TEST No. 1557 Explanation

8/17/2019 TEST No. 1557 Explanation.

1/13

1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS

z

ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

GENERAL STUIDES (P) 2015 – Test 8 (1557)

Q 1.A

It emphasised the importance of the vernacular languages as it was through this medium of verncular

languages, the European languages could in filter into masses.

Other statement is correct.

Q 2.D

Britishers made very little efforts to spread education in India. They are not much concerned about

education in India. They were only interested in cheap supply of Indian for subordinate positions

because a number of Britishers living in India was less and the salary expected by Britisher was much

higher than expected by Indian at that time. So option 2 is correct.

Also educated Indians were became aware about importance of education so they agitated for modern

education in India. so option 1 is correct. English education was helpful in expanding the markets for goods for British products. So option 3 is also

correct.

So all the options are correct.

Q 3.D

Q 4.B

They supported the imposition of income tax on rich and middle classes. They also advocated for

imposition of import duties on products consumed by the rich. However they opposed the free trade

policy since it ruined the Indian handicrafts industry.

Q 5.C

Q 6.B

The Regulating Act had not given the British Government effective and decisive control over the

company.

The Act had also failed to resolve the conflict between company and its opponents in England who were

daily growing stronger and more vocal.

Q 7.B

- Boundaries are fully defined and fixed by Legislation in National Park.

- No biotic interference is allowed in National Park, Limited biotic interference is allowed in Wildlife

Sanctuaries.

National Parks are highly protected by law. No human habitation, private land holding or traditionalhuman activity such as firewood collection or grazing is allowed within the park. Sanctuaries are also

protected but certain types of activities are permitted within these areas.

Biosphere Reserves are another category of protected areas. Under this, a large area is declared as a

Biosphere Reserve where wildlife is protected, but local communities are allowed to continue to live and

pursue traditional activities within the Reserve.

Q 8.A

It is the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP

VISIONIAS ™www.visionias.in

www.visionias.wordpress.com


2/13


Q 9.C

The Revolt at Meerut and the capture of Delhi was the precursor to a widespread mutiny by the sepoys

and rebellion almost all over North India, as well as Central and Western India. South India remained

quiet and Punjab and Bengal were only marginally affected.

Q 10.D

In the planning, construction and management of railways, the economic and political development of

India and her people was not kept in the forefront. On the contrary, the primary consideration was to

serve the economic, political and military interests of British imperialism in India. The needs of Indianindustries regarding their markets and their sources of raw materials were neglected. This led to decline

of Indian rural artisan industries.

Nearly the entire amount invested in railways was provided by British investors, Indian capital

contributing only a negligible share to it.

Q 11.A

The English army showed no military superiority in the Battle, it was desertion in the Nawab's camp that

gave Clive the victory.

As a consequence of the victory of battle of Plassey, even the British merchants and officials were no

longer asked to pay any taxes on their private trade.

Q 12.C Company gave Shah Alam-II a subsidy of 26 lakhs of rupees and secured for him the district of Kora and

Allahabad.

Q 13.D

The monopoly of trade with India was ended by the charter act of 1813, however the trading monopoly

with china was retained for another 20 years.

Q 14.B

The correct chronological order is: Boycott resolution was passed against the partition of Bengal (August

1905) - the partition of Bengal came into effect (October 1905) - Dadabhai Naoroji announced that the

goal of INC was Swaraj (December 1906) - Surat Split (December 1907).

Q 15.A

As a consequence of the victory of battle of Plassey, even the British merchants and officials were no

longer asked to pay any taxes on their private trade.

Q 16.B

SAFAR-Air is an app launched by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology in Pune. The application will

enable citizens to check their city’s air quality in real time.

Q 17.C

The Moderate leaders believed that the continuation of India’s political connection with Britain was in

the interests of India at that stage of history. They, therefore, planned not to expel the British but to

transform the British rule to approximate to national rule. Hence, Statement 1 is correct. Extremists believed in atmashakti or self reliance as a weapon against British domination. Hence, 2nd

Statement is incorrect.

The Moderate nationalists worked to educate British public opinion. For this purpose, they carried on

active propaganda in Britain.

