TEMA 42 Parte Comun Mov Segura27e

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ESTT - OEP 2013Grupo de Materias Comunes de Movilidad Segura

Elaborado en 2011

TEMA 42

ANÁLISIS Y TRATAMIENTO DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DEACCIDENTES. REVISIÓN DE DEFINICIONES DE TRAMO DECONCENTRACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DEMÉTODOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓNDE ACCIDENTES. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL EN ESPAÑA. TRATAMIENTO DETRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN: RESUMEN DE MEDIDAS Y EFECTOS.

1. ANÁLISIS Y TRATAMIENTO DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES.

2. REVISIÓN DE DEFINICIONES DE TRAMO DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE

ACCIDENTES.

3. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE MÉTODOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DETRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES.

3.1. Métodos no bsdos !n "od!#os !std$st%&os.3.2. Métodos bsdos !n "od!#os !std$st%&os.3.3. R!&o"!nd&%on!s '!n!(#!s sob(! #os &(%t!(%os d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA.

+. SIT,ACIÓN ACT,AL EN ESPA-A

. TRATAMIENTO DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN/ RES,MEN DEMEDIDAS Y EFECTOS.

An!0o I/ F%'(s An!0o II/ %b#%o'()$

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Elaborado en 2011

1. ANÁLISIS Y TRATAMIENTO DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DEACCIDENTES.

En !# )!n*"!no d!# t()%&o o &%(&#&%*n !n &((!t!(4 !0%st!n t(!s

)&to(!s 5! %n)#6!n !n # &ond&&%*n 6 5! 7!d!n d! "n!( &on8nt o%s#d s!( # &s d! n &&%d!nt!/ #s 7!(sons 9)&to( :"no;4 #os<!:$&#os 6 #s <$s. En #os &&%d!nt!s d! &%(&#&%*n 7(!&!n b%!n%s#d"!nt! o b%!n %nt!(&tndo !nt(! s$4 s%n !"b('o4 !# 7!so (!#t%<o d!&d no d! !##os !s "6 d%)!(!nt!.

Los dtos !std$st%&os obt!n%dos d! #os 7(t!s d! &&%d!nt!s "!st(n5! !# )&to( :"no4 &ons%d!(do %s#d"!nt!4 !s !# (!s7onsb#! d! !nt(! !#=> 6 ?>@ d! #os &&%d!nt!s d! t()%&o. L! s%'! !# )&to( <$4 &on dtos !n to(no# @. Los <!:$&#os 9'!n!(#"!nt! )##os té&n%&os; !stn !n t!(&!( #'(4 &onn 2@. E# (!sto d! #os &&%d!nt!s s!($n d!b%dos %nt!(&&%on!s &on8nts d!

no4 dos o d! #os t(!s !#!"!ntos. En !st! t!" s! n#%( !# !std%o 6n#%s%s d!# #'( d*nd! s! 7(od&!n #os &&%d!nt!s.

,n &&%d!nt! d! &%(&#&%*n !s !# (!s#tdo d! # &o%n&%d!n&% d! n s!(%!d! &%(&nstn&%s (!#&%onds &on #os s(%os4 #os <!:$&#os4 #%n)(!st(&t(4 !# t()%&o 6 !# !nto(no 5! dn #'( n s&!so %"7(!<%sto.Est "7#%"!nt! &onsttdo 5! !n n 7o(&!nt8! "6 !#!<do4 !# 7(%n&%7#)&to( d!t!("%nnt! !st (!#&%ondo &on !# )&to( :"no. An s$4 # "!8o(d! #s &(&t!($st%&s d! #os <!:$&#os 6 d! # %n)(!st(&t( 7!d! &ont(%b%( (!d&%( # &&%d!nt#%dd 6 ss &ons!&!n&%s. L %n)(!st(&t( !s no d! #os7(%n&%7#!s !#!"!ntos 5! %nt!(<%!n!n !n # s!'(%dd d! # &%(&#&%*n 6

&tndo sob(! !##4 s! 7od($n !<%t( 6 (!d&%( #s &ons!&!n&%s d! n '(nnB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s. En !st! s!nt%do4 #os T("os d! Con&!nt(&%*n d! A&&%d!nt!s &ob(n n '(n %"7o(tn&%4 6 5! son #os t("os dond! !0%st!n "6o( 7ot!n&%# d! (!d&&%*n d! &&%d!nt#%dd (!#%ndo &t&%on!s !n%n)(!st(&t( sob(! !##os.

2. REVISIÓN DE DEFINICIONES DE TRAMO DE CONCENTRACIÓN DEACCIDENTES.

E# TCA4 T("o d! &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s4 7(!t!nd! %d!nt%)%&( #ost("os d! &on&!nt(&%*n s%'n%)%&t%< d! &&%d!nt!s so&%d n n%<!# d!

7!#%'(os%dd d! # <$ s7!(%o( # "!d%. Dd # #!to(%!dd d! #os dtos(!#t%<os &&%d!nt!s no !0%st! n d!)%n%&%*n Bn%& d! TCA 7!(o s$ 5! :6d%<!(sos s7!&tos 5! d!b!n &ons%d!((s! d! )o(" '!n!(#/

• E07os%&%*n # (%!s'o/ d!b! t!n!(s! !n &!nt # %nt!ns%dd d! t()%&o4 65! !s # <(%b#! "s !07#%&t%< !n &nto &&%d!nt#%dd s! (!)%!(!d!sd! !# 7nto d! <%st d! # %n)(!st(&t(.

