Mr. R. V. VIl'TUCCI

TmPRoCES'SmG COWUTER P R O G W

ASSISTS NAVY R V D MAA?AG-NT

RADM A. S. Goodfellow, Chief of Naval Dsvelopment, (seated rsnter) operates the computer teIepnmseing program after only a few minutes' briehg.

Lcbt, Th4 Author, R. V. Vittucci, of CNM, manager of the program. Right, Captain K. Hershey, Head, Exploratory Development Div., CNM. Standing, Captain P. M. Allen, Head, Man- agement Information Division, CNM.

THE AUTHOR

The author is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbicr and in the State of Deluware. He holds ME and MME degrees from Contell University. In addition to teaching engineering at the University of Texas, he has practiced engineering with E. I . du P m t de Nemours & Company and the American Gas and Electric Company.

Nearly 23 years of his career was with the Navy's Bureau of ships, nwst of the time as a Marine Engineer associated with the design of m n y Navy ships. Currently he is Senior Program Of$.cer in the Ex- plmatory Developlnent Division at Headquurters, Naval Material c o m m n d .

He is an active member of the ASNE, ASME and ASE.

Naval Cnqlnun Journal, Docambar ItY 917

TELEPROCESSING MANAGEMENT VITIZTCC i

INCREMENT I

CATEGORY 6.2 D I S T R I B U T I O N

ELEMENT TITLE ONR A I R NAVELEX NAVFAC

02 N A V NUCL PROPULSION 01 ELEX COMP 05 08 I1

I I I “ C O M M A N D S ” ---$

20 tttMlNT5

d -

ABSTRACT

The Navy Exploratory Development Division is now successfully using a newly developed teleprocessing computer propam to assist iu managing its million dollar a day development program. The computer- ized Financial Data System (FDS), completed under Rear Admiral A. S. Goodfellow, Chief of Naval Development, is the first of its kind to be used at the headquarters office. The system provides for man- machine dialog in simple, English language. It automatidy divides the program’s total funds, takes into account management’s various constraints and weighting factors and delivers a balanced program neatly typed. As the available funds fluctuate, the various parts of the program are proportionally increased or decreased after first providing for various exceptions to this method. The computer assists in the quick reallocation of dollar resources, either preserving the technical mix of the program or intentionally effecting a change in technical em- phasis by controlling the funding.

wnY WE DID IT

s UCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT of research and de- velopment programs is still a subject for lively discussion in management circles. The problems, the pitfalls, and the unknowns in this area are more prominent in Exploratory Development than in any other phase of research and development. This is the setting for my story which tells of the first step towards relieving management problems by use of computerized methods, why we did it, how we did it, and what we accomplished.

One of our problems was the need for frequent reshuffling of the budget due to recurring cuts, deferrals, changes in technical program emphasis, or any other management purpose. The Naval Material Command (NAVMAT 031) allocates funds averaging approximately a million dollars a day to 11 Navy Commands, Bureaus and Offices to carry out the Navy Exploratory Development Program under the Chef of Naval Development. This money is carefully apportioned to 26 Program Elements, each representing a different Technological Area. For each element the funds are divided among the particular commands concerned with that type of work. When the funds reach the “Commands” they are again divided as necessary, some going to lab- oratory, some to contractors, and some used in-house for hundreds of development tasks embracing the spectrum of Science and Technology. Oddly enough, the short time allowed by the Pentagon for making changes to this budget often requires the recalcula- tion of a budget distribution to the 11 “commands” for 26 different Program Elements within a period of only two hours.