Q 18.D

Due to fuedal characters, many princes were looking for their own benefits, some supported the revolt,

some helped in suppressing it. By 1856,crimean wars and chinese wars concluded so 1,12,000 British

troups poured into India.


3/13


The Maharaja of Kashmir, the Ranas of Nepal, and many other ruling chiefs, and a large number of big

zamindars gave active help to the British in oppressing the Revolt.

Other statements are also correct.

Q 19.A

Statement 1 is correct as Maratha state had many sardars like Bhonsle, Holkar and Sindhia who shared

power.

Statement 2 is also correct.

Statement 3 is incorrect as the numerous Maratha sardars were united under a strong centre led by thePeshwa.

Q 20.A

Q 21.B

Starit of Hormuz connects the persian gulf with gulf of Oman.In 2012, Iran warned it could stop the flow

of oil through the Strait of Hormuz if more sanctions were imposed on the country.

Strait of Bab el mandeb connects Red sea with Gulf of Aden.

Q 22.A

Fort William College was established in 1800, and the main aim was to gather oriental knowledge, and

train the civil servants in traditional value system of India, the above process is termed as reverseacculturation.

Q 23.A

Swami Dayanand upheld the Varna system according to the Vedas.

Q 24.A

Statement 1 is incorrect as company continued to exist but the company rule was abolished. The

Company was actually dissolved in 1874 as the 1

858 Act had rendered it redundant and powerless. Statement 3 is incorrect as the Governor-General was

given the additional title of Viceroy.

Q 25.C

The British could not manage the relief work during the famine of 1899-1900 which affected an area of

189,000 sq miles and a population of 28 millions.

Lord Curzon appointed the commission in 1901.The commission recommended the appointment of a

Famine commissioner in a province where extensive relief operations were expected.

The commission also stressed the desirability of better transport facilities, opening of agricultural banks,

improvement of irrigation facilities and vigorous measures to foster improved methods of agriculture.

Q 26.A

Statement 1 is correct as 18th

century India witnessed the breakup of the Mughal Empire into semi-

autonomous kingdoms like Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad. However, this break-up and the intermittent

wars between the numerous states did not lead to a decline in arts and culture. Rather, arts and culture

flourished in their unique forms in the various regional centres. Also, religious strife, though present,was not prevalent and most of the Muslim Emperors including Tipu, even though they may have been

personally religious, were religiously tolerant in the public sphere.

Q 27.B

Q 28.D

The transformation of the Sikhs into the militant, fighting Community was begun by Guru

Hargovind Singh. Under the leadership of Guru Govind Singh become a political & military force.


4/13


Q 29.D

Dual system of government was set up by Clive. During Hastings tenure, the system was abolished.

Regulating act of 1773 provided for setting up of a Supreme court at Calcutta to try all British Subjects.

Hastings tried many reforms but he gave no place to the sons of the soils in the position of trust and

responsibilities.

Q 30.A

It was under the mahalwari system that a village collective body was responsible to the Government for

collection of revenues and the entire village jointly owned the land. It was found mostly in UP, Punjaband Haryana (Please note Champaner is a city in Gujarat).

Q 31.D

In the Rytowari system, 'registered’ land holders were responsible for direct payment of revenue to

state.

Zamindari system was prevelant in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

Ryotwari system covered majority (51%)of British areas in India. The Mahalwari system covered 30% of

the British areas in India.

Q 32.C

French general Dupleix was the first to intervene in the succession wars in Hyderabad and the Carnatic,

which was later followed more successfully by the British to intervene in various conflicts.

The Anglo-French wars of the 18th century such as the seven years war spread to India also.

Q 33.C

Three Indian cities, Bengaluru, Chennai and Surat have made it to the 100 Resilient Cities project, run by

the New York-based non-profit organisation Rockefeller Foundation. Other cities chosen include Amman

in Jordan, London in England, New York in the U.S. and Melbourne in Australia. The aim is to make cities

resistant to shocks and stresses.