• P!($odo &ons%d!(do/ d!b! s!( s)%&%!nt!"!nt! #('o 7( s!'(( #)%b%#%dd d! # "!st( d! &&%d!nt!s4 7!(o no d!"s%do d%#tdo 7!s7!d!n <(%( sstn&%#"!nt! #s &ond%&%on!s d! &onto(no #o #('o d!s n#%s%s. D!b! d! s!( d! # "!nos 1 o4 s%!ndo (!&o"!ndb#!t%#%( n 7!($odo &o"7(!nd%do !nt(! #os 3 6 #os os.





Elaborado en 2011

• Lon'%td d!# t("o/ d!b! s!( # "$n%" 5! s!'(! # (!7(!s!ntt%<%ddd! # "!st( !n &nto # &on)%'(&%*n d!# t("o n#%do. A#"!nos d! 1 " d! #on'%td.

D!nt(o d! #s d%st%nts d!)%n%&%on!s d! #os T("os d! Con&!nt(&%*n d!

A&&%d!nt!s 9TCA; t!n!"os/• GT("os d! # (!d &on n nB"!(o %ns#"!nt! !#!<do d! &&%d!nt!s.H

• GT("os d! # (!d 5! 7(!s!ntn n ts d! &&%d!nt!ss%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! s7!(%o( # "!d% d! # (!d.H

• GT("os d! # (!d 5! (!'%st(n n "6o( )(!&!n&% d! &&%d!nt!s 5!ot(os t("os s!"!8nt!s d! # (!d d!b%do )&to(!s d! (%!s'o #o&#!s.H

• GT("os d! # (!d !n #os &#!s !# nB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!s !s"6o( 5! !# d! t("os s!"!8nt!s d! # (!dH

S! 7!d! obs!(<( &o"o !n #s d%)!(!nt!s d!)%n%&%on!s :##ds !n ##%t!(t( t%#%n dos &on&!7tos d%)!(!nt!s 7( %d!nt%)%&( #os TCA4 !# GnB"!(od! &&%d!nt!s obs!(<do o )(!&!n&% d! &&%d!nt!sH 6 !# GnB"!(o !s7!(do d!&&%d!nt!sH. ,n t("o d! &((!t!( 7!d! %d!nt%)%&(s! &o"o TCA !n )n&%*nd!# GnB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!sH !n #'( d! !n )n&%*n d!# GnB"!(oobs!(<do d! &&%d!nt!sH. ,n nB"!(o %ns#"!nt! !#!<do d! &&%d!nt!sobs!(<dos !n n s!&&%*n d!t!("%nd d! &((!t!( no %"7#%&($n!&!s(%"!nt! 5! !# nB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!s !n d%&: s!&&%*n )!s!#to4 s%no 5! !st !#!<d &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s 7od($ s!( !# (!s#tdod! n <(%&%*n #!to(%. Est <(%&%*n #!to(% # 5! !stn s8!tos 7o( nt(#! #os &&%d!nt!s s! &ons%d!( tnto s% # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA s! bs

!n &&%d!nt!s obs!(<dos &o"o s% s! bs !n &&%d!nt!s !s7!(dos4 n5!!# "étodo bsdo !n &&%d!nt!s.

A&t#"!nt! !# &on&!7to d! TCA <%!n! d!)%n%do 7o( !# M%n%st!(%o d!Fo"!nto &o"o GA5!##os t("os d! # (!d 5! 7(!s!ntn n )(!&!n&% d!&&%d!nt!s s%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! s7!(%o( # "!d% d! t("os d! &(&t!($st%&ss!"!8nt!s4 6 !n #os 5!4 7(!<%s%b#!"!nt!4 n &t&%*n d! "!8o( d! #%n)(!st(&t( 7!d! &ond&%( n (!d&&%*n !)!&t%< d! # &&%d!nt#%dd.Est! &on&!7to d!s7#* # 5! # DT sb nt!(%o("!nt!4 5! !( !# d!Pnto N!'(o !nt!nd%do &o"o G5!# !"7#"%!nto 7!(t!n!&%!nt! n&#d d! n (!d d! &((!t!(s4 !n !# 5! d(nt! n o nt(# s! :6

d!t!&tdo 3 o "s &&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s4 &on n s!7(&%*n "0%" !nt(!no 6 ot(o d! 1>> "!t(osH.

3. ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE MÉTODOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DETRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE ACCIDENTES.

E0%st!n d%)!(!nt!s "étodos 7( # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA. Co"o <!(!"os7ost!(%o("!nt!4 # !#!&&%*n d! n "!todo#o'$ d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCAd!7!nd!( d! # %n)o("&%*n 6 #os "!d%os d%s7on%b#!s. D!nt(o d! #s"!todo#o'$s d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA s! d!b! d%st%n'%( !nt(! #os "étodosbsdos !n &&%d!nt!s 6 #os no bsdos !n &&%d!nt!s. Éstos B#t%"os !stnbsdos !n # obs!(<&%*nJ%ns7!&&%*n d! # (!d d! &((!t!(s 6 n!&!s%tntod<$ n "6o( d!s((o##o 6 !<#&%*n. Po( !# "o"!nto no !0%st! n%n'Bn





Elaborado en 2011

"étodo no bsdo !n &&%d!nt!s 5! :6 7(o7o(&%ondo (!s#tdoss)%&%!nt!"!nt! st%s)&to(%os.

