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Construction Materials Masonry. TED 316 – Structural Design. Building of structures from individual units Common materials: Brick Stone Marble Granite Concrete block Glass block. MASONRY. Walls of buildings Retaining walls Monuments Brick and block are most commonly used - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TED 316 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Construction MaterialsMasonry
MASONRY
Building of structures from individual units
Common materials: Brick Stone Marble Granite Concrete block Glass block
MASONRY APPLICATIONS
Walls of buildings Retaining walls Monuments Brick and block are most commonly
used Can be weight bearing or veneer Rebar is added to increase tensile and
lateral strength
MASONRY - ADVANTAGES
Increase thermal mass Does not require painting Heat and fire resistance High impact resistance Long life-cycle
MASONRY - DISADVANTAGES
Degradation due to frost damage Requires a strong foundation Heavy
MASONRY – STRUCTURAL LIMITATIONS Good compressive strength Much lower tensile strength Reinforcement needed
Thickening wall Masonry piers Steel reinforcement
MASONRY - VENEER
Masonry units installed on one or both sides of a structurally independent wall
Decorative not structural Common materials
Brick Stone
Attached with brick ties
MASONRY - VENEER
Air gap Waterproofing
Water-resistant surface Weep holes
Interior insulation Fiberglass for stud walls Foam board for block Takes advantage of thermal mass
DRY SET MASONRY (DRY STONE)
Building material – mortar bond not critical
Friction provides strength Grooves and keys add strength Mortar-less masonry
SOLID MASONRY
Economical Limited applications
Low Thick
Susceptible to earthquakes Reinforcement needed
STONE
Commonly used Granite Slate Limestone Sandstone Marble
STONE
Common forms Crushed Sand Pea gravel Rip rap Fieldstone Dimensional stone Rubble Flagstone
STONE
Characteristics Strength
High compression Low tension
Hardness – varies Workability – relates to hardness Durability Appearance Accessibility Indigenous
BRICK
Categories Sun-dried bricks Kiln burned bricks
Building bricks Refractory bricks
BRICK
Types Common brick Face brick Glazed face brick Fire brick Sand lime brick
Special brick Paving brick Omni brick Sculpted brick
BRICK
Two or more layers Horizontal rows (stretcher bricks) Cross ties (header bricks) Bonds (pattern of stretcher and header)
Common English and Flemish Staggered vs. non-staggered
BRICK – UNIFORMITY AND RUSTICITY
Wide variety of styles and types 1950s-1970s: consistency = sterile 1980s on: move back to rustic look
Burnt bricks Salvage bricks Aged new bricks Free, artistic style
BLOCKS
Cinder blocks Concrete blocks Hollow tile Generically referred to as Concrete
Masonry Units (CMUs) Larger than bricks Faster to lay Lower water absorption rates than bricks
BLOCK
Used as structural core for veneer walls Used alone where appearance is not critical Stucco covering
Decoration Extra strength Pre-colored or stained
Reinforcement Bond beam Filling hollow voids Rebar and ladder-reinforcement
GLASS BLOCK
Made of glass Structural or appearance Provide light and/or view