TESTYOUR

BRAIN!

Basic

Circ

uits

PotentialDividers

Creates a setvoltage

Potential Divider

R1

R2

Vs Vout = Vs x R2 R1 + R2

Vout = 10 x 100 = 1000 = 5V 100 +100 200

R1 = 100

Vs = 10V

R2 = 100

Vout = 5V

Vout = 10 x 40 = 400 = 6.6V 20 + 40 60

R1 = 20

Vs = 10V

R2 = 40

Vout = 6.6V

Vout = 10 x 20 = 200 = 3.3V 40+20 60

R1 = 40

Vs = 10V

R2 = 20

Vout = 3.3V

Potentiometer

Creates an adjustablevoltage

Potentiometer

VR1

10V10V

Volts

Potentiometer

VR1

10V

7.5V

Volts

Potentiometer

VR1

10V

5V

Volts

Potentiometer

VR1

10V

2.5V

Volts

Potentiometer

VR1

10V

0V

Volts

LDRPotential Divider

Converts a lightlevel intoa voltage

LDR Potential Divider

10V

Vout

VoltsLDRResistance

LDR Potential Divider

10V

Vout

VoltsLDRResistance

LDR Potential Divider

10V

Vout

VoltsLDRResistance

LDR Potential Divider

10V

Vout

VoltsLDRResistance

LDR Potential Divider

10V

Vout

VoltsLDRResistance

Comparator

Compares twodifferent input

voltages

Comparator

Inverting > Non-inverting

Comparator

Inverting = Non-inverting

Comparator

Inverting < Non-inverting

Light Sensor

LED lights onwhen it is dark

Light Sensor

LDRResistance

Inverting inputvoltage

Output voltage

-+

10V

Vout

Non-Inverting inputvoltage

Light Sensor

LDRResistance

Inverting inputvoltage

Output voltage

-+

10V

Vout

Non-Inverting inputvoltage

Light Sensor

LDRResistance

Inverting inputvoltage

Output voltage

-+

10V

Vout

Non-Inverting inputvoltage

Light Sensor

LDRResistance

Innverting inputvoltage

Output voltage

-+

10V

Vout

Non-Inverting inputvoltage

555 Timer

Astable Circuit

Producescontinuous pulses

555 Astable Circuit

F = . 1.44 . (R1+2R2) x C1

555 Astable Circuit

SMALLCAPACITOR

HIGHFREQUENCY

555 Astable Circuit

LARGECAPACITOR

LOWFREQUENCY

555 Timer

Monostable Circuit

Produces apulse of a set

length

555 Monostable Circuit

T = 1.1 x C1 x R1

555 Monostable Circuit

Trigger

Output

555 Monostable Circuit

Field Effect Transistor

(FET)

Allows a voltage tocontrol a large

Current.

Transistor Driver

B

C

E

A small current onthe base createsa large current

through thespeaker

Transistor Driver

B

C

E

A small current onthe base creates a

large currentthrough the

lamp

Field Effect Transistor

(FET)

FET Driver

V

A voltage on thegate controls thecurrent through

the lamp.

G

D

S

Logic Gates

AND

AND Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

Truth Table

A BQ

A=0

B=0Q=0

AND Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 0

Truth Table

A BQ

A=0

B=1Q=0

AND Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

Truth Table

A BQ

A=1

B=0Q=0

AND Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

Truth Table

A BQ

A=1

B=1Q=1

OR

OR Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

Truth Table

A

B Q

A=0

B=0Q=0

OR Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

Truth Table

A

B Q

A=0

B=1Q=1

OR Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

Truth Table

A

B Q

A=1

B=0Q=1

OR Gate

A B Q

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

Truth Table

A

B Q

A=1

B=1Q=1

NOT

NAND

NOR

Symbol

ResistorA resistor limits

the amountof current

flowing in a circuit