Ent(! #os 7(%n&%7%os bsdos !n &&%d!nt!s &b! d%st%n'%( !nt(! #os"étodos bsdos !n G"od!#os !std$st%&osH 5! %d!nt%)%&n #os TCA 7(t%( d!

#os &&%d!nt!s !s7!(dos 9"od!#os d! 7(!d%&&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s; 6 #os Gnobsdos !n "od!#os !std$st%&osH &6o 7(%n&%7%o &ons%st! !n d!t!&t( #os TCA 7(t%( d! #os &&%d!nt!s obs!(<dos.

3.1. Métoo! "o #$!$o! %" &o%'o! %!t$(!t)*o!.

• NB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s

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o D!ns%dd d! &&%d!nt!s/ Con !st "!todo#o'$ s! &ons%d!(($&o"o TCA G5!# t("o d! n #on'%td d!)%n%d 5! 7(!s!nt!n d!ns%dd d! &&%d!nt!s "!d%d !n G&&%d!nt!sJK"H s7!(%o( n <#o( 7(!d!t!("%ndo.

o Ts d! &&%d!nt!s o nd%&! d! P!#%'(os%dd/ Est! "étodo t%!n!!n &!nt n%<!#!s d! !07os%&%*n 9IMD;.6 !# nB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s(!'%st(do !n n d!t!("%nd s!&&%*n4 '!n!(ndos! n $nd%&!.Est! $nd%&! s! &o"7( &on !# obt!n%do !n ot(s s!&&%on!s d! #(!d 7( d!t!("%n( #os TCA/

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59t; Vo#"!n d! t()%&o !n d%&: #o&#%&%*n d(nt! n t%!"7oGtH.

Est! $nd%&! s!#! '!n!(( <#o(!s "6 7!5!os s$ 5!s!#! %( "#t%7#%&do 7o( 1>= 7( 5! #os <#o(!s s!n "s"n!8b#!s. 6 dos t%7os d! tss o $nd%&!s d!7!nd%!ndo s% ##o&#%&%*n 5! s! 5%!(! n#%( !s n s!&&%*n d! &((!t!(

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N NB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s (!'%st(do d(nt! !# 7!(%odo d!

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V Int!ns%dd "!d$ d%(% 9IMD; !n # s!&&%*n 9<!:$&#osJd$;.

L Lon'%td d! # s!&&%*n 9K";.

• Método &o"b%ndo )(!&!n&%Jts d! &&%d!nt!s/

Est! "étodo &o"b%n !# &(%t!(%o d!# nB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s &on !# d!#nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd. S! d!)%n%($ n TCA &o"o 5!# t("o 5! &"7##os dos &(%t!(%os s%'%!nt!s/

o NB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!sQN/ T("o &on n #on'%td d!t!("%nd!n !# 5! s! :n (!'%st(do # "!nos GnH &&%d!nt!s d(nt! #osB#t%"os G0H os.

o E# $nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd 9IP; d!# t("o d!b! s!( s7!(%o( n<#o( 7(!d!t!("%ndo.

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Métodos d! &ont(o# d! &#%ddJ"étodos !std$st%&os/Los "étodos d! &ont(o# d! &#%dd bsn # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA !n #

&o"7(&%*n d!# nB"!(oJts d! &&%d!nt!s obs!(<dos d!nt(o d! n t("o&on n t%7o#o'$ d!t!("%nd 9s!&&%on!s d! &((!t!(4 &(<s d!d!t!("%ndo (d%o4 %nt!(s!&&%on!s !n T; &on !# GnB"!(oJts no("# d!&&%d!nt!sH 5! s! 7(od&! !n n t("o d! &(&t!($st%&s s!"!8nt!s.

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d! # (!d. Po( !8!"7#o4 n %nt!(s!&&%*n !n GTH s! &ons%d!(($&o"o TCA s% !# nB"!(o d d! &&%d!nt!s 5! s! (!'%st( !n d%&:%nt!(s!&&%*n !s s%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! s7!(%o( # obt!n%do !n !# (!stod! %nt!(s!&&%on!s !n GTH d! # (!d. E# GnB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!sno("#H o G"b(# &($t%&o d! &&%d!nt!sH s! obt%!n! 7(t%( d!7(o0%"&%on!s !std$st%&s/

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Po( !8!"7#o K1 s!'( 5! !# =+41@ d! #os TCA t!nd(n nnB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s s%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! "6o( 5! !# <#o( "!d%o d! &&%d!nt!s o&((%dos !n #os t("os d! &(&t!($st%&ss!"!8nt!s d! # (!d.

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o nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd &($t%&o/ ,n TCA s! d!)%n%($ &o"o 5!#t("o 9s!&&%*n o %nt!(s!&&%*n; 5! 7(!s!nt n $nd%&! d!7!#%'(os%dd s%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! "6o( 5! !# G$nd%&! d!7!#%'(os%dd no("#H d! ot(os t("os d! &(&t!($st%&ss!"!8nt!s d! # (!d. E# G$nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd no("#H o G$nd%&!d! 7!#%'(os%dd &($t%&oH s! obt%!n! 7(t%( d! 7(o0%"&%on!s!std$st%&s/

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IP&(%t%&o nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd &($t%&o d! &&%d!nt!s 7( nd!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n 9s!&&%*nJ%nt!(s!&&%*n;

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IP"!d%o nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd "!d%o d! #os t("os d! s%"%#(!s&(&t!($st%&s.

