Terry Fox 1

Terry Fox

Terry Fox

Terry Fox in Toronto during his Marathon of Hope cross-country run (July 1980)Born Terrance Stanley Fox

July 28, 1958Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Died June 28, 1981 (aged 22)New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada

Cause of death Metastatic osteosarcoma

Education Simon Fraser University

Known for Marathon of Hope

Title Companion of the Order of Canada

Terrance Stanley "Terry" Fox CC OD, (July 28, 1958 – June 28, 1981) was a Canadian humanitarian, athlete, andcancer research activist. In 1980, with one leg having been amputated, he embarked on a cross-Canada run to raisemoney and awareness for cancer research. Although the spread of his cancer eventually forced him to end his questafter 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi), and ultimately cost him his life, his efforts resulted in a lasting,worldwide legacy. The annual Terry Fox Run, first held in 1981, has grown to involve millions of participants inover 60 countries and is now the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research; over C$500 million has beenraised in his name.Fox was a distance runner and basketball player for his Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, high school and SimonFraser University. His right leg was amputated in 1977 after he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, though hecontinued to run using an artificial leg. He also played wheelchair basketball in Vancouver, winning three nationalchampionships.In 1980, he began the Marathon of Hope, a cross-country run to raise money for cancer research. Fox hoped to raiseone dollar for each of Canada's 24 million people. He began with little fanfare from St. John's, Newfoundland, inApril and ran the equivalent of a full marathon every day. Fox had become a national star by the time he reachedOntario; he made numerous public appearances with businessmen, athletes, and politicians in his efforts to raisemoney. He was forced to end his run outside of Thunder Bay when the cancer spread to his lungs. His hopes ofovercoming the disease and completing his marathon ended when he died nine months later.Fox was the youngest person ever named a Companion of the Order of Canada. He won the 1980 Lou Marsh Awardas the nation's top sportsman and was named Canada's Newsmaker of the Year in both 1980 and 1981. Considered anational hero, he has had many buildings, roads and parks named in his honour across the country.

Terry Fox 2

Early life and cancerTerry Fox was born on July 28, 1958, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, to Rolland "Rolly" Fox and Betty Fox. Rolly was aswitchman for the Canadian National Railway.[1] Terry had an elder brother, Fred, a younger brother, Darrell and ayounger sister, Judith.[2] His family moved to Surrey, British Columbia, in 1966, then settled in Port Coquitlam in1968.[2] His parents were dedicated to their family, and his mother was especially protective of her children; it wasthrough her that Fox developed his stubborn dedication to whatever task he committed to do.[3] His father recalledthat he was extremely competitive, noting that Terry hated to lose so much that he would continue at any activityuntil he succeeded.[4]

He was an enthusiastic athlete, playing soccer, rugby and baseball as a child.[5] His passion was for basketball andthough he stood only five feet tall and was a poor player at the time, Fox sought to make his school team in gradeeight. His physical education teacher and basketball coach at Mary Hill Junior High School felt he was better suitedto be a distance runner and encouraged him to take up the sport. Fox had no desire for cross-country running, buttook it up because he respected and wanted to please his coach.[6] He was determined to continue playing basketball,even if he was the last substitute on the team. Fox played only one minute in his grade eight season but dedicated hissummers to improving his play. He became a regular player in grade nine and earned a starting position in gradeten.[7] In grade 12, he won his high school's athlete of the year award jointly with his best friend Doug Alward.[2]

Though he was initially unsure if he wanted to go to university, Fox's mother convinced him to enrol at Simon FraserUniversity, where he studied kinesiology as a stepping stone to becoming a physical education teacher.[8] He triedout for the junior varsity basketball team, earning a spot ahead of more talented players due to his determination.[2]

On November 12, 1976, as Fox was driving home to Port Coquitlam, he became distracted by nearby bridgeconstruction, and crashed into the back of a pickup truck. While his car was left undriveable, Fox emerged with onlya sore right knee. He again felt pain in December, but chose to ignore it until the end of basketball season.[9] ByMarch 1977, the pain had intensified and he finally went to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, aform of cancer that often starts near the knees.[2] Fox believed his car accident weakened his knee and left itvulnerable to the disease, though his doctors argued there was no connection.[10] He was told that his leg had to beamputated, he would require chemotherapy treatment, and that recent medical advances meant he had a 50 percentchance of survival. Fox learned that two years before the figure would have been only 15 percent; the improvementin survival rates impressed on him the value of cancer research.[11]

With the help of an artificial leg, Fox was walking three weeks after the amputation.[2] He then progressed to playinggolf with his father.[12] Doctors were impressed with Fox's positive outlook, stating it contributed to his rapidrecovery.[13] He endured sixteen months of chemotherapy and found the time he spent in the British ColumbiaCancer Control Agency facility difficult as he watched fellow cancer patients suffer and die from the disease.[14] Foxended his treatment with new purpose: he felt he owed his survival to medical advances and wished to live his life ina way that would help others find courage.[15]

