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B`f|ja R`ejga{p`

;'  K|k arp R`hgah B`f|ja ?

N`rob` uaur`nkrau bkfkn n`gcpn|pfhkg |`gbk|kr bkta u`h`fon|oh |khkt

n`fkfpa u t̀kgchkakg hp`uaog`t& ba nkgk kbk n`hkgaun` i``bdkeh n`fkfpa

‚|prktkg‑/topgb |`trkgqkkg qkgc bakbkhkg ukndaf n`gmkck kgoganarku

rkgcck|kg t`u|ogb`g *|ktk kjfa!' *Iof`q& ;134!

N`rob` B`f|ja kbkfkj r`hgah honpgahkua r`turtphrpt& kskfgqk bah`ndkgchkg

u`dkcka n`rob` |`tknkfkg agr`tkhrai qkgc d`tckgrpgc |kbk u`mpnfkj `z|`tr'

*Jktofb K' Fagurog`& ;130!

\kbk y`tua urkgbkt& |ktk kjfa n`gmkskd hp`uaog`t bkfkn 4/f`daj |prktkg' U`rak|

u`f`uka |prktkg& ikuafarkrot n`gq`bakhkg tagchkukg bkta |`tknkfkg |ktk kjfa bkta

|prktkg u`d`fpngqk bkg kfkukg qkgc n`t`hk d`tahkg pgrph |`gafkakg n`t`hk'

B`gckg b`nahakg& |ktk kjfa bauktkghkg pgrph n`t`yaua mkskdkg u`d`fpngqk

d`tbkukthkg mkskdkg qkgc r`fkj bahon|afkua u`d`fpngqk' Bkfkn |tou`u aga

  mkskdkg.mkskdkg khkg n`gc`tpepr bk khjatgqk ctp| aga khkg n`g`nphkg

‚mkskdkg‑ qkgc d`gkt' \kbk khjatgqk |tou`u aga khkg d`tj`gra u`r`fkj htar`takd`tj`gra qkgc r`fkj ba u`|khkra u`d`fpngqk r`fkj r`tek|ka *mpnfkr |prktkg&

|`gek|kakg hogu`gupu bkg h`urkdafkg jkuaf!'

Y`tua qkgc fkag& naukfgqk b`f|ja |ofaeq& r`fkj bab`ukag pgrph |`gccpgkkg

gotnkrai bkg `z|fotkrai r`tprknk ba safkqkj h`damkhkg uouakf bkg h`u`jkrkg

nkuqktkhkr' Ba @to|k& |`teodkkg d`tdkuau s`d r`fkj n`gccpgkhkg b`f|ja

u`dkcka r`hgah honpgahkua pgrph |`gckndafkg h`|prpukg agr`tkeray` bkg `.

b`noetkeq'

B`f|ja d`tbkukthkg |tagua| dkjsk |`tknkfkg *krkp h`|prpukg! bkta ctp| qkgcr`turtphrpt / agbayabp f`daj khptkr bkta|kbk ctp| qkgc rabkh r`turtphpt' Jkf aga

baagbahkua b`gckg kbkgqk r`tn ‚agr`ffac`ge` hof`hrai‑' R`hgah aga mpck dauk

bakbk|rkua pgrph |`gccpgkkg |`tr`npkg rkrk| nphk *of`j hkt`gk arp bau`dpr

naga B`f|ja/@R@!' B`f|ja r`fkj dkgqkh bacpgkhkg pgrph |`tknkfkg daugau bkg

n`n|pgqka h`pgrpgckg r`tr`grp badkgbagc |`gb`hkrkg qkgc fkag'

․  Iarpt hpgea

¢ Uaur`nkrah

¢ Hp`uaog`t

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¢ \`gbk|kr |ktk kjfa

¢ \tou`u Ar`tkua *|prktkg/togb`!

¢ I``bdkeh ― |`gbk|kr agbayabp qkgc banob`tkua of`j ctop| .

․  Eogroj K|fahkua =

․  R`hgofoca |`tknkfkg& eogroj = |`gcodkrkg |kbk rkjpg ;11<

․  \`tknkfkg |`tnagrkkg& eogroj = \ktasaukrk Jkskaa |kbk rkjpg

4<<<

․  \`tknkfkg |`tpdkjkg nkgkm`n`g jor`f ba Jogchogc *;113!

․  Kuu`un`gr bkn|kh fagchpgckg bkkn |`gc`ndkgckg Ukfr‑u Naff 

․  \taotarku bkfkn nkgkm`n`g |`trpgmphkg dpbkqk

․  B`iagaua ̀ horoptaun

4'  Hktkhr`taurah B`f|ja *Ckttob& 4<<3! 

