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Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and efficiency in long span bridges Saltash vs. Britannia bridges and struggles with the discipline of economy

Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

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Page 1: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms

1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering

New materials and new forms Form, forces, and efficiency in long span bridges Saltash vs. Britannia bridges and struggles with the discipline of economy

Page 2: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 3: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 4: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Iron Bridge (100 ft [30.5 m]) - Abraham Darby - 1779

Page 5: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 6: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 7: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 8: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 9: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 10: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Thomas Telford 1757-1834

Page 11: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Telford’s Buildwas Br. - 1795

Page 12: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Telford’s Buildwas Br. - 1795

Darby’s Iron Bridge - 1779

Page 13: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 14: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Pont y Cysyllte Aqueduct - 1805

Page 15: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 16: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 17: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 18: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 19: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Pont y Cysyllte Aqueduct - 1805

Page 20: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Exercise: Write down at least one point under each ‘s’ for the Llangollen acqueduct

Page 21: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Tour de France Telford/Eiffel video

Page 22: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

1810 Telford proposal for Menai Straits

Page 23: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 24: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Still in 1810…

Page 25: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

now 1814

Page 26: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Craigellachie Bridge - 1814 - 150 ft [46 m]

Page 27: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 28: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 29: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Minute “paper”:

-Draw an alternative arrangement of members to connect the deck and arch of the Craigellachie bridge -Compare your results with your neighbor. Explain why you chose your arrangement

Page 30: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 31: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 32: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 33: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Telford proposal for Runcorn Gap (1000 ft [305 m] span!, developed 1814 to 1818)

Page 34: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Telford’s most famous work: Menai Straits

Page 35: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 36: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 37: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Menai Straits Bridge - 1826 - 580 ft [177 m] (longest in the world at completion)

Page 38: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 39: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 40: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Runcorn Gap proposal 1000 ft [305 m]

Menai Straits completed 580 ft [177 m]

Page 41: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 42: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 43: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 44: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 45: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Clifton Bridge - I.K. Brunel - 1864 702 ft [214 m] (vs 580 ft [177 m] for Menai)

Page 46: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 47: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 48: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 49: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 50: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 51: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Without calculations or research, what issues in the design do you think would affect the economy of these alternative bridge designs?

Page 52: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Isambard Kingdom Brunel 1806-1859

Page 53: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 54: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

http://www.j-m-w-turner.co.uk/artist/turner-rain-steam.htm (visited 8 Sept 2003)

Page 55: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 56: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 57: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 58: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 59: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

© copyright Torbay Library Services

Brunel

Page 60: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Britannia Bridge - Stephenson - 1850 460 ft [140 m] spans

Page 61: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 62: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 63: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 64: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

circa 1980’s

Page 65: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Brittania today

Page 66: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Saltash Bridge - Brunel - 1859 - 455 ft [139 m]

Page 67: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 68: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 69: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 70: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 71: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 72: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 73: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 74: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 75: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 76: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Britannia Saltash

Efficiency Hollow box 460 ft span 7000 lb/ft

Lenticular 455 ft span 4700 lb/ft

Economy �198 /ft � 102 /ft

Elegance Form not expressive Form ambiguous

1 ft = 0.305 m 1 lbf = 4.45 N

Page 77: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

What considerations may have led to the very different (lenticular vs. suspension) bridges built

at the same location?

List as many as you can.

Page 78: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Circling back to Brunel’s 1864 world’s longest Clifton Suspension Br.

