TEST BANK - NursingTB · 2.1 Explain significant global historical events that led to the development of the modern concept of public health. 2.2 Describe early public health efforts

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N U R S I N G T B . C O M

Community Health Nursing in Canada, Third Canadian Edition

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Canada, a division of Reed Elsevier Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Stanhope

2 Lesson Plan for

The Evolution of Community Health Nursing in Canada

OBJECTIVES

2.1 Explain significant global historical events that led to the development of the modern concept of public health.

2.2 Describe early public health efforts in Canada.

2.3 Discuss some of the historical milestones in the development of community health nursing in Canada.

TEACHING FOCUS

• The global roots of public health can be traced to the early mechanisms of environmental health and family and home care, as well as surveillance techniques.

• Early public health efforts in Canada were driven by the need to deal with epidemics such as smallpox, cholera and influenza.

• Lillian Wald’s work dramatically shaped public health nursing practice supporting visiting home nursing service in the 1920s.

• Eunice Dyke, a public health nursing pioneer in Canada in the early 1900s, played a key role in shaping public health nursing in Canada.

• The Weir Report of 1932 moved nursing education forward to include areas related to public health nursing practice.

• During the 1950s and 1960s, public health nursing moved from specialized nursing to general nursing services.

• In 1987, the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada (CHNAC) was formed and in 2003, they implemented the Canadian Community Health Nursing (CCHN) Standards of Practice (revised in 2011).

• Primary health care nurse practitioner programs were established across Canada in the 1990s to promote health and prevent disease.

KEY TERMS

• Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), p. 35

• Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA), p. 40

• Canadian Red Cross, p. 42

• Demonstration project, p. 42

• District nursing, p. 38

• Outpost nursing, p. 42

• Visiting nurse associations, p. 42

• Visiting nurses, p. 42

Note: Glossary available on Evolve.


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_____________________________________________ Chapter 2 The Evolution of Community Health Nursing in Canada 2



NURSING CURRICULUM STANDARDS

CASN

• Knowledge o Milestones in the History of Public Health and Community Health Nursing, pp. 48-51

• Leadership o Evidence-Informed Practice, p. 38. o Eunice Dyke: Public Health Nurse Pioneer, p. 42

CONCEPTS The following conceptual themes and specific concepts match those presented in Giddens, J. R. (2013). Concepts for nursing practice. St. Louis: Elsevier. The specific exemplars chosen and listed below for each concept have been tailored specifically to correspond to the Community Health Nursing in Canada, Third Canadian Edition textbook.

THEME: Attributes/Roles of Nurse

• Concept: Health Promotion o Exemplar: Milestones in CHN in Canada – 1970-1999, p. 45

THEME: Care Competencies

• Concept: Evidence o Exemplar: Evidence-Informed Practice, p. 38


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STUDENT CHAPTER RESOURCES

Chap. 2 READ – Textbook (pp. 43-53)

REVIEW – Evolve Resources

• Learning Objectives

• Glossary

• Toolbox

• Weblinks

ANSWER – Evolve Resources

• Chapter 2 NCLEX Quizzes

INSTRUCTOR CHAPTER RESOURCES

TB Test Bank

• To access the ExamView format, go to the Downloads section.

PPT Lecture Slides (Slides 1-19)

IC Image Collection

• (none in this chapter)

Other Annotated Chapter Outline Answers to Case Studies from Textbook Critical Analysis Questions (with answers) Critical Thinking Activities Critical View Questions


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IN-CLASS/ONLINE CASE STUDY

The local public health department provides CHN services in a rural community of 25 000 residents with

a large seniors population of retired farmers. The goal is to provide health promotion, surveillance, and

disease prevention services to the residents of the community. The CHN at the public health department

is preparing to offer an influenza vaccination clinic, which is being held at the mall. She has arranged to

have several volunteer nurses assist with the effort and is expecting to treat approximately 1 000

individuals.

1. Public health nursing emphasizes prevention of disease. What are the challenges associated with

such a goal? (Select all that apply.)

A. Increased costs and decreased funding.

B. Independence of problem solving and decision making.

C. It is easier to measure the effects of prevention.

D. It is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than the effects of treatment.

E. Emerging communicable diseases continue to be a health threat.

TEACHING STRATEGIES

CONTENT FOCUS CONTENT HIGHLIGHTS

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

CONTINUED GROWTH IN PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, p. 19

Provide a timeline of the major milestones in the development of public health nursing.