;'  \`g`farakg hpkfarkrai r`hgah rk|a b`gckg pgupt.pgupt hpkgrarkrai 

4'  D`tckgrpgc h`|kbk |`gafkakg bkta u`mpnfkj kjfa

5'  \tou`u ar`tkrai& qkgc r`tmkba u`fknk d`d`tk|k #|prktkg# *topgb!

2'  \oag |ouarai=

k'  If`huad`fd'  Dkcpu pgrph n`gbk|krhkg aup/aguacjr qkgc d`fpn npgepf

*badkskj |`tnphkkg!

e'  Dkcpu bkfkn n`g`nphkg |`trkgqkkg qkgc upfar/`z|`tr

b'  F`daj r`turtphrpt bkta|kbk skskgektk hogy`guaogkf

0'  Rk|a mpck bahtaraua hkt`gk=

k'  U`tagc bau`dpr ‚n`gbauht`barhkg‑ 

d'  Babpck kgra b`nohtkua / kgra |ktraua|krota

e'  D`fkhkgckg aga `hu`hpua u`tagc e`todoj u`jagcck kckh n`tpukh

t`|prkua r`hgah aga

5' Fkgchkj.fkgchkj \`g`tk|kg N`rob` B`f|ja *Mkhktak& 4<<1! 

;'\todf`n ab`graiaekraog kgb u|`eaiaekraog' 

\`g`fara n`gcab`graiahkua aup bkg nkukfkj qkgcd`th`ndkgc ba fagchpgckggqk

*dabkgcgqk!& |`tnkukfkjkg qkgc n`fkrkt d`fkhkgca& krkp|`tnkukfkjkg qkgc

bajkbk|a qkgc jktpu u`c`tk |`tfp |`gq`f`ukakg'

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4' \`tuogkf ab`graiaekraog kgb u`f`eraog'

D`tbkukthkg dabkgc |`tnkukfkjkg bkg aup qkgc r`fkjr`tab`graiahkua& |`g`fara

n`g`grphkg bkg n`nafaj otkgc.otkgc qkgc kjfa& nkgktpj |`tjkrakg&bkg r`trktah

dabkgc r`tu`dpr& qkgc n`npgchaghkg h`r`tek|kakg rpmpkg' Mpnfkj

t`u|ogb`g|kfagc rabkh u`upka b`gckg upd |`tnkukfkjkg& ragchkr h`|khktkg

*`z|`t`rau`!& bkg krkph`s`gkgckggqk'

5' [p`uraogkat` B`uacg' 

\`g`fara n`gqpupg dprat.dprat agurtpn`g d`tbkukthkg yktakd`f qkgcbaknkra krkp

|`tnkukfkjkg qkgc khkg bau`f`ukahkg' Dprat agurtpn`g j`gbkhgqk

n`n`gpjaykfabarku auagqk *eogr`gr ykfabarq!' \`trkgqkkg bkfkn d`grph o|`g.

`gb`b {p`uraog& h`epkfa mahk|`tnkukfkjkg n`nkgc upbkj u|`uaiah'

2' U`gbagc {p`uraog`t kgb kgkfauau t`u|ogb`b iot iatur topgb' 

\`g`fara n`gcatanhkg hp`uaog`t |kbk|prktkg |`trknk h`|kbk t`u|ogb`g&

u`fkgmprgqk n`taya`s agurtpn`g bkg n`gckgkfauaumkskdkg agurtpn`g qkgc r`fkj

bah`ndkfahkg' Kgkfauau bafkhphkg b`gckg n`gc`fon|ohhkgmkskdkg qkgc u`tp|k'

D`tbkukthkg jkuaf kgkfauau& |`g`fara n`t`yaua agurtpn`gr'

0' B`y`fo|n`gr oi updu`{p`gr [p`uraogkat`u'Hp`uaog`t jkuaf t`ya`s |kbk |prktkg |`trknkbah`ndkgchkg bkg ba|`tdkaha&

bafkgmprhkg |kbk |prktkg h`bpk& bkg h`rack' U`rak|jkuaf t`yaua& hp`uaog`t

bahatanhkg h`ndkfa h`|kbk t`u|ogb`g' Mahk n`gckfkna h`upfarkgbkg h`tkcpkg

bkfkn n`tkgchpn& |`g`fara bk|kr n`nagrk hfktaiahkua h`|kbkt`u|ogb`g' Bkfkn

r`hgah b`f|ja dakukgqk bacpgkhkg jagcck 5.0 |prktkg& r`tckgrpgcbkta h`fpkukg

bkg h`hon|f`hkg |`tnkukfkjkg ukn|ka b`gckg r`tek|kagqk hogu`gupu'

9' Otckga}kraog oi Ctop| N``ragcu' 