In the summer of 1977 Rick Hansen, working with the Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association, invited Fox to tryout for his wheelchair basketball team.[16] Although he was undergoing chemotherapy treatments at the time, Fox'senergy impressed Hansen.[2] Less than two months after learning how to play the sport, Fox was named a member ofthe team for the national championship in Edmonton.[17] He won three national titles with the team,[2] and wasnamed an all-star by the North American Wheelchair Basketball Association in 1980.[18]

Terry Fox 3

Marathon of Hope

Terry Fox statue in Beacon Hill Park, Victoria,British Columbia

The night before his cancer surgery, Fox had been given an articleabout Dick Traum, the first amputee to complete the New York CityMarathon.[2] The article inspired him; he embarked on a 14-monthtraining program, telling his family he planned to compete in amarathon himself.[1] In private, he devised a more extensive plan. Hishospital experiences had made Fox angry at how little money wasdedicated to cancer research. He intended to run the length of Canadain the hope of increasing cancer awareness, a goal he initially onlydivulged to his friend Douglas Alward.[19]

Fox ran with an unusual gait, as he was required to hop-step on hisgood leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg requiredto reset after each step.[20] He found the training painful as theadditional pressure he had to place on both his good leg and his stumpled to bone bruises, blisters and intense pain. Fox found that after about20 minutes of each run, he crossed a pain threshold and the run becameeasier.[21]

In August 1979, Fox competed in a marathon in Prince George, BritishColumbia. He finished in last place, ten minutes behind his closest competitor, but his effort was met with tears andapplause from the other participants.[2] Following the marathon, he revealed his full plan to his family.[22] Hismother discouraged him, angering Fox, though she later came to support the project. She recalled, "He said, 'Ithought you'd be one of the first persons to believe in me.' And I wasn't. I was the first person who let him down".[23]

Fox initially hoped to raise $1 million,[23] then $10 million, but later sought to raise $1 for each of Canada's 24million people.[24]

PreparationOn October 15, 1979, Fox sent a letter to the Canadian Cancer Society in which he announced his goal and appealedfor funding. He stated that he would "conquer" his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to"crawl every last mile". Explaining why he wanted to raise money for research, Fox described his personalexperience of cancer treatment:

I soon realized that that would only be half my quest, for as I went through the 16 months of the physically andemotionally draining ordeal of chemotherapy, I was rudely awakened by the feelings that surrounded andcoursed through the cancer clinic. There were faces with the brave smiles, and the ones who had given upsmiling. There were feelings of hopeful denial, and the feelings of despair. My quest would not be a selfishone. I could not leave knowing these faces and feelings would still exist, even though I would be set free frommine. Somewhere the hurting must stop....and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.[25]

Fox made no promises that his efforts would lead to a cure for cancer, but he closed his letter with the statement:"We need your help. The people in cancer clinics all over the world need people who believe in miracles. I am not adreamer, and I am not saying that this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer. I believe inmiracles. I have to."[25] The Cancer Society was skeptical of his dedication, but agreed to support Fox once he hadacquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attemptthe run. Fox was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy — an enlarged heart — a condition commonlyassociated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider hiscondition a significant concern. They endorsed his participation when he promised that he would stop immediately ifhe began to experience any heart problems.[26]

Terry Fox 4

A second letter was sent to several corporations seeking donations for a vehicle, running shoes and to cover the othercosts of the run.[27] Fox sent other letters asking for grants to buy a running leg. He observed that while he wasgrateful to be alive following his cancer treatment, "I remember promising myself that, should I live, I would rise upto meet this new challenge [of fundraising for cancer research] face to face and prove myself worthy of life,something too many people take for granted."[27] The Ford Motor Company donated a camper van,[3] while ImperialOil contributed fuel, and Adidas his running shoes.[28] Fox turned away any company that requested he endorse theirproducts and refused any donation that carried conditions as he insisted that nobody was to profit from his run.[3]

Trek across Canada

Fox's path across eastern Canada. He began at St.John's on the east coast and ran west.