• Activity: Have students telephone or visit one voluntary agency in their community and describe its purpose, source of funding, major programs or services, and eligibility of recipients of services.

EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH EFFORTS IN CANADA, p. 39 MILESTONES IN CHN IN CANADA, p. 40

Provide an overview of public health nursing advancements.

• Online Activity: Have students form small groups and access the web pages of professional nursing organizations (e.g. provincial associations, CNA, ICN). Ask students to search the website for public health advancements by searching for one of the six public health activities e.g. health promotion, primary health care etc. Analyze the organizations impact on public health nursing advancement.


NURSINGTB.COM







Answer: A, D, E

Rationale: Nurses have worked in communities to improve the health status of individuals, families, and

populations, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. This work has not been easy for many

reasons. One reason is that it is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than it is to measure

the effects of treatment. In recent years as health care costs have grown, it has become increasingly

important to emphasize prevention. Part of the appeal of public health nursing is its autonomy of

practice and independence in problem solving and decision making. Many varied and challenging public

health nursing roles originated in the late 1800s when public health efforts focused on environmental

conditions such as sanitation, control of communicable diseases, education for health, prevention of

disease and disability, and care of aged and sick persons in their homes.

Reference: p. 39

2. Many of the varied and challenging public health nursing roles that originated in the late 1800s

continue to be issues today. Which factors continue to challenge public health nurses? (Select all

that apply.)

A. Control of sanitation

B. Care of the aged in the hospital setting

C. Environmental pollution control

D. Natural disasters

E. Emerging communicable diseases

Answer: C, D, E

Rationale: While the threats to health have changed over time, the foundational principles and goals of

public health nursing have remained the same. Communicable diseases continue to threaten the health

of the population. Even though environmental pollution in many residential areas has been reduced,

communities are now threatened by emissions from the many vehicles on their roads, overcrowded

garbage dumps, and pollutants in the air, water, and soil. Natural disasters continue to challenge public

health systems and, along with bioterrorism and the many human-made disasters, threaten to

overwhelm existing resources.

Reference: pp. 46-47


NURSINGTB.COM






2 Lesson Plan for

The Evolution of Community Health Nursing in Canada

OBJECTIVES

2.1 Explain significant global historical events that led to the development of the modern concept of public health.

2.2 Describe early public health efforts in Canada.

2.3 Discuss some of the historical milestones in the development of community health nursing in Canada.

TEACHING FOCUS

• The global roots of public health can be traced to the early mechanisms of environmental health and family and home care, as well as surveillance techniques.

• Early public health efforts in Canada were driven by the need to deal with epidemics such as smallpox, cholera, and influenza.

• Lillian Wald’s work dramatically shaped public health nursing practice supporting visiting home nursing service in the 1920s.

• Eunice Dyke, a public health nursing pioneer in Canada in the early 1900s, played a key role in shaping public health nursing in Canada.

• The Weir Report of 1932 moved nursing education forward to include areas related to public health nursing practice.

• During the 1950s and 1960s, public health nursing moved from specialized nursing to general nursing services.

• In 1987, the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada (CHNAC) was formed and in 2003, they implemented the Canadian Community Health Nursing (CCHN) Standards of Practice (revised in 2011).

• Primary health care nurse practitioner programs were established across Canada in the 1990s to promote health and prevent disease.

KEY TERMS

• Canadian Nurses Association (CNA), p. 35

• Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA), p. 40

• Canadian Red Cross, p. 42

• Demonstration project, p. 42

• District nursing, p. 38

• Outpost nursing, p. 42

• Visiting nurse associations, p. 42

• Visiting nurses, p. 42

Note: Glossary available on Evolve.


NURSINGTB.COM




____________________________________________ Chapter 2 The Evolution of Community Health Nursing in Canada 2



STANDARDS OF PRACTICE

• Knowledge-based Practice o Milestones in the History of Public Health and Community Health Nursing, pp. 48-51

• Professional Accountability and Responsibility o Evidence-Informed Practice, p. 38. o Eunice Dyke: Public Health Nurse Pioneer, p. 42

CONCEPTS The following conceptual themes and specific concepts match those presented in Giddens, J. R. (2013). Concepts for nursing practice. St. Louis: Elsevier. The specific exemplars chosen and listed below for each concept have been tailored specifically to correspond to the Community Health Nursing in Canada, Third Canadian Edition textbook.

