Test Review TipsCommunity Health

Assessment #1Topics:

Environmental HealthEpidemiology & Communicable Disease

The Epidemiological Triangle /Epidemiological Triad

Epidemiological Triangle

• Know what “Host Factors” are• Know what “Agent Factors” are• Know what “Environmental Factors” are

Water Borne Disease• Know the definition of water-borne disease, i.e.,

they are caused by pathogenic microorganisms which are directly transmitted when contaminated fresh water is consumed. So water borne diseases are caused by drinking the water!

• Know some of the water-borne diseases, e.g., cholera, salmonella, shigella, typhoid fever, and many many more!

• Remember to differentiate water borne diseases from vector-borne diseases (although water is associated) e.g., encephalitis, dengue fever, Rift Valley Fever, yellow fever, malaria, etc.

Analytic / Analytical Epidemiology versus

Descriptive Epidemiology

• Know the difference in definition between the two…..

Living Patterns

• Know the definition ! • What does this actually mean? What is it

NOT?• REMEMBER that when we discuss (or maybe

ask questions…) about “Living Patterns” we are talking about Environmental Health !

Radiation Exposure

• Know what is—and what is not—a potential source of radiation exposure in environmental health!

• Consider natural & man-made sources

Food Quality

• Put this into the context of environmental health and know what the potential threats to food quality are…think infection, chemicals, toxins, and other chemicals.

Work Risks

• There are lots of problems in the workplace, but remember, not all of them are Environmental Health Issues. Differentiate between them!

Models

• Epidemiological Triangle• Web of Causation• Definitions & what areas or problems /

diseases each is most useful for…

Incidence & Prevalence

• Know what they are, & the difference between them

• Know what they mean

• When given statistics of incidence or prevalence, be able to compare between two different places with two different rates, & and know which is better than the other.

Primary-Secondary-Tertiary

• Ya gotta know these!

Screening Programs (2* Interventions)

• Know the essential components of planning a screening program.

Influenza

• Know the differences in Recommended Populations / Priorities of those to be immunized between Novel H1N1 (“Swine Flu”) and “Normal Seasonal Influenza.”

Adjusted Rates & Epidemiology

• Why are epidemiolgical rates ‘adjusted’, i.e., for age, sex, gender, etc.

• …Think:

• TO eliminate BIAS or POTENTIAL BIAS