100 Resilient Cities - Pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation (100RC) is dedicated to helping cities

around the world become more resilient to the physical, social and economic challenges that are a

growing part of the 21st century. 100RC supports the adoption and incorporation of a view of resilience

that includes not just the shocks – earthquakes, fires, floods, etc. – but also the stresses that weaken the

fabric of a city on a day to day or cyclical basis. Examples of these stresses include high unemployment;an overtaxed or inefficient public transportation system; endemic violence; or chronic food and water

shortages. By addressing both the shocks and the stresses, a city becomes more able to respond to

adverse events, and is overall better able to deliver basic functions in both good times and bad, to all

populations.

Cities in the 100RC network are provided with the resources necessary to develop a roadmap to

resilience along four main pathways:

1. Financial and logistical guidance for establishing an innovative new position in city government, a Chief

Resilience Officer, who will lead the city’s resilience efforts;

2. Expert support for development of a robust resilience strategy;

3.

Access to solutions, service providers, and partners from the private, public and NGO sectors who can

help them develop and implement their resilience strategies; and

4.

Membership of a global network of member cities who can learn from and help each other.Through these actions, 100RC aims not only to help individual cities become more resilient, but will

facilitate the building of a global practice of resilience among governments, NGOs, the private sector,

and individual citizens.

Q 34.C

The British policy of subsidiary alliance was championed by Lord Wellesley through which the Company

established indirect control over the numerous princely states. The Residents (for larger states) and

Political Agents (for smaller states) in many cases interfered in the internal matters of state.


5/13


The Doctrine of Lapse, introduced by Lord Dalhousie led to annexation of states such as Jhansi and

Satara, which led to discontent among deposed and existing princes. This discontent was ultimately

channelled into the revolt of 1857.

Q 35.A

During Lord Dufferin Period 1884-1888-

The Third Burmese War (1885-86)

Establishment of Indian National Congress

In 1885 two Acts passed – Bengal Tenancy Act and Bengal Local Self-Government Act.

Allahabad University was incorporated.

Aitchison Committee.

Number of new taxes were introduced such as salt tax and petroleum tax.

Q 36.D

The commission emphasised the state’s special care for the improvement of primary education.

In the field of women education, emphasis was laid on the differentiation of curriculum, award of

scholarships and facilities in appointments

The commissions had recommended for encouraging private enterprise in field of education.

Q 37.D

The Moderates aim was limited self-government under the aegis of British Crown. They did not want aclinical separation from the British Empire as they believed that it would be disastrous for India at that

stage of history. However, they wanted the abolition of the India Council, which they believed was

preventing the Secretary of State from initiating liberal policies in India. Under their demand for limited

self-government, they wanted democratic rights only for the educated who would be a substitute for the

masses.

Q 38.D

1. Initiation of no-frills account.

2. Banking service reaches homes through business correspondents.

3. Electronic Benefits Transfer.

4. Swavalamban pension scheme aims to promote financial inclusion.

Q 39.C

Imperial Legislative council was constituted by Indian Councils Act 1861. So option 1 is incorrect

Initially Indian members are few in number—thirty years from 1862 to 1892 only 45 Indians were

nominated to it. Most of them being wealthy, landed and with loyalist interests. Only handful of political

figures and independent intellectuals were there.

So option 2 is incorrect.

Moderate leaders demanded a majority of Elected Indians in Imperial Legislative council. So option 3 is

correct.

Q 40.D

Indirect elections was introduced to elect some of the members of Imperial and provincial Legislative

councils. This was the introduction of elections for the first time. The official majority was retained and there was no right to vote the budget for non-officials

Q 41.B

The Sepoys refused to fight because crossing the sea was meant loss of caste. Hence Statement 1 is

correct.

Sepoys were predominantly drawn from the upper caste hindus esp. North Western Provinces & Oudh.

Hence, 2nd Statement is incorrect.

Even though sepoys considered prestigious to be in the service of the company, they were not happy

with the emoluments.Hence, 3rd Statement is incorrect.


6/13


Q 42.B

Dhaka was the new capital of East Bengal province, so statement 2 is not correct. In the west Bengal, the

Bengalis were reduced to minorities with 17 million Bengalis and 37 million hindi and oriya speaking

population. Statement 3 is correct.

Q 43.D

Q 44.C

Statement 1 is incorrect as mercantilist ideas advocated against the carrying out of gold which the EastIndia Company used to fund its imports from India.

