RECOUNT TEXT

A recount is a type of spoken or written text that deals with past

experiences. The function is to retell some events that happened in the

past for certain purposes; to inform and or to entertain the listeners or

readers.

Recounts are principally not the same as Narratives although both

talk about past events. Narratives deal with problematic events which

lead to a crisis or turning point which in turn finds a resolution while

recounts do not have to come to a serious crisis or complication.

Generic Structure of Recount Text

1. Orientation : an introduction that provides the setting and

introduces participant

2. Events : account that tells what happened, in a sequence

Event 1

Event 2

Event 3

Etc.

3. Reorientation (optional) : Closing of events

Generic Features of Recount text

1. The recount focuses on a sequence of events all of which relate to a

particular occasion

2. It introduces specific participants

3. frequent uses of Simple Past Tense

4. Past continuous tense is sometimes used

5. Temporal sequencers are also used in the sentences to show the

events. They are listed below :

Before

After

When

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While

During …

As …

At that time …

At that moment …

After that …

After then …

Firstly …

Secondly …

Finally

The example of recount text

How could I Hide my face?

Orientation:One afternoon a month ago, I was very hungry. As I didn’t

cook anything to eat lunch, I decided to go to a café about a hundred

meters from my boarding house.

Events: I changed my trousers and shirt then left for the café by myself

because my roommate hadn’t come yet from the school. As soon as I got

to the café, I ordered the meal with fresh vegetable soup that seemed

very delicious in the hot day, and also a glass of tea. When they were

served, I ate up eagerly the meal and soup and drank the tea. I was

satisfied and it was the time to pay. I grabbed my trousers pocket and I

was shocked. My hands didn’t feel there was any wallet there. I felt so

embarrassed that I didn’t dare to see the faces of the customers. My body

stayed still on the chair and began sweating.

I tried to control myself in front of the people. I collected my courage to

come to the cashier to say something. Feeling uneasy, I told her that I left

my wallet in the other trousers at the boarding house and promised to

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take it and come back soon. Some customers looked at me. I thought I

must hide my face. She nodded and said it was not a matter.

Reorientation: Finally, I ran to the house and got back with the money. I

gave it to her and came out of the café. What a relief! It should not

happen again to me.

NARRATIVE TEXT

Social function :

To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various experience in

different ways; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a

crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds 2 resolution.

Generic Structure Narrative Text

1. Orientation

 Pada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan

tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.

2. Complication

Pada bagian Complication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau

masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus

dipecahkan. 

3. Resolution

Pada bagian Resolution berisi tentang bagaimana tokoh dari cerita

tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication.

Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication.

Language features :

Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya :

Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.

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Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan

benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.

Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya :

long black hair, two red apples, dsb.

Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk

mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon,

dsb.

Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan

lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain,

happily ever after, dsb.

The example of narrative text :

Three fishes

Orientation

Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed

by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each

other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back

tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen

left.

Complication

When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called

the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said?

We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and

kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right',he said.

'We must leave the pond’.

But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said.

'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come

here. Why should these men return? I am not going any where my luck

will keep me safe’.

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Resolution

The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire

family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early

next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish

refused to leave even then.

The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third

fish's luck did not help him.He too was caught and killed.

The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the

fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied

only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.

PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the

right sequence to get the goal. In our daily life, we often have to perform

some steps to make or get something done.

Social Function :

To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of

actions or steps

Generic Structure of procedure

1. Goal : Title of the text (especially for a recipe)

2. Materials : Optional, not for all procedural texts

3. Steps : a series steps oriented to achieving the Goal

Generic Features

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1. The use of Simple Present Tense, often in an imperative form e.g.

Add some sugar, prepare it,

2. The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate

sequence especially in written text)

As the sentence introducers (sequencers) especially in spoken text:

First Firstly

Second Secondly

Then Thirdly

After that Afterwards

Finally Lastly

As time introducers, especially in written text

before until

After During

When

While

The example of procedure Text :

Goal : How to activate a Handphone

Nowadays, we need a handphone to connect to our colleagues. We can

get it easily in the shop. When we buy it we shall get a handphone, a SIM

card, a battery and a charger.

