E) precarious

2- A row between two women outside a primary school............ into two nights of rioting. A)engaged C) transmitted

E) degenerated

3- This President has been ruling the country since it........ independence from Britain two decades ago.

7- Jane is suffering from a ......... disease. This disease will most likely lead to her death.

A) slight C) favourable E) harmless

8- My son has ....... of age so I can allow him to get a driving license.

A) won C) declared

B) acquired D) obtained E) preserved

A) set Qbeen

E)put

B) come D) made

4- The new administration bans demonstrations and gives the police greater powers to ......... with riots and disorder.

9- My son........ his aim of being a doctor after eleven years of hard study.

A) protect C) conserve.

E) deal

B) manage D)engage

A) reduced C) accomplished

E)served

B) set D) matched

5- It was decided that some bare lands will be ........... immediately in order to prevent landslides.

10- The boss asked die manager to....— for the deficit in the budget.

A) attracted C) ruined

B) demolished D) constructed

E) afforested

A) talk C) chat

E) account

B)do D) calculate

B) revealed D) removed B) benign D)

malignant


1- Our country imports oil from countries that are ........ in petroleum.

6- This machine........ only tokens. Don't try to insert any banknote.

A) miserable C)abundant

B) exhausted D) scarce

E) efficient

A) consumes C) hides

B) reserves D) likes

E) accepts

2- Henry loved her a lot. Moreover, he was so ............. towards her.

B) affectionate D) deliberate E) precarious

7- The government achieved .......after getting involved in a series of corruption scandals, which led to its fall.

A) fame B) honour C) glory D) eminence

E) notoriety

3- We have to ........ the speed of our production rate; otherwise, we won't be able to meet the urgent demand for our products.

B) accelerate D) maintain E) rise

8- It's claimed that his achievement in the tournament was acknowledged by a number of people even though it was ........by the jury.

A) admired B) appealed C) underestimated D) decided E)

charged

Although English is his second tongue, he speaks it with BBC.........

A) ability C) reason

B)speed D) accent E) broadcast

9- I wanted to......... him with the fact that he would be laid off if he went on working so inefficiently.

5- The professor......... the importance of protecting the environment Also, he underlined the adverse effects of polluted environment on living beings.

B) supported D) decreased E) accentuated

A) wake C) acquaint E) determine

10- I am only....... with him. Don't ask me to tell you many things about him, please.

A) frightened C) worried

E) acquainted

A) perilous C) daring

A) delay C) cancel

A) ignored C) acquired

B) cheer D) enjoy

B) angry D)engaged


1- The people living in the........ flat are always in conflict with the inhabitants of our apartment.

B) nearly D) adjacent E) over

6- The Turkish coach......... tremendous admiration of his country because he was the first Turkish coach to train one of the biggest teams in Europe.

B) took D) deserved E) held

A word formed from initial letters of other word is called..........

7- One who inspects or keeps financial accounts is called.........

A) synonym C) acronym

B) antonym D) opposite

E) similar

A) accountant C) consultant

E) financier

3- According to the police reports, apart from the minister, there were sixty ..... involved in the scandal.

A) means B) accomplices C) barters D) inspections

E) investigations

The teacher and her colleagues discussed the accuracy of the question at great

B) clue D) length E) reason

4- Weather reports........ the first killer twister only four minutes before it hit.

9- Jane is my........ acquaintance, so I can't tell you her likes and dislikes.

A) instigated C) preceded

B) stopped D) revealed

E) predicted

A) extreme C) distant

B) unusual D) close

E) immediate

5- Soon after beginning to suffer from. throat, Joseph lost his voice.

10- Yesterday on my way to the library, I ...... into one of my acquaintances.

A) sore C) calm

E) rare

B) angry D) pure

A) took C) encountered

E) broke

B)put D) bumped

A)upon C) behind A) filled

D) begot

B) inspector D) traitor

A) detail C) focus


1- The water in this river only reaches your ......... so you can easily cross it.

A) ingredients B) bowels C) forehead D) skull

E) belly

I asked my students to write an article for their school magazine about the problem of bullying in their school and suggest ways to . . . . . . . . . it.

B) maintain D) overtake E) utilise

2- He did not. . . . . by his promise, so I am not going to trust him any more.

B) stick D) frightened

E) keep

7- Sting, long known for his . . . . . . . musical style, brought Arabic music to the top of the US pop charts with his song Desert Rose from his Brand New Day album.

B) innovative D) relevant E) generous

3- The house had been........ for two hours till the firemen arrived.