“he Exploratory Development Program is con- trolled largely by level of effort; that is, it is con- trolled by the amount of money made available to do the work. A proposed budget is laid out on a chart similar to that shown in Figure 1, representing management’s best decisions as to how the money

should be proportioned to whichever we can support of the myriad tasks requiring funding. Once a well balanced program is established, changes from the budget totals shown are generally proportionate to a decrease or increase in money available-but not strictly so. There are certain priority projects that receive practically fixed funding regardless of the budget and there are others that can be cut only a small amount and, if cut further, must be dropped entirely. Occasionally, there are other changes that occur, such as doubling the funding for Weaponry Exploratory Development at a moment’s notice. In such cases funds to build up one element are usually taken from all of the other program elements. In the past the magnitudes of all such changes were calculated by slide rule or by desk calculator. It usually required from two to ten hours to rebalance a complete program distribution (total budget). One unusual situation involving changes in the five year defense plan required almost 80 hours of cal-

918 N a v a l Enqineen Journal. December I968

VI'l'TuCcI TELEPROCESSING MANAGEMENT

culating and typing time. Although the problem mentioned above was only one of many surrounding us; it provided a good opportunity to try a limited computerized system.

Personnel in the Navy Department Exploratory Development Division, under Rear Admiral F. L. Pinney, Jr., and later his succesor, Rear Admiral A. S. Goodfellow, undertook to relieve some of the problems by the use of computerized methods. Recognizing some of the numerous pitfalls in com- puterizing a management operation, we decided to investigate what the computer could do to help relieve our problems.

It is easy to visualize an elaborate computer sys- tem having terminals in each of our "commands" and laboratories, as well as in each of our Washing- ton program offices. Just imagine each of these ter- minals as providing a capability of questioning a central computer and flashing out immediate visual answers on a screen or typing answers on paper to questions concerning the financial status of the pro- gram. Imagine the participating commands and lab- oratories simultaneously feeding current data such as money obligated for a project on Jamming and Deception or money expended on a Weapons and Ordnance project into this computer and the com- puter keeping financial accounts upt-date each moment. This envisions a central computer with many remotely located terminals all using a tele- processing program and operating on a computer time-sharing basis. Thus without leaving his office, a Program Manager could consult the computer and find out not only where a certain project stands financially, but where the whole pmgram stands. This is dreaming a bit and it may be more elaborate than we can either afford or justify. The purpose of our investigation was to get started thinking about computerized systems and find out to what extent they could successfully be used. By over- coming one of our smaller problems we would be in a better position to solve some of the bigger ones.

lncremental Plan Yes, it is easy to think of elaborate systems that

respond instantly to our every need-that answer wery question without making mistakes-but this all costs money. Fortunately, it was decided to in- vestigate the whole situation according to an incre- mental plan. In this way we could match our appetite to our resources and, more important, to OUT real needs.

Figure 2 shows the original Incremental Plan. The first increment was appropriately made very modest and the reasons for this were simple. We had no money; we had no extra people; we had no w e time. Without these, only a small step forward couid be undertaken and much of the work had to k e done on our own time, outside of &ce hours.

T ie development process from the inception of an

PLAN

INCREMENT1

E.D. PLANNING DATA ( A T EACH STEP OF BUDGET CYCLE) CONVERSATIONAL CAPABIL ITY MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS

INCREMENT 2 ON LINE ACCESS TO PROGRAM ELEMENT AND TASK AREA INFO STATUS OF EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS AT TASK AREA LEVEL (TWO WEEKS)

INCREMENT 3 ON LINE ACCESS TO PLANNING AND EXPENDITURE STATUS

TIE INTO OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEMS ? I AS TRANSACTIONS OCCUR I

ULTl MATE

INTEGRATE APPRAISAL TIE INTO OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEMS

Figure 2

idea to the operation of a working computer system involves a lot of time and concentrated effort. This is especially true when you are without information systems analysts and your own computer and opera- ting personnel. Acting as customers and ultimate users, we presented our idea to the Management Information Division's Information Sciences and Plans Branch (MAT 0144). These are the people responsible for introducing new information hand- ling techniques into the Naval Material Command. The Management Information Division sponsored the program from its inception, and without their help it would not have got off the ground. They, in turn, arranged to have the program developed and placed on Navy computers with the assistance of the Naval Ship Systems Command, and the Naval Material Command Support Activity. It took 1% years to produce a working system. Figure 3 shows some of the participants involved-ough to add a problem in coordination to the exercise in systems design.