\`g`fara n`gcpgbkgc t`u|ogb`g pgrph n`fkhphkgbauhpua |kg`f& pgrph hfktaiahkuakrku mkskdkg qkgc r`fkj bad`tahkg' Bauagafkj ktcpn`grkuabkg b`dkr dauk r`tmkba

pgrph n`gek|ka hogu`gupu bkfkn n`nd`tahkg mkskdkg r`grkgctkgekgckg upkrp

|tobph krkp agrtpn`g |`g`farakg' B`gckg ike`.ro.ike` eogrker& |`g`farabk|kr

n`gkgqkhkg u`ektk tagea n`gc`gka t`u|og qkgc r`fkj bad`tahkg' H`|prpukgkhjat

r`grkgc jkuaf mkmkh |`gbk|kr bahkrkhkg dkah k|kdafk baek|ka nagankf 3<%

hogu`gupu'

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3' \t`|kt` iagkf t`|otr' 

\`g`fara |`tfp n`ndpkr fk|otkg r`grkgc |`tuak|kg& |tou`u& bkgjkuaf qkgc baek|ka

bkfkn R`hgah B`f|ja' Jkuaf R`hgah B`f|ja |`tfp bapmaeodk bafk|kgckg b`gckg

t`u|ogb`g qkgc khkg n`nkhka nob`f krkp |tobph bkfkn mpnfkjqkgc mkpj f`daj

d`ukt'

Ckndkt ;' Fkgchkj.fkgchkj r`hgah B`f|ja

2'  H`f`dajkg R`hgah B`f|ja *Ckttob& 4<<3! 

k'  R`hgah aga ukgckr if`huad`f pgrph bak|fahkuahkg bkfkn d`tdkcka

uarpkua bkg d`tdkcka |`tnkukfkjkg qkgc tpnar& bankgk u`tagchkfa

rabkh kbk n`rob` kgkfauau qkgc eoeoh pgrph bar`tk|hkg'

d'  \tou`bpt ar`tkuagqk n`npgchaghkg |ktk kjfa pgrph n`nahathkg

h`ndkfa |`gafkakg n`t`hk d`tbkukthkg i``bdkeh bkta t`hkg kjfa

qkgc fkag'

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e'  \tou`u aga mpck n`nd`tahkg f`daj dkgqkh skhrp h`|kbk |ktraua|kg

pgrph n`nahathkg h`ndkfa ab`.ab` n`t`hk u`d`fpn n`nd`tahkg

|`gafkakg& jkf aga r`grpgqk khkg n`nd`tahkg t`u|og qkgc f`daj

d`thpkfarku'

b'  \`gb`hkrkg kgoganarku n`npgchaghkg |ktk kjfa pgrph f`daj

d`dku d`t|`gbk|kr& rkg|k kbkgqk r`hkgkg bkta |ajkh nkgk|pg

`'  Kbkgqk h`npgchagkg |`gcktpj agbayabpkf mpck oronkrau

bajafkgchkg'

i'  Kbkgqk ‚|`gckfajkg aup‑ qkgc h`fpkt bkta iohpu prknk bauhpua

bk|kr bah`gbkfahkg of`j |tom`er nkgkc`t

c'  \tou`u aga khkg n`gcjkuafhkg ekrkrkg bkta |`nahatkg ctp| bk|kr

bat`ya`s ukkr ba|`tfphkg

j'  N`rob` aga bk|kr bacpgkhkg pgrph n`gc`ykfpkua u`dktkg

|`gbk|kr bkta |ktk kjfa krkp|pg |oag.|oag hogu`gupu *jkf.jkf

qkgc r`fkj bau`|khkra!'

0'  H`f`nkjkg R`hgah B`f|ja *Ckttob& 4<<3! 

k'  B`f|ja dauk ukgckr u`guaurai r`tjkbk| jkf.jkf d`tahpr

a'  F`y`f h`kjfakg bkta |ktk |kg`fauaa'  Hon|ouaua |kg`fau

aaa'  H`m`fkukg |`trkgqkkg

ay'  Ektk |tom`er nkgkc`t n`fk|othkg oprfa`t

y'  Kbnagaurtkua hp`uaog`t

d'  R`hgah aga n`gckupnuahkg |ktk kjfa n`n|`tdof`jhkg |`gafkakg

n`t`hk ba.t`yaua of`j |`gbk|kr bkta otkgc fkag

e'  \kg`f kjfa t`grkg r`tjkbk| krtaua *|tou`u |`f`nkjkg! bau`dkdhkg

hkt`gk

a'  H`m`gpjkg b`gckg updm`h/ro|ah |`g`farakgaa'  H`rabkh|pkukg b`gckg |tou`u bkg krkp

aaa'  H`hptkgckg skhrp pgrph n`f`gchk|a hp`uaog`t

b'  D`d`tk|k |tkhraua/|`gccpgk b`f|ja n`gccpgkhkg |`gcktpj

pkgc/|`tupkua u`ektk notkf pgrph n`qkhaghkg |kg`fau up|kqk

‚h``| og rtkeh‑ bkfkn hkupu aga& khkg r`rk|a jkf aga bk|kr

n`gq`dkdhkg daku r`thkar jkuaf urpba'