B) genuine D) enthusiastic E) exhilarating

8- Meteorologists are, in........... of prediction, much more advanced than any other science.

B) reason D) terms E) principles

It's quite . . . . . that he hasn't talked to anybody for ten days. Normally, he is so talkative.

9- Greeks are. . . . . . . . the world's biggest per capita consumers of olive oil.

A) cruel C) typical

B) usual D) abnormal

E) chatty

A) at all C) in distress

B) at random D) at odds

E) by far

5- There were more than 300 passengers aboard the ship, which. . . . . die maximum capacity and caused the ship to sink.

B) exceeded D) developed E) measured

10- During the late 1960s and early 1970s America's involvement in the Vietnam war increased significantly.

A) involovement B) excitement C) predicament D) premise E) supposition

A) apply C) combat

A) abide C) rely

A) genuine C) intact

A) means C) falsity

A) enormous C) ablaze

A)supported C) blocked

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1- During a family discussion on our next holiday plans, my father asked me for my----

A) opposition B) reason, C) disappointment D) suggestion

E) denial

6- They had to call in troops to . . . . . . the forest fire which was spreading rapidly.

B) put out D) break down E) hand out

They . . . . . . . that their team is far better than ours and they expect to win the forthcoming match.

7- Several of my friends have entered the . . . . . . . . , but none of them expects to win.

A) claim C) include

B) regard D) prefer

E) object

A) performance B) application C) competition D) esponsibility

E) vacancy

3- Although he is an engineer, he is as ..........as any carpenter at making kitchen furniture.

8- He's terribly.« . . . . . . person and never thinks at all of the needs or the wishes of other people. x

A) forceful C) skillful

B) genuine D) extravagant E) current

A) nervous C) extravagant

E) selfish

B) sensitive D) reliable

4- The chief of police finally agreed to release news of the accident, but he did so,

B) extremely D) reasonably E) reluctantly

A) eventually

C) doubtfully

B) increasingly D) adequately

5- It took me a long time to translate his business letter as I had to . . . . . . . . so many words in the dictionary.

10- The survivors of the shipwreck who were able to reach the land, decided to ..... . . . a fire and wait to be rescued.

A) make up C)look up

B) turn over D) get off

E) take up

A) make C) show

E)put

B)do D)set

A) get out C) hold up

9- As she grew older, it became . . . . . . . . difficult for her to do the shopping.

E) reluctantly A) regularly C) terribly

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY EXAMPLES FROM YDS

11- The melting of all the ice mass in the Arctic would «... . . . . the sea level by several metres.

A) establish B) preserve C) raise , D) restore

E) spoil

16- They still haven't come to an . . . . . . . . about which play they are going to put on next term.

A) opinion B) assessment C) appointment D) agreement

E) event

12- I couldn't.......... why they were shouting so loudly.

A) set up B) keep up C) rely on D) make out

E) put off

17- My car . . . . . . as I was on my way to pfck up the children from school.

A) got off B) broke down C) let down D) gave in

E) took off

13- I tried hard to ........ why the motor would have to be replaced, but he couldn't understand what I was trying to say.

A) insist B) complain C) reply D) inform

E) explain

18- I met your father once years ago, but I can........... remember him.

A) hardly B) enormously C) extremely D) immensely

E) simultaneously

14- The market for computers and all related goods has been........... rapidly in recent years.

A) reaching B) expanding C) exploring D) exceeding

E) disturbing

15- The company is not only looking for well

qualified people; it also Wants them to be ...........about their work.

A) enthusiastic B) comprehensive C) relevant D) indifferent

E) convenient

AQIKLAMASIZ CEVAP ANAHTARI


1-B 2-E 3-D 4-D 5-C 6-A -7- E 8-E 9-A 10-B 11-D 12-C

1-D 2-C 3-A 4-C 5-D 6 -A 1-E 8-C 9-B 10-B 11-E 12-C

1-D 2-B 3-D 4-C 5-B 6-A 7-A 8-C 9-E 10-D 11-B I2-E

1-B 2-D 3-E 4-D 5-B 6-A 7-A 8-D 9-C 10-C 11-E 12-A

I-A 2-D 3-C 4-B 5-E 6 -C 7-A 8-D 9 -A 10-B 11-D 12-C

COMPREHENSION PASSAGES / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-A 2-D 3-A 4-C 5-D 6-E 7-A 8 -A 9-D 10-B Il-E 12-B 13-C 14-E 15-D 16-D 17-E 18-B 19-