Figure 4 shows who furnished what.

b , I

Figure 3

Naval Engineers Journal. Dacernber I968 919

TELEPROCESSING MANAGEMENT m c c I

GOVERNhWNT FURNISHES CONTRACTOR FURNISHES

. IBhl je0 M COhlPUTER . PROGRAM

- 2 K hlEhKIRY ICORE STORAGE1 - DOCUMENTATION

- 2701 DAlA ADAPTER TERMINAL USER’S MANUAL

- 1403 PRINTER OPERATOR ‘ 5 hlANUAL

. 10% CONSOLE PROGRAhlME R ’ 5 OOCUMENTATION

- 2311 D I S K - SYSTEM THAI IVORKS

. Z7do SEUCTRIX TERMINAL BATCH PROCESSING

IELEPROCESSING

Figure 4

DESCRIPTION OF FINANCIAL DATA SYSTEMS (FDS)

The Financial Data System (FDS) is a computer program that will automatically divide the explora- tory development funds among 11 “Commands” (that is Commands, Bureaus and offices) for each of the 26 program elements. Each program element embraces a technology area. The computer program will redistribute budget cuts, budget increases, or any given program total, holding designated portions of the program protected against cuts or a d j d upward or downward to any predetermined values. The computer will execute such redistribution in- stantly and will print out the entire exploratory development program distribution upon command. (It can also register and tally up a program gen- erated without any precedent.) The computer will store such distribution records for three consecutive years and will recall any portion of this information immediately. It will print out various tabular arrays such as subtotals by Command or by Budget Activ- ity. The computer will also store the 5 year defense program (FYDP) in a completely different fomat- that is, funding for 26 program elements for each of 7 fiscal years (the current year, the past year and five future years).

Hardware The hardware was furnished by the government

and the program and documentation were furnished by a commercial contractor. The hardware (see Figure 5) consists of an IBM 3600/30 computer and associated equipment which is accessed by an IBM/ 2740 Selectrix terminal. The terminal looks like a typewriter. Currently located beside the computer, the terminal will ultimately be “remotely located” in the user’s office a quarter of a mile away from the computer. A remote terminal located in the user’s office is

considered essential in developing the plan for the ultimate stages of the computer system. For the time being the terminal is located adjacent to the com- puter and we, the users of the program, must walk a quarter of a mile to the computer site. Since the system is available to us only during a specified one- hour period each day, this arrangement cannot pro-

920 Naval Enqinoon Journal. Docomhr IT60

FINA.NCLAL DATA SYSTEZM. EXPLORATORY DEXELOPMENT DMSION

HARDWARE-IBM 360/30

1403 360 I 3 0 a 0 DL.C

2 3 1 I P r in t r r 32K

> - I

A d a p t r r I ln i t w vide the instant answers demanded by management. Of course the use of time sharing techniques could relieve this situation by making the computer avail- able at all times. A remote terminal presents a security problem which will not be discussed in this article. We have made arrangements p r o v i w adequate security for classified portions of the in- formation.

Modes of Operation

This system operates in either of two modes: tele- processing mode with the use of a terminal and the batch processing mode with the use of punch cards. Telepn>cessing is the normal mode of operation, whereas batch processing is reserved for updating the data base.

When operating in the teleprocessing mode, the operator “talks” to the computer through the Wet- trix communications terminal by merely typing the question or command. The computer provides in- stant answers, automatically typed out by the ter- minal, or tells the operator when he has made a mistake. Thus we have a man-machine dialog which can be learned readily by anyone who can find numbers and letters on the typewriter. Highly coded

V1TruCcI TELEPROCESSING MANAGEMENT

language has been avoided intentionally. The use of plain Enghsh language is very desirable because thls program will be used by-and must be readily understood by middle management personnel. This is really a research and development program rather than an operational one. Therefore the slight delays involved in using plain language are not important at this stage. It is more important to keep things simple for the operators. The internal program was created using COBOL (common business oriented language) and assembly language. The computer keeps records in the format of the typical spread sheet (Figure 6). The teleprocessing operation is so simple that a person can learn to operate it within several hours.