Other statements are correct

Q 45.C

Satyasodhak Samaj was founded by Jotiba Phule. ON 3July 1851, he founded a girl’s school in which

eight girls were admitted on the first day.

On 24 september 1873, Jotirao convened a meeting of his followers and admirers and it was decided to

form the ‘Satya Sodhak Samaj’(Society of Seekers of Truth) with Jotirao as its president and treasurer.

Q 46.C

The Treaty signed with the East India Company aided the Peshwa Baji Rao II in reclaiming the lost

position against the Holkars in 1802. Hence, 1st Statement is correct. Treaty of Bassein was essentially in the nature of 'Subsidiary Aliance ' wherein Britishers got the

opportunity to directly interfere in the administrative affairs by permanently stationing the British troops

with the Peshwa and not after his \ death without any natural heir to the throne, which was a prominent

reason in the 'Policy of Doctrine of Lapse'. Hence, 2nd Statement is incorrect.

The Treaty provided for the expulsion of non British Europeans from Peshwa's service which made the

Britisher's position more stronger vis-a-vis French & other European powers. Hence, 3rd Statement is

correct.

Q 47.D

Indian social conference which is known as Social Reform Cell of Indian National Congress. It focused

attention on social issues. So option 1 is correct.

Self-respect movement which was led by E V Ramaswamy Naiker rejected brahmnical religion andculture which Naiker felt was prime instrument of exploitation of lower caste. So option 2 is correct.

Deoband movement was organized by orthodox section among muslims. It has twin objectives 1)

propagating pure teachings of Quran and hadis among Muslims and keeping alive the spirit of jihad

against the foreign rulers. So option 3 is correct.

Q 48.D

Lord Wellesley started Policy of subsidiary alliance to expand British authority in India. So statement 1 is

correct.

All major powers such as Hyderabad and Awadh accepted subsidiary alliance treaty offered by Governor

General. So statement 2 is correct.

By signing subsidiary alliance treaty, Indian ruler virtually lost his independence. It lost right to self

defence, right to maintaining diplomatic relations. So statement 3 is also correct.

Q 49.C

Q 50.D

The moderates demanded development of Indian economy through involvement of Indian capital. They

were against foreign investment. So option 1 is incorrect.

They demanded tariff protection and government investment to promote Indian industry. So option 2 is

correct.

Military expenditure was huge so they demanded to reduce it. So option 3 is correct.


7/13


Q 51.A

The 'Council Bills' were issued by the The Secretary of States.

In British India, apart from existing imports and exports, there was also a particular amount of money

which colonial India contributed towards administration, maintenance of the army, war

expenses,pensions to retired officers and other expenses accrued by Britain towards maintenance of

her colony. These were known as "Home charges" and were paid for almost entirely by India.

The Home charges was made of three components (1) Interest payable on Indian debt. (2)Interest on

the railways (3) Civil and military charges.

This ‘drain’, estimated at 5 per cent to 6 per cent of the total resources of India, took place through thenotorious council bill system. British buyers of Indian exports paid sterling for council bills obtained from

the secretary of state in London. The council bill were then presented by British trading firms in India to

exchange banks where they were exchanged for rupees from the government of India’s revenues. The

rupees were then advanced to finance the production and trade in export commodities, for example,

jute. The rupee profit could subsequently be use to by sterling bills at local branches of British – owned

exchange banks and London paid sterling against these bills. The sterling could then once again be used

to buy council bills and so the annual cycle repeated itself.

Q 52.B

The fall in demand of indigo in the international market had let to a fall in its prices. After the Indigo

rebellion of 1860, its production was discontinued in Bengal after a few years and it survived only in the

backward regions of Bihar. The rebellion was one of the first occasions when the Indian press championed the issue of peasants and

the local zamindars also supported the revolt as the indigo planters were European.

The play “Neel Darpan” - Neel stands for blue/indigo, the colour of the dye obtained from the plant -

was originally written by Dinabandhu Mitra in Bengali and dealt with the issue of atrocities committed

by Indigo planters.