D!s<%&%*n t$7%& d! #os IP d! #os t("os d! &(&t!($st%&ss!"!8nt!s. L d!s<%&%*n t$7%& !s n "!d%d d! d%s7!(s%*n 5!%nd%& &nto t%!nd!n #!8(s! #os <#o(!s 7nt#!s d!#7(o"!d%o !n n d%st(%b&%*n.

K )&to( d!t!("%ndo 7o( !# n%<!# d! s%'n%)%&&%*n d!s!do 7( !#IP&(%t%&o.

• Métodos bsdos !n s!<!(%dd d! &&%d!nt!s

,t%#%ndo !st "!todo#o'$ s! %nt!'( # s!<!(%dd d! #os &&%d!nt!s !n# %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! #os TCA. Est %nt!'(&%*n s! 7!d! (!#%( d! d%)!(!nt!s"n!(s 7!(o 7(!)!(%b#!"!nt! d!b!n s!'%( #s s%'%!nt!s (!&o"!nd&%on!s/

o Los &(%t!(%os d!b!n !st( bsdos !n #os &&%d!nt!s 6 no !n #oss(%os.

o L s!<!(%dd d!b!($ s!( %nt!'(d t%#%ndo 7(%n&%7%os d!7ond!(&%*n.

o Los &&%d!nt!s d!b!n s!( 7ond!(dos 7o( # s!<!(%dd d!# :!(%do"s '(<! %"7#%&do !n !# &&%d!nt!.

o Los &&%d!nt!s s! d!b!n &#s%)%&( !n t(!s &t!'o($s d!s!<!(%dd 5! ##!<n so&%dos t(!s 7!sos d%)!(!nt!s.

o Los 7!sos d! #s d%)!(!nt!s &t!'o($s d!b!n s!( &#&#dos 7(t%( d! <#o(&%on!s !&on*"%&s 6 d! # "!d% d! &&%d!nt!s(!'%st(dos 7( #s d%)!(!nt!s &t!'o($s d! s!<!(%dd.

S%'%!ndo !sts (!&o"!nd&%on!s s! !n&!nt(n #os s%'%!nt!s $nd%&!s5! s! t%#%n 7( %d!nt%)%&( TCA/

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina )




Elaborado en 2011

o EPDO 9E5%<#!nt P(o7!(t6 D"'! On#6;/ Est! "étodo9C"7b!## n774 2>>; s%'n 7!sos n &&%d!nt! s!'Bn #s!<!(%dd "0%" (!'%st(d !n !# "%s"o.

T

DC W BW AW F W IS

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IS nd%&! d! s!<!(%dd 7( n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n9s!&&%*nJ%nt!(s!&&%*n;

U Co!)%&%!nt!s d! 7ond!(&%*n d! &d &t!'o($ d! s!<!(%dd.

F A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s "o(t#!s !n n d!t!("%nd#o&#%&%*n.

A A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o A 9'(<!s47(!&%sn :os7%t#%&%*n; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n

A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o 9#!<!s4 7(!&%st!n&%*n "éd%&; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n

C A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o C 9:!(%dos &on&onts%on!s; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n.

D A&&%d!nt!s &on dos "t!(%#!s !n n d!t!("%nd#o&#%&%*n

T NB"!(o tot# d! &&%d!nt!s !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n

o nd%&! d! s!<!(%dd (!#t%</ Est! $nd%&! 9A#Ms!%d4 1??;

%n&o(7o( !# &ost! so&%o !&on*"%&o d! #os &&%d!nt!s/

DC B A F

DC C C BC AC F C ISR

DC B A F

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ISR nd%&! d! s!<!(%dd (!#t%< 7( n d!t!("%nd#o&#%&%*n 9s!&&%*nJ%nt;

C Cost! "!d%o d! #os &&%d!nt!s 7o( &d &t!'o($ d!s!<!(%dd.

F A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s "o(t#!s !n n d!t!("%nd#o&#%&%*n.

A A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o A 9'(<!s47(!&%sn :os7%t#%&%*n; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n

A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o 9#!<!s4 7(!&%st!n&%*n "éd%&; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n

C A&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s &on :!(%ds d!# t%7o C 9:!(%dos &on&onts%on!s; !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n.

D A&&%d!nt!s &on dos "t!(%#!s !n n d!t!("%nd

#o&#%&%*n

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina *




Elaborado en 2011

3.2. Métoo! #$!$o! %" &o%'o! %!t$(!t)*o!.

Los "od!#os !std$st%&os s! d!(%<n d! "od!#os d! 7(!d%&&%*n d!&&%d!nt!s "#t%<(%dos. Todos !stos "od!#os t%#%n !# &on&!7to d!G&&%d!nt!s !s7!(dosH !n <! d! #os G&&%d!nt!s obs!(<dosH !n n

d!t!("%ndo t("o. E0%st!n d%)!(!nt!s "od!#os !std$st%&os 5! 7(o7o(&%onnn !st%"&%*n d! #os &&%d!nt!s !s7!(dos !n n d!t!("%ndo t("o d!&((!t!(4 7!(o !# 5! s! : d!"ost(do d! "6o( 7(!&%s%*n !s !# "étodo!"7$(%&o d! 6!s/

• Método !"7$(%&o d! 6!s

Est! "étodo !st%" !# nB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s !s7!(dos 7( n#o&#%&%*n

9s!&&%*nJ%nt!(s!&&%*n; d!t!("%nd 7ond!(ndo !# nB"!(o obs!(<do d!&&%d!nt!s !n d%&: #o&#%&%*n 6 !# nB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!s !n t("osd! &(&t!($st%&s s!"!8nt!s !st%"do "!d%nt! "od!#os d! 7(!d%&&%*n d!&&%d!nt!s/

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r E λ NB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!s !n n #o&#%&%*n d!t!("%nd

W NB"!(o !s7!(do d! &&%d!nt!s !n #os t("os d! &(&t!($st%&ss!"!8nt!s

( NB"!(o obs!(<do d! &&%d!nt!s !n n d!t!("%nd #o&#%&%*n.