The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right legin the Atlantic Ocean near St. John's, Newfoundland, and filled twolarge bottles with ocean water. He intended to keep one as a souvenirand pour the other into the Pacific Ocean upon completing his journeyat Victoria, British Columbia.[24] Fox was supported on his run byDoug Alward, who drove the van and cooked meals.[28]

Fox was met with gale force winds, heavy rain and a snowstorm in thefirst days of his run.[1] He was initially disappointed with the receptionhe received, but was heartened upon arriving in Port aux Basques,Newfoundland, where the town's 10,000 residents presented him with adonation of over $10,000.[28] Throughout the trip, Fox frequentlyexpressed his anger and frustration to those he saw as impeding the run, and he fought regularly with Alward. By thetime they reached Nova Scotia, they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell,then 17, to join them as a buffer.[23] Fox left the Maritimes on June 10 and faced new challenges entering Quebecdue to his group's inability to speak French[29] and drivers who continually forced him off the road.[30] Fox arrived inMontreal on June 22, one-third of the way through his 8,000-kilometre (5,000 mi) journey, having collected over$200,000 in donations.[20] Around this time, Terry Fox's run caught the attention of Isadore Sharp who was thefounder and CEO of Four Seasons Hotel and Resorts—and who had lost a son to melanoma in 1978 just a year afterTerry's diagnosis.[31] Sharp was intrigued by the story of a one-legged kid "trying to do the impossible" and runacross the country; so he offered food and accommodation at his hotels en route. When Terry was discouragedbecause so few people were making donations, Sharp pledged $2 a mile [to the run] and persuaded close to 1,000other corporations to do the same.[32] Sharp's encouragement persuaded Terry to continue with the Marathon ofHope. Convinced by the Canadian Cancer Society that arriving in Ottawa for Canada Day would aid fundraisingefforts, he remained in Montreal for a few extra days.[30]

Terry Fox 5

Memorial at Mile 0 in St. John's

Fox crossed into Ontario at the town of Hawkesbury on the last Saturday in June.He was met by a brass band and thousands of residents who lined the streets tocheer him on, while the Ontario Provincial Police gave him an escort throughoutthe province.[33] Despite the sweltering heat of summer, he continued to run 26miles (42 km) per day.[29] On his arrival in Ottawa, Fox met Governor GeneralEd Schreyer and Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and was the guest of honour atnumerous sporting events in the city.[33] In front of 16,000 fans, he performed aceremonial kickoff at a Canadian Football League game and was given astanding ovation. Fox's journal reflected his growing excitement at the receptionhe had received as he began to understand how deeply moved Canadians were byhis efforts.[34]

A crowd of 10,000 people met Fox in Toronto, where he was honoured in NathanPhillips Square. As he ran to the square, he was joined on the road by many

people, including National Hockey League star Darryl Sittler, who presented Fox with his 1980 All-Star Gamejersey. The Cancer Society estimated it collected $100,000 in donations that day alone.[2] As he continued throughsouthern Ontario, he was met by Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr who presented him with a cheque for $25,000.Fox considered meeting Orr the highlight of his journey.[2]

"Everybody seems to have given up hope of trying. I haven't. It isn't easy and it isn't supposed to be, but I'm accomplishingsomething. How many people give up a lot to do something good. I'm sure we would have found a cure for cancer 20 years ago if wehad really tried"

Fox speaking outside of Ottawa[4]

As Fox's fame grew, the Cancer Society scheduled him to attend more functions and give more speeches.[35] Foxattempted to accommodate any request that he believed would raise money, no matter how far out of his way it tookhim.[36] He bristled, however, at what he felt were media intrusions into his personal life, for example when theToronto Star reported that he had gone on a date.[37] Fox was left unsure whom he could trust in the media afternegative articles began to emerge, including one by the Globe and Mail that characterized him as a "tyrannicalbrother" who verbally abused Darrell and claimed he was running because he held a grudge against a doctor who hadmisdiagnosed his condition, allegations he referred to as "trash".[38]

The physical demands of running a marathon every day took its toll on Fox's body. Apart from the rest days inMontreal taken at the request of the Cancer Society, he refused to take a day off, even on his 22nd birthday.[39] Hefrequently suffered shin splints and an inflamed knee. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzyspells.[40] At one point, he suffered a soreness in his ankle that would not go away. Although he feared he haddeveloped a stress fracture, he ran for three more days before seeking medical attention, and was then relieved tolearn it was tendonitis and could be treated with painkillers.[41] Fox rejected calls for him to seek regular medicalcheckups,[42] and dismissed suggestions he was risking his future health.[38]

In spite of his immense recuperative capacity,[43] Fox found that by late August he was exhausted before he beganhis day's run.[44] On September 1, outside of Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop briefly after he suffered an intensecoughing fit and experienced pains in his chest. Unsure what to do, he resumed running as the crowds along thehighway shouted out their encouragement.[45] A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, heasked Alward to drive him to a hospital. He feared immediately that he had run his last kilometer.[46] The next day,Fox held a tearful press conference during which he announced that his cancer had returned and spread to his lungs.He was forced to end his run after 143 days and 5,373 kilometres (3,339 mi).[47] Fox refused offers to complete therun in his stead, stating that he wanted to complete his marathon himself.[2]