Q 53.C

To prevent the recurrence of another revolt was the main reason behind the reorganization of Army.

The % of Europeans is increased in the army. So option 1 is incorrect.

European monopoly over key geographical locations and key departments like artillery, tanks was

maintained to safeguard key locations and weaponry. So option 2 is correct.

To create divisions among various groups in army some races like Sikhs, Gurkhas were declared martialand others who participated in the 1857 revolt such as soldiers from Awadh, Bengal etc. declared non

martial. So option 3 is incorrect.

Q 54.A

Statement 1 is correct as the act recognized the control of Parliament over Indian affairs.

Statement 2 is correct as it sought to address the ambiguities regarding Supreme Court and other

jurisdictional issues.

Pitt’s India Act sought to increase parliamentary supervision over the Company. Hence, statement 3 is

correct.

Q 55.D

R V Samudra Ratnakar is a Geological Survey of India (GSI)’s state-of-the-art research ship. It will searchfor gas hydrates below the sea-bed off the east coast and off the coast of Kanyakumari.

Methane from gas hydrates may constitute a future source of natural gas. So gas hydrates has huge

potential to fulfil energy requirements of world. Methane within gas hydrates had been prognosticated

as more than 1,500 times of India’s present natural gas reserve.

Gas hydrates are found in: Marine shelf sediments, In deep lake sediments (e.g.Lake Baikal), In the

polar permafrost regions.

The website of the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons says, “As an unconventional hydrocarbon

resource, methane hydrates have been the focus of our quest for meeting our energy demands and it

was this objective that India’s National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) was launched.”


8/13


It, however, added that the commercial production of methane from gas hydrates was still a far-fetched

thought although the NGHP had set itself a deadline of mid-2015 to commence commercial production.

Q 56.B

The period 1765 to 1813 is known for Policy of Ring fence or Buffer State.Before 1765,the company

struggled for the equality with the indian states.

During this period,the chief danger was from Afghan Invader and Marathas.

Q 57.A

The act was directed only towards the Vernacular (non-english) newspapers of India. The act was

repealed by Lord Ripon

Q 58.C

Native Rulers who helped British

Holkar of Indore remained with the British.

Man Singh at Gwalior deceived Tantya Tope and Laxmibai.

Nizam of Hyderabad, Gulab Singh of Kashmir,

Sikh rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind also remained loyal to British. The Sikhs detest towards the

Mughals was the main reason behind their remaining against the mutineers.

Dinkar Rao of Gwalior and Salar Jang of hyderabad were "praised" by the British for their loyalty to the

Government. Zamindars, Land Lords, Money lenders, Big Traders remained loyal to the East India Company.

The elite "educated" class of Indians remained indifferent. Railways,

Telegraph and Postal services, which were initiated by Lord Dalhousie saved India for British from the

hands of Indians.

Q 59.B

It was not against image-worship. Infact, it recognized the value and utility of image worship in

developing spiritual fervor.

The movement recognized the truth in all religions and emphasised that krishna, Rama, Allah, Christ are

different names for the same god. It recognizes value of image-worship in developing spiritual fervour.

The movement never gave any political message.

Q 60.B

They aimed to liberate the Gurudawaras from the control of corrupt mahants who enjoyed the support

of the government. It was a secretarian or a regional movement but not a communal one.

It was a non-violent movement. Hence, 2nd statement is also correct

Q 61.B

The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, was the first organized expression of the Indian national

movement on an all-India scale. It had, however, many predecessors. However all these associations

were dominated by wealthy and aristocratic elements and were provincial or local in character.

Q 62.A

Indian Agriculture during 18th century was technically backward and stagnant as techniques ofproduction remained stationary for centuries.

Also Indian villages were largely self-sufficient.

It was not a closed economy as it traded with other countires of Europe and Aisa.

Q 63.B

It was founded by Ahmad of Rai Barelli in 1820, and it began in RohilKhand.


9/13


Q 64.A

There was no place for priesthood nor any kind of sacrifices were allowed in the Brahmo Samaj building.

The worship was performed through prayers and meditation and readings from the Upanishads.

It took no definite stand on the doctrine of karma and left it to individual brahmos to believe either way.