Various commands, orders or queries are used to control the machine; most of them are verbs such as:

GEIT DISPLAY HOLD FILE DELETE W L A C E

DISTRIBUTE CREATE

Included are symbols for add, subtract, multiply and divide, which processes the machine can also perfORII.

Man-Machine Dialog

In order to make the machine carry on a dialog the operator must first identify himself by a con- fidential code. This protects the classified data bank from exposure to an unauthorized person. Once “conversation” is initiated it may proceed as desired in random order, the computer responding to each query. The following is an example of what can happen

Operator: GET 70 TPO

(Translation-Get the record showing the FY 70 Tentative Program Objective budget.)

Computer: 70 TPO IN

(FY 70 ’PO record is in my high speed memory.)

Operator: DISPLAY PTOT

(Display Program total.)

COmpUkr: PROGRAM TOTAL 654321 (The program total is $654,321,000.)

Operator: DISPLAY 101 ONR

(Display the amount of money assigned to ONR in element number 101.)

Computer: 101 ONR 1000 (ONR has $1,00OK in element No. 101.)

Operator-mistakenly requesting information on an element that does not exist: DISPLAY 844 o m

@Jotc-There is no such element number as 844.)

Computer: NO-FIELD NOT FOUND

( N o k T h e r e are many error responses of this sort. Some tell you how to correct the error; others merely tell you what error you have made.

Operator: DISPLAY REC 70 DEMO

EXPLORATORY OFVELOPMENT PROGRAM CATEGORY 6 2 RDT+C.N D I S T R I B U T I O N RECORD NAME 7ODFMO CURRENT DATE 6 8 / 1 0 / 0 1

( DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS ) C R E A T I O N DATE 6 8 / 0 8 / 0 6

REMARKS 1 F I C T I T I O U S O A T 4 FOR DEMONSTRATION PE T I T L E ONR N A V A I R NAVELEX NAVFAC NAVORO N A V S H I P NAVSUP BUMED BUPERS CORPS 1 7 1 TOTALS 101 GEN SURV + NAV 1000 ? nnn ....

1 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 2 6 5 7 3 2 6 3 9 1

9 9 3 7 1 5 1

268 2 9 7 1 2 7 6 2

7 0 ~ C / B WPS OEFENSE 2115 2 6 3 0 5 0 2 368 1 3 7 0 70.8 OTHER MC E X P L n E V

601 WEAPONS + OR0 602 MC WPS O R 0 V E H I C 7 0 1 C/M SHOREBASED 702 LOGISTICS

TOTALS

Naval Enginem Journal, 0.c.mb.r It48 921

TELEPROCESING MANAGEMENT m c c I

(Display the entire record for FY70 TPO distribu- tion.)

(Then it types out an entire matrix such as that in Figure 6.)

The computer will refuse to perform illegal opera- tions such as deleting the permanent (locked ia) records or trying to file a record on a space b e a d y occupied by another record. It will tell you why it refuses.

COmpUkr: FY 70 DEMO

A Typical Distribution Figure 6 also shows a plan for a typical redistribu-

tion by this machine. The total amount of money available for the program has been cut from the original $654,32lK to $543,21OK (K=1,000 dollars). Since the original technical program mix was satis- factory, it is planned to redistribute the money in the same proportions as in the original distribution with the following exceptions:

*The fundug for Element 505, Jamming and D* ception, for NAVAIR (Naval Air Systems Com- mand) is to be increased to $lO,WK and held at that level throughout this redistribution only.