Terry Fox 6

National response

Terry Fox statue in Ottawa

Fox had raised $1.7 million by the time he was forced to abandon theMarathon. He realized that the nation was about to see theconsequences of the disease, and hoped that this might lead to greatergenerosity.[48] A week after his run ended, the CTV TelevisionNetwork organized a nationwide telethon in support of Fox and theCanadian Cancer Society.[49] Supported by Canadian and internationalcelebrities, the five-hour event raised $10.5 million.[2] Among thedonations were $1 million each by the governments of BritishColumbia and Ontario, the former to create a new research institute tobe founded in Fox's name, and the latter an endowment given to theOntario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.[50] Donationscontinued throughout the winter, and by the following April, over $23million had been raised.[51]

Supporters and well wishers from around the world inundated Fox withletters and tokens of support. At one point, he was receiving more mailthan the rest of Port Coquitlam combined.[52] Such was his fame thatone letter addressed simply to "Terry Fox, Canada" was successfullydelivered.[53]

In September 1980 he was invested in a special ceremony as a Companion of the Order of Canada; he was theyoungest person to be so honoured.[54][55] The Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia named him to the Order ofthe Dogwood, the province's highest award.[56] Canada's Sports Hall of Fame commissioned a permanent exhibit,[57]

and Fox was named the winner of the Lou Marsh Award for 1980 as the nation's top athlete.[58] He was namedCanada's 1980 Newsmaker of the Year. The Ottawa Citizen described the national response to his marathon as "oneof the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada's history".[59]

DeathIn the following months, Fox received multiple chemotherapy treatments; however, the disease continued tospread.[60] As his condition worsened, Canadians hoped for a miracle and Pope John Paul II sent a telegram sayingthat he was praying for Fox.[61] Doctors turned to experimental interferon treatments, though their effectivenessagainst osteogenic sarcoma was unknown.[62] He suffered an adverse reaction to his first treatment,[63] but continuedthe program after a period of rest.[64]

Fox was re-admitted to the Royal Columbian Hospital in New Westminster on June 19, 1981, with chest congestionand developed pneumonia.[65] He fell into a coma and died at 4:35 a.m. PDT on June 28, 1981, with his family byhis side.[66][67] The Government of Canada ordered flags across the country lowered to half staff, an unprecedentedhonour that was usually reserved for statesmen.[68] Addressing the House of Commons, Trudeau said, "It occurs veryrarely in the life of a nation that the courageous spirit of one person unites all people in the celebration of his life andin the mourning of his death ... We do not think of him as one who was defeated by misfortune but as one whoinspired us with the example of the triumph of the human spirit over adversity".[69]

His funeral, attended by 40 relatives and 200 guests,[69] was broadcast on national television; hundreds ofcommunities across Canada also held memorial services,[70] a public memorial service was held on Parliament Hillin Ottawa,[71] and Canadians again overwhelmed Cancer Society offices with donations.[72]

Terry Fox 7

Legacy

Participants of the 2007 Terry Fox Run in Milan,Italy

Fox remains a prominent figure in Canadian folklore. Hisdetermination united the nation; people from all walks of life lent theirsupport to his run and his memory inspires pride in all regions of thecountry.[73] A 1999 national survey named him as Canada's greatesthero,[74] and he finished second to Tommy Douglas in the 2004Canadian Broadcasting Corporation program The GreatestCanadian.[75] Fox's heroic status has been attributed to his image as anordinary person attempting a remarkable and inspirational feat.[76][77]

Others have argued that Fox's greatness derives from his audaciousvision, his determined pursuit of his goal, his ability to overcomechallenges such as his lack of experience and the very loneliness of his

venture.[76][78] As Fox's advocate on The Greatest Canadian, media personality Sook-Yin Lee compared him to aclassic hero, Phidippides, the runner who delivered the news of the Battle of Marathon before dying, and assertedthat Fox "embodies the most cherished Canadian values: compassion, commitment, perseverance". She highlightedthe juxtaposition between his celebrity, brought about by the unforgettable image he created, and his rejection of thetrappings of that celebrity.[79] Typically amongst Canadian icons, Fox is an unconventional hero, admired but notwithout flaws.[80] An obituary in the Canadian Family Physician emphasized his humanity and noted that hisanger—at his diagnosis, at press misrepresentations and at those he saw as encroaching on his independence—spokeagainst ascribing sainthood for Fox, and thus placed his achievements within the reach of all.[76]

Attitudes to disabilityFox expressed a robust attitude to his situation: he refused to regard himself as disabled,[81] and would not allowanyone to pity him, telling a Toronto radio station that he found life more "rewarding and challenging" since he hadlost his leg.[76] His feat helped redefine Canadian views of disability and the inclusion of the disabled insociety.[82][83] Fox's actions increased the visibility of people with disabilities,[83][84] and in addition influenced theattitudes of those with disabilities, by showing them disability portrayed in a positive light.[83] Rick Hansencommented that the run challenged society to focus on ability rather than disability. "What was perceived as alimitation became a great opportunity. People with disabilities started looking at things differently. They came awaywith huge pride", he wrote.[85]