Q 65.D

Sar-I-Naubat” was MILITARY COMMANDER.

Majumdar (Amatya) was the Revenue and finance minister.

Dabir (sumant) was the FOREIGN minister.

Q 66.C

Raja Ram Mohan Roy: Proclaimed that the purest form of Hindu religion was to be found in Upanishads.

Keshav Chandra Sen: Observed that the Brahamoism shoul become a sort of universal religion.

Dayananda Sarswati: Identified Hinduism with the religion as founded in the Vedas

Ramakrishna Paramhansa: Emphasised that there are many roads to God.

Q 67.B

1. It is making small changes to a drug in order to gain a new patent.

2. It an anti-competitive practice.

Q 68.C

Statement 1 is correct as the Viceroy could now nominate members to his expanded council.

Q 69.D

English provocations such as misuse of dastaks and fortification of their trading posts were provocations

aimed at the Bengal rulers. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2 is correct as due to conspiracies, a major part of the Bengal army did not participate in the

war.

Statement 3 is also correct as the plunder of Bengal allowed British to export bullions from India to

finance its trade with the East.

Q 70.D

Feeling of racialism between the rulers and the ruled evoked reaction in Indian mind. Researchers like Max Muller, william etc created a new picture of India’s past glory and greatness.

Q 71.A

The annexation of Indian States by company cut off their major source of patronage. So their income

reduced as many of them took up agricultural activities. Because of its grievances this group participated

in 1857 revolt. So option 1 is correct.

Zamindars often saw their land rights forfeited. This resulted in loss of status for them in villages. So

statement 2 is incorrect.

Abolition of sati, support to widow remarriages and women education were seen as interference in

social and religious domain of Indian society by outsiders. So large section of population have discontent

because of such socio-religious reforms. This was one of the reason of 1857 revolt. So statement 3 is

correct.

Q 72.B

Q 73.B

Mahatma Gandhi founded All India Harijan Sangh. So option 1 is correct.

Though Arya samaj was in favour of four fold varna system but it was against the caste system. So option

2 is correct.

Satyashodhak samaj founded by jyotiba phule aimed at women education, lower caste education and

social service. So option 3 is also correct


10/13


Q 74.D

The movement's objective was not to prepare its students for government job (unlike the aligarh

movement) but for preaching of Islamic faith. They were opposed to Syed Ahmed Khan, founder of the

Aligarh movement.

Deoband School welcomed the formation of the Indian National Congress and in 1888 issued a fatiua

(religious decree) against Syed Ahmed Khan’s organisations.

Q 75.D

All the statements are correct.

The French government was despotic and depended on the personality of Monarch.Even under Louis

XIV,the system was showing serious cracks.His weak successor,Louis XV,fritted away the resources of

France.

Also,as the French Company was a department of the state and since the state guaranteed dividend to

the shareholders so the latter took very little interest in promoting the prosperity of the Company.

Q 76.B

Under the treaty,British undertook to defend the ruler from his enemies and promised to non-

interference in the internal affairs but they didnt keep this promise.Through british

resident,they interfered in the day-to-day administration of the state.

Q 77.B

Q 78.D

The Summary Settlement Act 1956 bypassed the middlemen in collection revenue.

Lord Canning introduced General Service Enlistment Act under which the Sepoy could be compelled to

serve abroad.

Religious and missionary activities of British was perhaps the first ever trace of English people landing in

India, which was later to become a prolonged legendary association. However, until the renewal of the

Charter Act of 1813, the British East India Company had blocked the entry of missionaries into India.

Q 79.C

this settlement made with individual peasant and it was a temporary settlement

under this land was made saleable government itself became a big zamindar and retained the right to enhance revenue at will while the

cultivator was left at the mercy of its officers.

Q 80.C

Rammohun Roy started Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815. In 1828 he founded a new religious society,

the Brahma Sabha, later known as the Brahmo Samaj. In 1817, David Hare founded the famous Hindu

College. Rammohun Roy gave most enthusiastic assistance to Hare in this. Tatvabodhini Sabha was

started by Debendranath Tagore to propagate Rammohun Roy’s ideas.