*The funding for Element 504, Command S u p port, going to ONR is to be held fixed at $3602K.

*Program Element 104, Materials, is not to be cut but rather is to be held fixed at the present funding level.

+Element 501, Navy Nuclear Propulsion, is to be held constant at the present leveL *All funds to DNL (Director, Naval Laboratories) are to be held fixed, the total being $7742K.

Note that all of these conditions must be carried out while the computer redistributes the program to a total of $543,2lOK.

This problem is entered into the machine by typ ing the following statements at the terminal:

505AZRV=10000 HOLD 505AIR 5040NR HOLD ROW 104 501 HOLD COL DNL DIST 543210.

The computer will instantly redistribute the en- tire program as directed and will hold the complex new matrix in memory. It is now possible to call out any portion of the data such as the Program Element Totals on the right hand side or the Com- mand Totals across the bottom of the table. Figure 7 shows a subtotal printout by budget activity. When a complete printout of the program is re- quired, it is called for as follows:

DISPLAY REC ~ODENII.

(Translates as, “Display the record named FY 70 Demi.) The machine will then print out the entire matrix. See Figure 8. Note that we have given the new

922 Naval Enginam Joornal. Docwnbor I 9 0

CATEGORY 6 2 RDT+E, NAVY EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT 7 0 D E M I D I S T R I B U T I O N CURRENT CAT€ 6 8 / 1 0 / 0 1

CREATION DATE 6 8 / 0 8 / 0 6 SUBTOTALS BY BUDGET A C T I V I T Y

EUDGET DOLLAR ACT1 V I TY SUM IN NUMBER BUDGET A C T I V I T Y T I T L E THOUSANDS

1 M I L I T A R Y SCIENCES 1 0 0 5 6 8 2 AIRCRAFT RELATED EQUIPMENT 2 2 7 8 5 3 M I S S I L E S RELATED EQUIPMENT 7 6 8 0 0 4 M I L ASTRONAUTICS + RELATED E Q U I P 1 8 2 0 3 5 SHIPS,SMALL CRAFT + REL E Q U I P 1 9 3 4 2 4 6 ORD,COClBAT V E H I C L E S REL E Q U I P 6 7 2 0 5 7 OTHER EQUIPMENT 6 4 2 2 5

CATEGORY TOTAL 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 6

distribution a new name so that it can be identified and fled.

Unfortunately, with this particular program and hardware it takes 6 minutes to type out the com- plete record. This is the slowest process in the entire system but it is not used any more than necessary. Even at that, it is many times faster than calculating with a desk calculator, making a hand-printed copy, typing it, proofreading it, and then correcting the typing errors. A process formerly requiring 2 to 10 hours can be accomplished in about a dozen minutes, A series of distributions that once required 80 man- hours could be done in less than two hours.

Record Storage

Each distribution matrix is referred to as “a record”. These records are stored magnetically on a disk which looks very much like a pde of phono- graph records. The disk is loaded into the com- puter just before we start to run our program In addition to this disk storage, we have a separate, redundant, storage of these records on magnetic tape as a reserve against damage or accidental erasure of the disk.

The storage contains distribution records for three fiscal years; the current year, the past year, and the next fiscal year. Ekch year‘s data consists of 8 records which have been given the general names as listed below. These names are geared to the principal, recurring events in the budget cycle.

-Tentative Program Objective TPoTentative Program Guidance

mc-Final Program Guidance

IBS-hitial Budget Submission

CBdOngreSSiOnd Budget Submission

m1-Apportionment 1

m2-Apportionment 2

BEx-Budget Execution

In addition there are 40 blank records called “scratch” records, which are just what they sound

VIITUCCI TELEPROCESSING MANAGEMENT

EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM CATEGORY 6 2 RDT+E,N D I S T R I B U T I O N RECORD NAME 70DEMI CURRENT D A T E 6 8 / 1 0 / 0 1