Steps:

This is the way to activate the handphone:

First, open the cover of the handphone

Second, insert the SIM card after being installed

Third, insert the battery inside

Fourth, close the battery with a cover of handphone

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Fifth, connect the lead from the charger to the bottom of the phone.

Sixth, connect the charger to an AC wall outlet. Charging the battery

supplied with the phone may take four up to six hours.

Seventh, when the battery is fully charged, the bar stops scrolling.

Disconnect the charger from the AC outlet and the phone. Then, we

are ready to make a phone call.

Example 2

Goal : How to boil an egg

Do you know how to boil an egg? Well, this is the way!

Steps :

First, heat a saucepan of water on the stove.

Then put the egg in the boiling water.

After that, heat it until it boils.

Next, cook it for three minutes.

Don’t leave the eggs until it gets burnt.

Now, the egg is ready to serve.

Finally, serve it with pepper powder and salt

Descriptive Text

Social function

To describe a particular person, place or thing.

Generic Stucture:a. Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be described

b. Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics

Significant lexicogrammatical features:

Focus on specific participants

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Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes

Frequent use of Ephrtets and Classifiers in nominal groups

use simple present tense

The example of Descriptive Text :

Natural Bridge National Park

Identification

Natural Bridge National Park is luscious tropical rainforest. It is located

110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific

Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numimbah Valley.

This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.

Description

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave

through which a waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a

dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is

permitted in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover

the unique feature of the glow worms.

Picnic areas offer toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces;

however, overnight camping is not permitted.

NEWS ITEM

Social Function :

To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are

considered newsworthy or important

Text Organization :

1. Newsworthy event (tells the event in a summary form)

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2. Background events (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the

incident)

3. Sources (comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and

experts involved in the event)

Language Features:

1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline

2. Using action verbs (hit, attack, curb)

3. Using saying verbs (said, added, claimed)

4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

5. Using passive sentences (Aceh was hit by a Tsunami in 2004)

The example of News Item :

Seven Killed in Accident on Jalan Sultan

Newsworthy event

Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a

truck at 10:35 p.m. on Jalan Sultan last night. The dead were all

passengers in the car. Police believe the car may have been trying to

overtake the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite

direction. The driver of the car may not have been using his lights, as the

truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.

Background events

The police said the car should not have been trying to pass the bus,

since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police

reported that the car–a small Japanese car–should not have been carrying

more than five people. The names of the victims are not yet known.

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Report Text

Social Function :

To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-

made and social phenomena in our environment. A report usually talks

about something concrete or which can be observed such as

animals,plants, planets, and natural disasters.

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Generic Structure :

1. General classification ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion

is.

2. Description ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in

terms of (1) parts, (2) qualities, (3) habits or behaviors, if living;

uses, if non-natural.

Dominant Language Feature :

1. Introducing group or general aspect

2. Using conditional logical connection

3. Using Simple Present Tense

The common grammatical patterns of an information report

include:

• use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg

our dog;

• use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny

particles;

• some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fl

y;

• use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones

always begin over the sea;

• use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

• use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of

information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the

clause.

The examples of Report Text :

General classificationA kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia,although it has a smaller

relative, called a wallaby,which lives on the Australian island of Tasmania

and also in New Guinea.

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Description

Kangaroos eat grass and plants. They have shortfront legs, but very long,

and very strong back legs anda tail. These are used for sitting up and for

jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward jumps of over

eight metres, and leap across fences more than three metres high. They

can also run at speeds of over 45 kilometres per hour.

The largest kangaroos are the Great Grey Kangaroo and the Red

Kangaroo. Adult grow to a length of 1.60 metres and weight over 90 kilos.

Kangaroos are marsupials. This means that thefemale kangaroo has an

external pouch on the front of her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny

when it is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where it spends its

first five months of life.

Example 2

What Is Thunder and Lightning?

General classification

Lightning is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between a cloud andthe

ground, or from cloud to cloud. Alightning fl ash, or bolt, can be several

miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000°

Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This

is the thunder we hear.Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms. Moist air is

driven up to a great height.