Q 81.D

Cornwallis realized that the company’s servant would not give honest and efficient service so long as

they were not given adequate salaries So he raised the salary of civil servants. So option 1 is correct. Cornwallis made a rule that promotion in civil services would be based on seniority so that it’s members

would remain independent of outside influence. So option 2 is correct.

To reduce corruption He enforced the rules against private trade and acceptance of bribes by officials.

So option 3 is also correct.

Q 82.A

The East India Company, originally chartered as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London

trading into the East Indies,Was formed by the group of merchants.


11/13


Shares of the company were owned by wealthy merchants and aristocrats. The government owned no

shares and had only indirect control.

Q 83.C

Lord Dalhousie was of the view that British exports to the native states were suffering because of the

maladministration of these states by their Indian Ruler. So to increase exports they should be annexed.

So statement 1 is correct.

Because of the loyalty of states during 1857 revolt and their political use as backwaters in political

storms in future, policy of annexation of Indian States was stopped after 1857 revolt. So statement 2 iscorrect.

Awadh was annexed in 1856 by accusing that Nawab is misgoverning the state and refusing the

introduction of reforms. So statement 3 is incorrect.

Q 84.A

The leader and inspirer of Young Bengal Movement was the young Anglo-Indian Henry Vivian Derozio.

His followers were known as Derozians. They didn’t take up peasant’s cause. It was a radical intellectual

trend in youth of Bengal.

Q 85.B

Ishawar Chandra Vidya Sagar was the principal of Sanskrit college Calcutta. Though he associated with

many schools for girls but he was not the founder of Sanskrit College Calcutta. So option 1 is incorrect. Prof. D K Karve married to a women and opened Indian Women University at Bombay in 1916. He also

worked for widow remarriage. So option 2 is correct.

Bethune school was founded by Sir JED Bethune; so option 3 is wrong.

Q 86.D

This Doctrine exsited prior to Dalhousie also. The Court of Directors of the East India Company had

articulated this early in 1834.As per this policy, the Company annexed Mandvi in 1839, Kolaba and

Jalaun in 1840 and Surat in 1842.Hence, 1st Statement is incorrect

Under this doctrine, the rulers of the dependent states could adopt sons and these adopted sons could

inherit the throne only with the consent of the British government.However, the British government had

the power to withhold the succession of the adopted sons. Hence, 2nd Statement is incorrect.

The first victim of the Doctrine of Lapse was the Maratha Kingdom of Satara, in 1848 the Raja of SataraAppasahib died. He had no natural heir.Hence, Only 3rd Statment is correct.

Q 87.C

American civil war broke out in 1861. Raw cotton imports from America fell drastically and Britain sent

messages to increase cotton exports from India. As cotton prices soared, the merchants gave advances

to urban sahukars to secure supply which in turn extended credit to those rural moneylenders who

promised to secure the produce. The ryots in the Deccan villages suddenly found access to seemingly

limitless credit. However this credit dried with the end of American civil war in 1865.

Q 88.D

Q 89.A Before 1857, there were two separate system of laws and jurisprudence in the company's territory-the

Mohammadan law in rural areas and the English laws.Most Governor-General felt that it would be unfair

to submit Englishmen in India to Mohammadan law.

This dual system of laws and courts were abolished when the Indian Penal Code gave a uniform criminal

law in 1861.However,the disparity between the Indian and European judges continued.Ilbert bill sought

to correct this. Hence, only 2nd statement is correct.


12/13


Q 90.C

Some of the Muslims participated—Barrister Abdul Rasul, Liaqat Hussain, Guzanvi, Maulana Azad (who

joined one of the revolutionary terrorist groups)—but most of the upper and middle class Muslims-

stayed away or, led by Nawab Salimullah of Dacca, supported the partition of Bengal on the plea that it

would give them a Muslim-majority East Bengal.

Q 91.B

The theory of White man’s burden was propagated by the British and other colonial powers. It is the

supposed or presumed responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture to nonwhitepeople for the benefit of the colonies

Q 92.B

In India, a factory of the Company was generally a fortified area within which the warehouse (stores),

offices and houses of the Company’s employees were situated. It is to be noted that no manufacture

was carried on in this factory. Hence, only 2nd statement is correct.