In contrast, the narrative surrounding Fox has been critiqued as illustrating the media's focus on stereotypedportrayals of the heroic and extraordinary achievements of people with disabilities, rather than more mundaneaccomplishments.[86][87] Actor Alan Toy noted "Sure, it raised money for cancer research and sure it showed thehuman capacity for achievement. But a lot of disabled people are made to feel like failures if they haven't donesomething extraordinary. They may be bankers or factory workers – proof enough of their usefulness to society. Dowe have to be 'supercrips' in order to be valid? And if we're not super, are we invalid?"[86] The media's idealizationof Fox has also been critiqued for emphasizing an individualistic approach to illness and disability, in which thebody is a machine to be mastered, rather than the social model of disability, where societal attitudes and barriers toinclusion play a prominent role in determining who is disabled.[88][89]

Terry Fox 8

Terry Fox RunOne of Fox's earliest supporters was Isadore Sharp, founder of the Four Seasons Hotels. Sharp had lost his own sonto cancer and offered Fox and his companions free accommodation at his hotels.[2] He donated $10,000 andchallenged 999 other businesses to do the same.[90] Sharp also proposed an annual fundraising run in Fox's name.Fox agreed, but insisted that the runs be non-competitive. There were to be no winners or losers, and anyone whoparticipated could run, walk or ride.[91] Sharp faced opposition to the project. The Cancer Society feared that a fallrun would detract from its traditional April campaigns, while other charities believed that an additional fundraiserwould leave less money for their causes.[92] Sharp persisted, and he, the Four Seasons Hotels and the Fox familyorganized the first Terry Fox Run on September 13, 1981.[91]

Over 300,000 people took part and raised $3.5 million in the first Terry Fox Run.[90] Schools across Canada wereurged to join the second run, held on September 19, 1982.[93] School participation has continued since, evolving intothe National School Run Day.[94] The runs, which raised over $20 million in its first six years,[92] grew into aninternational event as over one million people in 60 countries took part in 1999, raising $15 million that yearalone.[95] By the Terry Fox Run's 25th anniversary, more than three million people were taking part annually. Grantsfrom the Terry Fox Foundation, which organizes the runs, have helped Canadian scientists make numerous advancesin cancer research.[96] The Terry Fox Run is the world's largest one-day fundraiser for cancer research,[97] and over$500 million has been raised in his name.[98] The 30th Terry Fox Run was held September 19, 2010.[99]

Honours

Memorial erected outside of Thunder Bay on theTrans Canada Highway near the spot where Fox

was forced to end his marathon.

The physical memorials in Canada named after Fox include:[100]

• Approximately 32 roads and streets, including the Terry FoxCourage Highway near Thunder Bay, near where Fox ended his runand where an oversized statue of him was erected as amonument;[101]

• 14 schools, including a new school in a suburb of Montreal that wasrenamed Terry Fox Elementary School shortly after he died,[102]

and the Port Coquitlam high school, from which he had graduated,which was renamed Terry Fox Secondary School on 18 January1986;[103]

•• 14 other buildings, including many athletic centres and the TerryFox Research Institute in Vancouver;

• Seven statues, including the Terry Fox Monument in Ottawa, which was the genesis of The Path of Heroes, afederal government initiative that seeks to honour the people that shaped the nation;[104]

•• nine fitness trails;• A previously unnamed mountain in the Canadian Rockies in the Selwyn range, which was named Mount Terry

Fox by the government of British Columbia;[105] the area around it is now known as Mount Terry Fox ProvincialPark;

• The "Terry Fox Fountain of Hope" was installed in 1982 on the historic grounds of Rideau Hall, the officialresidence of the Governor General of Canada;[106]

• The Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker CCGS Terry Fox, which was commissioned in 1983; and[107]

• In 2011, a series of bronze sculptures of Fox in motion, designed by author Douglas Coupland and depicting Foxrunning toward the Pacific Ocean, was unveiled outside of BC Place in downtown Vancouver.[108]

Shortly after his death, Fox was named the Newsmaker of the Year for 1981,[109] and Canada Post announced the production of a commemorative stamp in 1981, bypassing its traditionally held position that stamps honouring people should not be created until ten years after their deaths.[110] British rock star Rod Stewart was so moved by the

Terry Fox 9

Marathon of Hope that he was inspired to write and dedicate the song "Never Give Up on a Dream" — found on his1981 album Tonight I'm Yours — to Fox. Stewart also called his 1981–1982 tour of Canada the "Terry FoxTour".[111]