( DOLLARS I N THOUSANDS ) C R E A T I O N DATE 6 8 / 0 8 / 0 6

PE 101 102 103 10s 105 201 202 203 301 302 501 502 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 601 602 701 702 703 704 705

REMARKS I F I C T I T I O U S DATA T I T L E ONR N A V A I R N A V E L E X

GEN SURV + NAV 7 3 3 L I F E S C I E N C E T E C H 2 7 1 8 PERS + T R A I N I N G M A T E R I A L S 7 6 5 5 ELEX M A T L S + T E C H 9 5 1 6 2 4 4 6 A I R B R N SURV + NAV 1 6 3 0 A I R C R A F T COMM 4 5 5 9 A I RCRAFT 1 3 2 9 0 5 7 G/M P R O P U L S I O N 1 9 5 5 6 G U I D E D M I S S I L E S 1 7 0 3 2 SOLRAD 4 8 9 A S T R O N A U T I C S 1 4 1 3 7 2 1 3 7 NAV NUCLEAR PROP ELEX COMPAT + E F F 2 2 0 1 1 1 2 1 S H I P B O SURV + NAV COMMAND SUPPORT 3 6 0 2 7 2 9 0 JAMMING + D E C E P T N 4 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 C/M SH I PBOARO 5 6 2 SHIPS SUBS BOATS 2 3 5 0 WEAPONS + ORD 1 4 6 4 2 4 3 7 8 MC WPS ORD V E H l C C/M SHOREBASED 9 7 8 4 2 2 5 L O G I S T I C S 4 6 3 T R A I N I N G E Q U I P M N T 1 3 2 1 3 4 4 1 C / B WPS D E F E N S E 1 5 5 2 1 9 3 0 OTHER MC E X P L D E V

TOTALS 2 3 3 7 5 1 2 7 1 6 5 2 5 4 8 6

FOR DEMONSTRATION NAVFAC NAVORD N A V S H I P

1 3 2

1 2 0 9 9 6 9 2 2 1 5 1

1 9 4 9 6 1 9 3 6 3

6 9 6 9 6 1 3 3 7 5 9 8

4 4 0 5 111 4 9 1 7

5 5 7 1 7 2 4 5

3 4 6 8 3 1 1 0 1 2

1 8 1 9 7 1 4 1

2 8 2 6 1 9 7

3 0 7 8 2 1 8 0

3 6 8 2 7 0

1 0 2 8 0 5 5 7 0 0 1 5 4 7 9 4 Fngms7

like. These are areas into which we can transfer any budget distribution and then alter it as we wish -just as a person would do on scratch paper. Sub- sequently, the results may be retained in scratch, filed in the permanent memory, or destroyed at will. The permanent records in the fist 27 positions are locked-in (protected) against accidental erasure or change.

There are 6 other records, one being the Five Year Defense Plan and the other five temporarily called projections.

On occasion we print out the entire computer memory showing what is in every record. This process is done on a high speed printer which prints out all 70 records in the machine within 3 minutes. This is a great deal faster than getting a print out from the teleprocessing terminal operating in a normal mode.

Flexibility

As a matter of fact the computer will hold and manipulate any number of program elements up to a maximum of thirty (30). This was found neces- sary when the very dynamic Ekploratory Develop- ment F'rogram, which had 25 program elements, was expanded to 26. The computer was designed to accept additional elements, new element names, and new element numbers all in varying number not to exceed 30. This was essential for, even now, we are in the process of converting our program from a 26 element system to a 20 element system. Foj' at least a year we will have to keep books in the two systems. This will be accomplished by using on's disk pack for 26 element records centering arrlmd the current fiscal year and another disk pack for 20 element records centering around the next