E 20-C 2I-A 22-C 23-E 24-A 25-B 26-D 27-E 28-B 29-D 30-A 31-E 32-D 33-E 34-A 35-D 36-

B 37-E 38-A 39-D 40-B 41-C 42-E 43-D 44-C 45-D 46-E 47-B 48-A 49-C 50-D 51-A 52-E 53-

C 54-B 55-E 56-C 57-B 58-A 59-D 60-C 61-B 62-C 63-E

ODD-ONE-OUT

1-E 2-B 3-C 4-E 5-C 6-A 7-B 8-A 9-B 10-C

1-A 2-D 3-B 4-D 5-B 6-C 7-E 8-D 9-C 10-E

1-B 2-B 3-E 4-E 5-C 6-A 7-D 8-D 9-C 10-E

1-E 2-A 3-C 4-D 5-C 6-B 7-A 8-D 9-A 10-D

1-E 2-C 3-A 4-C 5-B 6-A 7 -B 8-E 9-D 10-B

ODD-ONE-OUT / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-C 2-B 3-D 4-D 5-A 6-C 7-D 8-B 9-C 10-D 11-B 12-D 13-C 14-B 15-C 16-B 17-C 18-E

19-D 20-E 21-C 22-B 23-D 24-B

ACIKLAMASIZ CEVAP ANAHTARI

PARAGRAPH COMPLETION

!-D 2-C 3-B 4-A 5-E 6-D 7-B 8-E 9-C 10-C

1-C 2-B 3-E 4-D 5-C 6-B 7-A 8-E 9-D 10-C

1-B 2-C 3-E 4-D 5-A 6-B 7-A 8-C 9-E 10-D

1-B 2-E 3-C 4-C 5-D 6 -E 7-C 8-C 9-D 10-A

I-A 2-D 3-B 4-B 5-E 6-A 7-B 8-C 9-A 10-B

PARAGRAPH COMPLETION / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-C 2-E 3-B 4-B 5-D 6-C 7-A 8-D 9-B 10-A 11-C 12-E 13-B 14-A 15-D 16-E 17-C 18-B

19-D 20-E 21-D 22-C 23-D 24-B

SENTENCE COMPLETION

1-B 2-E 3 -C 4 -D 5-A 6-A 7-E 8-C 9-D 10-A 11-D 12-B

1-E 2-A 3-C 4-C 5-A 6-C 7-E 8-B 9-D 10-A 11-D 12-B l-C 2-A 3-C

4-C 5-A 6-C 7-A 8-D 9-E 10-D If - B 12-C

]-E 2-C 3-A 4-D 5-E 6-A

SENTENCE COMPLETION / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-C 2-B 3-E 4-D 5-A 6-C 7-B 8-A 9-E 30-C 11-D 12-B I3-D 14-E 15-A 16-C 17-B 18-D

CLOSEST MEANING

1-C 2-D 3-A 4-E 5-B 6-A 7-E 8-C

1-C 2-B 3-B 4-C 5-B 6-E 7-C 8-D

l-E 2-A 3-B 4-D 5-E 6-B 7-A 8-D

CLOSEST MEANING / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-C 2-D 3-E 4-B 5-A 6-A 7-D 8-C 9-B 10-D 11-A12-E 13-D 14-C 15-

B 16-A 17-C 18-A 19-E 20-D 21-A


GAP-FILLING & MATCHING TEST-J-

1. PARAGRAF

A) 1-masterpiece 2 - influences 3-epic 4- evil

B ) lb 2d 3a 4c

2. PARAGRAF

A) 1-composed 2-early 3-distinguished 4-entertainment

B) Ib 2d 3a 4c

3. PARAGRAF

A) 1-release/emission 2-responsible 3-emissions / releases 4-contribute 5-greenhouse