The Terry Fox Hall of Fame was established in 1994 to recognize individuals that have made contributions thatimproved the quality of life of disabled people.[104][112] The Terry Fox Laboratory research centre was established inVancouver to conduct leading edge research into the causes and potential cures for cancer.The Royal Canadian Mint produced a special dollar coin in 2005 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of theMarathon of Hope. It was their first regular circulation coin to feature a Canadian.[113]

In 2008, Terry Fox was named a National Historic Person of Canada, a recognition given by the Canadiangovernment to those persons who are considered to have played a nationally significant role in the history of thecountry. Fox's designation was due to his status as an "enduring icon", his personal qualities, and for the manner inwhich the Marathon of Hope had captivated the country and resonated deeply with Canadians.[114]

Fox's mother, Betty Fox, was one of eight people to carry the Olympic Flag into BC Place Stadium at the openingceremonies of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.[115] The games saw the Terry Fox Award bestowed onOlympic athletes who embodied Fox's characteristics of determination and humility in the face of adversity.[116]

FilmsFox's story was dramatized in the 1983 biopic The Terry Fox Story. Produced by Home Box Office, the film aired asa television movie in the United States and had a theatrical run in Canada.[117] The film starred amputee actor EricFryer and Robert Duvall, and was the first film made exclusively for pay television.[118] The movie received mixedbut generally positive reviews.[117] However, it was criticized by Fox's family over how it portrayed his temper.[119]

The Terry Fox Story was nominated for eight Genie Awards, and won five, including Best Picture and BestActor.[120]

A second movie, titled Terry, focused on the Marathon of Hope, was produced by the CTV Television Network in2005. Fox was portrayed by Shawn Ashmore. He is not an amputee; digital editing was used to superimpose aprosthesis over his real leg. The film was endorsed by Fox's family, and portrayed his attitude more positively thanthe first movie.[119] Canadian National Basketball Association star Steve Nash, who himself was inspired by Foxwhen he was a child, directed a 2010 documentary Into the Wind, which aired on ESPN as part of its 30 for 30series.[121][122]

Steve Fonyo and Rick HansenTerry Fox was not the first person to attempt to run across Canada. Mark Kent crossed the country in 1974 as heraised money for the Canadian team at the 1976 Summer Olympics.[1][123] While he lived, Fox refused to let anyoneelse complete the Marathon of Hope, having promised to finish it himself once he recovered.[91] Steve Fonyo, an18-year-old who suffered from the same form of cancer and who also had a leg amputated, sought in 1984 toduplicate Fox's run, calling his effort the "Journey for Lives".[124] After leaving St. John's on March 31, Fonyoreached the point where Fox was forced to end his marathon at the end of November,[125] and completed thetranscontinental run on May 29, 1985.[126] The Journey for Lives raised over $13 million for cancer research.[127]

Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen, who had recruited Fox to play on his wheelchair basketball team in 1977,was similarly inspired by the Marathon of Hope.[128] Hansen, who first considered circumnavigating the globe in hiswheelchair in 1974, began the Man in Motion World Tour in 1985 with the goal of raising $10 million towardsresearch into spinal cord injuries.[129] As Fonyo had, Hansen paused at the spot Fox's run ended to honour the laterunner.[101] Hansen completed his world tour in May 1987 after 792 days and 40,073 kilometres (24,900 mi);[130] hetravelled through 34 countries and raised over $26 million.[131]

Terry Fox 10

ReferencesFootnotes[1] Scrivener, Leslie (1980-04-28). "Terry's running for the cancer society" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=kBQyAAAAIBAJ&

sjid=aaQFAAAAIBAJ& pg=1162,4206618). Montreal Gazette: p. 21. . Retrieved 2010-02-25.[2] "The Greatest Canadian: Terry Fox" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080704121456/ http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/

fox-terry. html). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ greatest/ top_ten/ nominee/ fox-terry.html) on July 4, 2008. . Retrieved 2010-02-25.

[3] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 13–14.[4] Inwood, Damian (2005-09-18). "Terry Fox: 25 years; Celebrating his dream: a 12-page special section honouring the 25th Annual Terry Fox

Run". Vancouver Province.[5] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 16–17.[6][6] Scrivener, 2000, p. 18.[7] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 19–20.[8][8] Scrivener, 2000, p. 23.[9][9] Scrivener, 2000, p. 25.[10][10] Scrivener, 2000, p. 27.[11][11] Scrivener, 2000, p. 30.[12][12] Scrivener, 2000, p. 36.[13][13] Scrivener, 2000, p. 35.[14] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 37–38.[15][15] Scrivener, 2000, p. 41.[16] Edwards, Peter (1987-01-03). "Man in Motion set to honour pal Terry Fox". Toronto Star: p. A13.[17][17] Scrivener, 2000, p. 45.[18][18] Scrivener, 2000, p. 47.[19][19] Scrivener, 2000, p. 58.[20] "Runner wants to cross nation on one leg" (http:/ / news. google. ca/ newspapers?id=2FQ0AAAAIBAJ& sjid=abkFAAAAIBAJ&

pg=3901,1065955). Montreal Gazette: p. 1. 1980-06-23. . Retrieved 2010-02-26.[21][21] Scrivener, 2000, p. 57.[22][22] Coupland, 2005, p. 29.[23] MacQueen, Ken (2005-04-04). "25th anniversary of Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope" (http:/ / www. canadianencyclopedia. ca/ index.