Description

It forms a type of cloud called cumulonimbus. When the cloud rises high

enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and snowfl akes are formed.

These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down. This rain meets more

moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which produces static

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electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity, it discharges

it as a lightning fl ash.

Analytical Exposition

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa

ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian.

Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

Pernyataan pendapat/ THESIS statement (tujuan:

memperkenalkan topik)

 ARGUMENTS terdiri dari point yang dikemukakan dan elaborasi

 Penguatan pernyataan/REITERATION.

Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.

 Abstrac nouns, misalnya policy, government , dsb.

Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.

 Action verbs misalnya, She must save, dsb.

Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb.

 Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.

 Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, dsb.

 Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.

 Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.

 Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

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Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition :

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IS SMOKING GOOD FOR US ?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About

50 thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of

smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a

quarter of smokers die because ofdiseases caused by smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke

five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer

than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is

nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis

are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely

to die of heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis

and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as

much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen

cigarettes.

Hortatory Exposition

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa

seharusnya demikian atau tidak demikian.

Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

THESIS (Pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan)

ARGUMENTS (terdiri atas “point” (main idea) dan “elaborasi”

(supporting idea)     

RECOMMENDATION (Rekomendasi/saran)

Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

 Abstrac nouns,misalnya policy,government dsb.

Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals,dsb.

Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesn’t seem to have been,

dsb.

Action verbs, misalnya, we must save, dsb.

Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe , dsb.

Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.

Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly,we, dsb.

Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.

Simple present tense

Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.

Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

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The example of hortatory exposition

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"Removing Lead from Petrol"

In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the

atmosphere) there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the

difference between driving in the city and the country.

While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I

drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only

see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as

severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.

Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their

owners don't seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no

public transport to fall back upon and one's own vehicle is the only

way to get about.

I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances

to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on

petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.

EXPLANATION TEXT

Tujuan Komunikatif Explanation Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari Explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan

proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang

terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan,

budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan.

Generic Structur Explanation Text

Terdapat tiga bagian dalam struktur kalimat Explanation Text, yaitu:

1. General statement

Dalam general statement berisi tentang penjelasan umum tentang

fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena

tersebut atau penjelasannya.

2. Squenced of explanation

A squenced of explanation berisi tentang penjelasan proses

mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced

of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan ‘why’ dan ‘how’

penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced

of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.

3. Closing

Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari

Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa

paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text adalah closing,

padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang

berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced

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of explanation.

Language features Explanation Text

Dalam sebuah explanation text, terdapat ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di

bawah ini, yaitu:

Menggunakan simpel present tense

 Menggunakan abstract noun (kata benda yang nampak)

Menggunakan Passive voice

Menggunakan Action verbs

The Example of Explanation Text

How Earthquakes Happen

General statement

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters.

Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible

earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why

did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Squenced of explanation

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly

breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic

waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates

are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide

smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving.

After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up.

When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock

start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The

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spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the

earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the

earthquake.

Example 2

Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour

("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when

water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and

vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of

the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating

tsunami, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental

plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to

regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the

huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea

keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

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Discussion Text

Discussion text adalah sebuah teks baik terucap atau tertulis yang

memberikan informasi, ide, pendapat, tentang suatu hal.

1.Tujuan Komunikatif Discussion Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari Discussion Text itu sendiri adalah untuk

mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau isu yang ditinjau paling tidak dari

dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau

rekomendasi.

 2. Generic Structure of Discusssion Text (struktur teks)

a.   Issue (masalah)

b.    Arguments (Pendapat)

Supporting Points (Pendapat Yang Mendukung)

Contrasting Points (Pendapat Yang Bertentangan)

c.    Conclusion / Recommendation (Kesimpulan / Saran)

3. Ciri Kebahasaan Discussion Text

Simpel present tense

Modalites, seperti must, should, would, may, etc.

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Additive, contrastive, dan casual connection untuk menghubungkan

argumen seperti similiary, however, furthemore, on the other hand,

etc.

Thinking verb untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis,

misalnya feel, believe, hope, dsb.