K V#o( %n<!(so d!# 7("!t(o d! sob(!d%s7!(s%*n

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X &o!)%&%!nt! d! 7ond!(&%*n.

3.3. R%*o&%"$*)o"%! +%"%,$'%! !o#,% 'o! *,)t%,)o! % )%"t)-)*$*)" %TCA.

,n <! !07!stos #os d%st%ntos "étodos d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA4n#%(!"os !n 7(%"!( #'( (!&o"!nd&%on!s 7( # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! #osTCA s$ &o"o #os 7(os 6 &ont(s d! &d "étodo. Post!(%o("!nt!4 7s(!"os n#%( # s%t&%*n !s7o# !n # %d!nt%)%&&%*n 6 t(t"%!nto d! #os TCA.

• D%<%s%*n d! # (!d !n t("os

Los TCA 7!d!n %d!nt%)%&(s! "!d%nt! !# n#%s%s d! n "!st(&#("!nt! d!)%n%d d! t("os d! &((!t!( d! # (!d. Estos t("os 7!d!n s!( s!&&%on!s d! # &((!t!( d! n d!t!("%nd #on'%td4 &(<s &on n (d%o!s7!&$)%&o4 7!nt!s4 %nt!(s!&&%on!s !n T o Y4 %nt!(s!&&%on!s !n o ZEst d%<%s%*n 7!("%t! 5! #s d%st(%b&%on!s t!*(%&s d! 7(obb%#%dd d!

&&%d!nt!s s! 8st!n "s n d%st(%b&%*n !"7$(%&. L "6o($ d! to(!s

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina +




Elaborado en 2011

7(o7on!n "!todo#o'$s d%)!(!n&%ds d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA 7(%nt!(s!&&%on!s 6 7( s!&&%on!s 9t("os d! &((!t!( !nt(! %nt!(s!&&%on!s;

Ot( "n!( d! d!t!&t( TCA !s "!d%nt! !# so d! n <!ntn d!s#%nt!d! n #on'%td d!t!("%nd. Est <!ntn s! d!s#% #o #('o d! # &((!t!(

6 s! 7( &ndo !n !# t("o d!)%n%do 7o( # <!ntn s! &"7# !# &(%t!(%od!)%n%do 7( # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! #os TCA. E0%st!n !std%os 9M%&:!# S[(!ns!n 6Rn! E#<%K4 2>>=; 5! %nd%&n 5! # t%#%&%*n d! !st! "étodo '!n!( n"6o( nB"!(o d! )#sos 7os%t%<os +5! &ndo s! t%#% n s!&&%*n )%8 d! #"%s" #on'%td 5! # <!ntn d!s#%nt!. Es (!&o"!ndb#! !# so d!s!&&%on!s )%8s 5! no s! so#7!n &o"o &on # <!ntn d!s#%nt! 7o( #oss%'%!nt!s "ot%<os/

• R!5%!(! "!nos (!&(sos 5! # t%#%&%*n d!# "étodo d! # <!ntnd!s#%nt!.

• Es "s s%"7#! 6 (!s#t "s )&%# d! &o"7(!nd!(.

• S% !# &(%t!(%o d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA s! bs !n "od!#os !std$st%&os !sbso#t"!nt! (!&o"!ndb#! 5! s! d%<%d # (!d !n s!&&%on!s&#("!nt! d!)%n%ds.

S%n !"b('o4 t"b%én !0%st!n 7(ob#!"s &on # t("%)%&&%*n !ns!&&%on!s )%8s 7o( #o 5! d%)!(!nt!s 7$s!s &o"o No(!'4 Po(t'#4 Ast(%4D%n"(& o n'($ :n o7tdo 7o( t%#%( !# "étodo d! # <!ntnd!s#%nt!. Est! 7(ob#!" !st (!#&%ondo !s7!&%#"!nt! &on #s s!&&%on!s d!&((!t!(4 6 5! # t%#%&%*n d! s!&&%on!s 97. !8. s!&&%on!s d! >4 K"; 5! nos! so#7n t%!n! !# (%!s'o d! 5! # d%<%s%*n no s! 8st! # 7t(*n d!&&%d!nt!s 6 5! #os 7%&os d! &&%d!nt! s! !n&!nt(!n !nt(! dos s!&&%on!s 7o( #o 5! éstos no 7!d!n s!( %d!nt%)%&dos &o"o TCA. ,n so#&%*n 7od($&ons%st%( !n # (!d&&%*n d! # #on'%td d! #s s!&&%on!s 7!(o s! %n&(!"!nt($!# (%!s'o d! 5! 7%&os #!to(%os d! &&%d!nt!s )!s!n %d!nt%)%&dos &o"o TCA.