Q 93.A

Moderates believed that political connections with Britain were in India’s Interest at that stage of

history. So option 1 is correct.

Though Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherojshah Mehta, Surendrnath banerjea were moderates leaders but Vipin

Chandra Pal was an extremist leader for eg. The three extremist leader Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal GangadharTilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal (LAL, BAL, PAL). So option 2 is incorrect.

Moderates believed that movement should be limited to middle class and masses are not yet ready for

political work. So option 3 is incorrect.

Q 94.A

Ramakrishna mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda So option 1 is correct.

Ramakrishna mission was a deeply religious body and it didn’t considered itself a sect of Hinduism. the

main focus of this was service to mankind. It haven't publicised itself as a sect of Hinduism. This was

main reason of the success of mission. So option 2 is incorrect.

Swami Vivekananda favored a blend of materialism of west and spiritualism of east to produce

happiness for mankind. So option 3 is incorrect.

Q 95.C

1. Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani peace activist who was shot by the Taliban.

2. This act is introduced in United states's Senate.

3. It is designed to expand scholarship opportunities for disadvantaged young women in Pakistan.

Q 96.B

Though Tipu was orthodox in his religious views. He was in fact tolerant and enlightened in his approach

towards other religions. He gave money for the construction of the image of goddess Sarda in the

Shringeri Temple. Tipu Sultan was died in fourth Anglo Mysore war.

Q 97.D

1. In the phases which coincides with Industrial revolution in England, the East India Company ceased tohave monopoly of trade.

2. The cotton industry was plundered mainly in the phases which coincides with Industrial revolution in

England.

Colonial exploitation was carried on broadly through three phases. The first phase (1757-1813) of

‘mercantilism’ was one of direct plunder in which surplus Indian revenues were used to buy Indian

finished goods to be exported to England. In the second phase (1813-1858) of free trade India was

converted into a source of raw material and a market for British manufactured goods. The third phase

(1858 onwards) was one of finance imperialism in which British capital controlled banks, foreign trading


13/13


firms and managing agencies in India. This phased exploitation was carried out through a range of

economic policies, primarily in the industrial and agricultural sectors of the colonial economy.

Q 98.C

Before 1828 Persian was official language in courts. But William Bentinck introduced some changes. Now

the suitor has option to use Persian or vernacular language. Also, the language of Supreme court became

English. So option 1 is correct

Law commission was set up under lord Macaulay for codification of Indian Laws in 1835. So option 2 is

correct.

Lord Cornwallis separated revenue and justice administration. In the Cornwallis code there was

separation of revenue and justice administration.

So option 3 is wrong.

Q 99.A

Evangelicalism started its crusade against Indian barbarism and advocated the permanence of British

rule with a mission to change the very “nature of Hindostan”. In India the spokespersons of this idea

were the missionaries located at Srirampur near Calcutta; but at home its chief exponent was Charles

Grant. The principal problem of India, he argued in 1972, was the religious ideas that perpetuated the

ignorance of Indian people. This could be effectively changed through the dissemination of Christian

light, and in this lay the noble mission of British rule in India. To convince his critics, Grant could also

show a complementarity between the civilizing process and material prosperity, without anyaccompanying danger of dissent or desire for English liberty. His ideas were given greater publicity by

William Wilberforce in the Parliament before the passage of the Charter Act of 1813, which allowed

Christian missionaries to enter India without restrictions. The idea of improvement and change was also

being advocated by the free-trade merchants, who believed that India would be a good market for

British goods and a supplier of raw materials, if the Company shifted attention from its functions as a

trader to those of a ruler. Under a good government the Indian peasants could again experience

improvement to become consumers of British products. Fundamentally, there was no major difference

between the Evangelist and the free-trade merchant positions as regards the policy of assimilation and

Anglicization. Indeed, it was the Evangelist Charles Grant who presided over the passage of the Charter

Act of 1833, which took away the Company’s monopoly rights over India trade.

Q 100.C They created and dethroned Mughal Emperors at their will during the 1710s.

Copyright © by Vision IAS

All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,

without prior permission of Vision IAS

Documents

TEST No. 1557 Explanation