Adverbials of maner misalnya deliberately, hopefully ,dsb

The example of Discussion Text

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Issue

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in

various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station

was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

(Tenaga nuklir dibangkitkan dengan menggunakan uranium yang

merupakan sejenis logam yang bisa ditemukan di berbagai tempat di

dunia. Pembangkit tenaga nuklir sekala besar  yang pertama dibuka di

Caler Hall di Bumbria, Inggris pada tahun 1956.)

Supporting Point

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine.

Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and

produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get

when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

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(Beberapa kapal dan kapal selam militer mempunyai tenaga nuklir yang

ditanamkan pada mesin. Tenaga nuklir memproduksi sekitar 11% tenaga

yang dibutuhkan dunia dan menghasilkan total energi yang besar yang

tidak menyebabkan polusi seperti yang akan kita dapatkan ketika

membakar bahan bakar fosil. Keuntungan dari nuklir adalah sebagai

berikut:)

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

(Biayanya hampir seperti batu bara, jadi tidak terlalu mahal untuk

digunakan.)

It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not

contribute to the greenhouse effect. (Tidak menghasilkan asap atau

karbon dioksida, jadi tidak menyumbang efek rumah kaca.)

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

(Menghasilkan energi yang banyak dari sedikit uranium.)

It produces small amount of waste. (Menghasilkan sedikit

pembuangan.)

It is reliable. (Bisa diwujudkan.)

Contrasting Point

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be

sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die

away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent

on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major

accident.(Di sisi lain, tenaga nuklir sangat berbahaya. Nuklir harus di

kunci dan di kubur untuk beberapa tahun untuk mematikan radioactiv-

nya. Selanjutnya, walaupun tenaga nuklir bisa diwujudkan, banyak uang

harus digunakan untuk keamanannya karena jika terjadi kesalahan,

sebuah kecelakaan nuklir bisa menyebabkan kecelakaan yang besar.)

Conclusion or Recomendation

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People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear

power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the

world.

(Manusia sangat memperhatikan masalah ini. Pada tahun 1990-an tenaga

nuklir  merupakan sumber tenaga yang cepat berkembang di banyak

penjuru dunia.)

REVIEW TEXT

Social function : To criticize an art work or event for a public audience.

Generic Structure Review Text :

Introduction

Seperti jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) yang lainnya, pada

paragraph pertama dari sebuah Review Text berisi tentang

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gambaran umum tentang sebuah karya atau benda yang akan

ditinjau. Gambaran umum tentang karya atau benda tersebut bisa

berupa nama, kegunaan, dan sebagainya.

Evaluation

Pada Generic Structure yang kedua, Evaluation, memberikan

gambaran tentang detail suatu karya atau benda yang direview,

bisa berupa bagian-bagian dari karya atau benda tersebut, keunikan

dan kualitasnya.

Interpretation

Pada bagian ketiga ini, penulis memberikan pandangannya sendiri

mengenai karaya atau benda yang direviewnya. Tentunya phase ini

dilakukan setelah melakukan evaluasi yang cukup terhadap karya

atau barang tersebut.

Summmary

Pada bagian ini, penulis memberikan kesimpulan kepada pembaca

terhadap karya atau benda yang telah direviewnya. Setelah

memberikan penjelasan di evaluasi dan pandangan penlis sendiri di

interpretation, tibalah penulis memberikan komentar apakah karya

atau benda yang direviewnya berharga atau tidak untuk calon

pembeli.

Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)

Pada Review Text terdapat beberapa ciri kebahasaan seperti berikut ini :

1. Menggunakan present tense.

2. Banyak menggunakan adjective (kata sipat) seperti, bad, good,

valuable, etc.

3. Sering menggunakan long clause (klausa panjang) dan kompleks.

The example of Review Text

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Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Orientation

I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always

hold a special place in my heart. 

Evaluasi 1

I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite.

Evaluasi 2

When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a

huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing,

and ultimately satisfying.

Interpretation

Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this

works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time

you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the

book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the

other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if

we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his

usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house,

for example – house keeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm

not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to

play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has

apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy

in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden

change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-

hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's

heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character,

like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry teen" overnight.

Summary

The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this

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part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was.