• P!(%odo d! !std%o

E# 7!(%odo d! !std%o d!b! s!( s)%&%!nt!"!nt! #('o 7( s!'(( #)%b%#%dd d! # "!st( d! &&%d!nt!s4 7!(o no d!"s%do d%#tdo 7!s7!d!n <(%( sstn&%#"!nt! #s &ond%&%on!s d! &onto(no #o #('o d! sn#%s%s. S! (!&o"%!nd &ons%d!(( n 7!(%odo d! !std%o d! !nt(! 3 6 os4s%n !"b('o4 s% #os (!&(sos son #%"%tdos n 7!(%odo d! dos os !s

&!7tb#!. 9\.T.Snd!(son4 M..C"!(on 6 .N.F%#d!s4 1?=;. S! d!b! !<%t( !n todo &so t%#%( 7!(%odos d! !std%o d! n so#o o4 6 5! no s!&ons%d!(($n #s <(%&%on!s #!to(%s d! #os &&%d!nt!s.

• P(%n&%7%os d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA

M&:os to(!s &o%n&%d!n !n # (!&o"!nd&%*n d!# "étodo !"7$(%&o d!6!s4 n5! # "6o($ d! d"%n%st(&%on!s no #o t%#%n 7o(5! s%"7#nt&%*n n%<!# Gn&%on#H %"7#%& n '(n !s)!(o d! (!&o'%d d! dtos4%nt!(&on!0%*n d! d%)!(!nt!s bs!s d! dtos d! d%)!(!nt!s d"%n%st(&%on!s4L !#!&&%*n d! #os &(%t!(%os d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s s!#!n !st( &ond%&%ondos 7o( #os (!&(sos4 6 # &nt%ddJ&#%dd d! # %n)o("&%*n

d%s7on%b#!. En # "%s" #$n!4 !0%st!n d%)!(!nt!s !std%os 5! (!&o"%!ndn !#so d! "od!#os !std$st%&os 7( # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA4 !s d!&%(4 5! #os





Elaborado en 2011

TCA d!b!($n s!( d!t!&tdos !n bs! # GnB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s !s7!(dosH 6no !n bs! # GnB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s obs!(<doH.

Los "étodos !std$st%&os o "étodos bsdos !n !# &ont(o# d! &#%dd7!()!&&%onn !# 7(o&!so d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n s!'%do !n #os "étodos bsdos !n

)(!&!n&%Jd!ns%ddJts d! &&%d!nt!s 6 5! #os <#o(!s &($t%&os d!# nB"!(od! &&%d!nt!s 6 d!# $nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd s! obt%!n!n 7(t%( # 7#%&&%*n d!"étodos !std$st%&os sob(! t("os d! &(&t!($st%&s s!"!8nt!s #s d!#TCA. As%"%s"o 7!("%t!n # %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA tnto !n #s &((!t!(s no)o(ds 9nB"!(o &($t%&o d! &&%d!nt!s; &o"o !n #s &((!t!(s d! #s 5! s!d%s7on' d! )o(os d! t()%&o 9$nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd &($t%&o;.

S%n !"b('o4 no s! (!&o"%!nd # t%#%&%*n d! "étodos bsdos !n #s!<!(%dd d! &&%d!nt!s d(nt! !# 7(o&!so d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA. L"6o($ d! "od!#os !0%st!nt!s !n # #%t!(t( bsdos !n # s!<!(%dd%n&#6!n #os &&%d!nt!s &on dos "t!(%#!s d! #os &#!s !s d%)$&%# d%s7on!( d! dtos )%b#!s 6 !)%&%!nt!s. Estos "étodos s! t%#%n !n n )s! 7(!#%"%n( d! n#%s%s d! #os &&%d!nt!s (!'%st(dos !n #os TCA 7(!<%"!nt! %d!nt%)%&dos&on ot(o &(%t!(%o 7( !stb#!&!( n 7(%o(%&%*n d! #os "%s"os 6 &t( sob(!#os 5! t!n'n n "!8o( (t%o &ost!b!n!)%&%o.

R!s"%!ndo #s "!todo#o'$s bsds !n # )(!&!n&% d! &&%d!nt!sson s!n&%##s 6 no (!5%!(!n dtos d! )o(os4 7!(o no &ons%d!(n dtos d!!07os%&%*n. S! &ons!8 !# so d! # )(!&!n&% d! &&%d!nt!s !n &((!t!(s no)o(ds "%!nt(s 5! !n &((!t!(s )o(ds !# so d!# $nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd.

4. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL EN ESPAÑA

En Es7 s! s &t#"!nt! 7( # (!d d! &((!t!(s d! t%t#(%dd!stt# !# "étodo !std$st%&o bsdo !n !# nB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s 5! &ont%n&%*n s! d!s&(%b!. ,n TCA !s 5!# t("o d! 1 " !n !# 5! tnto !#nB"!(o d! &&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s !n #os B#t%"os os &o"o !# $nd%&! d!7!#%'(os%dd "!d%o !n !s! 7!(%odo s! s7!(%o( # "!d% (!s7!&t%< d! todos#os t("os d! &(&t!($st%&s s%"%#(!s 9&t!'o($ ! IMD !5%<#!nt!s; "s #d!s<%&%*n "!d% d! #os "%s"os.

