Tenure Security, Urban Services and Slum Upgrading

The Case of Ribeira Azul, Bahia, Brazil

Ivo Imparato, World Bank, LCSUW

November 2007

The city of Salvador

• Number of slums: 357

• People living in slums: 800,000 (ca. 30% of city’s population)

Salvador, Bahia - Brazil

Chronology

1970’s Initial interventions of the Government of Bahia in the area of Alagados, Salvador

1993 Start of systematic collaboration between the State Government of Bahia and the italian NGO AVSI, with the support of the Italian Government and the contribution of the World Bank (Novos Alagados Project – 15,000 beneficiaries)

1996 Istanbul – Habitat II – UN Conference on Human Settlements

1995 Viver Melhor I Program, with financial support from the Federal level (Caixa), Habitar Brasil/IADB, Produr/World Bank and the State Government of Bahia

1998 Scaling up of Novos Alagados Project in partnership between the State Government of Bahia, AVSI and the World Bank – Produr loan.

Chronology

1999 Start of the implementation of Ribeira Azul Program

Constitution of the Cities Alliance by World Bank and UN-Habitat; Italy was a founding member

2001 Start of Cities Alliance Technical and Social Assistance Project to Ribeira Azul Program (135,000 beneficiaries)

Objective:Integrated Program for the reduction of urban poverty, aiming to improve the quality of life of 135,000 people

Actions:• Urban upgrading and environmental

recovery;

• Resettlement of stilt dwellers;

• Home improvement;

• Construction and restructuring of community and social facilities;

• Human development sub-projects

Ribeira Azul Program

FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM AREA:

Ribeira Azul Program

Corresponding to 22% of all informal settlement residents in Salvador

Social intervention area: ca. 4 km2

Population......: 135,000

Dwellings........: 40,000

Physical intervention area

Stilt houses...................: 3,500Dwellings on dry land...: 9,000

from stilt houses to urban neighbourhood

1996 2003

Qualitative change

Source: Results Evaluation Report, 2006

3%31%Houses without toilets

84%21%Access to sewerage system

88%72%Access to eletricity

91%37%Access to water system

80% 50%Garbage collection

20062000Service

Ribeira Azul ProgramAreas with concluded or on-going works

Relocation of stilt dwellers

Programa Ribeira Azul

Stilt dwellings in 1994............................................................3,500

Households relocated from stilt dwellings.............................2,700

Households still to be relocated...............................................800

Program Features

Scaling up

Participatory action: the community and local associations as partners of a program for the reduction of urban poverty;

Institutional strengthening;

Integrated and area-based infrastructure and urban development interventions;

Facing slum upgrading issues and problems which can be systematized and disseminated;

Robust monitoring and evaluation system

Ribeira Azul Partnership

70

Local Associations

Ministérodas Cidades

2003 Definition of strategic principles for the new Viver Melhor II Program, replicating the methodology applied in Ribeira Azul in other areas of the State of Bahia

2005 Approval of the World Bank loan and approval of an Italian-funded Cities Alliance grant for Technical and Methodologial Assistance to Viver Melhor II Project (PAT)

2006 Start-up of Viver Melhor II Project and PAT activities

1994

Novos Alagados(Salvador)

2001

Ribeira Azul(Salvador)

2006

Viver Melhor(Bahia)

Integrated approach

Macro-area

Integrated approach

LocalState policy of integrated

urban development

Viver Melhor II Project

Viver Melhor II Project

Adoption of the integrated, area-based and participatory methodology of Novos Alagados/Ribeira Azul

Scaling up: from a local project to a state level program

Focus on pro-poor, integrated urban development policies and actions as an entry point for poverty reduction

Key concepts:

Viver Melhor II Project

ViverMelhor

II

USD 82.1 million

Component A

Urban infrastructure delivery

Component B

Component C

Social services delivery

Institutional Strengthening, Studies and Project Management

USD 54.8 million

USD 19.5 million

USD 7.8 million

65%

25%

10%

Challenges Going Forward

Land tenure regularization

Cost recovery

Resettlement housing

Affordable land supply – prevention of new invasions

Enlarged partnership for O&M of the investments / sustainability

Local Economic Development – income generation

Crime and violence prevention

Challenges in Scaling Up

Intersectoral work

Participation

Support to local associations

Management of significant resources of social component

Training and co-ordinating the new actors

Transforming lessons learned into public policies

Replicability of a successful methodology on a larger scale: