Tempus158989-Tempus-1-2009-1-BE-Tempus-JPHES Creation of university-enterprise cooperation networks for education on sustainable technologies

Course development workshop 2

Report on the present status of the course material

Tuzla 07th – 11st. June 2011

Sustainable technologies Emilija Fidancevska and Vineta Srebrenkoska UKIM UGD Skopje and Stip Macedonia - Green chemistry and cleaner production - BAT - Air protection - Waste water treatment - Recycling - Solid waste management

Green chemistry and cleaner production

Green chemistry

20 pages

1. The idea of green chemistry 2. Objectives for Green Chemistry: The Costs of Waste 3. Reducing : The heart of green chemistry 4. Green chemistry in the lifecycle of a product 5. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry 6. Green process engineering 7. Green solvents – application in process engineering 7. The selected examples for implementing of green chemistry in laboratory and industry

Cleaner production (CP): 1. Definition of CP 2. CP versus “end of pipe” 3. Principles of CP ( Precautionary, preventive, public and holistic) 4. CP practices (Good housekeeping, Input substitution, Better process control, Equipment modification, Technology change, On-site recovery/reuse, Production of a useful by-product, Product modification) 5. Benefits of CP 6. CP barriers 7. CP motivators and drivers 8. CP procedures - Planning & Organization - Assessment - Feasibility Studies - Implementation & Continuation 9. CP management system

10. Green chemistry and cleaner production (10 str.)

BAT

1. Generic BAT

2. Environmental management

3. Waste OUT

4. Waste IN

5. Management systems

6. Utilities and raw material management

7. Other common techniques

8. Air emission treatments

9. Waste water management

10.Management of the process quoted residues

10-15 pages

Proposed:

BAT for special types of waste treatment

- Physic-chemical treatment; - Recovery of materials from waste

Air protection

1. Introduction 2. Sources of air pollution

- Stationary sources - Mobile sources - Sources of pollution from indoor

3. Industry as air pollutant 4. Measures to improve air quality 5. Control of air quality - EU Directives for air protection 6. Gas cleaning in flue gas from combustion of biomass - Biomass - Biomass combustion - EU Directives

Air protection

7. Gas cleaning Removal of particles or dust collection; Removal of water soluble gases: SO2, HCl, HF and NH3; Removal of NOx, mainly NO; Removal of the very toxic substances: dioxin and mercury (Hg); 8. Removal of particles or dust collection; 8.1. Removal of particles (Chemical, physical and electrical properties) 8.1.1. Mass force separators - Cyclones - Sand bed filters - Wet scrubbers ( WS ) 8.1.2. Adhesion separators - Fabric Filter 8.1.3. Electrostatic precipitator

8.2. Flue gases and dust from biomass combustion 8.2.1.Dry methods - Cyclones - Dry electrostatic precipitator (DESP) - Fabric filters - Electrified gravel (sand) bed filter 8.2.2. Wet methods for the removal of particles - Scrubbers - Electrified wet scrubber (EWS) - Wet scrubbers with condensation (CWS) - Wet electrostatic precipitators (WESP) 9. Removal of water soluble gases 9.1. Wet absorption 9.2. Dry absorption (Dry scrubbing) 9.3. Wet or Dry Absorption of water soluble gases 10. Removal of Nitrogen Oxides - NOx 11. Removal of Dioxin and Mercury Number of pages = 30

Air protection

Waste water treatment

1. Introduction

- water and its importance

2. Characteristic of water quality

- physical, chemical, biolagical

3. Types and characteristics of waste water

4. Industrial waste water

5. Waste water treatment

- selecting procedures 6. Mechanical and physical processes for treatment of waste water (cedewe niz re{etki,, otstranuvawe na pesokot, talo`ewe, separacija ili otstranuvawe na masloto, flotacija,egalizacija)

7. Biological processes for treatment of waste water

Microorganizams, aerobe treatment, anarobe treatment 8. Physic – chemical treatment (koagulacija/flokulacija, neutralizacija, oksidacija, adsorpcija, jonska izmena, otstranuvawe na

te{ki metali, stripuvawe so vozduh, filtracija na aktiven medium. Istotaka se koristat i: reverzna osmoza, elektrodijaliza, uparuvawe)

9. Additional waste water treatment

10. Treatment of sladge

Recycling

1. Definition

2. Recycling facts and benefits of recycling

3. Materials for recycling

3.1. Wastes – Non hazardous Waste – Municipal Solid Waste

3.2. Industrial waste

3.3. Hazardous materials

4. Steps for recycling

5. References

10 pages

Solid waste management

• Definitions • General classification of solid waste • Solid waste impact on the environment

The Principle of Sustainable Development The Principle: Polluter Pays The Proximity Principle The Precautionary Principle The Principle of Producer Responsibility Principle hierarchy - an order of the priorities of waste management.

1.1. Involving of a new technologies or “cycled or close type technologies”. 1.2. Raising human consciousness

- use an item more than once. This includes: - conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same function,

and - new-life reuse where it is used for a new function.