THEME: Attributes/Roles of Nurse

• Concept: Health Promotion o Exemplar: Milestones in CHN in Canada – 1970-1999, p. 45

THEME: Care Competencies

• Concept: Evidence o Exemplar: Evidence-Informed Practice, p. 38


NURSINGTB.COM







STUDENT CHAPTER RESOURCES

Chap. 2 READ – Textbook (pp. 43-53)

REVIEW – Evolve Resources

• Learning Objectives

• Glossary

• Toolbox

• Weblinks

ANSWER – Evolve Resources

• Chapter 2 NCLEX Quizzes

INSTRUCTOR CHAPTER RESOURCES

TB Test Bank

• To access the ExamView format, go to the Downloads section.

PPT Lecture Slides (Slides 1-19)

IC Image Collection

• (none in this chapter)

Other Annotated Chapter Outline Answers to Case Studies from Textbook Critical Analysis Questions (with answers) Critical Thinking Activities Critical View Questions


NURSINGTB.COM







IN-CLASS/ONLINE CASE STUDY

The local public health department provides CHN services in a rural community of 25 000 residents with

a large seniors population of retired farmers. The goal is to provide health promotion, surveillance, and

disease prevention services to the residents of the community. The CHN at the public health department

is preparing to offer an influenza vaccination clinic, which is being held at the mall. She has arranged to

have several volunteer nurses assist with the effort and is expecting to treat approximately 1 000

individuals.

1. Public health nursing emphasizes prevention of disease. What are the challenges associated with

such a goal? (Select all that apply.)

A. Increased costs and decreased funding.

B. Independence of problem solving and decision making.

C. It is easier to measure the effects of prevention.

D. It is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than the effects of treatment.

E. Emerging communicable diseases continue to be a health threat.

TEACHING STRATEGIES

CONTENT FOCUS CONTENT HIGHLIGHTS

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

CONTINUED GROWTH IN PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, p. 19

Provide a timeline of the major milestones in the development of public health nursing.

• Activity: Have students telephone or visit one voluntary agency in their community and describe its purpose, source of funding, major programs or services, and eligibility of recipients of services.

EARLY PUBLIC HEALTH EFFORTS IN CANADA, p. 39 MILESTONES IN CHN IN CANADA, p. 40

Provide an overview of public health nursing advancements.

• Online Activity: Have students form small groups and access the web pages of professional nursing organizations (e.g. provincial associations, CNA, ICN). Ask students to search the website for public health advancements by searching for one of the six public health activities (e.g. health promotion, primary health care etc.). Analyze the organization's impact on public health nursing advancement.


NURSINGTB.COM







Answer: A, D, E

Rationale: Nurses have worked in communities to improve the health status of individuals, families, and

populations, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. This work has not been easy for many

reasons. One reason is that it is more difficult to measure the effects of prevention than it is to measure

the effects of treatment. In recent years as health care costs have grown, it has become increasingly

important to emphasize prevention. Part of the appeal of public health nursing is its autonomy of

practice and independence in problem solving and decision making. Many varied and challenging public

health nursing roles originated in the late 1800s when public health efforts focused on environmental

conditions such as sanitation, control of communicable diseases, education for health, prevention of

disease and disability, and care of aged and sick persons in their homes.

Reference: p. 39

2. Many of the varied and challenging public health nursing roles that originated in the late 1800s

continue to be issues today. Which factors continue to challenge public health nurses? (Select all

that apply.)

A. Control of sanitation

B. Care of the aged in the hospital setting

C. Environmental pollution control

D. Natural disasters

E. Emerging communicable diseases

Answer: C, D, E

Rationale: While the threats to health have changed over time, the foundational principles and goals of

public health nursing have remained the same. Communicable diseases continue to threaten the health

of the population. Even though environmental pollution in many residential areas has been reduced,

communities are now threatened by emissions from the many vehicles on their roads, overcrowded

garbage dumps, and pollutants in the air, water, and soil. Natural disasters continue to challenge public

health systems and, along with bioterrorism and the many human-made disasters, threaten to

overwhelm existing resources.

Reference: pp. 46-47


NURSINGTB.COM



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TEST BANK - NursingTB · 2.1 Explain significant global historical events that led to the development of the modern concept of public health. 2.2 Describe early public health efforts