cfm?PgNm=TCE& Params=M1ARTM0012749). Macleans Magazine (Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada). . Retrieved 2010-03-20.[24] "Terry Fox's legacy of hope" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ background/ fox_terry/ ). Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2006-06-27. .

Retrieved 2010-02-25.[25] Cosentino, Frank (1990). Not bad, eh?: great moments in Canadian sports history (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=5AagweEwvVgC).

General Store Publishing House. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-919431-29-4. .[26] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 69–70.[27][27] Scrivener, 2000, p. 63.[28][28] Murphy, 2005, p. 33.[29][29] Scrivener, 2000, p. 232.[30][30] Scrivener, 2000, p. 97.[31] Sandra Martin, Obituary (http:/ / www. theglobeandmail. com/ news/ national/

betty-fox-kept-marathon-of-hope-pure-and-terry-foxs-legacy-alive/ article2066430/ page3/ ): Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope pure andTerry Fox’s legacy alive, The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011

[32] Martin, Obituary: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope Pure..., The Globe and Mail, Friday June 17, 2011[33][33] Murphy, 2005, p. 34.[34][34] Scrivener, 2000, p. 118.[35][35] Scrivener, 2000, p. 123.[36][36] Coupland, 2005, p. 91.[37][37] Scrivener, 2000, p. 130.[38][38] Scrivener, 2000, p. 144.[39][39] Scrivener, 2000, p. 138.[40][40] Coupland, 2005, p. 47.[41][41] Scrivener, 2000, p. 147.[42] Harper, Tim (1980-07-30). "Medical check 'stupid', cancer marathoner scoffs" (http:/ / news. google. ca/

newspapers?id=EaMyAAAAIBAJ& sjid=ie4FAAAAIBAJ& pg=980,3731630). Ottawa Citizen: p. 1. . Retrieved 2010-02-28.[43][43] Scrivener, 2000, p. 133.[44][44] Scrivener, 2000, p. 150.[45] Scrivener, 2000, pp. 153–154.

Terry Fox 11

[46][46] Scrivener, 2000, p. 155.[47] "Terry Fox's legacy of hope" (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ news/ background/ fox_terry/ ). CBC News Online: p. 1. 2006-06-27. . Retrieved

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Bibliography• Scrivener, Leslie (2000-09-01). Terry Fox: His Story (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=XG5glHczVt0C). Toronto:

McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-8019-7.• Coupland, Douglas (2005). Terry. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. ISBN 978-1-55365-113-0.• Murphy, Angela (2005-06-30). Great Canadians (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=y_M3GwAACAAJ). Canada:

Folklore Publishing. ISBN 978-1-894864-46-6.• Rak, Julie; Aspa Kotsopoulos (2008-08-01). "Canadian Idols? CBC's The Greatest Canadian as Celebrity

History" (http:/ / books. google. com/ ?id=UIkaWHBUZywC). Programming Reality. Canada: Wilfrid LaurierUniversity Press. ISBN 978-1-55458-010-1.

Terry Fox 14

External links• The Terry Fox Foundation (http:/ / www. terryfox. org/ )• CBC Digital Archives – Terry Fox 25: Reliving the Marathon of Hope (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ archives/

categories/ sports/ exploits/ terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope/topic---terry-fox-25-reliving-the-marathon-of-hope. html)

• BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum (http:/ / www. bcsportshalloffame. com)• The Canadian Encyclopedia, The Courage of Terry Fox (http:/ / thecanadianencyclopedia. com/ featured/

the-courage-of-terry-fox)