`'  Kbk h`npgchagkg r`td`grph ‚hogu`gupu u`np‑& bankgk |kg`fau  

n`gq`rpmpa bkg n`gq`upkahkg |`gafkakg bkta ctp|'

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i'  R`hgah aga u`tagchkfa n`n`tfphkg u`mpnfkj skhrp qkgc d`thpkfarku

pgrph n`f`gchk|a hp`uaog`t bkg u`tagchkfa n`gqark dkgqkh skhrp

bkta |`tau`r'

9'  \kgbpkg \`nkhkakg R`hgah B`f|ja *Ckttob& 4<<3! 

k'  R`hgah b`f|ja j`gbkhgqk rabkh bafajkr u`dkcka roof prknk bkfkn

agy`urackua r`rk|a f`daj u`dkcka kfkr |`gbphpgc/|`tfpkukg urpba

qkgc r`fkj bah`ndkgckhkg bkg n`rob` agy`urackua qkgc f`daj

jkgbkf'

d'  Ro|ah jktpufkj u`upka& rabkh dof`j kbk daku mkskdkg pgrph

|`trkgqkkg qkggc bakmphkg

e'  \`trkgqkkg jktpu bapmaeodk r`tf`daj bkjpfp pgrph n`gcjagbkta

kndacparku'

b'  \kg`fau jktpu d`gkt.d`gkt kjfa bkfkn dabkgcgqk

`'  \kg`fau j`gbkhgqk r`tbata bkta hondagkua qkgc dkah kgrkt baua|fag

afnp bkg dabkgc h`kjfakg

i'  J`gbkhgqk kbk kfohkua skhrp qkgc ephp| dkca |ktk kjfa pgrph

n`nahathkg b`gckg n`gbkfkn r`grkgc |`trkgqkkg qkgc bakmphkg'

c'  U`r`fkj |prktkg d`tahprgqk banpfka& |ktk kjfa qkgc r`tfkndkr

bkfkn n`gq`f`ukahkg |prktkg u`d`fpngqk jktpu u`c`tk

n`gc`tmkhkg |prktkg u`fkgmprgqk'

j'  \`f`nkjkg |kg`f dauk banagankfhkg b`gckg ektk n`nafaj |ktk

kjfa qkgc n`nafaha nagkr qkgc hpkr r`tjkbk| h`fpktkg bkta |toq`h'

a'  Bat`hon`gbkuahkg pgrph n`gccpgkhkg hon|`gukua iagkguakf bkg

kmkhkg notkf u`dkcka kfkr pgrph n`nkurahkg |ktk kjfa r`rk| honar

r`tjkbk| |tom`er'

 m'  \ktk kjfa jktpu qkhag dkjsk r`hgah b`f|ja n`tp|khkg r`hgah qkgc

ykfab pgrph n`gckrkua nkukfkj qkgc kbk'

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Dadfaoctk|jqIof`q& N' k' *;134!'

Ckttob& D' *4<<3!' Rj` B`f|ja R`ejga{p`' Pgay`tuarq oi Skf`u Kd`tqursqrj' Skf`u=

Agurarpr` oi Tptkf Uea`ge`'

Jktofb K' Fagurog`& N' R' *;130!' Rj` B`f|ja N`rjob= R`ejga{p`u kgb K||faekraogu' 

Nkuu'= Kbauog.S`uf`q& AUDG 13:<4<;<2412:'

Mkhktak& Q' *4<<1!' Pma Eodk Nob`f *Ykfabkua!' Mkhktrk= \pukr \`g`farakg H`damkhkg bkg

Agoykua \`gbabahkg& Dkbkg Fardkgc& B`|bahgku'

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Fkn|atkg ;' U`mktkj \`gccpgkkg N`rob` B`f|ja

Upnd`t = H`turag Epjfu& B`f|ja N`rjob& Itkpgjoi`t Agurarpr` iot Uqur`nu kgb Aggoykraog T`u`ktej& C`tnkgq  

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Fkn|atkg 4' Otckgaukua bkta \tou`u B`f|ja

Upnd`t = H`turag Epjfu& B`f|ja N`rjob& Itkpgjoi`t Agurarpr` iot Uqur`nu kgb Aggoykraog T`u`ktej& C`tnkgq