En !# &so d! 5! #s &(&t!($st%&s d!# t("o :6n s)(%do"od%)%&&%on!s s!ns%b#!s #o #('o d!# 7!(%odo d! os4 d!b%do #s&t&%on!s d!s((o##ds !n # &((!t!( o ot(s &ss4 #s &ond%&%on!s s!

7#%&(n # 7!(%odo !n !# 5! !# t("o :6 7!("n!&%do &on # &on)%'(&%*n&t#.

At!nd%!ndo #os 7(%n&%7%os '!n!(#!s nt!(%o("!nt! !07(!sdos s!%d!nt%)%&n #os TCA &o"o t("os d! 1 " 5! &"7#%!ndo #s s%'%!nt!s&ond%&%on!s/

IPM ] P 6 ^ ACV ] N4 &"7#! #'no d! #os s%'%!nt!s &(%t!(%os/





Elaborado en 2011

F!nt!/ P(o'(" d! SV 2>>?2>11. Not d! s!(<%&%o. M. Fo"!nto

S%!ndo/

IPM/ nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd "!d%o !n #os B#t%"os os.

IPM2/ nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd "!d%o !n #os B#t%"os 2 os.

^ ACV/ S" d! #os &&%d!nt!s d! #os B#t%"os os.

^ ACV2/ S" d! #os &&%d!nt!s d! #os B#t%"os 2 os.

/ Ao nt!(%o(./ _#t%"o o.

P/ Constnt! d!7!nd%!nt! d!# t%7o d! t("o 9t%7o d! <$4 on4t()%&o;.

N/ Constnt! d!7!nd%!nt! d!# t%7o d! t("o 9t%7o d! <$4 on4t()%&o;.

Po( ot( 7(t!4 # DT !n &o#bo(&%*n &on CIDA,T4 !#bo(* !n 2>1> n!std%o !std$st%&o d! %d!nt%)%&&%*n d! TCA !n # (!d 7(o<%n&%# d! &((!t!(s





Elaborado en 2011

d%st%n'%!ndo dos &sos s!'Bn s! t<%!(n dtos d! )o(os o no. P( !# &sod! no d%s7on!( d! )o(os s! 7(!s&%nd$ d!# $nd%&! d! 7!#%'(os%dd 6 s*#o s!sb # )(!&!n&% d! &&%d!nt!s.

An5! s! d!s((o## &on "s d!t##! !n ot(o t!"4 !s %"7o(tnt!

s!#( !n !st! 7(tdo # D%(!&t%< 2>>=J?JCE sob(! s!'(%dd d! #s%n)(!st(&t(s 5! )! %n&o(7o(d # o(d!n"%!nto 8($d%&o !s7o# t(<ésd!# RD 3+J2>11 sob(! '!st%*n d! # s!'(%dd d! #s %n)(!st(&t(s <%(%s!n # R!d d! C((!t!(s d!# !stdo.

s%&"!nt!4 !n é# s! (!'#n !# !stb#!&%"%!nto 6 # 7#%&&%*n d! #os"étodos 7( # '!st%*n d! # s!'(%dd !n # R!d T(ns!(o7! d!C((!t!(s4 &ont!"7#dos !n d%&: D%(!&t%<. Estos "étodos son/

• E<#&%*n d!# %"7&to d! #s %n)(!st(&t(s <%(%s !n # s!'(%dd !n# )s! d! 7#n%)%&&%*n.

• Ad%to($s d! s!'(%dd <%# !n #s )s!s d! nt!7(o6!&to4 7(o6!&to47(!<% # 7!st !n s!(<%&%o 6 !n !# 7!($odo %n%&%# !n s!(<%&%o.

• C#s%)%&&%*n d! s!'(%dd !n #os t("os d! # (!d t!nd%!ndo #&on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s 6 # 7ot!n&%# d! "!8o( d! # s!'(%dd.

• Ins7!&&%on!s d! s!'(%dd <%# !n &((!t!(s !n s!(<%&%o.

Ms &on&(!t"!nt!4 s! !stb#!&! !n !# An!0o III d!# RD 3+J2>11 #os&(%t!(%os 7( # '!st%*n d! # s!'(%dd d! #s %n)(!st(&t(s <%(%s !ns!(<%&%o/

• D!t!("%n&%*n d! #os t("os d! &((!t!( &on #t &on&!nt(&%*n d!

&&%d!nt!s. E# 7(o&!d%"%!nto d! d!t!&&%*n d! t("os d! &on&!nt(&%*nd! &&%d!nt!s 9TCA; 7!("%t%( %d!nt%)%&( #os t("os !n #os 5! #os(!'%st(os d! &&%d!nt!s 7(o&!d!nt!s d!# R!'%st(o Estt# d! V$&t%"s 6 A&&%d!nt!s d! T()%&o 6 # %n)o("&%*n sob(! #s &(&t!($st%&s4 #t%7o#o'$ 6 #s %nt!ns%dd!s d! t()%&o d! #s &((!t!(s %nd%5!n 5! !#n%<!# d! (%!s'o d! &&%d!nt! !s s%'n%)%&t%<"!nt! s7!(%o( # "!d%o !n#os t("os d! # (!d d! &(&t!($st%&s s!"!8nt!s 6 !n #os 5! n&t&%*n d! "!8o( d! # %n)(!st(&t( 7!d! &ond&%( 7(!<%s%b#!"!nt! n (!d&&%*n !)!&t%< d! # &&%d!nt#%dd. En d%&:o7(o&!d%"%!nto s! d!b!(n t!n!( !n &!nt4 # "!nos4 !# nB"!(o d!&&%d!nt!s &on <$&t%"s 5! s! :6n (!'%st(do d(nt! #os t(!s os

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/. TRATAMIENTO DE TRAMOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN: RESUMEN DEMEDIDAS Y EFECTOS.