B)lb 2c 3a 4e 5d

3. PARAGRAF

A) 1-wide 2-properly 3-reasonable , 4-base 5-commited 6-likely

B)Ic 2d 3e 4b 5f 6a

4. PARAGRAF

A) 1-discrimination 2-amended 3-grounds 4-unlawful

B) Ic 2d 3a 4b

GAP-FILLING & MATCHING TBST-3-

1. PARAGRAF

A) 1'introduced 2-abandoned 3-remaining 4-widespread 5-transactions

B)ld 2c 3e 4a 5b

4. PARAGRAF

A) 1-served 2-major 3-commercial 4-shaped •

B ) l c 2d 3b 4a

2. PARAGRAF

A) 1-decent 2-sprungup 3-make ends meet 4-in touch 5-advice

B) ld 2a 3b 4e 5c


1. PARAGRAF

A) 1-contribute 2 -unique 3-conveying 4-excitement 5 -charmingly

B) Ic '2d 3a 4e 5b

2. PARAGRAF

A) 1-exceptional 2-acquiring 3-practiced 4-scholar 5-focused

B) Id 2b 3a 4e 5c

3. PARAGRAF

A) 1-developed 2-via 3-effective 4-traditional 5-receiving

B)ld 2c 3b 4a

4. PARAGRAF

A) 1-regret 2-survey 3-sense 4-common

B)Ic 2d 3b 4a



1. PARAGRAF

A) 1-attempt / intend 2-counselling

3-suicidal 4-esdmates 5- intend / attempt

B ) 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 e 5 a

2. PARAGRAF

A) 1-revealed 2-coverage 3-stark 4-feature

B ) I c 2 d 3 b 4 a

3. PARAGRAF

A) 1-captured 2-harbor 3-extraterrestrial 4-theorized 5-evidence

B ) 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 e 5 b

4. PARAGRAF

A) 1 -vast 2-conduit 3-result 4-exchanging

B) ' ld 2c 3b4a


1. PARAGRAF

A) 1-available 2-entirely 3-separate 4-examined 5-concluded 6-accurate

B) Ic 2d 3e 4a 5f 6b

2. PARAGRAF

A) i-commercial 2-likely 3-is reflected 4-extensive 5-yeoman

B) Id 2e 3b 4 a 5 c

3.PARAGRAF

A) 1-advances 2-virtually 3-giant 4-fbrtunate 5-secured

B ) I c 2 a 3 d 4 e 5 b

4. PARAGRAF

A) 1-founder 2-largely 3-influence 4-broke 5-trapped

B) Ib 2a 3d 4e 5c

SYNONYMOUS WORDS

TEST-1 TEST-2- TEST-3- TEST-4- TEST-5-

1-D 1-B 1-C 1-C 1- B

2- A 2-D 2-C 2-E 2-C 3-D 3-C 3- A 3-C 3-D 4-B 4- A 4-C 4- A 4-E 5- A 5-B 5- A 5-E 5-C 6-C 6- E 6-B 6-C e-A 7-E 7-E 7-E 7- A 7-D 8-C 8-C 8-C 8-D« 8-D 9-E 9- A 9- A 9-D 9-B 10- A 10-D lo-e 30- A 10- A


ANTONYMOUS WORDS

l - B 2 -A 3 -C 4 -E 5 -A 6-D 7-E 8-A 9 -D 10-B

1 -C 2 -A 3 -E 4 -C 5 -D 6-D 7-A 8 -C 9-E 10 -B

1 -D 2 -A 3 -C 4-E 5 -E 6 -B 7 -D 8 -E 9-A 10 -B

l-B 2 -D 3-C 4 -A 5 -D 6-C 7-E 8 -A 9 -B 10 -A

1 -D 2-A 3 -C 4-E 5 -B 6 -A 7-C 8-E 9 -B 10-D

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY

1 -C 2-A 3-A 4-E 5 -D 6-B 7-C 8-E 9 -B 10 -C

I- B 2 -E 3-C 4 -E 5 -D 6-E 7 -A 8-E 9 -C 10-B

l-B 2 -A 3-A 4 -D 5 -B 6 -E 7-D 8-C 9 -E 10 -B

1 -C 2 -B 3 -B 4 -D 5-E 6 -D 7-A 8 -B 9 -A 10 -E

l-B 2 -D 3-C 4 -E 5-E 6-C 7 -A 8-B 9 -A 10 -D

1 -D 2-E 3 -C 4 -E 5 -D 6-B 7-E 8 -A 9 -C 10-A

1 -D 2-A 3 -C 4-B 5-D 6 -E 7 -D 8-B 9 -D 10-C

2 -E 3 -A 4 -E 5 -E 6 -C 7-D 8 -B 9 -C 10-E

J1-C 2-B 3-8 4-D 5-E 6-B 7-E 8-C 9-C 10-C

Hl-D 2-C 3 -B 4-E 5-A 6-D 7-A 8-C 9-C 10-D

J l-E 2-D 3-E 4-E 5-D 6-D 7-C 8-B 9-E 10-B

H2SHH1-A 2-C 3-D 4-B 5-E 6-C 7-A 8-E 9-B 10-D

2-A 3-C 4-D 5-B 6-C 7-B 8-D 9-E 10-A

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY / EXAMPLES FROM YDS

1-D 2-A 3-C 4-E 5-C 6-B 7-C 8-E 9-B 10-A 1I-C 12-D 13-E

14-B 15-A 16-D 17-B 18-A

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