NAVSUP BUMED BUPERS

2 2 0 2 2 4 7 0 4

2 0 0 0 9

2 0 2 6

1 0 0 5

3 0 3 1 2 2 5 1 0 2 4 7 1 3

4 8 8

CORPS DNL

6 0 0 3 3 0 1

7 4 0 7 3 3 3

1 0 2 0

1 4 4 0

1 0 0 0 3 9 3 3 1 8 0 2

1 8 0 0 9 4 5 3 2

2 9 6 4 4 7 0 7

2 9 9 1 8 0 2

2 9 9 1 7 6 2 5 1 8 3 3 2 7 7 8 2 4

T O T A L S 7 3 3

2 4 8 7 2 4701,

5 7 9 9 6 1 2 2 6 3

1 6 3 0 4 5 5 9

1 6 5 9 6 3 9 3 8 5 3 7 4 1 5

4 8 9 1 7 7 1 b 6 9 6 9 6 1 4 2 7 6

8 3 3 8 1 7 7 2 2 1 6 0 1 1 2 5 8 1 6 4 1 5 6 5 6 6 4 9 8

7 0 7 1 2 9 2 6 1 2 3 0 6 1 5 9 4 4

5 4 2 4 1 7 6 2 5

5 4 3 2 1 0

fiscal year as the base year. Had this flexibility not been provided this project would have been an utter failure even before it was completed.

ACHIEVEMENTS

This computer system has already accomplished its objectives as an El&D system. It is the first tele- processing system of its kind at Naval Material Com- mand Headquarters. The Financial Data System has demonstrated the following attributes:

-It permits conversational dialog in real time

-It uses simple, practically uncoded language. -It is so simple, that an inexperienced person

can operate it within only a few hours train- ing.

-It records, retrieves and tabulates program funding data.

-It divides our exploratory development funds quickly and accurately according to a variety of instructions.

-The program has built in flexibility; it can be modified to manipulate any number of pro- gram elements up to a total of thirty (30). Both the program element numbers and their names may be changed.

between man and computer.

-It is a great convenience and a time saver. -With some changes it could be used by other

program managers who use level-of-effort con- trol.

The most sigdicant achievement is the practical experience in the application of computer systems gained by the R&D Management Staff as well as by the Management Information Division personnel. This experience pmvides a substantial basis for ex- ploring the next stages of computerizing our man-

Naval Enqinoorc Journal. Docombar I968 923

TELEPROCESSING MANAGElVLENT m c c . '

agement functions. The hardware and software pro- vide components upon which to build a much more saphirrticated system envisioned for the future ex- pandon of automatic data processing in manage ment. Thus it completes a positive step in the long range development of ADP for management sup Port.

CONCLUSIONS

The Ekploratory Development Financial Data Sy&m has been succssfully computerized. It has been found practicable and very helpful. It has pra- d u d fringe benefits by improving our understand-

ing of our own management operations and somc of their pitfalls

Although this computer program is small and somewhat limited, it is a s i g d h n t step in the di- rection of practical automation of our management functions. It was done with the absolute minimum

personnel. It has already served its purpose as a training program for those who will continue ex- ploring the use of computers in management. Al- though it is an R&D system, this program is being used successfully in routine daily business and steps are being taken to extend its use to other parts of Headquarters Naval Material Command.

investment of money and without any increase in

PEBUT-Appeuinl publicly for the flrst time a~ a fully-assanbled submarine, the Ben F'rankh rolls out of the Gramman Port of Palm Beach facility the day before launching on July 26. The vehicle, 50-feet long and approximately 130 tws, is the newest and largest rseeareh submarine in the world. A senlcs of doekside tests will p d e seatriala and operational test dives.

If technological advances were the only challenge which faced this hip, we could for the moment rest on our oars, satisfied with our accomplishments. But it is not: She is faced with a cumnt and real challenge d i h n t in nature but greater in

awe. The high rate of technological development has been accom a imr igh rate of social disorganization which affects not the machines, but c n p o z who must operate and command them . . . the men!

Vice Admiral J. B. Colwdl, USN Deputy Chid of Naval Operations Commissioning of USS "Leahy" at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 4, 1968

924 Naval Enqinwn Journal. Docunbar IW