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Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina 1$




Elaborado en 2011

b; Y #s "!d%ds 7( "!8o(( !# !nto(no4 s!(n 5!##s 5! %nt!nt!nso#&%on( !# 7(ob#!" d!t!&tdo4 5! s!#! s!( d! dos &t!'o($s. ,no4 7o( #s &%(&nstn&%s t"os)é(%&sX 6 ot(o4 7o( #s &ond%&%on!s 5! s! dn !n !#t!((!no 5! !st 8nto # &((!t!(. En !# 7(%"!( &so4 :b#(!"os d!"!d%ds 5! "!8o(n # <$ !n &so d! ##<% )(!&!nt!4 n%!b#4 :%!#o4#"%nos%dd4 tBn!#!s4 !t&4 &o"o !st(%do !n # &#d4 &o#o&&%*n d!&7t)(os #t!(#!s4 "o8on!s %nd%&t%<os4 b((!(s nt%d!s#"b(nt!s4%#"%n&%*n4 !t&.

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b; T(%s"os 6 )('on!ts.

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!t&.4 s$ &o"o 7(ds 6 !st&%on"%!ntos 7( !##os.

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina 1'




Elaborado en 2011

Con #os t(%s"os 6 )('on!ts4 b;4 5! son # "6o($ d! <!:$&#os 5!&%(&#n 7o( n!st(s <$s4 !s d%)$&%# ##!'( # &on&#s%*n d! 5! éstos4 !n s$4t!n'n &#7 !n # &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!sX !n # "6o($ d! #os &sos4s!( !# &ond&to( !# &snt! 7o( &&%*n o"%s%*n. Ls "!d%ds4 !n ést!&"7o4 s*#o 7od(n s!( d%<#'t%<s4 o #!'#!s 6 "!d%nt! sn&%on!s o&ont(o#!s4 &on (!s7!&to # t%t#( d!# <!:$&#o4 9no 7s( # I.T.V. (!'#"!nt(%Xno ##!<( #os !#!"!ntos !n 7!()!&to !stdo4 &o"o #&!s4 n!"t%&os4 &('4(!7!stos4 !t&.;.

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Cono&%ds #s &ss d! # &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s !n !s! t("o4s! n%)%&(n 7o( '(7os 6 s! 7#n%)%&(n #s "!d%ds 7( &d '(7o !n&on&(!to. S%n !"b('o # 7(!<!n&%*n t!nd( s%!"7(! dos s7!&tos '!n!(#!s7( todos #os '(7os. E# 7(%"!(o4 s!( d! %n)o("&%*n 6 d%<#'&%*n d! #o 5!o&((! !n !# t("o !n &!st%*n4 ! %nt!nt( "!nt#%( #os s(%os d! #n!&!s%dd d! &ono&!( # &s d! # &&%d!nt#%dd 6 &o"o !<%t(#o. E#

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Elaborado en 2011

s!'ndo4 &ons%st%( !n &ont(o#( 6 sn&%on( #s &ond&ts 5! d!n #'( d%&:os s&!sos.

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Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina 1)




Elaborado en 2011

Pod!"os (!s"%( # 7(!<!n&%*n !n !# )&to( :"no4 %nd%&ndo 5! #s&ss d! &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s !n n <$4 n!&!s%t(n #s )s!s&on8nts %nd%&ds nt!(%o("!nt!. ,n4 # d%<#'t%< * %n)o("t%<4 6 # ot(4d! &ont(o#!s (!)!(%dos # &ond&t d! #os 7os%b#!s &snt!s d! #os s&!sos49!0&!sos d! <!#o&%dd4 so d! b%&%s 6 &%&#o"oto(!s4 %"7(d!n&%s <(%s4 !t&.;.Y !# &o"7#!"!nto %d!# !s 7on!( !n "(&: # "!d%d 7(!<!nt%< !n )!&:s 6&ond%&%on!s s%"%#(!s #s 5! s! d%!(on &ndo o&((%!(on #os &&%d!nt!s 5!7(!t!nd!"os (!d&%(.

A"%0o I: F)+,$!

F)+,$ 1: D)$+,$&$ % '$ %!)$*)" %!t"$, F%"t%: TCA %"D)5t$*)o"%!. D6T7 CIDAUT8

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina 1*




Elaborado en 2011

A"%0o II: 9)#')o+,$-($

1. M7 d! t("os d! &on&!nt(&%*n d! &&%d!nt!s d! #s (!d!s d! &((!t!(sd! t%t#(%dd 7(o<%n&%#. CIDA,TDT.

2. P(o'(" d! S!'(%dd V%# 2>>?2>11. Not d! s!(<%&%o 8#%o 2>>=. M.Fo"!nto.

3. RD 3+J2>114 d! 11 d! "(o4 sob(! '!st%*n d! # s!'(%dd d! #s%n)(!st(&t(s <%(%s !n # R!d d! C((!t!(s d!# Estdo. OE 12 d!"(o d! 2>11.

Au to r Albano Arn!s Gar"#a Tema $2% P&gina 1+

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