It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a

really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

Spoof Text

Spoof is a text which has an unexpected and funny ending. In other

word , spoof is a text which tells what happened in the past unpredictable

and funny ending.

A. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

To tell an amusing story about someone or something

To retell an event with a humorous twist.

B. Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

Orientation : Orientation adalah bagian di mana penulis memulai

memperkenalkan cerita.

Events : Sedangkan pada bagian Events yaitu bagian di mana

penulis menceritakan kejadian-kejadian dalam cerita tersebut tetapi

kejadian yang diceritakan masih kejadian yang wajar.

Twist : Dan bagian dari Spoof Text yang terakhir

adalah Twist. Twist merupakan bagian teks yang mana

menceritakan kebalikan dari kejadian-kejadian wajar di

bagian Events. Twist merupakan bagian akhir dari Spoof Text yang

menceritakan kejadian akhir lucu dan tidak disangka-sangka

sebelumnya. 

C. Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

Menggunakan Past Tense; was, were, did, etc.

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Menggunakan kata kerja aksi (action verb); did, went, walked,

etc.

Menggunakan kata keterangan waktu dan kata keterangan

tempat.

Diceritakan secara kronologis.

D. Contoh Teks Spoof Text

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“Penguin in the Park”

Once, a man was walking in a park when he came across a penguin. He took

him to a policeman and said, “I have just found this penguin. What should I

do?” The policeman replied, “take him to the zoo” The next day the policeman

saw the same in the same park, and the man was still carrying the penguin

with him.

The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked.

“Why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn’t you take t to the zoo?”

‘I certainly did,’ replied the man. “And it was a great idea because he really

enjoyed it, so today I’m taking him to the movies, and the next day I'll take it

to the beach. It'll be so much fun" said the man.”

Orientation : Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a

penguin.

Event : He took him to a policeman and said, "I have just found this penguin.

What should I do?" The policeman replied, "take him to the zoo" The next day

the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man still carrying

the penguin with him. The policeman was rather supriseed and walked up to

the man and asked "why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn't you

take it to the zoo?"

Twist : "I certainly did" replied the man"And it was a great idea because he

Anecdote Text

Social Function To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident

Generic Structure Anecdote Text

1.Abstract

Pada bagian Abstract, biasanya penulis mulai mengenalkan kejadian ganjil

atau tidak biasa apa yang akan diceritakanya.

2.Orientation

Orientation di Anecdote Text juga menceritakan siapa, kapan, dan di

mana kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi.

3. Crisis

Pada bagian ini menceritakan kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa

tersebut terjadi. Penulis menceritakan kejadian tersebut dengan detail.

4. Reaction/ Incident

5.Coda

Struktur kebahasaan yang terakhir dari Anecdote Text yaitu Coda. Pada

bagian Coda, penulis menceritakan bagaimana subjek cerita (pelaku)

memecahkan masalahnya dan akhir dari kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa

tersebut.

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Orientation : Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a

penguin.

Event : He took him to a policeman and said, "I have just found this penguin.

What should I do?" The policeman replied, "take him to the zoo" The next day

the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man still carrying

the penguin with him. The policeman was rather supriseed and walked up to

the man and asked "why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn't you

take it to the zoo?"

Twist : "I certainly did" replied the man"And it was a great idea because he

D. Ciri kebahasaan Anecdote Text

1. Menggunakan past tense (Waktu lampau), seperti: I found it last night.

2. Menggunakan rhetoric question (pertanyaan retorika), seperti: Do you

know what?

3. Menggunakan conjuction of time (kata sambung waktu), seperti: then,

afterward, etc.

4. Menggunakan action verb (kata kerja aksi), seperti: went, writed, etc.

5. Menggunakan imperative sentece (kalimat perintah), seperti: listen to

this.

6. Menggunakan exclamation sentence (kalimat seru), seperti: it’s awful,

it’s wonderful, etc.

 E. Contoh Anecdote Text

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“Snake in the Bath”

Abstract : How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!

Orientation : We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty

for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we

would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.

Crisis : Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole.

Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the

slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.

Reaction/Incident : For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I

yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the

handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested

in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d

probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!