Article Sources and Contributors 15

Article Sources and ContributorsTerry Fox  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=522024736  Contributors: 12345pie face man, 123abc0, 149AFK, 23skidoo, 4twenty42o, 7, APT, ASOTMKX, Abberley2,Acroterion, Adam Bishop, Adambro, Aitias, Alai, Alansohn, Alchemist Jack, Ale jrb, Alexf, Alexsautographs, Alias Flood, Allstarecho, Alma Pater, Ameliorate!, Andibrunt, Andonic,Angelo.romano, Anger22, Anna Lincoln, Another Believer, Antesjosh, Antonio Lopez, Apparition87, Arbero, Arch dude, Arctic.gnome, Arda Xi, Argyll Lassie, ArielGold, Arrowhead2006,Artyboy, Assassinator980, Avnjay, Avoided, Ayubccancerbcca, Azumanga1, Bachrach44, Balcer, BarretB, Bart133, Basawala, Bbsrock, Beachie2k, Bearcat, Bearian, Bellagio99, Bellhalla, BenDenham, Bender235, Bgpaulus, Bib, BlueStarz, Bluerasberry, Bobblehead, Bobet, Bobo192, Bodkin1, Boogie2007, BoojiBoy, Boyboyboy951, BrandonsLe, Brenont, Brett221,Buchanan-Hermit, Bucketsofg, Bueller 007, C777, CJ5112, CLW, CWenger, CWood, Cafe Nervosa, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Canada Jack, CanadianCaesar, Canderson7, Cangus,Canuck85, Caps910, Carabran, Careless hx, Cat6, Cavenba, Cebra, CharlieEchoTango, CharlotteWebb, Chris the speller, Christina Silverman, Christopher Parham, Chun-hian, Clarityfiend,Clayoquot, Closedmouth, Cmacd123, Cmdrjameson, Cmsb705, Codyrizzo23, Cometstyles, CommonsDelinker, ConCompS, Connormah, Conrad.Irwin, Corysakai, Courcelles, Cowscowscows,Cquan, CrazyC83, CryptoDerk, Crystallina, Curps, Cxz111, CyclopsScott, CzarNick, CzechAnada, D, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DDima, DJ Clayworth, DO'Neil, Dabomb87, Dale Arnett,DandyDan2007, DanielCD, Dantheman531, DarkAudit, DarkFalls, Darynthe, Das Nerd, David.Mestel, Davis160, Debresser, Denisarona, DerHexer, Derekwill500, Dfox123, Dger, Dgw,Diannaa, Difu Wu, DisambiguationGuy, Discospinster, Djamieson, Djsasso, Dl2000, Dogposter, Doradus, Dostal, DoubleBlue, Dougz1, DragonflySixtyseven, Drjamesaustin, Duder677, Dweller,E3722, ESkog, Earl Andrew, Earlypsychosis, Edward321, Edwy, Egil, Eliz81, Enwrshan590, EoGuy, Erich Schmidt, EstebanF, Etincelles, Everyking, Exert, Fair Deal, Faker100, Fanatix,Fawcett5, FeanorStar7, Fencer95, Fieldday-sunday, Fiftytwo thirty, Firaga01, Forbin011, Formeruser-81, Foxdarrell, Franamax, Francs2000, Fredrik, Fromthevaults, FrozenPencil, Frymaster,Fvw, Gamahucheur, Gareth Owen, Garethg4, GiantSnowman, Giants2008, Gilliam, Glane23, Glennvogelsang, Gnawre, GoingBatty, GoldKanga, GorillaWarfare, Gpollock,GreatWhiteNortherner, Greeves, Greg Salter, GregAsche, Grmagne, Grstain, Guanaco, Gun4hire, Gurch, Gurchzilla, Gw19, Gökhan, HJ Mitchell, Hailey C. Shannon, HalfShadow,HamburgerRadio, HandsomeFella, Hanfuzzy, Harmil, Harperbruce, Hawaiian717, Headbomb, Helpihaveh1n1, Helplessstar88207, Hobartimus, Homie333, Hu12, Husond, IGeMiNix,Indefatigable, Interchangeable, Interested2, Iridescent, IronGargoyle, Islander, Iuio, Iune, J2xshandy, JDH73, JDP90, JForget, JNW, JSpung, James086, Jarkko101, Jarkko102, Jaxl, JayJasper,Jaysweet, Jcbarr, Jcmurphy, Jeff G., Jeffnewfeld, Jeffrey O. 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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TerryFoxToronto19800712.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Jeremy GilbertFile:Terry Fox Denkmal.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Denkmal.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Originaluploader was Hans-Peter Eckhardt at de.wikipedia (Original text : Hans-Peter Eckhardt 17:11, 3. Jun. 2007 (CEST))File:Marathon of Hope path.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Marathon_of_Hope_path.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Canada_pol99_Grise_Fiord.JPG:derivative work: Resolute (talk)File:Terry Fox memorial, St. John's.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_memorial,_St._John's.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: D. Gordon E. RobertsonFile:Terry Fox Statue db.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Statue_db.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Alma Pater,Dickbauch, Jkelly, Man vyi, Skeezix1000, Themedpark, Wknight94, Wst, Wutsje, 3 anonymous editsFile:Terry Fox Run Milan.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox_Run_Milan.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: AlessioBragadini from Milan, ItalyFile:Terry Fox.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Terry_Fox.jpg  License: GNU Free Documentation License  Contributors: Richard Keeling

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