Page 79: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 80: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

702 ft [214 m] main span, vs. 580 ft [177 m] at Menai

Page 81: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 82: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 83: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 84: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 85: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

1980’s

Page 86: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

2011

Page 87: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 88: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

1779 1814

1826 1859

Page 89: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Eiffel Tower Structural Study

introduction to statics

Page 90: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Tools and methods for structural analysis

Free body diagrams Equilibrium Load path

Page 91: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Free Body Diagrams

Page 92: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 93: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

gravity

Page 94: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

gravity

Page 95: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

gravity

Page 96: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 97: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

gravity

Page 98: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

F

h =

+

M=Fh

Page 99: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

p=2.6 k/ft

P = wH P = (2.6)(984) P = 2600 kips

H = 984 ft

Page 100: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

gravity

reactions

Page 101: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

wind

gravity

reactions

gravity

reactionsC CCT

Page 102: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

wind

reactions

wind

reactions

=

T C M

Page 103: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and
Page 104: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

w

Page 105: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

T C

w

Page 106: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

w

M

Page 107: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Civil Engineering Units• Lots of imperial units.. • The kip? kip = kilopound = 1000 lb • The psf? a pound per square foot

– say you weigh 150 lb and are standing on a part of the floor which is 1ft x 1ft, you are = 150psf

– other way – say a constant wind of 40 psf is blowing on a building which is 100ft x 100ft across – the force is 40psf X 100ft X 100ft = 40,000 lb

– 40,000 lb = 40 kips • Also… psi and ksi, pound/sq. in, and kip/sq. in

– Materials may be described as having limit stresses in psi or ksi, e.g., typical yield stress of steel = 50 ksi

Page 108: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Equilibrium

Page 109: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

M

W

ΣMsection = 0 -> M - p(H-h)(H-h)/2 = 0

pH

h

H-hP = p(H-h)

(H-h)/2

Page 110: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

M

W

ΣMsection = 0 -> M - p(H-h)(H-h)/2 = 0

pH

h

H-hP = p(H-h)

(H-h)/2

M=[p(H-h)][(H-h)/2]=P(H-h)/2

Page 111: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

M

W

pH

h

H-hP = p(H-h)

(H-h)/2

M=[p(H-h)][(H-h)/2]=P(H-h)/2

CT

C = -T = M/w

Page 112: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

bending moment

loca

tion

Page 113: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

M

W

M=[p(H-h)][(H-h)/2]=p(H-h)2/2

Page 114: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Load path

or, how the load travels to the ground

Page 115: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Load PathAll forces or loads must eventually get to the ground.

Can we trace the path of tension of compression?

George Washington

Compression path

Page 116: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Load PathAll forces or loads must eventually get to the ground.

Can we trace the path of tension of compression?

TruckT

C

T TT

C

Page 117: Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms · Telford, Brunel and British Metal Forms 1780’s to 1880’s British Structural Engineering New materials and new forms Form, forces, and

Load PathAll forces or loads must eventually get to the ground.

Can we trace the path of tension of compression?

locomotive

C

C

C

B B

Secondary load path


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contoh telford

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Metode Pelaksanaan Jalan Telford

Metode Pelaksanaan Jalan Telford

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Lindsey Telford Portfolio

Lindsey Telford Portfolio

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WEA Telford Art Gallery

WEA Telford Art Gallery

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Telford WEA Art Gallery

Telford WEA Art Gallery

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thomas telford [monografía 2011]

thomas telford [monografía 2011]

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Makers of British History in the 18 th C Thomas Telford “Colossus of Roads” 1757 - 1834

Makers of British History in the 18 th C Thomas Telford “Colossus of Roads” 1757 - 1834

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Telford Avenue

Telford Avenue

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Tomas Telford Engineer

Tomas Telford Engineer

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Telford Advertiser November 11

Telford Advertiser November 11

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Telford Scrub Conservation Park

Telford Scrub Conservation Park

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AppliedGeophysics Telford

AppliedGeophysics Telford

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Acceptable and unacceptable forms of islam on british

Acceptable and unacceptable forms of islam on british

Spiritual
INSPECTION REPORT THOMAS TELFORD SCHOOL - … · INSPECTION REPORT THOMAS TELFORD SCHOOL Telford, Shropshire LEA area: Telford and Wrekin Unique reference number: 123627 Headteacher:

INSPECTION REPORT THOMAS TELFORD SCHOOL - … · INSPECTION REPORT THOMAS TELFORD SCHOOL Telford, Shropshire LEA area: Telford and Wrekin Unique reference number: 123627 Headteacher:

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TaxAssist Accountants Telford

TaxAssist Accountants Telford

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