- General information

Solid waste management

4.1. Thermo - chemical conversion 4.1.1. Available technologies - Incineration - Pyrolysis - Gasification - Plasma process 4.2. Bio- chemical conversion 4.2.1.Available technologies - Anaerobic digestion - Landfill gas

Number of pages = 30

Solid waste management

Zero emission concept

I. 1. Circular economy and Material Flow Management 2. Zero Emission University at the environmental campus Birkenfeld 3. Sustainable strategies in industry - BASF - Recycled of used glass 4. From disposal management to circular ecomomy- Hinkel Netzwerk Intern. II. Outlook of zero emission system 1. What is zero emission system? 2. The concepts of zero emission system 3. Visions for zero emission concept 4. The principles of zero emissions prevention waste; less harmfull materials and synthesis; energy efficiency; reuse, recycle and renewable feedstok; waste base economy; design products to degrade after use; real time analysis for pollution prevention

Z. Zavargo, E. Fidancevska

Materials engineering

Sustainable technologies in materials engineering metals, ceramics, polymers, composites.

Materials engineering towards sustainability (Materials for sustainable development)

1. Introduction

2. Sustainability models

2.1. Sustainable development

2.2. Operational models

- Industrial ecology - The natural step - Green chemistry and Engineering

- Eco-efficiency - Eco-efficiency Metrics

2.3. Cross cutting themes : Fate of materials - zero dissipation; Compatibility of materials and processes; Materials Intensity of Industrial Products and Processes

3. Sustainability and innovation : Sustainable technologies; Innovation models

4. Towards sustainable materials agenda : Materials Processing Improvements;

Materials sustainability reviews

5. Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and composites

20-25 pages

Materials engineering

METAL SCRAP Metal Scrap - Definition Hystory of metal scrap recycling Ferous and non ferous scrap Role of metal Scrap in the World Economy Benefits of Recycling Scrap Metals Menegeament of metal scrap Scrap metal delivering Scrap metal collecting How metal scrap is processed Metal scrap technology Risks of metal scrap Delivery of metal scrap Metal scrap landfill Baling and briqueting Scrap Metal Identification Industrial and home metal scrap Metal production from ferous and nonferous scrap BAT in metal scrap industry Law regulation ofmetal scrrap METALWORKING MIST BAT nonferous foundries

Materials engineering

ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL ENGINEERING

1. Introduction 2. Pollution Detection (Electrochemical Sensors) 3. Electroremediation

- Gases - Wastewaters - Solis

4. Metal Recycling 5. Alternative Energy Systems – Hydrogen Economy

- Hydrogen Electrolysers - Fuel Cells

Materials engineering

1. Utilization of Waste material 2. Fly ash 2.1. Filds of utilization of Fly ash : Materials for construction industry; Geotechnical

Agriculture Others

3. Glass- ceramics 3.1.Introduction - The glass crystalization process - Processing routes for glass-ceramic productuion 4. Dence glass-ceramics from waste 4.1. Slag from metallurgical processes ( iron and steel production) 4.2. Coal ash from power station 4.3. Residues from urban incinerators 4.4. Other silicate wastes 4.5. Foamed glass-ceramics from wastes

Refractory materials 1. Advanced materials Improved refractory and thermocouple materials for commercial slagging gasifiers 2. Corrosion resistant ceramic coatings 3. Ceramic fibers for refractory 4. How cool are refractory materials Environmental issues Nanotechnology 5. Recycling technology for refractories Introduction Problems in the recycling of used refractories Concept behind the recycling of waste refractories Technologies required for recycling waste refractories

Pretreatment technology Technology to regenerate old refractories collected

Improving the efficiency of crashing/pulverization Removal of iron and slag Particle size management Measures against dust

Materials engineering

Materials engineering

Glass

1. Introduction

- what is glass;

- glass products;

- how to make glass

2. What influence has the glass production and glass products to environment?

- Emissions to air

- CO2 emissions

- Emissions to water

- Solid wastes

3. Why to recycle glass?

- Recycling of flat glass and container glass

4. How can the glass and ceramic industry contribute to the reduction of energy demand and CO2 emission volume

- "Low-E" glass ; - "Solar Control" glass; - Glass fibres

Materials engineering

Polymer recycling 1. Introduction

2. Fundamentals (Definition)

2.1. Mechanical recycling

2.2. Feedstock recycling

2.2.1. Processes belonging to feedstock recycling

a. Hydrogenation b. Gasification c. Chemical depolymerization

d. Thermal treatment e. Catalytic cracking and reforming

2.2.2. Application of the feedstock recycling

a. The steel Industry b. Automotive industry c. Electrical and electronic

d. food and packaging industry

2.3. Inceneration

3. References

Materials engineering

RDF in cement industry

1. Introduction

2. The utilization of RDF as fuel material in cement industry

3. International situation of cement kiln co-inceneration (use of secondary fuels)

4. Technological aspects

5. Global effect for the two layouts

6. Local effect of the two layouts

7. Formation of micro-pollutants

8. Economic aspects and planning

9. Conclusions

10. References

Zero emission of material and energy in selected industry (Eurokompozit and Bomex)

1. Introduction

2. Definition of Zero Emissions (ZERI)

3. Main features

- Reorganization of industries

- Meaning of Zero Emission Concept : environmental perspective; business perspective; historical and social perspective

- Main Principles of Zero Emissions Concept

4. Grouping of Industry – establishing of Eco-Industrial Clusters

5. Concept and Metedology to Minimize Emissions from Industry in Regional Area

6. Modeling of Industrial Systems

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BOMEX Introduction for magnesite refractories Technological processes for production two types of magnesite products - Sintered magnesite - Resign bonded magnesite EUROCOMPOSIT

Zero emission of material and energy in selected industry (Eurokompozit and Bomex)